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33-597: The Dvina merchant Kondratiy Kurochkin reached the mouth of the Pyasina in 1610. In 1614, an ostrog was built on the river to collect yasak from the natives. In 1935, before the Dudinka - Norilsk railway had been built, the river Pyasina and Lake Pyasino were used to deliver cargo to the site of the future city of Norilsk . The calving grounds of the Taimyr reindeer herd, a migrating tundra reindeer ( R.t. sibiricus ),

66-716: A number of smaller rivers such as the Uftyuga and the Nizhnyaya Toyma , both from the northeast. Near the urban settlement of Bereznik, the Vaga comes in from the south. At this point, the M8 highway which runs from Moscow through Vologda to Arkhangelsk, also enters the region. The Yomtsa or Yemtsa joins from the southeast, with the P1 highway (from Kargopol ) running parallel. The Pinega , formerly an important river route, joins from

99-536: Is a town in Arkhangelsk Oblast , Russia , located at the confluence of the Northern Dvina and Vychegda Rivers . Population: 60,562 ( 2010 Census ) ; 60,647 ( 2002 Census ) ; 68,021 ( 1989 Soviet census ) . Kotlas is the third-largest town of Arkhangelsk Oblast in terms of population (after Arkhangelsk and Severodvinsk ) and an important transport hub. The place

132-731: Is a center of timber industry and an important river port and a railroad center (situated on the railroad connecting central Russia with the Komi Republic ). The Northern Dvina and the Vychegda Rivers are navigable; there is regular passenger navigation on the Vychegda. Roads connect Kotlas with Veliky Ustyug (and eventually Vologda and Kostroma ) to the South, Syktyvkar to the East, and Krasnoborsk (eventually Arkhangelsk ) to

165-834: Is a river in northern Russia flowing through Vologda Oblast and Arkhangelsk Oblast into the Dvina Bay of the White Sea . Along with the Pechora River to the east, it drains most of Northwest Russia into the Arctic Ocean . It should not be confused with the Western Dvina , with which it is not connected. The principal tributaries of the Northern Dvina are the Vychegda (right), the Vaga (left), and

198-558: Is located. It gradually replaced Kholmogory as the chief city of the region. On the southwest side of the delta is the naval base of Severodvinsk , the second-largest city in the region. The delta ends in the Dvina Bay of the White Sea. The river flows through Velikoustyugsky District of the Vologda Oblast and through Kotlassky , Krasnsoborky , Verkhnetoyemsky , Vinogradovsky , Kholmogorsky , and Primorsky districts of

231-469: Is roughly T-shaped. The 558 kilometres (347 mi)-long Sukhona River flows east and joins the basin of the west-flowing Vychegda (1,130 kilometres (700 mi) long). The combined river flows northwest into the White Sea , which it joins near the city of Arkhangelsk . Looking more closely, the Sukhona flows east and meets the north-flowing Yug River at Veliky Ustyug. The combined stream, now called

264-408: The town of oblast significance of Kotlas —an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts . As a municipal division , the town of oblast significance of Kotlas is incorporated as Kotlas Urban Okrug . Within the framework of municipal divisions, Kotlas also serves as the administrative center of Cheryomushskoye Rural Settlement, even though it is not a part of it. Kotlas

297-1059: The Kuloy and to the Mezen, or using the Pukshenga and the Pokshenga to get to the Pinega, and then from the Yozhuga taking boats by land to the Zyryanskaya Yezhuga and the Vashka. From the Vychegda, the merchants also could get directly to the river basin of the Pechora via either the Cherya and the Izhma , or the Mylva . From the 14th century, Kholmogory was the main trading harbor on

330-621: The Pinega (right). According to the Max Vasmer 's Etymological Dictionary , the name of the river has been taken from the Western Dvina . The toponym Dvina does not stem from a Uralic language ; however, its origin is unclear. Possibly it is an Indo-European word which used to mean river or stream . In the Komi language , the river is called Вы́нва / Výnva from vyn "power" and va "water, river" hence "powerful river". The length of

363-501: The Stalin era. A significant population of Poles existed in the area, with whole Polish villages resettled here in 1920s and 1930s. Labor camps existed within the territory of the city until 1953. Besides logging and the paper industry, inmates worked at plant, housing, bridge, and railroad construction. Most of camps were unguarded barrack settlements. In addition, Kotlas was a major transit point for deportees transferred further to

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396-593: The Arkhangelsk Oblast. All administrative centers of these districts are located at the banks of the Northern Dvina, as they developed when the river was the major transportation route of the region. In summer, the entire length of the river is navigable and is heavily used for timber rafting . The Northern Dvina Canal connects it with the Volga–Baltic Waterway. In the 19th century, a short-lived Northern Ekaterininsky Canal , now abandoned, connected

429-655: The North. There is regular passenger bus traffic originating in Kotlas. Kotlas is an important railway hub, where the railway to Kirov branches off south-east from the main railway, connecting Konosha and Vorkuta . Kotlas is served by the Kotlas Airport and is home to the Savatiya air base. The Church of St. Stephan of Perm was built in 1788, and the adjacent bell-tower was built in 1825. Both are protected at

462-549: The Northern Dvina basin with the Kama basin as well. In 1926–28 a canal connecting the Pinega, one of the major tributaries of the Northern Dvina, with the Kuloy, was constructed, however, currently the canal is pretty much neglected. Heavy commercial passenger navigation has largely disappeared and only local passenger lines remain. The passenger line connecting Kotlas and Arkhangelsk has been out of operation since 2005. The area

495-645: The Northern Dvina is 744 kilometres (462 mi). Together with its major tributary, the Sukhona , it is 1,302 kilometres (809 mi) long – about as long as the Rhine in central and western Europe. The area of its basin is 357,052 square kilometres (137,859 sq mi). The river basin of the Northern Dvina includes the major parts of the Vologda and the Arkhangelsk Oblasts , as well as areas in

528-518: The Northern Dvina was the main trading route connecting the central Russia with Arkhangelsk. Peter the Great drastically changed the situation, by founding Saint Petersburg in 1703, thus opening the way for the Baltic Sea trade, and by constructing the highway between Saint Petersburg and Arkhangelsk via Kargopol. The river quickly lost its role as the leading trading route, which was accelerated by

561-623: The Northern Dvina, but in the 17th century it lost this distinction to Arkhangelsk even though the seat of the Kholmogory and Vaga Eparchy , from 1732 known as Kholmogory and Archangelogorod Eparchy, which had jurisdiction over all Northern Russia including the Solovetsky Monastery , was located in Kholmogory until 1762. Until the 1700s, Arkhangelsk was the main trading harbour for the sea trade of Russia and western Europe, and

594-666: The Northern Dvina, flows north about 60 km and receives the west-flowing Vychegda at Kotlas and then turns northwest to flow into the White Sea. The Sukhona-Vychegda was an important east–west transportation route while the Northern Dvina-Yug was a north–south route. The upper Sukhona is now connected by the Northern Dvina Canal to the Volga–Baltic Waterway , which links Petersburg to Moscow. The Sukhona flows east, eventually north-east, joins

627-826: The Northern Dvina, there were a number of ways into the basin of the Mezen (from where the merchants could get to the basin of the Pechora and the Ob ). One was upstream the Vychegda and the Yarenga , and by land into the Vashka . Another one was upstream the Vychegda, the Vym , the Yelva, then by land to the Irva and to the Mezen. Two further options included going upstream the Pinega and then by land to

660-664: The White Sea. The area was initially attractive because of fur trading. The main waterway from Novgorod into the Northern Dvina was along the Volga and its tributary, the Sheksna , along the Slavyanka River into Lake Nikolskoye, then the boats were taken by land to Lake Blagoveshchenskoye, from there downstream along the Porozovitsa River into Lake Kubenskoye and further to the Sukhona and the Northern Dvina. From

693-433: The cargo transport of goods to and from the Northern Dvina . In 1940, the construction of the railroad connecting Konosha (on the railway stretch between Moscow and Arkhangelsk) to Vorkuta started. The railroad was needed to transport coal, timber, and later oil from the Komi Republic . The headquarters of this railroad were opened in Kotlas. In the same year, Kotlas became a separate administrative unit. In December 1941,

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726-670: The construction of the railway between Vologda and Arkhangelsk between 1894 and 1897. The Northern Dvina was scene of several battles during the Russian Civil War , many involving the Entente interventionist army as part of their North Russia Campaign . A special Northern Dvina Flotilla existed during the Civil War. 64°32′00″N 40°29′00″E  /  64.53333°N 40.48333°E  / 64.53333; 40.48333 Kotlas Kotlas ( Russian : Ко́тлас )

759-409: The east. Near the mouth of the Pinega, the river splits into several channels, among which is the ancient selo of Kholmogory 75 kilometres (47 mi) southeast of Arkhangelsk. The branches rejoin and pass the modern logging town of Novodvinsk . Downstream from Novodvinsk, the 900 square kilometres (350 sq mi) delta begins. In the upstream part of the delta, the great port of Arkhangelsk

792-631: The largest reindeer herd in the world, is along the right bank of the Pyasina and at the bend of the middle flow of the Agapa. This Krasnoyarsk Krai location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article related to a river in the Russian Far East is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Northern Dvina The Northern Dvina ( Се́верная Двина́ , IPA: [ˈsʲevʲɪrnəjə dvʲɪˈna] ; Komi : Вы́нва , romanized:  Výnva )

825-492: The local level as architectural monuments, as is Narodny Dom, a wooden house built at the beginning of 20th century. Kotlas has a subarctic climate ( Köppen climate classification Dfc ). Salyut is the local bandy club. [1] Alexandr Tyukavin , a notable player voted as third best player of the Russian National Championship 2011–2012, was born in Kotlas. In 2014 he was awarded a prize from

858-532: The north and east, since it was a railroad terminus. There is a Kotlas branch of the Sovest ( Conscience ) organization, which seeks to preserve the memory of those times and seek compensation for victims. The further development of Kotlas was due to the construction of the Pechora Railway . Already from 1899 Kotlas was connected by a railway line with Vyatka (currently Kirov ), which was heavily used for

891-444: The north-flowing Yug at Veliky Ustyug and acquires the name 'Northern Dvina'. The P157 highway connects Kostroma with Kotlas via Nikolsk and Veliky Ustyug. North of Veliky Ustyg, the highway runs on the left bank of the Northern Dvina. The river flows about 60 kilometres (37 mi) north crossing from the Vologda Oblast into the Arkhangelsk Oblast, where in the city of Kotlas it receives the west-flowing Vychegda River which rises in

924-526: The northern Ural Mountains . Since, at the confluence, the length of the Vychegda is greater than that of the Northern Dvina, the river between the source and the confluence with the Vychegda is sometimes known as the Lesser Northern Dvina ( Малая Северная Двина ). Shortly downstream from the confluence, the Northern Dvina is crossed by the railway connecting Konosha with Kotlas and Vorkuta . The Northern Dvina turns northwest and receives

957-684: The road was completed, and from 1942, the regular service started. Kotlas thus became an important transport hub. The headquarters of the Pechora Railway were located in Kotlas until 1959, when the railway was merged into the Northern Railway . Within the framework of administrative divisions , Kotlas serves as the administrative center of Kotlassky District , even though it is not a part of it. As an administrative division, it is, together with one work settlement ( Vychegodsky ) and two rural localities , incorporated separately as

990-490: The western part of the Komi Republic and in the northern part of the Kirov Oblast , and minor areas in the north of Yaroslavl and Kostroma Oblasts . The cities of Arkhangelsk and Vologda , as well as many smaller towns, many of those of significant historical importance such as Veliky Ustyug , Totma , Solvychegodsk , and Kholmogory , are located in the river basin of the Northern Dvina. The Northern Dvina basin

1023-527: Was merged into Northern Krai , which in 1936 was transformed into Northern Oblast . In 1937, Northern Oblast was split into Arkhangelsk Oblast and Vologda Oblast. Kotlassky District remained in Arkhangelsk Oblast ever since. During the 1930s, Kotlas became a place to which kulaks were deported and made to work in the forestry industry. It was managed by the Kotlaslag division of Gulag . Later, it hosted all possible categories of people repressed during

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1056-551: Was populated by Finnic peoples and then colonized by the Novgorod Republic . The only exception was Veliky Ustyug, which was part of Vladimir-Suzdal Principality . The rest of the Northern Dvina basin was controlled by Novgorod. Veliky Ustyug has been first mentioned in the chronicles in 1207, Shenkursk — in 1229, Solvychegodsk was founded in the 14th century. In the 13th century the Novgorod merchants already reached

1089-543: Was probably inhabited from ancient times, but was only granted official town status by the Provisional Government of Russia on June 16, 1917, when it was a part of Vologda Governorate . In 1918, the area was transferred to the newly formed Northern Dvina Governorate , and in 1924 the uyezds were abolished in favor of the new divisions, the districts (raions). Kotlassky District was established on June 25, 1924. In 1929, Northern Dvina Governorate

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