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41-663: The network launched on April 17, 1984, as one of the first regional sports networks in the United States. PASS was owned by John Fetzer , the Principal owner of the Fetzer broadcast station group. Fetzer was also the previous owner of the Detroit Tigers , having just sold the team months earlier to Domino's Pizza owner Tom Monaghan . For its inaugural year, PASS carried 80 Tigers games (64 home and 16 away) as part of

82-476: A 1998 launch. As the respective broadcast rights to the Detroit Pistons and Detroit Tigers came up for renewal, Fox/Liberty made a joint bid with PASS for the contracts and was awarded the regional television rights to both teams on August 26, 1997. Post-Newsweek concluded that its coverage area was not large enough to support two regional sports networks. As a result, on August 30, 1997, it chose to sell

123-487: A 50% ownership interest in the group to News Corporation . That company would immediately assume operational control of Prime following the purchase's closure, with plans to launch its own slate of regional sports networks as an outgrowth of its fledgling Fox Sports division later announcing on July 3, 1996, that the Prime networks would be rebranded as Fox Sports Net beginning that November. In 1997, Fox/Liberty Networks –

164-496: A PSA about child abduction airing after the episode. After My Sister Sam was canceled in 1988, surviving cast members: Pam Dawber , Joel Brooks , Jenny O'Hara , and David Naughton were reunited to film a PSA for the center to Prevent Handgun Violence on gun control after the murder of their co-star, Rebecca Schaeffer , who was gunned down by a crazed fan on July 18, 1989, at Schaeffer's apartment in Los Angeles. During

205-577: A broadcaster at the time. By erecting a 1,000-foot tower for the television station outside of town and pushing the powerful signal to the west, rather than to the more populated and established TV market in Omaha (as well as purchasing a rival station and donating its license to the local university for an educational station ), KOLN-TV created a near monopoly on a rural area previously ignored by broadcasters. He later established KGIN in Grand Island as

246-548: A day. In the fall of 1995, PASS expanded its coverage area, adding providers such as C-TEC and Cable Plus. By April 1996, the network had reached 25% (or 22,700) of all cable television households in Metro Detroit and 80% (or 174,000 households) in other parts of its primary coverage area through expanded basic tiers. On October 31, 1995, Liberty Media , owner of the Prime Network and most of its affiliates, sold

287-472: A newly formed joint venture between News Corporation and Liberty – made a surprise bid for the local cable television rights to NHL games involving the Detroit Red Wings . News Corporation announced plans to launch its own regional sports network for Michigan to serve as a competitor to PASS. The new channel, later named Fox Sports Detroit (now Bally Sports Detroit), was originally targeted for

328-418: A satellite of KOLN, further expanding both the coverage area and the profitability. According to Steve Smethers, professor of journalism and mass communications at Kansas State University, "The old 10/11 strong model is just an incredible idea in terms of serving a very rural part of the state." Longtime KOLN/KGIN television personality Leta Powell Drake noted that "KOLN used to have in their news an 85 share of

369-468: A seven year contract. At its launch it also had an agreement with the Detroit Pistons and to carry a series of local boxing matches. PASS contracted to use WDIV-TV 's studios to produce its programming. PASS was offered for $ 10 per month and marketed using the slogan "Your Season Pass". In 1986, Detroit Red Wings games were added to the network's sports programming slate, with the remainder of

410-646: A total of 400 PSAs produced by the KOBACO. China's first PSAs in 1986 were about saving water and were broadcast on Guiyang television. In Hong Kong , terrestrial television networks have been required since National Day 2004 to preface their main evening news broadcasts with a minute-long announcement in the public interest which plays the Chinese National Anthem in Mandarin over various patriotic montages. Filem Negara Malaysia (FNM) became

451-427: Is made up of about 15 persons nominated by advertising academia, broadcasting, advertising industry, and civic groups. The organization evolved from the 'Broadcasting Advertising Improvement Advisory Committee' formed on August 18, 1981. After going through the 'Public Service Advertising Improvement Advisory Committee' on February 7, 1983, the name was changed to the current name on July 1, 1988. As of 2020, there are

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492-657: The 1983 season (the Tigers would win the World Series the following year). Monaghan himself followed Fetzer's footsteps into broadcasting and now holds a significant stake in a number of broadcast properties airing mostly religious programming, through entities owned or controlled. Much of Fetzer's wealth was used to fund the Fetzer Institute . Fetzer died in 1991 in a hospital in Honolulu, Hawaii , where he

533-547: The Prime Network group of regional sports networks. In 1992, Monaghan sold the Tigers to Mike Ilitch and sold PASS to Post-Newsweek Stations . PASS merged its operations with NBC affiliate WDIV-TV (channel 4) and moved its studios and offices from Ann Arbor to WDIV-TV's studios in Detroit. Post-Newsweek also changed it from an evening-only premium cable channel to a basic cable channel and expanded it to 24 hours

574-891: The "Sonic Says" segments from Adventures of Sonic the Hedgehog . PSAs are used as placeholders for unsold commercials . PSAs in South Korea are produced by the Public Service Advertising Council, an organization under the Korea Broadcasting Advertisement Corporation (KOBACO) . The Public Service Advertising Council is in charge of advisory roles such as selecting the topic of PSAs broadcast in Korea for one year, establishing public relations measures, and seeking strategies. The Public Service Advertising Council

615-603: The 1960s. The most common topics of PSAs are health and safety, such as the multimedia "Emergency Preparedness & Safety Tips On Air and Online" talk radio campaign. A typical PSA is part of a public awareness campaign to inform or educate the public about an issue such as obesity or compulsive gambling . One of the earliest television public service announcements came in the form of Smokey Bear whose "Only you can prevent forest fires" campaign ran for decades. Other common early themes were traffic safety, especially safe crossing, wearing seat belts and not driving drunk, and

656-602: The 1980s, many American cartoon shows contained PSAs at the end of their shows to satisfy federal regulations that required programming for children to be educational. Examples include the closing moral segments at the end of He-Man and the Masters of the Universe , the "Knowing is Half the Battle" epilogues in G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero ,’’ The Transformers (TV series) ’’, Jem , M.A.S.K. , Inspector Gadget , and

697-720: The Environment also produces PSAs focusing on environmental pollution. PSAs on corruption and bribery were produced by the Malaysian Anti-Corruption Agency (now Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission ). Most of these PSAs were aired on Radio Televisyen Malaysia (RTM) and TV Pendidikan between the 1990s and 2000s. Private TV networks like TV3 have also produced in-house PSAs, covering topics such as not downloading pirated content, some of which feature actress and infotainer, Janna Nick ; and domestic violence which features actress Eyra Hazali. There

738-799: The Government, after the War. In the US, the Ad Council (initially called the War Advertising Council) was set up in 1941, when America entered World War II. It began implementing on a massive scale the idea of using advertising to influence American society on a range of fronts. Its first campaigns focused on the country's needs during World War II, such as encouraging the American public to invest their savings in government bonds . After

779-742: The Supreme Court twice and was finally settled in Fetzer's favor on the floor of the United States Senate. This led to some 3,000 stations getting their licenses granted by the FCC and put Fetzer in the position of pioneer and confidante of many in Washington. During World War II, he was appointed the national radio censor for the U.S. Office of Censorship and created voluntary censorship of more than 900 radio stations so that they would not broadcast information that would be beneficial to

820-540: The United States at the beginnings of the Great Depression and would remain a staunch advocate of a "hands off" policy by the government in the communications industry. By then, despite WEMC's popularity, Emmanuel Missionary College was running out of money to operate its radio station. Unwilling to either operate commercially or solicit donations from listeners, college officials offered to sell it to Fetzer. He bought it for $ 2,500. As in his student days, he ran

861-831: The Wabash Railroad, introduced young John to the early workings of wireless communication. Via telegraph reports, they would track the baseball games of the Detroit Tigers , which he would later own. Radio was still in its infancy, but Fetzer took it seriously and built his first transmitter-receiver in 1917 and began communicating from his home in Indiana with a man in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania . In 1922, he came to Michigan and enrolled at Emmanuel Missionary College, now known as Andrews University , in Berrien Springs , and began operating an experimental radio station for

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902-482: The audience. That means for all the sets that are tuned into television, 85 percent of the viewers were watching 10/11 News." In 1956 he bought part ownership in the Tigers and became full owner in 1961 . He was active in negotiating broadcast packages for Major League Baseball. For the most part, Fetzer preferred to stay in the background. He mostly left the Tigers in the hands of general manager Jim Campbell , though he nominally remained team president until handing

943-553: The consequences of undergoing a particular harmful action or inaction (such as pictures of drug users before and after their addiction or realistic skits of domestic violence situations) as well as the importance of avoiding such choices. In the UK , they are generally called a public information film ( PIF ); in Hong Kong , they are known as an announcement in the public interest ( API ). The earliest public service announcements (in

984-493: The dangers of cigarette smoking. A charitable organization may enlist the support of a celebrity for a PSA; examples include actress Kathryn Erbe telling people to be green and Crips gang leader Stanley Williams speaking from prison to urge youths not to join gangs or commit crimes. Some television shows featuring very special episodes made PSAs after the episodes. For example, Law & Order: Special Victims Unit talked about child abduction in one episode, with

1025-415: The early pioneers of PSAs from its establishment in 1946. PSAs produced by FNM have topics such as dengue fever , drug addiction , environmental pollution , road safety and electricity usage . Governmental agencies such as Ministry of Health have produced PSAs to promote their Healthy Lifestyle Campaign which held annually since 1991, with the "Utamakan Kesihatan" ("Prioritize Health") logo appearing at

1066-436: The end of their ads, most notably PSAs about AIDS . PSAs on road safety were produced by Ministry of Transport , particularly on accidents amongst motorcyclists and alcohol consumption amongst drivers. Some of their ads also using "Anda Mampu Mengubahnya" ("You Can Make a Difference") slogan and also using some of famous actors and actresses including the late Adibah Noor and Nabil Ahmad . Ministry of Science, Technology and

1107-596: The enemy. When the war started to wind down, Fetzer began asking for smaller and smaller budgets to run the office and began firing the 15,000 people employed by the office. When the war ended, he closed up shop and stored all the information in the basement of the National Archives. He said, "I'm convinced if we hadn't, the Office of Censorship would still be with us today, and I shudder to think how powerful it might be." Fetzer's own broadcasting empire grew during

1148-514: The form of moving pictures) were made before and during the Second World War years in both the UK and the US. In the UK, amateur actor Richard Massingham set up Public Relationship Films Ltd. in 1938 as a specialist agency for producing short educational films for the public. In the films, he typically played a bumbling character who was slightly more stupid than average and often explained

1189-492: The message of the film by demonstrating the risks if it were ignored. The films covered topics such as how to cross the road, how to prevent the spread of diseases, how to swim, and how to drive without causing the road to be unsafe for other users. During the war, he was commissioned by the UK Ministry of Information to produce films for the war effort. Massingham began to produce longer films, for both private companies and

1230-775: The network was Trackside at Ladbroke DRC . The Pro-Am Sports System ceased operations at 12:00 a.m. on November 1, 1997, following a public service announcement for the National Ski Hall of Fame in Ishpeming , a slide of the PASS logo was shown for two hours after the network formally shut down. In addition to Keating (who still works for Fox Sports Detroit), several other announcers and hosts that have worked for PASS moved over to Fox Sports Detroit, some of whom remain with that network to this day. John Fetzer John Earl Fetzer (March 25, 1901 – February 20, 1991)

1271-524: The remainder of the Tigers and Pistons contracts for the 1998 season and the contract of sportscaster John Keating to Fox Sports Detroit. Fox/Liberty Networks ultimately decided to accelerate the launch date of the new channel in time for the 1997–98 NHL season and 1998 Major League Baseball season , the respective seasons in which the Red Wings and Tigers contracts began. Post-Newsweek then announced that it would shut down PASS. The last program to air on

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1312-518: The school. The station became so popular that in 1923, it sought and received a full license under the calls KFGZ, operating it as a noncommercial full-service station for the St. Joseph Valley. The calls became WEMC in 1925. While at EMC, he met Rhea Yeager. They would stay married until his death, 65 years later. Fetzer toured Europe in the late 1920s, studying radio operations, and recalled being repulsed by government monopolies on radio there. He returned to

1353-593: The station's operations himself, serving as technician, engineer, announcer and salesman. In 1931, he moved the station to Kalamazoo because of his wife's area ties. Kalamazoo was also the last major city in Michigan without its own radio station. Later that year, the station signed on under new calls, WKZO , from studios in the Burdick Hotel. Mr. and Mrs. Fetzer worked side by side. She served as program director and secretary. He sold advertising and kept track of

1394-408: The team's games being shown on independent station WKBD-TV (channel 50). The Red Wings did not join PASS at launch, apparently after Red Wings owner Mike Ilitch —owner of Little Caesars Pizza —was frustrated that he had been bypassed as a buyer for the Tigers in favor of competitor Monaghan. In 1987, Fetzer sold PASS to Tigers owner Tom Monaghan, and in 1988, PASS became an early charter affiliate of

1435-528: The technology. He said of these early beginnings, "It was a mixture of pride, stubbornness and stupidity that kept me in the business. If I knew then what I know now about economics, I would have shut down." His innovations in radio led to the development of a directional antenna for broadcasting at night. This, in turn, led to a lawsuit by WOW in Omaha, Nebraska , which claimed the directional antenna would interfere with its signal if allowed. The case went through

1476-559: The title to Campbell in 1978. For residents of the northern Lower Peninsula and eastern Upper Peninsula , Fetzer's name was synonymous between 1958 and 1978 with ownership of WWTV in Cadillac and its satellite in Sault Sainte Marie, WWUP, as well as ownership of the Tigers. In the early 1980s he began to divest himself of his business holdings and sold the Tigers to Domino's Pizza founder and owner Tom Monaghan after

1517-734: The war and spread from Kalamazoo to Grand Rapids, Nebraska and Peoria. He formed the Fetzer Music Corporation and acquired the Muzak franchise for out-state Michigan in 1958. Inevitably, he would get into the new medium, television, and established Fetzer Cablevision, eventually, in Kalamazoo. That has since become Charter Communications providing cable television service to the Kalamazoo area. Fetzer purchased KOLN- AM - TV in Lincoln, Nebraska in 1953, and did something unique for

1558-541: The war, PIFs were used to educate the public on a broader range of issues. In the UK, they were produced for the Central Office of Information (COI), and again by private contractors, which were usually small film companies, such as Richard Taylor Cartoons . They were supplied to broadcasters free of charge for use at any time. Their utility as a cost-free means to fill the gaps in commercial breaks left by unsold advertising airtime has led to their regular usage since

1599-567: Was a series of animated PSAs that was made by Filem Negara Malaysia from 2008 till 2013 which is also commonly known as "Pak Abu PSAs" and was frequently shown in Malaysian TV channels. In 2021, the Malaysia Government produced a series of PSAs known as "Lindung Diri, Lindung Semua" ("Protect Yourself, Protect All"). The PSAs cover information about COVID-19 vaccines and the benefits of vaccination. The series also features

1640-476: Was an American radio and television executive who was best known as the part-owner of the Detroit Tigers from 1956 to 1961 and sole owner from 1961 through 1983. Under his ownership, the 1968 Tigers won the World Series . Born in 1901 in Decatur, Indiana , Fetzer moved with his mother to Lafayette, Indiana , after his father died when Fetzer was 2 years old. There, his brother-in-law, a telegraph operator for

1681-416: Was being treated for pneumonia. Radio : Television : Public service announcement A public service announcement ( PSA ) is a message in the public interest disseminated by the media without charge to raise public awareness and change behavior. Oftentimes these messages feature unsettling imagery, ideas or behaviors that are designed to startle or even scare the viewer into understanding

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