Quarterpath Road is one of the oldest roads in James City County and the independent city of Williamsburg, Virginia .
94-636: Established in the 17th century, Quarterpath Road extended from Middle Plantation (renamed Williamsburg in 1699) through what later became Kingsmill Plantation to Burwell's Landing on the James River , a few miles east of Jamestown . The Burwells were among the First Families of Virginia in the Colony of Virginia , and built the plantation's manor house beginning in the 1730s. A few years later, Carter Burwell built Carter's Grove immediately to
188-577: A 509(a)(3) supporting organization of the University of Arkansas System . The Winthrop Rockefeller Charitable Trust gifted the Institute a $ 100 million endowment in 2018, which is held by the University of Arkansas Foundation. Rockefeller's political legacy lives on in both the Republican and Democratic parties of Arkansas, both of which were forced to reform as a result of his presence on
282-716: A non-profit organization was formed to run the museum; in March 2007, the Charitable Trust pledged $ 100,000 for its ongoing operations if the museum raised an equal amount by the end of that year. Founded in 2005, the Winthrop Rockefeller Institute (commonly called the Institute) is a nonprofit organization on Petit Jean Mountain that seeks to continue Gov. Winthrop Rockefeller’s collaborative approach to creating transformational change and
376-466: A pale between the James and York from Martin's Hundred to Chiskiack. In 1626, Samuel Mathews , of Denbigh and William Claiborne, of Kecoughtan , offered to build the palisades and construct houses, at short intervals, between Martin's Hundred and Chiskiack. They attached conditions and costs, and historians do not believe their offer was accepted. There was little development along the north side of
470-468: A French engineer employed by the colony, patented the land embracing the site of Yorktown. When, in 1680, the General Assembly authorized the establishment of 10 ports, it directed that one be here, between the two settlements of Chiskiack and York. Thus, the town of Yorktown at once assumed importance. Soon, both Chiskiack and York became two of the lost towns of Virginia . The plan of running
564-478: A brick church and for the surrounding churchyard at Middle Plantation. Other subscribers pledged additional funds. About 60 feet (18 m) by 24 feet (7.3 m), and the brick church was completed in 1683 and dedicated the next year at the Epiphany . The first brick Bruton Parish Church was of Gothic design with supporting buttresses. Soon the vestry authorized a steeple and a ring of bells. Royal approval of
658-501: A complex of dwellings they believe date to 1670, apparently a farm. Artifacts recovered from the site date from 1650 to 1750. Included were tobacco pipes and kitchen implements, fragments of wine glasses, and an array of tools. Although the site is only a short distance from the restored historic district known as Colonial Williamsburg , the researchers feel that the inhabitants probably had little communication with Williamsburg during its early days. Garrett R. Fesler, senior archaeologist on
752-512: A designation that Patrick himself had taken only four years earlier. Smith later became a top aide to Bill Clinton in his first term as Governor. As a dramatic last act, Governor Rockefeller, a longtime death penalty opponent , commuted the sentences of every prisoner on Arkansas's death row and urged the governors of other states to do likewise. Thirty-three years later, in January 2003, Illinois' lame duck governor, George Ryan , would do
846-544: A devastating cancer. The Winrock Shopping Center in Albuquerque, New Mexico , is named for Rockefeller. He developed the center in a relationship with the University of New Mexico . During his tenure as chairman of Colonial Williamsburg , Winthrop was a frequent visitor at the foundation's Carter's Grove Plantation eight miles away in James City County , Virginia . He is credited with helping develop
940-506: A good governor and could be elected on the Republican ticket. ... He had learned a lesson. And he won his next two races for governor. ... His service contributed greatly to the enormous benefits of two-party government in Arkansas. At the time Winthrop became governor, his brother Nelson Rockefeller had been the governor of New York since 1959, and remained so throughout Winthrop's four years in office. They are often erroneously cited as
1034-524: A group of five students from the College of William and Mary submitted a well-presented and logical proposal to the legislators outlining a plan and good reasons to move the capital permanently to Middle Plantation. Despite the periodic need to relocate to Middle Plantation, throughout the seventeenth century, Virginians had been reluctant to move the capital from its "ancient and accustomed place." After all, Jamestown had always been Virginia's capital. It had
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#17327725278461128-525: A letter to the Earl of Salisbury, recommended the establishment of a fortified settlement at Chiskiack , some twenty miles (32 km) up the York River from Point Comfort . But, during the era of relative peace, which began with the marriage of John Rolfe and Pocahontas in 1614, nothing was immediately done to implement the suggestion. The idea of building a palisade was renewed around 1623, following
1222-474: A merchant who had emigrated from Middlesex , England with his wife Alice Lucken Page in 1650, was largely responsible for building Middle Plantation into a substantial town. In an era of wooden buildings, brick was a sign of both wealth and permanence. Page built a large, brick house in Middle Plantation and began encouraging the growth of the area. The Ludwell brothers (Thomas and Phillip) also built
1316-614: A palisade across the peninsula was no longer deferred. Dr. John Potts blazed the way by obtaining on July 12, 1632 a patent for 1,200 acres (4.9 km ) at the head of Archer's Hope Creek , midway between Chiskiack and the James River. On September 4, 1632, the General Assembly directed that land should be offered to all persons settling between Queen's Creek and Archer's Hope Creek, as it had been offered two years before to inhabitants at Chiskiack. In February, 1633,
1410-541: A plan with Gussie Busch in the early 1970s to turn a portion of the large tract of undeveloped land between the two points into the massive Anheuser-Busch (AB) investment there, which included building a large brewery, the Busch Gardens Williamsburg theme park , the Kingsmill planned resort community, and McLaws Circle, an office park. AB and related entities from that development plan now are
1504-407: A previous marriage. Winthrop and Jeanette had no children together and divorced shortly after he left the governorship in 1971. As the state's First Lady, Jeanette Rockefeller took a special interest in mental health issues. In September 1972, Rockefeller was diagnosed with inoperable pancreatic cancer and endured a devastating round of chemotherapy . When he returned to Arkansas the populace
1598-520: A river, Middle Plantation offered nearby access to two deepwater (6-7' depth) creeks leading to a choice of two rivers. Other advocates of the move included the Reverend Dr. Blair and Sir Francis Nicholson . Nicholson succeeded Sir Edmund Andros as governor of Virginia. The earlier work of several prominent individuals like John Page , Francis Page, Thomas Ludwell , Philip Ludwell , and Otho Thorpe in building their fine brick homes and creating
1692-546: A series of reforms but faced a hostile Democratic legislature. Rockefeller endured a number of personal attacks and a concerted whispering campaign regarding his personal life. Scholars Diane Blair and Jay L. Barth continue: "As long as Rockefeller led the Arkansas Republicans, the party had a progressive, reformist cast, and those whom Rockefeller had brought into the party continued to dominate party offices and shape presidential preferences until 1980," when
1786-467: A state house (except when it periodically burned) and a church, and it offered easy access to ships that came up the James River bringing goods from England and taking on tobacco bound for market. [4] However, the students argued that the change would escape the dreaded malaria and mosquitoes that had always plagued the Jamestown site. The students pointed out that, while not located immediately upon
1880-457: A substantial brick home, even larger than that of Page. The houses which Page and the Ludwells built were among the finest in the colony. The Pages' eldest son, Francis built another brick house nearby. By the third quarter of the seventeenth century, Middle Plantation began to look like a place of importance. During Bacon's Rebellion (1675), Middle Plantation was second only to Jamestown as
1974-593: A substantial town at Middle Plantation also played a major role. And, there was of course, the new College of William and Mary with its fine brick building. The proposal for the move was received favorably by the House of Burgesses . In 1699, the capital of the Virginia Colony was officially relocated to Middle Plantation. About the same time the Capital was moved, Middle Plantation was renamed Williamsburg by
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#17327725278462068-559: A weak administrator, he depended too heavily on staff, so improperly managed that the employees often failed to answer mail. He was habitually tardy to meetings. A special legislative session in May 1968 was particularly disastrous. An Oliver Quayle poll in 1968 declared that Rockefeller seemed "strange, alien, and foreign" to many voters. The poll maintained that many thought Rockefeller sought too much power, that he drank too much, and that he spent too little time in his office. A majority said that
2162-455: Is clearly the deadly enemy of any semblance of two-party government. ... Faithful Republican leaders who have worked tirelessly over the years have been pushed aside or replaced. ... A stranger passing through Arkansas at this time and seeing Mr. Rockefeller's advertising on billboards would not know whether Mr. Rockefeller belonged to any political party. Certainly the fact that he is the Republican nominee has not been included. The evidence simply
2256-423: Is located near the northern end, including a recreational center and a community swimming pool (however, the community center stopped operating the swimming pool in 2013.). However, there will be no direct motor vehicle connection to new development areas because the city elected to close Quarterpath Road at Tutters Neck Pond and convert it to a walking and biking trail, with access to Redoubt Park commemorating
2350-477: Is to empower disadvantaged people, increase economic opportunity, and sustain natural resources. The Winthrop Rockefeller Foundation provides funding for projects across Arkansas to encourage economic development, education, and racial and social justice. In 1964, he founded Museum of Automobiles on Petit Jean Mountain , which after his death in 1973 was given to the Arkansas State Parks system;
2444-500: Is unanswerable that Mr. Rockefeller is working for his own personal interest to the exclusion of all other considerations, which leaves the Republican Party in Arkansas hanging precariously at the whims of one individual ... . When Rockefeller made his second run in the 1966 election , only 11 percent of Arkansans considered themselves Republicans . But Arkansans had tired of Faubus after six terms as governor and as head of
2538-530: The American Civil War history there. A shopping center is being developed along a portion near Route 199, with other development including a hospital complex under construction on the largest undeveloped tract of land in the city. Studies in the area began in 2005 as plans to utilize some of the large tract of undeveloped land were in exploratory stages. According to the local Virginia Gazette newspaper, archaeologists working in 2008 found signs of
2632-760: The Confederate States Army in northern Virginia. Greatly outnumbered forces on the Peninsula initially under Major General John Bankhead Magruder delayed the advance through tactics which included elaborate ruses and physical barriers such as the Warwick Line (anchored by Mulberry Island and Yorktown ), and the much less substantial Williamsburg Line. During the Battle of Williamsburg on May 5, 1862, nearly 41,000 Federals and 32,000 Confederates were engaged. Confederate casualties, including
2726-579: The Indian Massacre of 1622 . At that time, 73 of the settlers were slain in Martin's Hundred at Wolstenholme Towne , situated on the James about 6 miles (9.7 km) below Jamestown. The survivors were so alarmed and weakened that they temporarily abandoned the settlement. Governor Francis Wyatt and his council wrote to the Earl of Southampton that they had a plan of "winning the forest" by running
2820-526: The James River . The new palisade provided some security from attacks by the Native Americans for colonists' farming and fishing lower on the Peninsula. The palisade is partially described in the following extract from a letter written in 1634, from Jamestown, by Captain Thomas Yonge: a strong palisade ... upon a streight between both rivers and ... a sufficient force of men to defence of
2914-647: The Loomis Chaffee School in Windsor, Connecticut . On January 22, 1941, he enlisted as a private in the Army , while the United States was still neutral during World War II. He was initially assigned to the 26th Regiment of the 1st Infantry Division. He was later assigned to the 77th Infantry Division . He eventually rose to the rank of lieutenant colonel . With the 77th Division he served in
Quarterpath Road - Misplaced Pages Continue
3008-592: The York River . As much of the lower peninsula to the east was becoming settled, this was a natural point for the English settlers who established Jamestown and the Virginia Colony beginning in 1607 to build a line of defense during early conflicts with the Native Americans . The idea of a palisade or fortification across the peninsula was discussed as early as 1611. Sir Thomas Dale , then governor, in
3102-399: The Arkansas delegation as a " favorite son " presidential candidate. He received all of his state's 18 votes; his brother Nelson, then concluding a major presidential bid against Richard M. Nixon , received 277. This was the only time in the 20th century that the names of two brothers were placed into nomination at the same time. The Rockefeller administration enthusiastically embarked on
3196-741: The Assembly discussed idea of moving the capital from Jamestown, but instead rebuilt the state house at Jamestown. In 1633, shortly after Middle Plantation was established, a parish of the Church of England with the same name, Middle Plantation Parish was established. The colonists soon built a wooden church. In 1644, Harrop Parish in James City County became active, and it united with Middle Plantation Parish in 1658 to form Middletown Parish . Marston Parish , founded in 1654 in adjacent York County merged with Middletown Parish in 1674 to form
3290-500: The Assembly enacted that a fortieth part of the men in "the compasse of the forest" east of Archer's Hope and Queen's Creek to Chesapeake Bay (essentially all of the lower peninsula) should be present "before the first day of March next" at Dr. John Potts' plantation, "newlie built," to erect houses and secure the land in that quarter. Work on the palisade had commenced by March 1, 1633. [2] With this labor, palisades, six miles (10 km) in length, were run from creek to creek, and, on
3384-543: The Capital of the Colony had been located at Jamestown , Middle Plantation became the new Capital of the Virginia Colony in 1699. It was soon renamed Williamsburg in honor of King William III of Great Britain , and is today the site of the Historic District known as Colonial Williamsburg . Royal Governor Sir Francis Nicholson described Middle Plantation as a place where "clear and crystal springs burst from
3478-466: The College Building, was built between 1695 and 1699 and remains the oldest academic building in continuous use in the United States. On October 20, 1698, the statehouse (capitol building) in Jamestown burned for the fourth time. Once again removing itself to a familiar alternate location, the legislature met at Middle Plantation, this time in the new College Building . While meeting there,
3572-644: The Democratic " machine ". Democrats themselves seemed to be more interested in the reforms that Rockefeller offered in his campaign than "winning another one for the party". An odd coalition of Republicans and Democratic reform voters catapulted Rockefeller into the governor's office, as he defeated a segregationist Democratic former Justice of the Arkansas Supreme Court, James D. Johnson of Conway in Faulkner County , who preferred
3666-669: The Democratic Party; they have to be run off." According to his biographer, Cathy Kunzinger Urwin, Rockefeller's "good-government" reform proposals included: revision of the Arkansas State Constitution, governmental administrative reorganization, election law reform (a "little Hatch Act " to prohibit state employees from engaging in political activities on the job), teacher tenure, taxpayer-funded kindergarten under Amendment 53, adult and continuing education programs, rehabilitation and vocational training in
3760-714: The Democrats to reform their own party. With the 1970 elections, the Republicans were reduced to a single member of each legislative chamber, Preston Bynum of Siloam Springs in the House and Jim Caldwell in the Senate. Danny Patrick, elected with Rockefeller in 1966 and 1968, went down to defeat in Madison and Carroll counties at the hands of Stephen A. Smith, who at twenty-one became Arkansas' youngest-ever state legislator,
3854-488: The Governor, Colonel Francis Nicholson , in honor of King William III of Great Britain . The new site was described by Governor Nicholson as a place where "clear and crystal springs burst from the champagne soil." Williamsburg remained the capital of Virginia until 1780. See article Williamsburg, Virginia for history after 1699 Winthrop Rockefeller Winthrop Rockefeller (May 1, 1912 – February 22, 1973)
Quarterpath Road - Misplaced Pages Continue
3948-587: The Quarterpath Road in James City County is now adjacent to and within the Kingsmill planned resort community. Near the intersection of Route 199, sections of the old Quarterpath Road and Carter's Grove Country Road each pass within sight of the county government complex, which is located on a heavily wooded site. With the city limits of Williamsburg, the section between U.S. Route 60 and State Route 199 still exists. Williamsburg's Quarterpath Park
4042-587: The Royal Governor to England. During the Rebellion, most of Jamestown was burned to the ground. The House of Burgesses moved temporarily to Middle Plantation while the reconstruction of the old parliament house was underway. Succeeding Berkeley on May 5, 1677, Acting Governor Sir Herbert Jeffreys invited the weroances of the neighboring Indian tribes to his camp to seek a lasting peace. On May 29, 1677, King Charles II's birthday, attendees included
4136-516: The War. Colonel Ewell, an older brother of Confederate Major General Richard S. Ewell , was tasked with designing fortifications across the Virginia Peninsula east of Williamsburg which became known as the "Williamsburg Line". Under his guidance, 14 mostly earthen redoubts were planned and built, taking advantage of the terrain, and anchored by the earthen Fort Magruder at the junction of
4230-444: The appellation "Justice Jim". Former state Republican chairman Osro Cobb reversed himself in 1966 and endorsed Rockefeller. He explains: Arkansas Republicans were eager to work with Winthrop Rockefeller on another race for governor if he could be led to run as a true Republican to help build the party in the state. I liked him personally. He showed me many courtesies, and I still thought [despite feelings in 1964] that he would make
4324-546: The cavalry skirmishing on May 4, were 1,682. Union casualties were 2,283. The area along the Quarterpath Road saw fierce fighting. Several of the redoubts still exist there, and have been preserved, as has a small portion of Fort Magruder along Penniman Road. At the time, the Northern press portrayed the battle as a victory for the Federal army. McClellan mis-categorized it as a "brilliant victory" over superior forces. However,
4418-437: The center of the political upheaval. On August 3, at the house of Major Otho Thorpe at Middle Plantation, Nathaniel Bacon held a convention of the leading men, including four councillors. They adopted resolutions stressing independence from the people in power. The people pledged themselves to resist the Royal Governor, Sir William Berkeley to the utmost, and to oppose any force sent out from England. Historians note that it
4512-481: The champagne soil." Middle Plantation was located on a ridge at the western edge of a geographic plateau of the Tidewater Region of southeastern Virginia , from which the land of the coastal plain slopes eastward down to sea level at the lower end of the Virginia Peninsula . At this point, the land portion of the Peninsula was relatively narrow between two creeks which drained into the James River and
4606-487: The colony. Blair returned with the charter for a new college, and selected land adjacent to Middle Plantation as the site. There they established The College of William & Mary , named for the reigning King and Queen of England. The College opened in temporary buildings in 1694. It was given a seat in the House of Burgesses and was supported by taxation of a penny per pound on tobacco exported from Maryland and Virginia. Sir Christoper Wren Building , formerly known as
4700-411: The completion in 1634 of a continuous fortification , or palisade , across the peninsula a distance of about 6 miles (9.7 km) between Archer's Hope Creek (later renamed College Creek ), which drained southerly to the James River and Queen's Creek , which drained northerly to the York River. Also in 1634, James City Shire was established by the House of Burgesses to include Middle Plantation and
4794-491: The corrections system, and the recurring attempts at industrial recruitment. One of Rockefeller's most publicized "good-government" reforms was the ending of illegal gambling in the resort city of Hot Springs . He also made headway in streamlining state government and secured passage of a state minimum-wage law. Urwin determined that Rockefeller's negatives created public perceptions of "his personal flaws, rather than his accomplishments or lack of them, as governor." Considered
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#17327725278464888-405: The country ... As Middle Plantation was developed midway between the heads of Queens Creek and Archer's Hope (later renamed College Creek), settlers moved into the region in considerable numbers, establishing homesteads. Among these was Rich Neck Plantation . Not much is known of the early years of the settlement; the palisades made it a place of refuge from Indian attack. [3] On April 27, 1644,
4982-685: The defense of Williamsburg was seen by the South as a means of delaying the Federals, which allowed the bulk of the Confederate army to continue its withdrawal toward Richmond. (Benjamin Ewell's efforts to save and restore the college after the War became legendary in the U.S. Congress and the Williamsburg community). For much of the 20th century, most of the adjacent land to the Quarterpath Road
5076-658: The east in what became the modern day Grove Community . For many years, the Quarterpath Road was the most direct route between Williamsburg and the landing on the James River at Burwell's which was east of Jamestown and more convenient to the Chesapeake Bay and the Atlantic Ocean . In 1775, as the hostilities which became the American Revolutionary War escalated, British troops loyal to the final Royal Governor, Lord Dunmore , walked along
5170-426: The execution of William Drummond . Berkeley suggested he may have been "the original cause of the whole Rebellion." The same day on which Drummond was executed, the rebel Jean Baptista , a Frenchman, was also hanged there. Berkley also hanged many other colonists who had been involved in the uprising. Upon learning of the many executions, King Charles II was so displeased by the scale of retaliation that he recalled
5264-412: The fine Republican state organization into a one-man Rockefeller machine, loyal not to party but to Rockefeller personally. In rapid succession, Mr. Rockefeller captiously took over most of the functions of the state chairman and in a matter of months succeeded in taking over and exercising absolute right of dictation as to each and every important party function at the state level. Such one-man dictatorship
5358-459: The first Republican governor of Arkansas since Reconstruction . Despite accusations of lacking insight into the concerns of low-income voters, Rockefeller was re-elected in 1968 , and went on to complete the integration of Arkansas schools. Winthrop Rockefeller was born in New York, to philanthropists John Davison Rockefeller Jr. and socialite, Abigail Greene "Abby" Aldrich . He is one of
5452-405: The first two brothers to be governors at the same time, but they were actually the third case; the previous instances were Levi and Enoch Lincoln from 1827 to 1829, and John and William Bigler from 1852 to 1855. More recently, George W. and Jeb Bush were both governors from 1999 to 2000. At the 1968 Republican National Convention , Winthrop Rockefeller received backing from members of
5546-696: The former Farmers Home Administration in Washington, D.C. , and was replaced by Ken Coon , who carried the party's gubernatorial banner in 1974 against David Pryor . In the 1970 campaign, Rockefeller expected to face Orval Faubus, who led the old-guard Democrats, but the previously unknown Dale Bumpers of Charleston in Franklin County rose to the top of the Democratic heap by promising reforms. Bumpers' charisma and "fresh face" were too much for an incumbent Republican to overcome. Rockefeller lost his third-term bid, but he had inadvertently propelled
5640-551: The frontlets, presented to the queen of Pamunkey, is now held by the Virginia Historical Society . As Bacon's forces had destroyed the statehouse and all other buildings at Jamestown, the first General Assembly summoned after the rebellion was held in February, 1677, at Berkeley's residence, Green Spring Plantation . In October, the assembly met at Major Otho Thorpe's house in Middle Plantation. That year,
5734-444: The grandsons of Standard Oil co-founder John D. Rockefeller . He had one elder sister named Abby , three elder brothers John III , Nelson , and Laurance , and a younger brother named David . Nelson served as Governor of New York and Vice President of the United States under Gerald Ford . Winthrop attended Yale University (1931–1934) before resigning to go work in the oil industry. Prior to attending Yale, he graduated from
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#17327725278465828-596: The highest level of racial integration of any U.S. state by the time that Rockefeller left office. He was also the only governor from a Southern state to hold a public memorial for Martin Luther King Jr. In 1970, the Arkansas GOP under Rockefeller hired its first paid executive director, Neal Sox Johnson of Nashville in Howard County . Johnson left the position in 1973 to take a high position with
5922-651: The invasions of Guam and Leyte in the Philippines. He earned a Bronze Star with Oak Leaf Clusters and a Purple Heart for his actions aboard the troopship USS Henrico , after a kamikaze attack during the invasion of Okinawa . His image appears in the Infantry Officer Hall of Fame at Fort Benning , Georgia . Rockefeller resigned his position with the AIDC and conducted his first campaign for governor in 1964 against Orval Faubus . His campaign
6016-474: The new Bruton Parish . The name "Bruton Parish" honored the prominent Ludwell family and Governor Sir William Berkeley , whose ancestral homes were at Bruton in Somerset, England. Reverend Roland Jones was the first minister of Bruton Parish. In 1678, Colonel John Page (Middle Plantation) , a wealthy colonist, donated a plot of land about 144 feet (44 m) by 180 feet (55 m) and funds for building
6110-447: The new revenues sought on education, 12 percent on health and welfare, 10 percent on local government, and the remainder on state employee salaries and streamlined services. "There are no frills in what I am proposing ... . no luxuries ... . no monuments to me as an individual ... . I implore every member of the General Assembly as I have myself: Listen to the voice of the people ... . not to the selfish interests." Ernest Dumas, then with
6204-441: The nomination and election of Ronald Reagan of California as president and Frank D. White as governor moved power within the state GOP "sharply to the right." Ultimately the growth of the Republican Party was slower in Arkansas than in the other southern states in the post-segregation era. Blair and Barth attribute sluggish GOP development to "tradition, [which] is important to rural people. They are looking for ways to stay with
6298-470: The only practical road down the Peninsula was over this ridge, and this road was easily defended. At Middle Plantation, some years later, this road was later to be called Duke of Gloucester Street . By 1634, the palisade (or stockade) was completed across the Virginia Peninsula , which was about 6 miles (9.7 km) wide at that point between Queen's Creek which fed into the York River and Archer's Hope Creek, (since renamed College Creek ) which fed into
6392-642: The peninsula adjacent to the York River by the English settlers before 1630, and no action on a cross-peninsula palisade had taken place. Under Governor John Harvey , at a meeting held at Jamestown, October 8, 1630, Governor Harvey and the Governor's Council, "for the securing and taking in a tract of land called the forest, bordering upon the cheife residence of ye Pamunkey King, the most dangerous head of ye Indyan enemy," did "after much consultation thereof had, decree and sett down several proportions of land for such commanders, and fifty acres per poll for all other persons who ye first yeare and five and twenty acres who
6486-469: The prison system. He decried the "lack of righteous indignation" about the situation and created a new Department of Corrections. He appointed a new warden, academic Tom Murton , the first professional penologist that the state had ever retained in that capacity. However, he fired Murton less than a year later, when Murton's aggressive attempts to expose decades of corruption in the system subjected Arkansas to nationwide contempt. Rockefeller also focused on
6580-420: The project, told the newspaper: "It was probably oriented more toward the river. Tobacco was probably grown and hauled to the river for shipment. Later, when Williamsburg began to grow, the outlying farmer probably began to see it as a market." Middle Plantation (Virginia) Middle Plantation in the Virginia Colony was the unincorporated town established in 1632 that became Williamsburg in 1699. It
6674-827: The queen of the Pamunkey , her son, Captain John West; the queen of the Weyanoke , the king of the Nottoways , King Shurenough of the Manakins ( Monacans ), and the king of the Nansemonds . By the articles which they all signed, the Indian leaders agreed to live in due submission to the English people. As a guarantee of good treatment, Jeffreys presented each of them with a coronet or frontlet adorned with false jewels. One of
6768-438: The ridge between, a settlement to be called Middle Plantation was made. It represented the first major inland settlement for the colony. The doctor would have certainly recognized the sanitary advantages of the country around Middle Plantation. As the ridge between the creeks was remarkably well drained, there were few mosquitoes . The deep ravines penetrating from the north and south made the place of much strategic value. Also,
6862-652: The road to steal gunpowder and munitions from the colony's stores at the Powder Magazine in Williamsburg. During the American Civil War (1861–1865), although he had personally hoped to avoid secession and a war for Virginia, James City County resident Benjamin S. Ewell , the president of the College of William and Mary , joined the local Virginia militia as the Board of Visitors closed the college during
6956-469: The roads to Williamsburg leading from Lee's Mill and Yorktown. Several of the redoubts to the southwest were located near (and west) of the Quarterpath Road and protected it. In the 1862 Peninsula Campaign , Union forces commanded by Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan attempted to move northwesterly up the Peninsula from Fort Monroe and capture the Confederate capital of Richmond by circumventing
7050-493: The same, granting blanket commutations to the 167 inmates then sentenced to death in the state. An article in Texas Monthly alleges Candace Johnson née Weatherby, later to become the well-known Houston socialite Candy Mossler , was involved with Winthrop Rockefeller during his military service in the South. On February 14, 1948, Winthrop married actress Jievute "Bobo" Paulekiute (September 6, 1916 – May 19, 2008). She
7144-481: The same, whereby all the lower part of Virginia have a range for their cattle, near fortie miles in length and in most places twelve miles (19 km) broade. The pallisades is very neare six miles (10 km) long, bounded in by two large Creekes. ... in this manner to take also in all the grounde between those two Rivers, and so utterly excluded the Indians from thence; which work is conceived to be of extraordinary benefit to
7238-693: The second major Indian massacre occurred in the Colony. At that time, the Chief of the Powhatan Confederacy , Opechancanough , was captured. Although this event was to represent the high-water mark of hostilities with the Natives, in 1646, Captain Robert Higginson was directed to run a new pale at Middle Plantation, as the old was out of repair. By the 1650s, Middle Plantation began to look both populated and wealthy. Colonel John Page ,
7332-462: The second yeare, should adventure or be adventured to seate and inhabit on the southern side of Pamunkey River, now called York, and formerly known by the Indyan name of Chiskiack, as a reward and encouragement for this their undertaking." Under this order, houses were built on both sides of King's Creek, and extended rapidly up and down the south side of the York River. By September, 1632, population on
7426-604: The since defunct Arkansas Gazette in Little Rock noted that the Rockefeller revenue package was essentially dead-on-arrival in both houses of the legislature though parts of the program were enacted piecemeal in the subsequent administration of the Democrat Dale Bumpers . Dumas describes Rockefeller as the "most liberal governor in Arkansas history" in light of his attempts to increase taxes to augment
7520-469: The size and scope of state government as well as steadfast support for civil rights and opposition to capital punishment. During this term Rockefeller quietly and successfully completed the integration of Arkansas schools that had been such a political bombshell only a few years before. He established the Council on Human Relations despite opposition from the legislature. Draft boards in the state boasted
7614-420: The source of the area's largest employment base, surpassing both Colonial Williamsburg and the local military bases. Although all of the Quarterpath Road was originally in James City County, Williamsburg became an independent city from the county in the late 19th century. Border adjustments through annexation have divided the roadway between these two local political subdivisions of Virginia . The portion of
7708-523: The south side of the York River had become considerable enough to claim two representatives in the General Assembly . The region on the York River was divided into two plantations , one retaining the old name, Chiskiack (an Indian name), and the other to be named York. The latter was settled by Sir John Harvey at the mouth of Wormeley's Creek , about three miles (5 km) below the present Yorktown . Years later, Captain Nicholas Martiau ,
7802-532: The state scene. Rockefeller was the subject of the December 2, 1966, cover of Time magazine. Winthrop Rockefeller's son and only child, Win, served as Arkansas lieutenant governor, having won a special election in 1996 to succeed Mike Huckabee . Winthrop Paul Rockefeller then won two full four-year terms in 1998 and 2002. Like his father, Win Paul Rockefeller's political career was cut short by
7896-406: The state's lackluster educational system and proposed funding increases for new buildings and teacher salaries when the legislature allowed. Much of Rockefeller's second term was spent in conflict with the opposition legislature. In 1969, he told the lawmakers that his reelection the previous November had meant that a slim majority of voters had approved of tax increases. He proposed to spend half of
7990-505: The structure came in 1694 when the Governor, Sir Edmund Andros , gave the parish a large silver server (paten). The church was replaced by a larger building finished in 1715 which is still extant. After years of campaigning, a long-sought dream of the colonists came to fruition in 1693 following a mission to London by the Reverend Doctor James Blair , the highest ranking representative of the Church of England in
8084-399: The surrounding area. James City Shire soon thereafter became James City County , the oldest county in the United States. As the small town grew, a new Bruton Parish Church was constructed there. In 1693, Middle Plantation was selected as the site of the new College of William & Mary . After serving as a temporary meeting place several times during contingencies of the 17th century when
8178-546: The wealthy Rockefeller, despite his interest in "good government," could not understand the problems of common people on restricted incomes or those in the middle class with limited investment opportunities. Rockefeller had a particular interest in the reform of the Arkansas prison system . Soon after his election he had received a shocking report from the Arkansas State Police on the brutal conditions within
8272-468: Was a struggle for power between Bacon and his followers and the more established settlers represented by Berkeley. During the resulting conflict, Governor Berkeley retreated to the Eastern Shore . After Bacon died of natural causes later that year, Berkeley soon regained power and returned to the Peninsula. After Bacon's death and the suppression of his followers, Middle Plantation was the site of
8366-431: Was an American politician and philanthropist. Rockefeller was the fourth son and fifth child of American financier John D. Rockefeller Jr. and Abby Aldrich Rockefeller . He was one of the grandchildren of Standard Oil co-founder John D. Rockefeller . As an entrepreneur in Arkansas, he financed many local projects, including a number of new medical clinics in poorer areas, before being elected state governor in 1966 , as
8460-403: Was located on high ground about halfway across the Virginia Peninsula between the James River and York River . Middle Plantation represented the first major inland settlement for the colony. It was established by an Act of Assembly to provide a link between Jamestown and Chiskiack , a settlement located across the Peninsula on the York River. Middle Plantation's growth was encouraged by
8554-596: Was owned by the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation (CW). Under the leadership of CW Chairman Winthrop Rockefeller , a large tract was sold to Anheuser-Busch (AB) in the early 1970s for planned development. Among the goals were to complement Colonial Williamsburg attractions and enhance the local economy. The result was a large brewery, the Busch Gardens Williamsburg theme park , the Kingsmill planned resort community, and an office park. AB and related entities from that development plan now are
8648-579: Was previously married to Boston Brahmin socialite John Sears Jr. The wedding took place in Florida , and at the reception, a choir sang Negro spirituals . On September 17, 1948, she gave birth to their son, Winthrop Paul "Win" Rockefeller . The couple separated in 1950 and divorced in 1954. Bobo got custody of Win. On June 11, 1956, Rockefeller wed the Seattle -born socialite Jeanette Edris (1918–1997). She had two children, Bruce and Ann Bartley, from
8742-921: Was shocked at his gaunt and haggard appearance. Winthrop Rockefeller died February 22, 1973, in Palm Springs, California , at the age of sixty. His body was cremated, and his ashes were interred at Winrock Farms in Morrilton, Arkansas. The legacy of Winthrop Rockefeller lives on in the form of numerous charities, scholarships, and the activities of the Winthrop Rockefeller Foundation and the Winthrop Rockefeller Charitable Trust , including Winrock International, an international nonprofit organization based in Little Rock, Arkansas whose mission
8836-642: Was ultimately unsuccessful, but Rockefeller energized and reformed the tiny Republican Party to set the stage for the future. In 1964, Osro Cobb , a Republican former state chairman who had also served as United States Attorney for the Eastern District of Arkansas , refused to endorse Rockefeller but openly endorsed Faubus, who subsequently gave Cobb a temporary appointment to the Arkansas Supreme Court . In his memoirs, Cobb recalls that Rockefeller had used ruthless tactics to convert
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