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112-444: In film and television , production designer is the individual responsible for the overall aesthetic of the story. The production design gives the viewers a sense of the time period, the plot location, and character actions and feelings. Working directly with the director , cinematographer , and producer , production designers have a key creative role in the creation of motion pictures and television. The term production designer

224-548: A centralized basis from theaters rather than each theater chain collating their own numbers from other theater chains. The company later became National Gross Service then Entertainment Data, Inc. (EDI). Except for disclosures by the studios on very successful films, total domestic (U.S. and Canada) box office gross information for films was not readily available until National Gross Service started to collate this data around 1981. The collation of grosses led to wider reporting of domestic box office grosses for films. Arthur D. Murphy,

336-425: A folk song and directed by Vladimir Romashkov . Among the notable Russian filmmakers of the era were Aleksandr Khanzhonkov and Ivan Mozzhukhin , who made Defence of Sevastopol in 1912. Yakov Protazanov made Departure of a Grand Old Man (1912), a biographical film about Lev Tolstoy . Animation pioneer Ladislas Starevich made the first Russian animated film (and the first stop motion puppet film with

448-504: A former U.S. Navy lieutenant at Variety was one of the first to organize and chart that information and report it in a meaningful form. During the 1980s, Daily Variety started to publish a weekly chart of the domestic box office grosses of films collated from the studios as compared to the Top 50 chart in Variety which was based on a sample of theatre grosses from key markets. Gradually

560-472: A framework for the visual aesthetic of a project and work in partnership and collaboration with the Set Decorator & Set Decorating department to execute the desired look. Production design plays an essential role in storytelling, for instance, in the movie Titanic , when the characters Jack and Rose are in the cold water after the ship sank, we know that they are cold because of the setting: it

672-420: A list of films that had achieved or gave promise of earning $ 4,000,000 or more in domestic (U.S. and Canada) theatrical rentals . This became a leading source of data for a film's performance. Variety would publish an updated all-time list annually for over 50 years, normally in their anniversary edition each January. The anniversary edition would also normally contain the list of the top performing films of

784-598: A movie based on a popular musical play, was the first movie made and shown by Filipino filmmaker José Nepomuceno . Dubbed the "Father of Philippine Cinema," his work marked the start of cinema as an art form in the Philippines. The cinema of Bangladesh is the Bengali language film industry based in Dhaka , Bangladesh . The industry often has been a significant film industry since the early 1970s. The word "Dhollywood"

896-400: A profit, it is not correct to directly compare the box office gross with the production budget , because the movie theater keeps nearly half of the gross on average. The split varies from movie to movie, and the percentage for the distributor is generally higher in early weeks. Usually the distributor gets a percentage of the revenue after first deducting a "house allowance" or "house nut". It

1008-681: A revival of the Pakistan Film Industry in the early 2010s. Karachi , now the biggest production center of the Film Industry in Pakistan produces Urdu, English, and Sindhi language Pakistani movies. Lahore is the second big film producer now (mostly Punjabi movies) followed by Peshawar where mostly Pashto films are produced. Films are also being produced on a very small scale from Islamabad (Urdu and English movies) and Quetta (Balochi movies). Pakistani films are gaining market in

1120-548: A significant film industry for over a century. While film production reached an all-time high in 1936, the "golden age" of British cinema is usually thought to have occurred in the 1940s, during which the directors David Lean , Michael Powell , (with Emeric Pressburger ) and Carol Reed produced their most highly acclaimed work. Many British actors have achieved worldwide fame and critical success, such as Maggie Smith , Roger Moore , Michael Caine , Sean Connery , Daniel Day-Lewis , Gary Oldman , and Kate Winslet . Some of

1232-450: A story) in 1910 – Lucanus Cervus . His other stop-motion shorts The Beautiful Leukanida (1912) and The Cameraman's Revenge (1912), produced for Aleksandr Khanzhonkov, are also among the first animated films. In the following years, Starevich made shorts based on fables such as The Grasshopper and the Ant (1913), as well as World War I propaganda films. . The United Kingdom has had

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1344-462: A ticket office at an arena or a stadium . Box office business can be measured in terms of the number of tickets sold or the amount of money raised by ticket sales ( revenue ). The projection and analysis of these earnings is greatly important for the creative industries and often a source of interest for fans. This is predominant in the Hollywood movie industry . To determine if a movie made

1456-484: Is a Singapore -based company (close to Batam Island) which is owned by a consortium with 90 percent of it held by Indonesian businessman and film producer, Mike Wiluan. In 2010–2011, due to the substantial increase in value-added tax applied to foreign films, cinemas no longer had access to many foreign films, including Oscar-winning films. Foreign films include major box offices from the West and other major film producers of

1568-421: Is a place where tickets are sold to the public for admission to an event. Patrons may perform the transaction at a countertop , through a hole in a wall or window, or at a wicket . By extension, the term is frequently used, especially in the context of the film industry , as a metonym for the amount of business a particular production, such as a film or theatre show, receives. The term is also used to refer to

1680-468: Is a portmanteau of the words Dhaka and Hollywood . The dominant style of Bangladeshi cinema is Melodramatic cinema , which developed from 1947 to 1990 and characterizes most films to this day. Cinema was introduced in Bangladesh in 1898 by Bradford Bioscope Company, credited with having arranged the first film release in Bangladesh. Between 1913 and 1914, the first production company named Picture House

1792-537: Is almost as long as the history of cinematography , and it has universally recognized achievements, even though Polish films tend to be less commercially available than films from several other European nations. After World War II , the communist government built an auteur -based national cinema, trained hundreds of new directors, and empowered them to make films. Filmmakers like Roman Polański , Krzysztof Kieślowski , Agnieszka Holland , Andrzej Wajda , Andrzej Żuławski , Andrzej Munk , and Jerzy Skolimowski impacted

1904-579: Is also common that the distributor gets either a percentage of the gross revenue, or a higher percentage of the revenue after deducting the nut, whichever is larger. The distributor's share of the box office gross is often referred to as the "distributor rentals", especially for box office reporting of older films. Ceramic money boxes were used at the sixteenth-century Globe Theatre and Rose Theatre in London, where many examples have been found during archaeological investigations. They were possibly used by

2016-619: Is largely due to the commercial strength of domestic productions, which accounted for 44,5% of admissions in 2014 (35.5% in 2015; and 35.3% in 2016). In the mid-2000s, the French film industry was described as being "closer to being entirely self-sufficient than any other country in Europe, recovering around 80–90% of their budget in revenues generated from the domestic market". In 2018, French films had an international box office of €237m with 40 million admissions (down 52% from 2017), with Italy being

2128-562: Is mostly concentrated in Mumbai (Bombay), and it is commonly referred to as Bollywood , a portmanteau of Bombay and Hollywood. Telugu cinema is primarily concentrated in Hyderabad and is commonly referred to as Tollywood . The Tamil film industry i.e. Kollywood is mostly concentrated in Chennai . Besides the mainstream commercial movies, India also offers a different approach to cinema:

2240-485: Is mostly themed on romance, family drama, and action while Pashto cinema revolves around action and tribal feuds. Major Film Awards include Lux Style Awards , ARY Film Awards, Nigar Awards and National Film Awards. The cinema of Malaysia consists of feature films produced in Malaysia, shot in the languages English , Tamil , Malay , Mandarin and Cantonese . Box office A box office or ticket office

2352-410: Is nighttime and there is ice on their hair. A more specific example is The Wizard of Oz , in which we know the story takes place on a farm because of the bale of hay Dorothy leans on and the animals around, as well as the typical wooden fence. In the scene in which Dorothy's dog is taken away, we know that it happens in her aunt and uncle's house, which adds more tension because her beloved friend, Toto

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2464-404: Is not killed, lost or kidnapped on the street, but is forced to leave by an outsider, Ms. Gulch, who enters Dorothy's private and safe zone (her home). Jane Barnwell states that the place the characters exist in gives information about them and enhances the fluency of the narrative (175). Imagine Dorothy's home was dirty and everyone in her house were dressed untidily, the viewer would have supported

2576-408: Is now also used. In particular, the weekend box office for the initial week of release, or opening weekend, is often widely reported. (See List of highest-grossing openings for films .) Theaters is the number of theaters in which the movie is showing. Since a single theater may show a movie on multiple screens, the total number of screens or engagements is used as another measure. The theaters measure

2688-467: Is often incomplete due to the way box office reporting evolved, especially in the U.S., and the availability of information prior to the introduction of the internet. Variety started reporting box office results by theatre on March 3, 1922, to give exhibitors around the country information on a film's performance on Broadway, which was often where first run showings of a film were held. In addition to New York City, they also endeavoured to include all of

2800-782: Is the main annual national film award in Russia. The first films seen in the Russian Empire were brought in by the Lumière brothers , who exhibited films in Moscow and St. Petersburg in May 1896. That same month, Lumière cameraman Camille Cerf made the first film in Russia, recording the coronation of Nicholas II at the Kremlin . Aleksandr Drankov produced the first Russian narrative film Stenka Razin (1908), based on events told in

2912-486: Is to not let the viewer notice these elements, which, however, is how production design works. Jon Boorstin states in his book, Making Movies Work Thinking Like a Filmmaker , that the background, the camera motion or even the sound effect is considered well-done if the viewer does not notice their appearance. In the United States and British Columbia , production designers are represented by several local unions of

3024-413: Is used to classify whether a film is in wide release , meaning at least 600 theaters, or limited release which is less than 600 theaters. Occasionally, a film may achieve wide release after an initial limited release; Little Miss Sunshine is an example of this. Gross refers to gross earnings. On average, the movie's distributor receives a little more than half of the final gross (often referred to as

3136-662: The American Film Institute , LA Film School , and NYFA being established in the area. However, four of the six major film studios are owned by East Coast companies. The major film studios of Hollywood including Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer , 20th Century Fox , and Paramount Pictures are the primary source of the most commercially successful movies in the world , including movies such as The Sound of Music (1965), Star Wars (1977), Titanic (1997), and Avatar (2009). American film studios today collectively generate several hundred films every year, making

3248-702: The Egyptian Arabic dialect. Since 1976, Cairo has held the annual Cairo International Film Festival (CIFF), which is accredited by the International Federation of Film Producers Association. In 1996, the Egyptian Media Production City (EMPC) was inaugurated in 6th of October City south of Cairo, although by 2001, only one of the 29 planned studios was operational. Censorship, formerly an obstacle to freedom of expression, has decreased remarkably by 2012, when

3360-751: The International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees (IATSE). Local 800, the Art Directors Guild , represents production designers in the U.S., with the exception of New York City and its vicinity. Those members are represented by Local 829, the United Scenic Artists . In the rest of Canada, production designers are represented by the Directors Guild of Canada . In the United Kingdom, members of

3472-543: The coronavirus pandemic . Only drive-in theaters , which are typically not included in box office reporting, remained open. The average ticket price (ATP) is the average cost to purchase a film ticket at the box office in any given year. According to the UNESCO Institute for Statistics , the ATP is "calculated as the total revenues generated from tickets sales divided by the number of feature film tickets sold during

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3584-654: The greatest foreign-language film of all time in BBC 's 2018 poll of 209 critics in 43 countries. Japan has won the Academy Award for the Best Foreign Language Film four times ( Rashomon , Gate of Hell , Samurai I: Musashi Miyamoto , and Departures ), more than any other Asian country. . A limited number of silent films were made in Egypt beginning in 1896; 1927's Laila was notable as

3696-514: The parallel cinema . The parallel cinema movement originated in West Bengal around the 1950s. The movement was initially led by Bengali cinema . It later gained prominence in other film industries in India. Parallel cinema is a blanket term designated to a certain type of films that stray away from the conventions of popular mainstream cinema. Parallel cinema has assumed various forms throughout

3808-532: The visual effects supervisor , have worked on the films The Dark Knight (2008) and Gravity (2013), with new techniques involved in Gravity taking three years to complete. France is the birthplace of cinema and was responsible for many of its significant contributions to the art form and the film-making process itself. Several important cinematic movements, including the Nouvelle Vague , began in

3920-430: The "gatherer" at the entrance to the theatres, who collected the admission money. There is disagreement, however, around whether the term originates from this time, as the objects could have been carried by the many snack-sellers attending the audiences; they too needed a convenient and secure way to collect their customers' cash. There is no record of the term being used until the eighteenth century. The term "box office"

4032-479: The 1930s, BoxOffice magazine published a Barometer issue in January, which reported the performance of movies for the year expressed as percentages. In 1946, Variety started to publish a weekly National Box Office survey on page 3 indicating the performance of the week's hits and flops based on the box office results of 25 key U.S. cities. Later in 1946, Variety published a list of All-Time Top Grossers with

4144-469: The Egyptian cinema had begun to tackle boldly issues ranging from sexual issues to heavy government criticism. The 1940s, 1950s, and 1960s are generally considered the golden age of Egyptian cinema. As in the West, films responded to the popular imagination, with most falling into predictable genres (happy endings being the norm), and many actors making careers out of playing strongly typed parts. In

4256-574: The Friday grosses sourced from Exhibitor Relations so that they were publicly available for free online on Saturdays and posted the Sunday estimates on Sundays. In July 2008, Box Office Mojo was purchased by Amazon.com through its subsidiary , IMDb . Rentrak started tracking box office data from point of sale in 2001 and started to rival EDI in providing the studios with data. In December 2009, Rentrak acquired Nielsen EDI for $ 15 million, and became

4368-507: The Middle East .: The Turkish film market stands out in the pan-European landscape as the only market where national films regularly outperform US films. In 2013, it had 1.2 million number of admissions and 87 feature films were released. Between 2004 and 2014, the estimated 12.9 million admissions generated on non-national European markets only accounted for 7% of total admissions to Turkish films in Europe (including Turkey). This

4480-617: The North American ticket sales by dividing the domestic box office gross by the average ticket price (ATP) of a given year, a method that Box Office India uses to estimate Indian footfalls (ticket sales). See List of films by box office admissions for the films with the highest known estimated ticket sales. For lists of films which are major box-office hits, see List of highest-grossing films , List of films by box office admissions and Lists of highest-grossing films . Films that are considered to have been very unsuccessful at

4592-706: The Oscars' for the best documentary film, these are, Saving Face (2012) and A Girl in the River (2016). Pakistani movies especially Urdu movies revolve around family drama, romance, love stories, comedy, thriller, social matters, and political issues. In the contemporary era some Pakistani films have gained international acclaim, these include, Khuda Kay Liye (In the name of God), Bol , Verna, Zinda Bhaag, Load-Wedding, Wrong No. , Cake, Teefa in Trouble , Lal Kabootar, Mah-e-Meer, Moor, The Legend of Maula Jatt . Punjabi cinema

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4704-578: The Rings movie, plus the Tim Burton version of Alice in Wonderland (2010), and more than half of the top twenty most financially successful films had a substantial British dimension. British influence can also be seen with the 'English Cycle' of Disney animated films, which include Alice in Wonderland (1951), Peter Pan (1953), One Hundred and One Dalmatians (1961), The Sword in

4816-667: The Russian language. The popular term Mollywood is a portmanteau of " Moscow " and " Hollywood ". It began in the Russian Empire , widely developed in the Soviet Union , and the years following its dissolution . The Russian film industry would remain internationally recognized. In the 21st century, Russian cinema has become known internationally with films such as Hardcore Henry (2015), Leviathan (2014), Night Watch (2004) and Brother (1997). The Moscow International Film Festival began in Moscow during 1935. The Nika Award

4928-570: The Stone (1963), and The Jungle Book (1967). Disney first became interested in live-action films as a means of using financial reserves which had built up in Britain, and could not be repatriated owing to exchange controls, by making two films from Scottish and English sources. These were Treasure Island (1950) and The Story of Robin Hood and His Merrie Men (1952), which were both successes at

5040-483: The U.S. and Canada with US$ 11.4 billion , and Europe, the Middle East and North Africa with US$ 10.3 billion . As of 2019 , the largest markets by box office were, in decreasing order, the United States, China , Japan , South Korea , the United Kingdom , France , and India . As of 2019 , the countries with the largest number of film productions were India , and the United States. In Europe, significant centers of movie production are France, Germany, Spain, Italy, and

5152-476: The UK, moved into Germany in 1993 and Spain in 1995 reporting box office data for those markets. EDI were acquired by ACNielsen Corporation in 1997 for $ 26 million and became Nielsen EDI. By the 1990s, Daily Variety started to report studio's weekend estimates from Sundays on Monday mornings which led to other media reporting the data earlier. When Entertainment Weekly was launched in 1990 it started to publish

5264-476: The United Kingdom. The cinema of China is one of three distinct historical threads of Chinese-language cinema together with the cinema of Hong Kong and the cinema of Taiwan . Cinema was introduced in China in 1896 and the first Chinese film, Dingjun Mountain , was made in 1905, with the film industry being centered on Shanghai in the first decades. China is the home of one of the largest film studios in

5376-402: The United States and Canada, and foreign which includes all other countries. Weekly box office figures are now normally taken to be from Friday through Thursday to allow for the fact that most films are officially released in the United States on a Friday. With Variety being published for many years every Wednesday, most weekly box office figures they reported from the 1920s to the 1990s were for

5488-758: The United States one of the most prolific producers of films in the world. And while Sony Pictures Entertainment is headquartered in Culver City, California, its parent company, the Sony Corporation , is headquartered in Tokyo , Japan. Most shooting now takes place in California , New York , Louisiana , Georgia and North Carolina . New Mexico , especially in the Albuquerque and Santa Fe areas, had been an increasingly popular state for filming;

5600-501: The art department are represented by the non-union British Film Designers Guild . The production design credit must be requested by a film's producer, prior to completion of photography, and submitted to the Art Directors Guild Board of Directors for the credit approval. Film industry In 2019, the global box office was worth $ 42.2 billion . When including box office and home entertainment revenue,

5712-416: The box office are called box-office bombs or box office flops. For a list of these films, see List of biggest box-office bombs . Inflation Adjustment There are two main methods of box office inflation. First, used by boxofficemojo and comscore, To adjust it for inflation (or see what it might have made in the past), the estimated number of tickets sold is multiplied by the average ticket price of

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5824-647: The box office with just over EUR 200 million as Europe's eight largest box office market ahead of Sweden and Switzerland with a clear gap to the top 6 markets all of which registered GBO between EUR 504 million (Spain) up to over EUR 1 billion in France, the UK , Germany and the Russian Federation . Cinema going is comparatively cheap in Turkey. In 2013 a cinema ticket cost an average of EUR 4.0 in Turkey, and this

5936-565: The box office. The studio continued to draw on British source material for its animated films after Walt Disney died in 1967, with the cartoon feature films Robin Hood (1973), The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh and The Rescuers (both 1977), one of many Disney to draw on A. A. Milne 's characters. In the 1970s and 1980s, British studios established a reputation for great special effects in films such as Superman (1978), Alien (1979), and Batman (1989). Some of this reputation

6048-532: The complexity of Polish history during World War II and German occupation. Among the most important topics were the generation of former Home Army soldiers and their role in post-war Poland and the national tragedies like the German concentration camps and the Warsaw Uprising . The political changes allowed the group to speak more openly about the recent history of Poland. However, the rule of censorship

6160-575: The country. It is noted for having a particularly strong film industry, due in part to protections afforded by the French government . French cinema is sometimes intertwined with the cinema of foreign nations. Directors from nations such as Poland ( Roman Polanski , Krzysztof Kieślowski , and Andrzej Żuławski ), Argentina ( Gaspar Noé and Edgardo Cozarinsky ), Russia ( Alexandre Alexeieff , Anatole Litvak ), Austria ( Michael Haneke ), and Georgia ( Géla Babluani , Otar Iosseliani ) are prominent in

6272-487: The development of Polish film-making. In more recent years, the industry has been producer-led with finance being the key to a film being made, and with many independent filmmakers of all genres, Polish productions tend to be more inspired by American film . The Polish Film School was under the heavy influence of Italian neorealists . It took advantage of the liberal changes in Poland after 1956 Polish October to portray

6384-451: The domestic market but also in the international markets, with Dangal having an overseas gross revenue of $ 260 million, Secret Superstar and Bajrangi Bhaijaan making a gross revenue of $ 80.4 million, and Baahubali: The Beginning and Baahubali 2: The Conclusion (a blockbuster duology from Telugu cinema ) grossing over $ 370 million globally. In India, they have over 400 production houses with 32 corporate houses; also supporting

6496-426: The extremely profitable works of comedian Mohamed Saad , battle to hold audiences either drawn to Western films or, increasingly, wary of the perceived immorality of film. The term cinema of Korea (or Korean cinema) encompasses the motion picture industries of North and South Korea . As with all aspects of Korean life during the past century, the film industry has often been at the mercy of political events, from

6608-643: The feature films shot in Pakistan are in Urdu , the national language, but may also include films in English, the official language, and regional languages such as Punjabi , Pashto , Balochi , and Sindhi . Lahore has been described as the epicenter of Pakistani cinema, giving rise to the term " Lollywood " as a portmanteau of Lahore and Hollywood. Before the separation of Bangladesh, Pakistan had three main film production centers: Lahore , Karachi and Dhaka . The regime of Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq , VCRs , film piracy ,

6720-538: The films with the largest-ever box-office returns have been made in the United Kingdom, including the third- and fourth- highest-grossing film series ( Harry Potter and James Bond ). The first moving picture was shot in Leeds by Louis Le Prince in 1888, and the first moving pictures developed on celluloid film were made in Hyde Park, London , in 1889 by British inventor William Friese Greene , who patented

6832-635: The first digital cinema projection in Europe, with the DLP CINEMA technology developed by Texas Instruments , in Paris. Paris also boasts the Cité du cinéma, a major studio north of the city, and Disney Studio, a theme park devoted to the cinema and the third theme park near the city behind Disneyland and Parc Asterix. In 2015, France saw a record-breaking 300 feature-length films produced. US and UK films only represented 44.9% of total admissions in 2014. This

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6944-598: The first moving pictures to the country on August 31, 1897, at the Salón de Pertierra in Manila . The following year, local scenes were shot on film for the first time by a Spaniard, Antonio Ramos, using the Lumiere Cinematograph . While most early filmmakers and producers in the country were mostly wealthy enterprising foreigners and expatriates , on September 12, 1919, Dalagang Bukid (Country Maiden) ,

7056-458: The first foreign cameramen arrived. In a Sight & Sound list of the best films produced in Asia , Japanese works made up eight of the top 12, with Tokyo Story (1953) ranked number one. Tokyo Story also topped the 2012 Sight & Sound directors' poll of The Top 50 Greatest Films of All Time , dethroning Citizen Kane , while Akira Kurosawa 's Seven Samurai (1954) was voted

7168-596: The first full-length feature. Cairo 's film industry became a regional force with the coming of sound. Between 1930 and 1936, various small studios produced at least 44 feature films. In 1936, Studio Misr , financed by industrialist Talaat Harb , emerged as the leading Egyptian equivalent to Hollywood's major studios, a role the company retained for three decades. Of the more than 4,000 short and feature-length films made in MENA region since 1908, more than three-quarters were Egyptian films. Egyptian films are typically spoken in

7280-684: The first half of the 1990s were the golden years for Bangladeshi films as the industry produced many successful films. The Face and the Mask , the first Bengali language full-length feature film was produced in 1956. Matir Moina , a 2002 film by Tarek Masud , became the first Bangladeshi film to be honored at Cannes Film Festival The biggest film studios in Southeast Asia has been soft opened on 5 November 2011 on 10 hectares of land in Nongsa, Batam Island , Indonesia . Infinite Frameworks (IFW)

7392-523: The focus of a film's performance became its box office gross rather than the rentals that Variety continued to report annually. Prior to the tracking of these grosses, domestic or worldwide box office grosses is not available for many earlier films so the only domestic or worldwide data available is still often the rental figures. Murphy started to publish Art Murphy's Box Office Register annually from 1984 detailing U.S. box office grosses. In 1984, EDI started to report Canadian grosses as well and by 1985

7504-442: The global box office's biggest market. The cinema of the United States , often generally referred to as Hollywood, has had a profound effect on cinema across the world since the early 20th century. The United States cinema (Hollywood) is the oldest film industry in the world and also the largest film industry in terms of revenue. Hollywood is the primary nexus of the U.S. film industry with established film study facilities such as

7616-496: The global film industry was worth $ 136 billion in 2018. Hollywood is the world's oldest national film industry, and largest in terms of box-office gross revenue. Indian cinema is the largest national film industry in terms of the number of films produced, with 2,446 feature films produced annually as of 2019 . The worldwide theatrical market had a box office of US$ 42.2 billion in 2019. The top three continents/regions by box-office gross were Asia-Pacific with US$ 17.8 billion ,

7728-588: The introduction of entertainment taxes, strict laws based upon ultra-conservative jurisprudence, was an obstacle to the industry's growth. Once thriving, the cinema in Pakistan had a sudden collapse in the 1980s and by the 2000s "an industry that once produced an average of 80 films annually was now struggling to even churn out few movies." However, the boom in the Television Industry in Karachi which gave rise to bigger privately owned media houses led to

7840-479: The key cities in the U.S. in future and initially also reported results for 10 other cities including Chicago and Los Angeles. In 1929, the first issue of The Motion Picture Almanac was released and included a list of the top 104 grossing films for the past year. In 1932, Variety published the studios' top-grossing films of the year and has maintained this tradition annually since. In 1937, BoxOffice magazine]began publishing box office reports. Beginning in

7952-603: The largest producer of films in the world, India also has the largest number of admissions. Indian film industry is multi-lingual and the largest in the world in terms of ticket sales but 3rd-largest in terms of revenue, mainly due to having among the lowest ticket prices in the world. The industry is viewed mainly by a vast film-going Indian public. Indian film industry is also the dominant source of films and entertainment in its neighboring countries of South Asia . The three largest film industries in India are Hindi cinema , Telugu cinema and Tamil cinema . The Hindi film industry

8064-575: The late Joseon dynasty to the Korean War to domestic governmental interference. While both countries have relatively robust film industries today , only South Korean films have achieved wide international acclaim. North Korean films tend to portray their communist or revolutionary themes. South Korean films enjoyed a "Golden age" during the late 1950s and 1960s. By 2005 South Korea had become one of few nations to watch more domestic than imported films in theaters due largely to laws placing limits on

8176-590: The livelihood of more than 6 million people. The other largest film industries are Malayalam cinema , Kannada cinema , Bengali cinema ( cinema of West Bengal ) and Marathi cinema , primarily located in Kochi , Bengaluru , Kolkata , and Mumbai , respectively. The remaining majority portion are spread across northern, eastern, western, and southern India (with Gujarati , Punjabi , Odia , Bhojpuri , Assamese Cinema ). However, there are several smaller centers of Indian film industries in regional languages centered in

8288-406: The local circuit and international markets like Gulf countries, UK-Europe, US-North America, and Far-East. Many Pakistani movies made their ways to Oscars' foreign language film category i.e. The Day Shall Dawn (1959), The Veil (Ghoonghat) (1963), Zinda Bhaag (2013), Dukhtar (2014), Moor (2015), Mah-e-Mir (2016), Saawan (2017), Cake (2018), Lal Kabootar (2019). Two Pakistani documentary films won

8400-463: The movement tend to underline the role of the individual as opposed to collectivity. There were two trends within the movement: young directors such as Andrzej Wajda generally studied the idea of heroism, while another group (the most notable being Andrzej Munk ) analyzed the Polish character via irony, humor, and dissection of national myths. Cinema of the Philippines began with the introduction of

8512-424: The number of foreign films able to be shown per theater per year. In the theaters, Korean films must be played for 73 days per year since 2006. On cable TV 25% domestic film quota will be reduced to 20% after KOR-US FTA. The cinema of South Korea had a total box office gross in the country in 2015 of ₩ 884 billion and had 113,000,000 admissions, 52% of the total admissions. The history of Cinema of Poland

8624-454: The number of tickets sold at the box office. In countries such as France, box office reporting was historically reported in terms of admissions, with rules regulated by the government and fines issued if exhibitors failed to report the data. Other countries which historically reported box office figures in terms of admissions include European countries such as Germany, Italy, and Spain, the Soviet Union , and South Korea. Box Office Mojo estimates

8736-489: The outsider instead, perhaps thinking that the outsider in a way, rescued the dog from an unhealthy environment. Additionally, the characters' clothing, especially that of Ms. Gulch, makes the description "own half the county" more reliable in portraying Ms. Gulch, and also supports the reason why Dorothy cannot rebel against Ms. Gulch by making the dog stay. However, this does not mean that the setting or costume should be extremely detailed and cluttered with information. The goal

8848-664: The process in 1890. Two of the top eight- highest-grossing films worldwide of all time have some British historical, cultural or creative dimensions: Titanic (1997), Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 (2011), The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003), and Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest (2005). Adding four more Harry Potter films and one more Lord of

8960-624: The ranks of French cinema. Conversely, some French directors have had careers in other countries, such as Luc Besson , Jacques Tourneur , or Francis Veber in the United States . Another element supporting this fact is that Paris has the highest density of cinemas in the world, measured by the number of movie theaters per inhabitant, and that in most "downtown Paris" movie theaters, foreign movies which would be secluded to "art houses" cinemas in other places are shown alongside "mainstream" works. Philippe Binant realized, on 2 February 2000,

9072-412: The rentals) with the remainder going to the exhibitor (i.e., movie theater). Multiple is the ratio of a film's total gross to that of the opening weekend. A film that earns $ 20 million on its opening weekend and finishes with $ 80 million has a multiple of 4. From 2004 to 2014, films viewers graded as A+ on CinemaScore had a 4.8 multiple, while films graded as F had a 2.2 multiple. Admissions refers to

9184-569: The rest of the regional film industries constitute 21% of Indian cinema. By 2021, Telugu Cinema (Tollywood) has overtaken both Hindi cinema (Bollywood) and Tamil cinema (Kollywood), emerged as the largest film industry in India in terms of box-office. In 2023, Bollywood again emerged as the largest film industry in India. The cinema of Russia, popularly known as Mollywood , refers to the film industry in Russia , engaged in producing motion pictures in

9296-634: The selected year. Second, Using CPI of respective country. Both methods have some flaws. I first, content of movies change over time, then number of ticket sold may increase or decreas. In second, ATP of movies increased exponentially in 1990s but CPI increased slower than ATP. A third method is also available, In which we can use APT of movies as CPI and adjust box office. There are numerous websites that monitor box-office receipts, such as BoxOffice , Box Office Mojo , The Numbers , Box Office India , and ShowBIZ Data . These sites provide box office information for hundreds of movies. Data for older movies

9408-539: The sole provider of worldwide box office ticket sales revenue and attendance information which is used by many of the websites noted above. On October 23, 2019, Box Office Mojo unveiled a dramatic redesign resembling IMDb, and was rebranded as "Box Office Mojo by IMDbPro" with some of the content move to the subscription based IMDbPro. US box office reporting largely paused for the first time in 26 years in March 2020, as nearly all theaters nationwide were closed because of

9520-748: The states where those languages are spoken. Indian cinema encloses several several artforms like Indian classical music, folk music of different regions throughout the country, Indian classical dance, folk dance, and much more. Bollywood, Kollywood and Tollywood forms the largest portion of the Indian film industry and is viewed all over the Indian Subcontinent , and is increasingly popular in Australia, UK, United States, New Zealand, Southeast Asia , Africa , Gulf countries , European countries , East Asia and China. The largest film studio complex in

9632-733: The television show Breaking Bad was set there, and movies such as No Country for Old Men and Rust were shot there. Between 2009 and 2015, Hollywood consistently grossed $ 10 billion (or more) annually. Hollywood's award ceremony, the Academy Awards , officially known as The Oscars, is held by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) every year and as of 2019, more than 3,000 Oscars have been awarded. On 27 October 1911, Nestor Film Company established Hollywood's first permanent film studio. The California weather allowed for year-round filming. In 1912, Universal Studios

9744-569: The top 10 box office weekend lists from Exhibitor Relations and the company was also supplying box office data to companies such as the Los Angeles Times , CNN and the Associated Press . In 1994, Variety published their first annual global box office chart showing the top 100 grossing films internationally for the prior year. On August 7, 1998, Box Office Mojo was launched by Brandon Gray and in 1999 he started posting

9856-464: The top foreign market. The cinema of Iran ( Persian : سینمای ایران ) or cinema of Persia refers to the cinema and film industries in Iran which produce a variety of commercial films annually. Iranian art films have garnered international fame and now enjoy a global following. Along with China, Iran has been lauded as one of the best exporters of cinema in the 1990s. Some critics now rank Iran as

9968-434: The visuals, which is done by concept artists , graphic designers , set designers , costume designers , lighting designers , etc. The production designer and the art director lead a team of individuals to assist with the visual component of the film. Depending on the size of the production the rest of the team can include runners, graphic designers , drafts people, props makers, and set builders. Productions Designers create

10080-402: The week from Thursday to Wednesday. A large component of the weekly gross is the weekend box office. Historically, this was reported as the box office receipts around Friday through Sunday plus any public holidays close to the weekend, such as a 4-day Memorial Day weekend, however, with the increased regularity of reporting of box office figures, a comparable 3-day figure for the Friday to Sunday

10192-469: The words of one critic, "If an Egyptian film intended for popular audiences lacked any of these prerequisites, it constituted a betrayal of the unwritten contract with the spectator, the results of which would manifest themselves in the box office." Since the 1990s, Egypt's cinema has gone in separate directions. Smaller art films attract some international attention but sparse attendance at home. Popular films, often broad comedies such as What A Lie! , and

10304-490: The world is Ramoji Film City located at Hyderabad , India, which opened in 1996 and measures 674 ha (1,666 acres). Comprising 47 sound stages, it has permanent sets ranging from railway stations to temples. By 1986, India's annual film output had increased from 741 films produced annually to 833 films, making India the world's largest film producer. As of 2014 , Bollywood represents 45% of Indian net box office revenue, while Tamil and Telugu cinemas together represent 36%, and

10416-448: The world's most important national cinema, artistically, with a significance that invites comparison to Italian neorealism and similar movements in past decades. German filmmaker Werner Herzog has praised Iranian cinema as one of the world's most important artistic cinemas. It is notable, that Iran has won 2 Academy Awards and has been nominated 3 times, which is ranked 11th in the world cinema, second in Asia after Japan, and first in

10528-537: The world, the Hengdian World Studios , and in 2010 it had the third largest film industry by number of feature films produced annually. For the next decade, the production companies were mainly foreign-owned, and the domestic film industry was centered on Shanghai, a thriving entrepot and the largest city in the Far East . In 1913, the first independent Chinese screenplay , The Difficult Couple ,

10640-490: The world. This caused a massive ripple effect on the country's economy. It is assumed that this increased the purchase of unlicensed DVDs. However, even copyright-violating DVDs took longer to obtain. The minimum cost to view a foreign film not screened locally was 1 million Rupiah. This was equivalent to US$ 100, as it includes a plane ticket to Singapore. The cinema of Pakistan , or simply Pakistani cinema ( Urdu : پاکستانی سنیما ), refers to Pakistan 's film industry. Most of

10752-417: The year of reference." Box-office figures are reported in the form of either gross receipts or distributor rentals, the latter being especially true of older films. Commonly mistaken for home video revenue, the rentals are the distributor's share of the film's theatrical revenue i.e. the box office gross less the exhibitor's cut. Historically, the rental price averaged at 30–40% when the distributors owned

10864-430: The year. In the late 1960s, Variety used an IBM 360 computer to collate the grosses from their weekly reports of 22 to 24 U.S. cities from January 1, 1968. The data came from up to 800 theatres which represented around 5% of the U.S. cinema population at the time but around one-third of the total U.S. box office grosses. In 1969, Variety started to publish a list of the top 50 grossing films each week. The Love Bug

10976-616: The years. Filmmakers associated with parallel cinema are Satyajit Ray , Mrinal Sen , Ritwik Ghatak . Parallel films are characterized by their rejection of popular forms like the songs and fight sequences, their affinity for rural settings, their use of method actors, and toned-down color palettes. The best examples of parallel cinema are the most famous films of Ray – Pather Panchali (1955), Aparajito (1956), and The World of Apu (1959) – which formed The Apu Trilogy . Some other examples of such movies are Raincoat , Dhobi Ghat , Mithya . Indian films have garnered popularity not only in

11088-487: Was a surprise addition and Golden Lion winner of the 2006 Venice International Film Festival. Still Life , which concerns provincial workers around the Three Gorges region, sharply contrasts with the works of Fifth Generation Chinese directors like Zhang Yimou and Chen Kaige who were at the time producing House of Flying Daggers (2004) and The Promise (2005). It featured no star of international renown and

11200-413: Was acted mostly by non-professionals. In 2012 the country became the second-largest market in the world by box office receipts. In 2014, the gross box office in China was ¥ 29.6 billion ( US$ 4.82 billion), with domestic films having a share of 55%. China has also become a major hub of business for Hollywood studios. In 2018, China's gross box office was US$ 8.9 Billion In 2013, China's gross box office

11312-719: Was being used from at least 1741, deriving from the office from which tickets for theatre boxes were sold (although the use of "box" for a private section from which to watch the play was in use in 1609); this is the derivation favoured by the Oxford English Dictionary . Total ticket sales were being termed box office from at least 1904. The following is film industry specific terminology used by box office reporters such as Variety and Box Office Mojo . For films released in North America, box office figures are usually divided between domestic, meaning

11424-452: Was coined by William Cameron Menzies while he was working on the film Gone with the Wind . Production designers are commonly confused with art directors as the roles have similar responsibilities. Production designers decide the visual concept and deal with the many and varied logistics of filmmaking including, schedules, budgets, and staffing. Art directors manage the process of making

11536-535: Was estimated to be the lowest average ticket price – measured in Euro – in Europe, marginally cheaper than in several Central and Eastern Europe markets like Croatia, Romania, Lithuania or Bulgaria (subject to exchange rates). Japan has one of the oldest and largest film industries in the world; as of 2010, it was the fourth largest by number of feature films produced. Movies have been produced in Japan since 1897, when

11648-528: Was filmed in Shanghai by Zheng Zhengqiu and Zhang Shichuan . As the Sixth Generation gained international exposure, many subsequent films were joint ventures and projects with international backers but remained quite resolutely low-key and low-budget . Jia's Platform (2000) was funded in part by Takeshi Kitano 's production house, while his Still Life was shot on HD video. Still Life

11760-492: Was formed, merging Nestor and several other motion picture companies, including Independent Moving Pictures (IMP). India is the largest producer of films in the world and the second-oldest film industry in the world. The country is home to some of the most important cities in the global film industry: Mumbai (previously Bombay), Hyderabad and Chennai (Madras). In 2009, India produced a total of 2,961 films on celluloid; this figure includes 1,288 feature films. Besides being

11872-560: Was founded on the core of talent brought together for the filming of 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968) who subsequently worked together on series and feature films for Gerry Anderson . The Bristol-based Aardman Animations is known for its stop-motion animation. In late 1998, Channel 4 launched their free-to-air film channel Film4 – a channel specifically designed to show films. It broadcasts from 11:00 am BST and competes with pay television film network Sky Cinema . The London-based visual effects company Framestore , with Tim Webber

11984-462: Was opened. A short silent film titled Sukumari ( The Good Girl ) was the first produced film in the region in 1928. The first full-length film The Last Kiss , was released in 1931. Since the separation of Bangladesh from Pakistan in 1971, Dhaka has been the center of the Bangladeshi film industry and generated the majority share of revenue, production, and audiences. The 1960s, 1970s, 1980s, and

12096-434: Was reporting data for 15,000 screens. In 1987, EDI set up a database of box office information which included data on certain films back to 1970. By 1991, all U.S. studios had agreed to share their complete data reports with EDI. By then box office results were publicized, with Entertainment Tonight segments on the weekend's top films, increasing public discussion of poorly performing films. In 1990, EDI opened an office in

12208-567: Was still strong when it came to history after 1945 and there were very few films on contemporary events. This marked the major difference between the members of the Polish Film School and Italian neorealists. The Polish Film School was the first to underline the national character of Poles and one of the first artistic movements in Central Europe to openly oppose the official guidelines of Socialist realism . The members of

12320-458: Was the number one on the first chart published for the week ending April 16, 1969. The chart was discontinued in 1990. In 1974, Nat Fellman founded Exhibitor Relations Co., the first company set up to track box office grosses, which it collected from the studios. Two years later, Marcy Polier, an employee of the Mann theater chain, set up Centralized Grosses to collate U.S. daily box office data on

12432-539: Was the third lowest share among the 30 European markets for which such data are available and clearly illustrates the strong dependence of Turkish films on the domestic market, a feature which is shared by Polish and Russian films. In 2014, Kış Uykusu ( Winter's Sleep ) won the Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Film. In 2013, Turkey still ranked behind the Netherlands in terms of

12544-483: Was ¥21.8 billion (US$ 3.6 billion), the second-largest film market in the world by box office receipts It increased to $ 4.8 Billion in 2014 box office grosser in film industry. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic , in 2020 China overtook North America as world's biggest box office, being the first country to achieve this status. China retained this status in 2021. However, in 2022, North America once again overtook China as

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