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70-446: The party in recent years had fully embraced the right. In the 2018 Brazilian general election , the party supported the candidacy of Geraldo Alckmin . After the election, although they remained neutral in the second round, the party has almost fully supported the policies of Jair Bolsonaro , supporting his candidacy for president in 2022 and voting with him 93% of the time. Founded in 1995, as Brazilian Progressive Party (PPB), by

140-560: A 2017 general strike and a 2018 truck drivers’ strike , Temer refused to step down and served the duration of his term in office. Due to being convicted of breaking campaign finance laws, Temer was ineligible to run in 2018. The candidacy of Jair Bolsonaro , a controversial federal deputy from Rio de Janeiro known for his far-right politics and defense of the former Brazilian military dictatorship , overshadowed other conservative candidates. Noted for his vehement opposition to abortion and same-sex marriage , Bolsonaro joined

210-465: A consensus when creating policies. Cash transfer programs had previously existed in the Cardoso administration - Bolsa Escola, Bolsa Alimentação, Auxílio Gás. Most of these early programs faced internal organization challenges. Bolsa Escola was superior to other programs because it applied to all citizens and both supported and was associated with education. During Lula's first administration, his goal

280-677: A conservative retired general in the Brazilian Army . During the campaign, Bolsonaro was the subject of widespread protests for his homophobic , racist , and misogynistic beliefs. Former Governor of São Paulo Geraldo Alckmin , who ran as a member of the previously dominant centre-right Brazilian Social Democracy Party (PSDB), received the worst result for a presidential nominee of his party in Brazilian history. Former President Lula da Silva , who left office in 2011 with high approval ratings, intended to run for president as

350-472: A large amount of blood, arriving at the hospital with a pressure of 10/3, but had since stabilized. Most of the other candidates in the presidential race as well as and the then-Brazilian president, Michel Temer , condemned the attack. After being stabbed, Bolsonaro did not attend any further debates. Two debates were held on 9 and 17 August, featuring eight presidential candidates: Bolsonaro, Alckmin, Silva, Gomes, Dias, Meirelles, Boulos, and Daciolo. Lula

420-531: A long problem in Brazil, and helps to dissociate the receipt of money from individual politicians or political parties. The names of every person enlisted in the program and the amount given to them can be found online at the Portal da Transparência , the program's website. Brazil has a strong federal system defined as the resource base of states, the power of governors, the articulation of subnational interests within

490-439: A lot for the needy population. What is more important is that it promotes a virtuous circle . If there is more money in circulation, the local market heats up, the purchasing power is increased and the effects spread throughout the whole economy. But only to give money is not enough.(...)" The program has clearly contributed to improvements in Brazil's fight against poverty, according to research promoted by some universities and

560-490: A reduction in suicide rates between 2004 and 2012 even when controlling for socio-economic, demographic and social welfare factors. It was also shown that the reduction in suicide rates increased when high coverage (equal to or greater than 70%) was maintained for multiple years. According to a 2023 study, 64% of the poor kids and teens (7 to 16 year-old) who were enrolled in Bolsa Familia back in 2005 had already left

630-509: A total of over US$ 20 billion per annum in state aid. In 2011, 26% of the Brazilian population were covered by the program. As of 2020, the program covered 13.8 million families and paid an average of $ 34 per month, in a country where the minimum wage is $ 190 per month. On 30 December 2021, Jair Bolsonaro sanctioned a new cash transfer program, called Auxílio Brasil , formally ending Bolsa Família. However, after Lula's reelection as president of Brazil in 2022, he declared that he would rename

700-475: A trip to Brazil in 2005, the former president of the World Bank , Paul Wolfowitz said, "Bolsa Familia has already become a highly praised model of effective social policy. Countries around the world are drawing lessons from Brazil’s experience and are trying to produce the same results for their own people." Certain sectors of the Brazilian society, both among the conservatives and the progressives, oppose

770-555: Is generally less in support of the military than the Liberal Party . However, in general, the party supports Bolsonarismo , and many of his cabinet members are members or have joined the party. 2018 Brazilian general election Michel Temer MDB Jair Bolsonaro PSL General elections were held in Brazil on 7 October 2018 to elect the president, National Congress and state governors . As no candidate in

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840-481: Is needed to pay for food. In a survey of Bolsa Familia recipients, 82.4% reported eating better; additionally, it was reported to increase the incomes of the poorer families by about 25%. Recipients of Bolsa Familia were found to have 6 percent higher food expenditure and 9.4% total energy availability than non-recipients. In 2018, it was found that an increase in the Bolsa Família coverage was associated with

910-500: Is reputed to have played a role in his victory in the general election of 2006 . Bolsa Família was the largest conditional cash transfer program in the world, though the Mexican Oportunidades was the first nationwide program of this kind. Bolsa Família has been mentioned as one factor contributing to the reduction of poverty in Brazil, which fell 27.7% during the first term in the administration of Lula. In 2006,

980-429: Is sad, agonizing to see Maluf's PP with PCdoB . It's all the same . " Its most well-known politicians are Paulo Maluf , mayor and governor of São Paulo for several terms, Esperidião Amin , former governor of Santa Catarina and senator, and Francisco Dornelles , former minister of Labour and senator for the state of Rio de Janeiro . The party has from its very beginning shown a tendency for regional division, with

1050-682: Is the current social welfare program of the Government of Brazil , part of the Fome Zero network of federal assistance programs. Bolsa Família provided financial aid to poor Brazilian families. In order to be eligible, families had to ensure that children attend school and get vaccinated . If they exceeded the total of permitted school absences, they were dropped from the program and their funds were suspended. The program attempted to both reduce short-term poverty by direct cash transfers and fight long-term poverty by increasing human capital among

1120-615: The Brazilian Democratic Movement Party , assumed her powers and duties as Acting President of Brazil during the suspension. On 31 August 2016, the Senate voted 61–20 in favor of impeachment, finding Rousseff guilty of breaking budgetary laws and removing her from office. Critics of the impeachment saw it as a legislative coup d'état. Vice President Temer succeeded Rousseff as the 37th President of Brazil . His government implemented policies that contradicted

1190-654: The Lei da Ficha Limpa and his conviction on corruption charges, but approved the PT-PCdoB-PROS coalition " The People Happy Again " and the candidacy of Fernando Haddad. The Workers' Party replaced Lula with Haddad and announced former presidential candidate Manuela d'Ávila as his running mate. Jair Bolsonaro was stabbed on 6 September 2018 while campaigning in the city of Juiz de Fora , Minas Gerais and interacting with supporters. Bolsonaro's son, Flávio , stated that his father's wounds were only superficial and he

1260-736: The Progressive Party . PP has also supported the Workers' Party-led government from 2003 to 2015. At the parliamentary elections, held in October 2006, the party won 42 of the 513 seats in the chamber of deputies, and it has one of the 81 seats in the Senate. At the 2010 elections, PP won 41 seats in the Chamber of Deputies, and made gains in the Senate for a total of five seats. It lost an extremely close gubernatorial runoff in Roraima to

1330-776: The candidacy of Geraldo Alckmin in 2018 , but did not endorse a candidate in the second round. After the election, the party joined a coalition with the Republicanos and the Liberal Party to support Jair Bolsonaro in government. Defunct The party has traditionally been, like many right-wing parties in Brazil, one of pragmatism and moderation, largely allying with larger left-wing parties. The party's main positions in Congress have been that of business interests supporting lower taxation , highlighing those proposals in accordance with other economic growth principles of

1400-494: The states and Federal District using majority block voting, with voters able to cast two votes each. All 513 members of the Chamber of Deputies (federal deputies) are elected, with candidates elected from 27 multi-member constituencies corresponding to the states and Federal District, varying in size from eight to 70 seats. The Chamber elections are held using open list proportional representation , with seats allocated using

1470-727: The Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). An ex ante econometric evaluation of Bolsa Escola found a significant increase in school attendance rates and decrease in the number of children involved in child labor . The World Bank, which provided a loan to assist the Brazilian government in managing the Bolsa Família Program, declares that "Although the program is relatively young, some results are already apparent: (...) contributions to improved education outcomes, and impacts on children’s growth, food consumption, and diet quality". A study by

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1540-536: The Brazilian National Congress, and the distribution of government across three levels of government. Hence, state governors are able to constrain the central government. This is allowed because of a weak, fragmented, institutionalized party system. Fragmentation makes it difficult for a non-consensual form to reach the central level, creating a policy challenge for national leaders. Fragmentation also makes it difficult for national leaders to reach

1610-734: The Center for Political Studies of the Getulio Vargas Foundation published a study showing that there was a sharp reduction in the number of people in poverty in Brazil between 2003 and 2005. Other factors included an improvement in the job market and real gains in the minimum wage . About twelve million Brazilian families received funds from Bolsa Família. The government cash transfer program in South Africa , for comparison, had 17.5 million individual beneficiaries in 2018 (over 75% of its labour force of 23 million) receiving

1680-656: The PSDB, and won no state governorships. In the 2010 elections , alliances between moderate and left-leaning parties took place in several places, such as in Bahia , where the PP was part of the PT candidate's coalition, having even nominated its vice governor.  About this type of coalition, the former mayor of São Paulo and former PT member Luísa Erundina declared, still in May 2010, that "It

1750-504: The President Fernando Henrique Cardoso federalized the program, increasing to attend approximately 8 million people. In 2003, Lula formed Bolsa Família by combining Bolsa Escola with Bolsa Alimentação and Cartão Alimentação and Auxílio Gas (a transfer to compensate for the end of federal gas subsidies), all part of Fernando Henrique Cardoso social program called "Rede de Proteção Social". This also meant

1820-473: The Scholarship management system To the family and identifying its target audience, as well as developing and monitoring a scientific method to evaluate the effects of the program, and strengthening the basic institutional aspects of its administration. The World Bank studies reveal that, although the program is very new, positive measurable results have already been recorded in the consumption of food, in

1890-457: The UNDP's International Policy Centre for Inclusive Growth found that over 80% of the Bolsa Familia benefits go to families in poverty (making under half the minimum wage per capita), thus most of the benefits go to the poor. Bolsa Familia was also found to have been responsible for about 20% of the drop in inequality in Brazil since 2001, which is welcome in one of the most unequal countries on

1960-597: The Vice President becomes Acting President for any reason, it counts toward the limit of two consecutive terms. This applies even when the Vice President becomes Acting President whenever the President is abroad. Voting in Brazil is allowed for citizens over 16 years of age and mandatory for those between 18 and 70 years of age. Those who do not vote in an election and do not later present an acceptable justification (such as being away from their voting location at

2030-644: The Vice-President is elected as a consequence of the election of the President. The Governors and Vice Governors of all states and of the Federal District are elected in the same way as the president, using two rounds of voting if necessary. In 2018, two-thirds of the 81 members of the Federal Senate were elected for a term of 8 years in office, the other third having been elected in 2014 . Two candidates will be elected from each of

2100-579: The ability to bypass state involvement, there are additional enabling factors such as the interaction of a non-majoritarian system of government and fiscal incentives for central-local collaborations. Because of these factors, Bolsa Família helped reduce hunger and poverty. The dynamic relationship between the federal center and municipalities enabled a direct relationship between citizens and the government. The hardening budget constraints put in place by Cardoso's administration to stabilize macroeconomic performance gave municipalities an incentive to collaborate with

2170-581: The candidate of the PT with former Mayor of São Paulo Fernando Haddad as his running-mate. Polling taken during the campaign found Lula as the favorite in both the first and second rounds of the election. However, Lula's 2017 conviction on corruption charges barred him from running. Haddad, who was largely unknown to Brazilian voters at the time, was chosen to run in his place, with Communist Party of Brazil (PCdoB) deputy Manuela d’Avila of Rio Grande do Sul serving as his running mate. His major opponent on

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2240-469: The central government. Their collaboration helps them meet their required percent that they are legally required to spend on social assistance. Municipalities that adhere to the program sign a covenant with the federal government, which guarantees the program's promotion and availability of public services. The federal center and municipalities’ abilities to collaborate with each other have facilitated Brazil's capability to build an effective welfare policy for

2310-410: The centre-right Brazilian Democratic Movement Party . Temer, whose age of 75 at inauguration made him the oldest to ever take office, broke sharply with his predecessor's policies and amended the constitution to freeze public spending. He was extraordinarily unpopular, reaching an approval rating of 7% versus 76% in favor of his resignation. Despite mass demonstrations against his governance, including

2380-457: The concept of money transfers to the poor: The Bolsa Família Program is far from being universally accepted by the Brazilian society. Among the various criticisms it receives, one of the most recurrent is the assertion that it could discourage the search for employment, encouraging laziness. Under this premise, many people would give up trying to find a job, content instead, to live on the Bolsa Família program. The World Bank , however, finds that

2450-573: The creation of a new Ministry – the Ministério do Desenvolvimento Social e Combate à Fome (Ministry for Social Development and Confronting Hunger). This merger reduced administrative costs and also eased bureaucratic complexity for both the families involved and the administration of the program. In October 2021, the program Auxílio Brasil was announced, with the purpose of replacing Bolsa Família and unify other cash transfer programs in Brazil. The new program will pay $ 71 to 17 million families until

2520-438: The end of 2022. On 30 December 2021, president Jair Bolsonaro sanctioned the new program, formally ending Bolsa Família. Programs employing various types of conditional cash transfer are social policies currently employed in many places in the world to fight and reduce poverty. In the short term, the aim is to mitigate the problems resulting from poverty. In the long term, the goal is to invest in human capital and interrupt

2590-454: The executive and legislative branches. The central government's ability to bypass twenty-seven powerful governors demonstrates that federalism in Brazil is a three-level game. In addition, state brokers cannot claim credit because it cuts out the intermediaries. Bolsa Família resolved intra-bureaucratic chaos by creating one program controlled by the national executive branch. It reduced administrative costs and facilitated user access. Aside from

2660-501: The family cash transfer program by 2019, contradicting previous criticism that the program's recipients would intentionally fail to find jobs in order to keep their monetary benefits. The "Project Family Grant" of the World Bank , inaugurated in June 2005, collaborates with the Bolsa Familia program, consolidating the various income transfer programs - previously dispersed - reducing their failures and duplication of coverage, strengthening

2730-538: The internet via radio waves, which allows the exchange of data with the Municipalities of more remote locations, even in that there is no electricity or telephone. Brazil is already exporting this technology that it has developed for similar income transfer programs. In August 2007, it signed a technical cooperation agreement with the Dominican Republic. The partnership includes the Brazilian aid in

2800-701: The left was Ciro Gomes , a mainstay of Brazilian politics who ran a centre-left campaign as a member of the Democratic Labour Party (PDT). Following Haddad's advancement to the second round, Ciro did not endorse his campaign, though he did signal opposition to Bolsonaro. The campaign was marked by political violence, with Bolsonaro being a victim of a stabbing attack at a campaign rally in Minas Gerais and supporters of both Haddad and Bolsonaro falling victim to politically-motivated attacks. Fake news spread on popular messaging app WhatsApp

2870-532: The left. When allied with the governments of Lula and Dilma, the party supported the Bolsa Familia program in confluence with tax cuts for economic growth. In more recent years, however, the party has become more stridently national conservative , representing the less religious and less populist conservatism that existed in Brazil before the election of Bolsonaro. The party supported greater economic nationalism than some of its coalition partners and

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2940-692: The modernization of the system of registrations of the families and the exchange of information between governmental instances. The students' presence in classes is monitored bimonthly by the MEC and the Ministry of Social Development and Fight against Hunger (MDS). A family that fails to comply with five consecutive times has its benefit permanently canceled. In 2006, Bolsa Familia is estimated to cost about 0.5% of Brazilian GDP and about 2.5% of total government expenditure . It will cover about 11.2 million families, or about 44 million Brazilians. The Bolsa Família

3010-494: The money is used, by families living in rural areas, to buy food. Data from 2014 to 2015 showed that 3.8% of the population (7.6 million people) still earns less than US$ 1 a day, and this is linked to malnutrition, that is still a problem in Brazil and responsible by 4.3 deaths per 100,000 people per year. A system of control and monitoring of the Bolsa Família Program was inaugurated in December 2006, which uses satellites and

3080-434: The overall vote are declared elected. If the 50% threshold is not met by any candidate, a second round of voting is held on the last Sunday in October (in this instance, 28 October 2018). In the second round, only the two most-voted candidates from the first round may participate. The winner of the second round is elected President of Brazil. Candidates for President run for office jointly with a candidate for Vice-President, and

3150-445: The planet. Research promoted by the World Bank shows a significant reduction in child labor exploitation among children benefited by the Bolsa Família program. One positive effect of the program which is not immediately apparent is that it makes a significant impact on the ability of the poorest families to eat. Children in public schools receive one free meal a day—two in the poorest areas—so less of their family's limited income

3220-507: The platform on which Rousseff's Workers Party had been elected, in one of the most controversial and heated political periods of modern Brazilian history. Temer was barred from running for a full term in 2018. He had been convicted of campaign law violations in 2016, and was banned from holding any political office for eight years. He was likely ineligible for a full term in any case due to the manner in which constitutional provisions on term limits are worded. The constitution stipulates that if

3290-477: The poor through conditional cash transfers . It also worked to give free education to children who couldn't afford to go to school, to show the importance of education. In 2008, The Economist described Bolsa Família as an "anti-poverty scheme invented in Latin America [which] is winning converts worldwide." The program was a centerpiece of former president Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva 's social policy and

3360-530: The poor. The existence of a power sharing logic in Brazil enabled a widespread means tested social program that was able to achieve success nationwide. Surveys conducted by the Federal Government among Bolsa Família's beneficiaries indicate that the money is spent, in order of priority, on food; school supplies; clothing; and shoes. A study conducted by The Federal University of Pernambuco , using sophisticated statistical methods, inferred that 87% of

3430-413: The powerful, Brazilian multi-billionaire Camargo Correa Group ), when asked in an interview if she agreed that Bolsa Família is just a form of charity, answered as follows: "I travel a lot around Brazil and see many places where the average monthly income is BRL 50 (approximately US$ 26.32). In these places the Bolsa Familia comes in and adds an extra BRL 58. It makes all the difference in the world and adds

3500-429: The presidential election received more than 50% of the vote in the first round, a runoff round was held on 28 October. The election occurred during a tumultuous time in Brazilian politics. Narrowly re-elected in 2014, President Dilma Rousseff of the centre-left Workers’ Party (PT), which had dominated Brazilian politics since 2002 , was impeached in 2016 . Replacing her was her Vice President , Michel Temer of

3570-479: The program back to Bolsa Família, putting an end to Auxílio Brasil. In 2023, the second version of the program is launched with the promise of financial transfers of at least 600 Brazilian Real. Bolsa Escola, a predecessor which was conditional only on school attendance, was pioneered in Brasilia by then-governor Cristovam Buarque . Not long after, other municipalities and states adopted similar programs. In 2001

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3640-566: The program does not discourage work, nor social advancement. To the contrary, says Bénédicte de la Brière, responsible for the program monitoring at the institution: Another criticism of the program is the fact that it is perceived by opponents of the currently ruling party as way to "buy" to votes of poor people, creating clientelism. Many Brazilians recognize that the Bolsa Família program has potential for reducing absolute poverty and to reduce inter-generational transmission of poverty. For one example among many, Renata de Camargo Nacimento (heir to

3710-602: The program gives the Basic Benefit $ 70 BRL per month. This money is given preferentially to a female head of household, through so-called Citizen Cards which are mailed to the family. This card operates like a debit card and is issued by the Caixa Econômica Federal , a government-owned savings bank (the second largest bank in the country). The money can be withdrawn in over 14,000 Caixa bank locations. This practice helps to reduce corruption ,

3780-469: The quality of the diet and in the growth of children. Kathy Lindert, head of the Bolsa Familia project team, lists a series of challenges that the Bolsa Família will have to face in the future, such as clear definition of objectives, monitoring and evaluation, to ensure that the program does not become an isolated island ", but is complemented by investments in education, health and infrastructure, helping families, in their words" to graduate "(i.e., to leave) of

3850-518: The right wing core of PP, such as taxes), while the section of Rio Grande do Sul once more show a defiant stance in aligning itself more often with the opposition. The Progressive Party supported the impeachment of Dilma Rousseff , splitting its alliance with the Worker's Party. This party was most affected by the Petrobras corruption scandal , damaging its national popularity. The party supported

3920-452: The section from Rio Grande do Sul state often threatening with secession, in part due to what is viewed by them as condescendence of the party's national direction towards members involved in corruption scandals, including Paulo Maluf (who has recently been discharged from his post as de facto leader of PP). The national orientation of the party has been one of close alliance with Lula's Workers' Party government (except on issues sensitive to

3990-720: The simple quotient. All members of the State Legislative Assemblies (state deputies) and of the Federal District Legislative Chamber (district deputies), varying in size from 24 to 94 seats, will be elected. These elections are also held using open list proportional representation , with seats allocated using the simple quotient. On 1 September, the Superior Electoral Court voted 6–1 to reject Lula's candidacy for what would be his third term based on

4060-452: The small Social Liberal Party (PSL) to mount his bid for the presidency, shifting the party's ideology in favor of social conservatism and nationalism . Bolsonaro benefited from opposition to the former PT government and ran in favor of expanding gun ownership in response to high crime , legalizing the death penalty , and the privatization of state-owned companies. For the position of Vice President, Bolsonaro chose Hamilton Mourão ,

4130-524: The time) must pay a fine of 3.51 BRL (equivalent to 0.90 USD in October 2018). Brazilian citizens residing abroad only vote for president. The President and the Vice President of Brazil are elected using the two-round system . Citizens may field their candidacies for the presidency, and participate in the general elections, which are held on the first Sunday in October (in this instance, 7 October 2018). Candidates receiving more than 50% of

4200-657: The transgenerational cycle of poverty (i.e. from one generation to another). Conditional cash transfer programs began to gain strength in 1997. At the time there were only three countries in the world with this experience: Bangladesh, Mexico and Brazil. Bolsa Família currently gives families with per-capita monthly income below $ 140 BRL (poverty line, ~US$ 28) a monthly stipend of $ 32 BRL (~US$ 6) per vaccinated child (< 16 years old) attending school (up to 5), and $ 38 BRL (~US$ 8) per youth (16 or 17 years old) attending school (up to 2). Furthermore, to families whose per-capita monthly income below $ 70 BRL (extreme poverty line, ~US$ 14),

4270-584: The union of: The party entered in coalition with the Brazilian Social Democracy Party and the Liberal Front Party , supporting President Fernando Henrique Cardoso in the 1998 Brazilian general election . In the 2002 general election , the party informally supported the candidacy of Ciro Gomes in the first round and formally supported José Serra in the second round. In 2003, the party re-changed its name to

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4340-461: The vote to less than 45% for Haddad. Bolsonaro took office on 1 January 2019 as President of Brazil. The 2014 elections saw Workers' Party candidate Dilma Rousseff reelected as President in the second round with 51.6% of the vote, defeating Aécio Neves of the Brazilian Social Democracy Party who received 48.4% of the vote. Rousseff had first been elected in the 2010 elections , succeeding her political mentor, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva , who

4410-412: Was a focal point of election coverage, with disinformation spread on the app being blamed for influencing voting intentions. In the first round of the election, Bolsonaro received approximately 46% of the vote to Haddad's 29%, with Ciro coming in third place with over 12% of the vote. In the second round, Bolsonaro defeated Haddad by approximately ten percentage points, with the deputy receiving over 55% of

4480-402: Was attacked on 6 September. After a debate on 9 September moderated by Maria Lydia Flândoli, Fernando Haddad participated in all remaining debates. These occurred on 20 September (moderated by Joyce Ribeiro), 26 September (moderated by Carlos Nascimento), 30 September (moderated by Adriana Araújo and Celso Freitas), and 4 October (moderated by William Bonner ). A vice presidential debate

4550-669: Was criticized by political opponents of President Lula for allegedly using the revenues of the CPMF tax (which was originally created under the pretext of financing the public health system during the Fernando Henrique Cardoso administration; the CPMF tax expired in December 2007, and was not renewed) for political and electoral purposes, to the detriment of the public health system that currently faces enormous difficulties. The reaction from multilateral institutions to Bolsa Família has generally been enthusiastic. During

4620-539: Was held on 5 September featuring four candidates; Fernando Haddad did not attend. While several debates were scheduled for the second round, none were held. Debates planned for 12 October, 14 October, and 15 October were cancelled due to Bolsonaro's health issues. A debate scheduled for 21 October was cancelled after the campaigns were unable to agree to terms. Bolsa Fam%C3%ADlia [REDACTED] [REDACTED] Bolsa Família ( Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈbowsɐ fɐˈmiʎɐ] , Family Allowance )

4690-433: Was in office from 2003 until 2011. However, on 3 December 2015, impeachment proceedings against Rousseff were officially accepted by the Chamber of Deputies . On 12 May 2016, the Federal Senate temporarily suspended Rousseff's powers and duties for up to six months or until the Senate reached a verdict: to remove her from office if found guilty or to acquit her from the crimes charged. Vice President Michel Temer , of

4760-436: Was recovering in hospital. Police arrested and identified the attacker as Adelio Bispo de Oliveira, who claimed that he was "ordered by God to carry out the attack". Flávio Bolsonaro later stated that the wounds inflicted seemed worse than initially thought. He tweeted about his father's condition, explaining that the perforation reached part of the liver, the lung and part of the intestine. He also stated that Bolsonaro had lost

4830-449: Was to create a social program to replace the three previously existing programs of Cardoso's government. He unified all prior programs to create one and provided a monetary amount per month that would allow households to rise above the poverty line. As a redistributive program, Bolsa Familia depends on central-local collaboration. Municipal governments act as the main agents of the federal government. Bolsa Família avoids negotiations between

4900-547: Was unable to participate in the debates. The 9 August debate was moderated by Ricardo Boechat , and the 17 August debate was moderated by Amanda Klein, Boris Casoy and Mariana Godoy. A debate scheduled for 27 August was canceled after Jair Bolsonaro expressed his uncertainty about participating in the debates and the Workers' Party insisted on the participation of Lula, prohibited by the Electoral Justice. Bolsonaro did not participate in further debates after he

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