This is an accepted version of this page
70-473: Presidency Government Post-coup unrest in Egypt (2013–2014) Supporters Opponents Family [REDACTED] [REDACTED] The cabinet of Egyptian Prime Minister Hesham Qandil was sworn in on 2 August 2012. Qandil was appointed by President Mohamed Morsi , following the resignation of military-named premier Kamal Ganzouri . The cabinet consists of 36 ministers. The composition of
140-537: A 25.5 percent share of the vote for Morsi, he was officially announced as the president on 24 June 2012, following a subsequent run-off vote. Morsi supporters in Cairo's Tahrir Square celebrated, and angry outbursts occurred at the Egypt Election Authorities press conference when the result was announced. He came in slightly ahead of former Mubarak-era prime minister Ahmed Shafik and his campaign
210-704: A Member of Parliament from 2000 to 2005, officially as an independent candidate because the Brotherhood was technically barred from running candidates for office under President Hosni Mubarak. He was a member of the Guidance Office of the Muslim Brotherhood until the founding of the Freedom and Justice Party in 2011, at which point he was elected by the MB's Guidance Office to be the first president of
280-694: A Western-style education in the English language, or the Syrian Protestant College (now the American University of Beirut ) in Beirut, run by American missionaries. The new school would provide an alternative to the student missions to Europe begun under Muhammad Ali . Controversy surrounding Zaydan's publications would later prevent him from taking a teaching post at the university. A number of other prominent Egyptians played
350-481: A lack of professional faculty to fulfill the founders' educational vision. There were simply no Egyptians with doctoral degrees, the ability to teach in Arabic and a familiarity with Western literature in their fields with whom to fill professorial posts. Thus European Orientalists who lectured in classical Arabic filled many posts until the 1930s. The university also sent its own students on educational missions to obtain
420-469: A modern, professional education to Egyptians. Armenian bureaucrat Yaqub Artin made the first known published reference to establishing an Egyptian university in 1894. In a report, he suggested "the existing higher professional schools could well provide the basis for a university." These higher schools included the School of Management and Languages, established in 1868 (which became the School of Law in 1886),
490-627: A new constitution is ratified. The declaration also required a retrial of those accused in the Mubarak-era killings of protesters, who had been acquitted, and extends the mandate of the Constituent Assembly by two months. Additionally, the declaration authorized Morsi to take any measures necessary to protect the revolution. Liberal and secular groups walked out of the constitutional Constituent Assembly because they believed that it would impose strict Islamic practices, while members of
560-450: A number of protesters broke through police cordons around the palace, with some climbing atop an armored police vehicle and waving flags. On 8 December 2012, Morsi annulled his decree that had expanded his presidential authority and removed judicial review of his decrees, an Islamist official said, but added that the effects of that declaration would stand. A constitutional referendum was still planned for 15 December. George Isaac of
630-558: A part of her fundraising campaign for the establishment of Egypt's first formal university. Following the Denshawai incident , Mustafa Kamil al-Ghamrawi, a wealthy notable from Beni Suef , pledged 500 Egyptian pounds towards a university in September 1906. Mustafa Kamil published a call for supplementary funds, while Saad Zaghlul and Qasim Amin arranged a meeting attended by Muhammad Farid and 23 other prominent Egyptians. The members of
700-551: A program: Construction Engineering. In 2009, it introduced the Water and Environmental Engineering Program. The British colonial government, particularly Lord Cromer, had long opposed the establishment of such a university. Only a year after his departure from Egypt, under Sir Eldon Gorst, was the Egyptian University finally established. The Egyptian educational system remained neglected by the colonial government under
770-427: A reversal of the declaration and the dissolution of the Constituent Assembly. Those gathered in the square called for a "huge protest" on 27 November. Clashes were reported between protesters and police. The declaration was also condemned by human rights groups such as Amnesty International , Human Rights Watch and Freedom House . Egypt's highest body of judges decried the ruling as an "unprecedented assault on
SECTION 10
#1732790208411840-441: A role in the university's foundation. A collection of large landowners, bureaucrats, members of the royal family , and journalists, lawyers, and school teachers including Mustafa Kamil , disciples of Muhammad Abduh such as Qasim Amin and Saad Zaghlul , and eventually Khedive Abbas II and Prince Ahmad Fu’ad I became involved. As Donald M. Reid writes, "Royalist partisans stressed Fu'ad's founding role, Watanists (supporters of
910-622: A speech to supporters in Cairo's Tahrir Square on 30 June 2012, Morsi briefly mentioned that he would work to free Omar Abdel-Rahman , convicted of the 1993 bombing of the World Trade Center in New York City, along with the many Egyptians who were arrested during the revolution. A Brotherhood spokesperson later said that the extradition was for humanitarian reasons and that Morsi did not intend to overturn Abdel-Rahman's criminal convictions. On 10 July 2012, Morsi reinstated
980-468: A state institution under Fuad I. The liberal arts college (kulliyat al-adab) of 1908 was joined with the schools of law and medicine, and a new faculty of science was added. Ahmed Lutfi al-Sayyid became the first president. Cairo University is usually ranked among the best universities in Egypt, and one of the top universities in Africa. In QS ranking 2021 , Cairo University was ranked the 2nd in Egypt and
1050-486: A woman as vice-presidents, but eventually appointed Mahmoud Mekki , a Muslim man. On 22 December 2012, Mekki resigned. After Kamal Ganzouri 's resignation, Morsi tasked Hesham Qandil with forming the new government. On 2 August 2012, Qandil was sworn in as prime minister. Morsi also objected to a constitutional provision limiting presidential power. On 12 August 2012, Morsi asked Mohamad Hussein Tantawi , head of
1120-819: Is Egypt 's premier public university . Its main campus is in Giza , immediately across the Nile from Cairo . It was founded on 21 December 1908; after being housed in various parts of Cairo, its faculties, beginning with the Faculty of Arts, were established on its current main campus in Giza in October 1929. The university was known as the Egyptian University from 1908 to 1940, and King Fuad I University and Fu'ād al-Awwal University from 1940 to 1952. The university
1190-442: Is the second oldest institution of higher education in Egypt after Al-Azhar University , notwithstanding the pre-existing higher professional schools that later became constituent colleges of the university. The university was founded and funded as the Egyptian University by a committee of private citizens with royal patronage in 1908 and became a state institution under King Fuad I in 1925. In 1940, four years following his death,
1260-844: The 2013 Egyptian coup d'état , the Freedom and Justice Party announced nine ministers offered their resignations. The cabinet was dissolved on 8 July 2013 with the resignation of Prime Minister Hesham Qandil in protest over the killing of 61 protestors by the military at the Republican Guard headquarters. Mohamed Morsi#President of Egypt Presidency Government Post-coup unrest in Egypt (2013–2014) Supporters Opponents Family [REDACTED] [REDACTED] Mohamed Mohamed Morsi Eissa Al-Ayyat ( / ˈ m ɔːr s i / ; Arabic : محمد محمد مرسي عيسى العياط IPA: [mæˈħæmmæd ˈmoɾsi ˈʕiːsæ (ʔe)l.ʕɑjˈjɑːtˤ] ; 8 August 1951 – 17 June 2019)
1330-685: The Constitution Party said that Morsi's declaration did not offer anything new, the National Salvation Front rejected it as an attempt to save face, and the 6 April Movement and Gamal Fahmi of the Egyptian Journalists Syndicate said the new declaration failed to address the "fundamental" problem of the nature of the Assembly that was tasked with drafting the constitution. Khaled al-Qazzaz
1400-651: The Egyptian Army from 1975 to 1976, serving in the chemical warfare unit. He then resumed his studies at Cairo University and earned an MS in metallurgical engineering in 1978. After completing his master's degree, Morsi earned a government scholarship that enabled him to study in the United States. He received a PhD in materials science from the University of Southern California in 1982 with his dissertation on aluminium oxide . While living in
1470-869: The Manfalut railway accident . On 5 January 2013, a cabinet reshuffle took place replacing ten ministers. The number of FJP members in the cabinet increased from five to eight after the reshuffle. On 7 May 2013, another reshuffle took place replacing nine ministers, increasing the number of FJP members to 10 out of a total of 36. On 1 July 2013, five cabinet members resigned together; they were tourism minister Hisham Zazou , communications and IT minister Atef Helmi , legal and parliamentary affairs minister Hatem Bagato, environment minister Khaled Abdel-Aal, and drinking water and sanitation facilities minister Abdel Khalifa . On 2 July 2013, foreign minister Mohamed Kamel Amr , petroleum minister Sherif Hadarra, and sports minister El Amry Farouk resigned. On 4 July 2013, one day after
SECTION 20
#17327902084111540-464: The National Party ) pointed out Mustafa Kamil's call for a university, and Wafdists emphasized the contributions of Saad Zaghlul, Muhammad Abduh, and Qasim Amin." Wealthy Egyptians began to independently pledge funds to the establishment of a university as early as 1905. Significant contributions were made by Princess Fatma Ismail . In the early 1900s, she donated land to the university as
1610-611: The University of Southern California . He became an associate professor at California State University, Northridge , from 1982 to 1985 before returning to Egypt to teach at Zagazig University . Associating with the Muslim Brotherhood, which was then barred from office under President Hosni Mubarak , Morsi stood as an independent candidate for the 2000 parliamentary election . Following the Egyptian Revolution of 2011 , which resulted in Mubarak's resignation, Morsi came to
1680-545: The death penalty , a move denounced by Amnesty International as "a charade based on null and void procedures". His death sentence was overturned in November 2016 and a retrial ordered. Morsi died during trial on 17 June 2019 amid claims that he was being denied appropriate medical care while in custody. Mohamed Morsi was born in the Sharqia Governorate , in northern Egypt , of modest provincial origin, in
1750-489: The referendum , although turnout was less than a third of the electorate. In June 2013, protests calling for Morsi's resignation erupted. The military, backed by the political opposition and leading religious figures, stepped in and deposed Morsi in a coup . It suspended the constitution and appointed Adly Mansour as interim president. Pro-Morsi demonstrations were crushed , resulting in over 800 deaths. Egyptian prosecutors then charged Morsi with various crimes and sought
1820-473: The 2012 presidential election, Morsi, who was initially nominated as a backup candidate, emerged as the new Muslim Brotherhood candidate. His campaign was supported by well-known Egyptian cleric Safwat Hegazi at a rally in El-Mahalla El-Kubra , the epicentre of Egyptian worker protests. Following the first round of Egypt's first post-Mubarak presidential elections, where exit polls suggested
1890-498: The 27 regions of the country. In October 2012, Morsi's government unveiled plans for the development of a major economic and industrial hub adjoining the Suez Canal . Funding commitments had been received, including $ 8 billion from Qatar . The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development committed €1 billion. On 19 March 2013, on a visit to India, Morsi sought support from India's Prime Minister Manmohan Singh . Although
1960-558: The 6th across Africa, and it was rated 561-570 worldwide. In the ARWU 2020 ranking , the university was ranked 1st in Egypt. It was rated 401-500 worldwide. According to the Center for World University Rankings (CWUR) 2020–21, the university was ranked 1st in Egypt, and the 558th worldwide. Cairo University includes a School of Law and a School of Medicine . The Medical School, also known as Kasr Alaini ( القصر العيني , Qasr-el-'Ayni),
2030-527: The British representative in Egypt, Lord Cromer , remained opposed to establishing of higher education in the country for fear that it would foment unrest. The university opened as a small private institution in 1908. Its early founding and location made it a model for later universities throughout the Arab world. It was taken over as a state university in 1925 and became Cairo University in 1954. The university
2100-551: The Islamist-dominated parliament that was disbanded by the Supreme Constitutional Court of Egypt on 14 June 2012. According to Egypt's official news agency, Morsi ordered the immediate return of legislators elected in 2011, much of whom are members of Morsi's Freedom and Justice Party and other Islamist groups. A Morsi spokesman announced that the president-elect would appoint a Christian and
2170-464: The Khedive. Donald M. Reid speculates that this was due to fear that European-style education would foment political unrest or nationalistic sentiments . Cromer also opposed providing financial aid to the university after the private committee began to pursue the matter independently of the colonial government. In its early years, the university did not have a campus but rather advertised lectures in
Qandil Cabinet - Misplaced Pages Continue
2240-462: The Muslim Brotherhood supported Morsi. The move was criticized by Mohamed ElBaradei who said Morsi had "usurped all state powers and appointed himself Egypt's new pharaoh ". The move led to massive protests and violent action throughout Egypt, with protesters erecting tents in Tahrir Square , the site of the protests that preceded the resignation of Hosni Mubarak. The protesters demanded
2310-559: The School of Irrigation and Construction (known as the School of Engineering) in 1866, Dar al-Ulum in 1872, the School of Agriculture in 1867 and the School of Antiquities 1869. Syrian journalist Jurji Zaydan called for an "Egyptian college school" (madrasa kulliya misriyya ) in 1900 in his monthly magazine Al-Hilal . He provided two models for this institute of higher education: the Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College at Aligarh , India, which delivered
2380-725: The U.S. had not provided “evidence” that the attackers were Muslims. He also stated that the aircraft collision alone did not bring down the World Trade Center , suggesting something "happened from the inside." Such views are held by most Egyptians, including Egyptian liberals. His comments drew criticism in the United States. Morsi was arrested along with 24 other Muslim Brotherhood leaders on 28 January 2011. He escaped from prison in Cairo two days later. The break of Wadi el-Natroun Prison received widespread news coverage within hours of its occurrence, with some reports indicating
2450-429: The United States, Morsi became an assistant professor at California State University, Northridge from 1982 to 1985. In 1985, Morsi quit his job at CSUN and returned to Egypt, becoming a professor at Zagazig University , where he was appointed head of the engineering department. Morsi was a lecturer at Zagazig University's engineering department until 2010. Morsi was first elected to parliament in 2000. He served as
2520-496: The army to be like after saying that no entity will be above the constitution. He suggested that parliament should control the army's spending, but that some parts of it should be kept secret. The Freedom & Justice Party would respect the Constitution of Egypt and not impose what they believe on people, he said. He said that Egyptians are committed to living in a society with full rights for everyone. The 2011 revolution
2590-603: The authority to legislate without the need for judicial oversight or review. This was a move to stop the Mubarak-era judges from getting rid of the Second Constituent Assembly . The new constitution that was then hastily finalized by the Islamist -dominated constitutional assembly, presented to the president, and scheduled for a referendum before the Supreme Constitutional Court could rule on
2660-402: The constitutionality of the assembly, was described by independent press agencies not aligned with the regime as an "Islamist coup". These issues, along with complaints of prosecutions of journalists and attacks on nonviolent demonstrators, led to the 2012 protests . As part of a compromise, Morsi rescinded the decrees. A new constitution was approved by approximately two-thirds of voters in
2730-578: The country's armed forces, and Sami Hafez Anan , the Army chief of staff, to resign. He also announced that the constitutional amendments passed by the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces (SCAF) restricting the president's powers would be annulled. Morsi's spokesman, Yasser Ali, announced that both Tantawi and Anan would remain advisers to the president. Morsi named Abdel Fattah el-Sisi , who
2800-417: The courts before it had finished its work. President Morsi also agreed there would be no further retrials of former officials under Hosni Mubarak, unless new evidence was presented. On 1 December 2012, the Constituent Assembly handed the draft constitution to Morsi, who announced that a constitutional referendum would be held on 15 December 2012. On 4 December 2012, Morsi left his presidential palace after
2870-444: The declaration's language had not been altered, Morsi agreed to limit the scope of the decree to "sovereign matters" following four days of opposition protests and the resignation of several senior advisers. Morsi's spokesman said an agreement, reached with top judicial authorities, would leave most of the president's actions subject to review by the courts, but preserve his power to protect the Constituent Assembly from being dissolved by
Qandil Cabinet - Misplaced Pages Continue
2940-435: The direction of Lord Cromer. Two decades after the establishment of British rule, education received less than 1 percent of the state budget. Cromer publicly stated that free public education was not an appropriate policy for a nation such as Egypt, although the funds were found to refurbish the law school in Cairo so Egyptians did not have to go abroad to obtain legal degrees during Sir John Scott 's time as Judicial Advisor to
3010-507: The enthronement of Coptic Pope Tawadros II on 18 November 2012 at Abbasiya Cathedral, though Prime Minister Hesham Qandil did attend. On 22 November 2012, Morsi issued a declaration which purported to protect the work of the Constituent Assembly drafting the new constitution from judicial interference. In effect, this declaration immunized his actions from any legal challenge. The decree states that it only applied until
3080-454: The forefront as head of the Freedom and Justice Party. It became the largest party in the 2011–12 parliamentary election and Morsi was elected president in the 2012 presidential election . On June 30 2012, the SCAF handed the authority to Morsi, ending 6 decades of military rule. In November 2012, Morsi issued a provisional constitutional declaration that granted him unrestricted authority and
3150-455: The government is mostly formed by technocrats, with five Freedom and Justice Party (FJP) members and one member each from the Al-Wasat and Renaissance parties. On 12 August 2012, President Mohamed Morsi appointed Abdel Fattah el-Sisi as defense minister and Reda Hafez as military production minister. On 17 November 2012, transport minister Mohammad Rashad Al Matini resigned over
3220-489: The independence of the judiciary and its rulings". Abdel Meguid Mahmoud , a prosecutor appointed by Hosni Mubarak, declared the decree "null and void." Morsi further emphasized his argument that the decree is temporary, and said he wanted dialog with the opposition. Morsi's statement failed to appease either the judges or citizenry dissatisfied with his decision and sparked days of protests in Tahrir Square. Though
3290-555: The local head of religious endowment, declared, "Deal with the Jews and their supporters. Oh Allah, disperse them, rend them asunder. Oh Allah, demonstrate Your might and greatness upon them. Show us Your omnipotence, oh Lord." The prayers were broadcast on Egyptian state television and translated by MEMRI . Originally, MEMRI translated the broadcast as "Destroy the Jews and their supporters. Oh Allah, disperse them, rend them asunder," but later revised their translation. Morsi did not attend
3360-568: The meeting founded a committee with Zaghlul as vice-president and Amin as secretary, and all but three pledged at least 100 Egyptian pounds towards the university. However, splinters quickly emerged between the Watanists, the disciples of Abduh and the Royalists, leaving the project in the hands of the Palace. By the time of its establishment in 1908, Prince Fuad I was the rector, and only one of
3430-445: The men who had met in 1906 remained in the committee. Concerning the faculty of engineering In 2006, the college began implementing the credit hour system by launching the following programs: construction engineering, computer and telecommunications engineering. In 2007 programs that were developed: mechanical design engineering, architecture engineering and construction technology and petrochemical engineering. In 2008, it introduced
3500-471: The necessary training. First, the university hired Italians Carlo Nallino, David Santillana and Ignazio Guidi, due to King Fuad I's connections with Italy. Following the departure of the Italians after the invasion of Libya, French orientalists Gaston Wiet and Louis Massignon took up posts on the faculty. The Germans and British were less represented. In 1925, the university was re-founded and expanded as
3570-622: The new party. While serving in this capacity in 2010, Morsi stated of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict that "the two-state solution is nothing but a delusion concocted by the brutal usurper of the Palestinian lands." Morsi condemned the September 11 attacks as a "horrific crime against innocent civilians". However, he accused the United States of using the 9/11 attacks as a pretext for invading Afghanistan and Iraq, and claimed that
SECTION 50
#17327902084113640-493: The office of the President of Egypt vacant after being forced to resign on 11 February 2011. Morsi reconvened Parliament in its original form on 10 July 2012; this was expected to cause friction between him and the military officials who dissolved the legislature. Morsi sought to influence the drafting of a new constitution of Egypt , favoring a constitution which protects civil rights and enshrines Islamic law . In
3710-470: The online newspaper Egypt Independent , an English-language subsidiary of Egyptian daily Al-Masry Al-Youm , Okasha spent three hours on 27 May 2012 criticizing the Muslim Brotherhood and Morsi on air. After Okasha aired a video allegedly depicting Tunisian Islamist extremists executing a Christian while asking "how will such people govern?", some analysts suggested that this was regarding Morsi's Muslim Brotherhood party. The Tunisian government characterized
3780-420: The political prisoners were sprung from detention by "armed gangs" taking advantage of the chaos of the Egyptian Revolution . Four years later, Morsi faced trial for his role in the prison break. He and 105 others were sentenced to death on 16 May 2015. The court of cassation overturned the death sentence on Morsi and five others and then ordered retrials. After Khairat El-Shater was disqualified from
3850-421: The press. Lectures would be held in various palaces and conference halls. After a grand opening ceremony in 1908, it remained on financial insecure footing for a number of years, nearly collapsing during World War I. Upon its founding in 1908, the Egyptian University had a women's section but this was closed in 1912. Women were first readmitted to the arts faculty in 1928. Problems during this period also included
3920-593: The project did not proceed under Morsi, his successor Abdel Fattah el-Sisi revived and launched a streamlined version of the corridor with an expansion of the Suez Canal in August 2014. On 19 October 2012, Morsi travelled to Egypt's northwestern Matrouh in his first official visit to deliver a speech on Egyptian unity at el-Tenaim Mosque. Immediately before his speech, he participated in prayers there where he openly mouthed "Amen" as cleric Futouh Abd Al-Nabi Mansour,
3990-524: The religious university of Al Azhar , and became the prime indigenous model for other state universities. In 1928, the first group of female students enrolled at the university. On 27 January 2020, Egypt's High Administrative Court approved Cairo University's decision to ban its professors from wearing the niqab or face veil which was introduced in 2015. At the turn of the century, Egyptian intellectuals and public figures began making calls to establish an Egyptian institute of higher education to provide
4060-531: The rule of the Sunni Muslim Brotherhood government (and affiliated with it president Morsi). Morsi also compared free markets to the Islamic system, but said Islam requires there to be an ethical component to ensure that the poor share in society's wealth. Morsi was sworn in on 30 June 2012, as Egypt's first democratically elected president. He succeeded Hosni Mubarak , who left
4130-456: The time became a part of the university (except Al-Azhar), like Kasr Alainy (Medical School), Muhandess Khana (School of Engineering), Dar Al-Uloom (House of Science) and others that were established by Muhammad Ali Pasha . They became Faculties of the university after joining (e.g. the Faculty of Medicine or Faculty of Engineering ). Other Faculties were later founded by the university after
4200-547: The totalitarian regime. Morsi fired two more high-ranking security officials on 16 August 2012: intelligence chief Murad Muwafi the Director of the Intelligence Directorate and the commander of his presidential guards . On 27 August 2012, Morsi named 21 advisers and aides in a slew that included three women and two Christians and numerous Islamist-leaning figures. He also appointed new governors to
4270-404: The university was renamed King Fuad I University in his honor. It was renamed a second time after the 1952 Egyptian Revolution . The university currently enrolls approximately 155,000 students in 20 faculties and 3 institutions. It counts three Nobel Laureates among its graduates and is one of the 50 largest institutions of higher education in the world by enrollment. Before he retired in 1907,
SECTION 60
#17327902084114340-479: The video as a farce in a harshly worded statement. On 24 June 2012, Morsi was announced as the winner of the election with 51.73 percent of the vote. Almost immediately afterward, he resigned from the presidency of the Freedom and Justice Party . I hope the people will choose me, an Islamist candidate from the Freedom & Justice party and Muslim Brotherhood , and God willing the system will move towards stability and development. He didn't say what he wanted
4410-511: The village of El Adwah , north of Cairo, on 8 August 1951 during the final years of the Egyptian monarchy . His father was a farmer and his mother a housewife. He was the eldest of five brothers, and told journalists that he remembered being taken to school on the back of a donkey. In the late 1960s, he moved to Cairo to study at Cairo University , and earned a BSc in engineering with high honors in 1975. He fulfilled his military service in
4480-677: Was an Egyptian politician, engineer, and professor who was the fifth president of Egypt , from 2012 to 2013, when General Abdel Fattah el-Sisi removed him from office in a coup d'état after protests in June . An Islamist affiliated with the Muslim Brotherhood organization, Morsi led the Freedom and Justice Party from 2011 to 2012. Morsi was born in El Adwah , Sharqia Governorate , before studying metallurgical engineering at Cairo University and then materials science at
4550-527: Was founded on 21 December 1908, as the result of an effort to establish a national center for higher education. Several constituent colleges preceded the establishment of the university including the College of Engineering ( كلية الهندسة ) in 1816, which was shut down by the Khedive of Egypt and Sudan , Sa'id Pasha , in 1854. Cairo University was founded as a European-inspired civil university, in contrast to
4620-534: Was noted for the Islamist character of its events. From the initial round of voting on 23 and 24 May 2012, Morsi had attempted to appeal to political liberals and minorities while portraying his rival Ahmed Shafik as a holdover from the Mubarak-era of secular moderation. On 30 May 2012, Morsi filed a lawsuit against Egyptian television presenter Tawfiq Okasha, accusing him of "intentional falsehoods and accusations that amount to defamation and slander." According to
4690-484: Was one of the first medical schools in Africa and the Middle East. Its first building was donated by Alaini Pasha. It has since undergone extensive expansion. The first president of Cairo University, then known as the Egyptian University, was Professor Ahmed Lutfi el-Sayed , who served from 1925 to 1941. After the Egyptian University's establishment in 1908, all Institutions of higher education that were in Egypt at
4760-614: Was the secretary on foreign relations from 2012 to 2013 in the Morsi government. Morsi hosted the Islamic summit in Cairo , with the participation of 57 leaders from Muslim nations . The statement urged a "substantial dialogue" between the Syrian government and the Syrian opposition to bring an end to the Syrian civil war . Cairo University Cairo University ( Arabic : جامعة القاهرة , romanized : Jāmiʿat al-Qāhira )
4830-491: Was then serving as chief of military intelligence, as Egypt's new defense minister. The New York Times described the move as an "upheaval" and a "stunning purge", given the power that SCAF had taken after the fall of Mubarak. Al Jazeera described it as "escalating the power struggle" between the president and military. On 14 August 2012, Mohamed Salem, an Egyptian lawyer, filed a legal challenge over Morsi's removal of Tantawi and Anan, arguing that Morsi planned to bring back
4900-482: Was triggered by an " Islamic awakening " in the region, according to him. Morsi said Coptic Christians "are certainly just as Egyptian as I am, and have as much a right to this homeland as I do." He said freedom of religion is a right granted by Allah and sharia commands Muslims to respect the rights of non-Muslim compatriots. However, in real terms the condition of Egyptian religious minorities such as Shia Muslims and Christians steadily deteriorated during
#410589