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27-631: Qasimiya or the Qasimi order, is a Naqshbandi branch in origin, and is based in a small village called Mohra Sharif located in the Murree hills of Punjab , Pakistan close to the Pakistani capital of Islamabad . This article about a Pakistani ethnicity is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Naqshbandi The Naqshbandi order ( Arabic : الطريقة النقشبندية , romanized :  aṭ-Ṭarīqat an-Naqshbandiyya )

54-714: A favor to the Naqshbandi sheikh Ahmad Ashiq, who led the order until his death in 1883. Ahmad Ashiq practiced the Diya'iyya branch of the Khalidiyya. Two other versions of Naqshbandiyya spread in Egypt in the last decades of the 19th century: the Judiyya, led by sheikh Juda Ibrahim, and the Khalidiyya, led by Sudanese al-Sharif Isma'il al-Sinnari and his successors. These branches continued to grow and are still active today. None of

81-515: A prominent Naqshbandi leader in the Ottoman world and his order became known as the Khalidiyya which spread for at least two decades. In Syria and Lebanon, the leaders of every active Naqshbandiyya group acknowledged its spiritual lineage . Later, a strife between Khalid's khalifas led to disruption of the order and it divide. The Farmadiyya branch, which practices silent and vocal invocation ,

108-609: Is Mazhariyya, named after Shamsuddin Mazhar, a Naqshbandi branch through Abu Said al-Ahmadi, one of Abdullah Dehlawi's khalifas. Mazhariyya is the main Naqshbandi branch in Madura , brought by Abdul Azim al-Maduri after studying in Mecca. Another related order is Qadiriyya wa Naqshbandiyya , a fusion of Qadiriyya and Naqshbandiyya, whose sheikhs in Banten and Lombok led rebellions against

135-529: Is a Sufi order of Sunni Islam named after Baha al-Din Naqshband . They trace their silsila (chain) to Prophet Muhammad through the first caliph Abu Bakr ( r.  632–634 ) by the way of Ja'far al-Sadiq . The Naqshbandi Sufi order is most distinguished from other Sunni schools by the high level of importance they assign to the sharia , highlighted by major Naqshbandi scholars such as Ahmad Sirhindi and Shah Waliullah Dehlawi . The order

162-479: Is also known as the "convergence of the two oceans" or "Sufi Order of Jafar al-Sadiq". The Naqshbandi order owes many insights to Yusuf Hamadani and Abdul Khaliq Ghijduwani in the 12th century, the latter of whom is regarded as the organizer of the practices and is responsible for placing stress upon the purely silent invocation . It was later associated with Baha-ud-Din Naqshband Bukhari in

189-622: Is also sometimes used in art history or anthropology to describe the interface zone between the cultures of Oceania and Southeast Asia . Insulindia is used as a geopolitical term in academic discussions of the former European colonial possessions within Maritime Southeast Asia, especially Dutch East Indies and Portuguese East Indies (" Portuguese Insulindia ") much as former French colonial possessions in Southeast Asia are still termed French Indochina . It

216-591: Is also used to describe and locate the Chinese cultural diaspora (the " insulindian Chinese ") across the islands of Southeast Asia. The land and sea area of the archipelago exceeds 2 million km . The more than 25,000 islands of the archipelago consist of many smaller archipelagoes. The major island groupings in the Indonesian Archipelago include the Maluku Islands , New Guinea , and

243-540: Is culturally quite different from the other countries in the region, and it is geologically not part of the continent of Asia , as the islands of the Sunda Shelf are (see Australia ). The archipelago was called the " East Indies " from the late 16th century and throughout the European colonial era. It is still sometimes referred to as such, but broader usages of the "East Indies" term had included Indochina and

270-535: Is home to a diverse range of Austronesian indigenous tribes, each with its unique culture, traditions, and languages. Some of the most prominent indigenous groups include: "If we draw a line ... commencing along the western coast of Gilolo, through the island of Bouru, and curving round the west end of Mores, then bending back by Sandalwood Island to take in Rotti, we shall divide the Archipelago into two portions,

297-660: Is still present in Lebanon and is named after Ali-Farmadi. The pre-Mujaddidi line of the Naqshbandiyya in Greater Syria came to an end when political leader Musa Bukhar died in 1973. The only branch to have survived till recently is the one based in the khanqah al-Uzbakiyya in Jerusalem. The Naqshbandi order rose to prominence in Egypt during the 19th century. A major khanqah was constructed in 1851 by Abbas I as

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324-485: Is the largest archipelago by area and fifth by number of islands in the world . It includes Brunei , East Timor , Indonesia , Malaysia (specifically East Malaysia ), Papua New Guinea , and the Philippines . The term is largely synonymous with Maritime Southeast Asia . The term "Malay Archipelago" was derived from the archaic European concept of a " Malay race " (a culturally-similar non-Oceanian subset of

351-702: The Austronesian peoples ), a racial concept proposed by European explorers based on their observations of the influence of the Srivijaya empire, which was based on the island of Sumatra . However, the Malay Archipelago does not include all islands inhabited by the Malay race such as Madagascar and Taiwan , and includes islands inhabited by Melanesians such as the Maluku Islands and New Guinea . The 19th-century naturalist Alfred Wallace used

378-577: The Dutch East Indies at the end of 19th century. Ma Laichi brought the Naqshbandi ( نقشبندية ) 納克什班迪 order to China, creating the Khufiyya ( خفيه ) 虎夫耶 Hua Si Sufi 华寺 ; (" Multicolored Mosque ") menhuan . Ma Mingxin , also brought the Naqshbandi order, creating the Jahriyya ( جهرية ) 哲赫林耶 menhuan. These two menhuan were rivals, and fought against each other which led to

405-759: The Indian subcontinent . The area is called " Nusantara " in the Indonesian language . The area is also referred to as the " Indonesian Archipelago ". The term " Maritime Southeast Asia " is largely synonymous, covering both the islands in Southeast Asia and nearby island-like communities, such as those found on the Malay Peninsula . Insulindia is a somewhat archaic geographical term for Maritime Southeast Asia , sometimes extending as far as Australasia . More common in Portuguese and Spanish , it

432-566: The Jahriyya Rebellion , Dungan revolt , and Dungan Revolt (1895) . The Naqshbandi order has eleven principle teachings known as the Eleven Naqshbandi principles . The first eight were formulated by Abdul Khaliq Gajadwani , and the last three were added by Baha-ud-Din Naqshband Bukhari . Malay Archipelago Situated between the Indian and Pacific oceans, the archipelago of over 25,000 islands and islets

459-869: The Sunda Islands . The Sunda Islands comprise two island groups: the Greater Sunda Islands and the Lesser Sunda Islands . The major island groupings in the Philippine Archipelago include Luzon , Mindanao , and the Visayan Islands . The seven largest islands are New Guinea , Borneo , Sumatra , Sulawesi and Java in Indonesia; and Luzon and Mindanao in the Philippines. Geologically,

486-625: The " Wallace Line ", a boundary that separated the flora and fauna of Asia and Australia. The ice age boundary was formed by the deep water straits between Borneo and Sulawesi ; and through the Lombok Strait between Bali and Lombok . This is now considered the western border of the Wallacea transition zone between the zoogeographical regions of Asia and Australia. The zone has a mixture of species of Asian and Australian origin, and its own endemic species. Over 380 million people live in

513-553: The 14th century, hence the name of the order. Afterward, a branch or sub-order name was added. From 'Ubeydullah Ahrar to Imam Rabbani , the way was called "Naqshbandiyya-Ahrariyya"; from Imam Rabbani to Shamsuddin Mazhar "Naqshbandiyya-Mujaddidiyya"; from Shamsuddin Mazhar to Khalid al-Baghdadi "Naqshbandiyya-Mazhariyya"; from Mawlana Khalid onwards " Naqshbandiyya-Khalidiyya ". The Naqshbandiyya order became an influential factor in Indian Muslim life, and for two centuries it

540-418: The 19th century. There are two well known branches of Naqshbandiyya ini Southeast Asia. The first one is Khalidiyya, introduced by Ismail al-Minankabawi , a disciple of Abdullah al-Arzinjani in Mecca, and spread across Sumatra , Java , and Malay Peninsula . PERTI , an Indonesian Islamic organization from Minangkabau Highlands , was founded by Sulaiman ar-Rasuli and other Khalidi clerics. The other branch

567-464: The archipelago include Puncak Mandala , Indonesia at 4,760 m (15,617 ft) and Puncak Trikora , Indonesia, at 4,750 m (15,584 ft). The climate throughout the archipelago is tropical, owing to its position on the Equator . Wallace used the term Malay Archipelago as the title of his influential book documenting his studies in the region. He proposed what would come to be known as

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594-593: The archipelago is one of the most active volcanic regions in the world. Producing many volcanoes especially in Java, Sumatra and Lesser Sunda Islands region where most volcanoes over 3,000 m (9,843 ft) high are situated. Tectonic uplifts also produce large mountains, including the highest, Mount Kinabalu in Sabah , Malaysia, with a height of 4,095.2 m (13,436 ft) and Puncak Jaya on Papua, Indonesia at 4,884 m (16,024 ft). Other high mountains in

621-488: The early orders survived far into the 20th century however, and all khanqahs in Egypt were closed in 1954 when the buildings were either assigned a different function or demolished. The first known Naqshbandi murshid in Malay Archipelago was Yusuf al-Makassari , a 17th century Islamic scholar who also introduced Khalwatiyya to the region. However, the order quickly disappeared before being introduced again in

648-522: The order gained popularity within a short period of time. Shah Waliullah Dehlawi was an 18th-century member of the order. The Naqshbandiyya order was introduced into Syria at the end of the 17th century by Murad Ali al-Bukhari, who established himself in Damascus and traveled throughout Arabia. His branch became known as the Muradiyya and was led by his descendants. In 1820, Khalid Shahrazuri rose as

675-606: The region, with the nine most populated islands being: The people living there are predominantly from Austronesian sub-groupings and correspondingly speak western Malayo-Polynesian languages . The main religions in this region are Islam (62%), Christianity (33%), as well as Buddhism , Hinduism , Taoism and traditional folk religions . Culturally, the region is often seen as part of "Farther India" or Greater India —the Coedes' Indianized states of Southeast Asia refers to it as "Island Southeast Asia". The Malay Archipelago

702-507: The term "Malay Archipelago" as the title of his influential book documenting his studies in the region. Wallace also referred to the area as the "Indian Archipelago" and the "Indo-Australian Archipelago". He included the Solomon Islands and Malay Peninsula in the region due to physiographic similarities. As Wallace noted, there are arguments for excluding Papua New Guinea for cultural and geographical reasons: Papua New Guinea

729-455: Was the principal spiritual order in the Indian subcontinent . Khwaja Baqi Billah , who was born in Kabul and brought up and educated in Kabul and Samarkand , is credited for bringing the order to India during the end of the 16th century. He tried to spread his knowledge about the order but died three years later. His disciple Ahmad Sirhindi took over after his death, and it was through him that

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