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30-547: Queen Margaret may refer to: Queens regnant [ edit ] Margaret of Scotland (Maid of Norway) (1286–1290), heiress of Scotland and disputed Queen of Scots Margaret I of Denmark (1353–1412), de facto Queen Regnant of Denmark, Norway and Sweden in the early 15th century Margrethe II of Denmark (born 1940), Queen Regnant of Denmark from 1972 to 2024 Tui Manu'a Matelita (1872–1895), born Margaret Young, Queen of Manu'a in

60-544: A pilgrimage to Jerusalem . Leo befriended him and employed him as his secretary. Dardel returned to Europe to plead the case of Leo and his family, and managed to convince King John I of Castile to pay a ransom of precious stones, silks, and birds of prey in 1382. However, this came too late for Margaret and Marie. Margaret was with her young daughter in Cairo when the princess died in 1381. Margaret probably died soon afterwards. Margaret and her daughter were buried together in

90-606: A student union at the University of Glasgow, Scotland Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Queen Margaret . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Queen_Margaret&oldid=1207246850 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Title and name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

120-463: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Margaret of Scotland (Maid of Norway) Margaret ( Norwegian : Margrete , Scottish Gaelic : Maighread ; March or April 1283 – September 1290), known as the Maid of Norway , was the queen-designate of Scotland from 1286 until her death. As she was never inaugurated , her status as monarch

150-541: Is uncertain and has been debated by historians. Margaret was the daughter of King Eric II of Norway and Margaret of Scotland . By the end of the reign of her maternal grandfather, King Alexander III of Scotland , she was his only surviving descendant and recognized heir presumptive . Alexander III died in 1286, his posthumous child was stillborn, and Margaret inherited the crown. Owing to her young age, she remained in Norway rather than going to Scotland. Her father and

180-624: The English match for "the lady Margaret queen of Scotland, our lady". It was strongly implied that Margaret's husband would be king, and Edward insisted on referring to Margaret as queen in order to speed up the accession of his own son, although the Scots themselves normally described her only as their lady. Negotiations about Margaret's marriage, dower , succession, and the nature of the intended personal union between England and Scotland continued into 1290. A lavishly provisioned ship failed to fetch

210-528: The Maid in May because of diplomatic difficulties. The Treaty of Birgham , agreed on 18 July, provided that Scotland was to remain fully independent despite the personal union and that Margaret alone would be inaugurated as monarch at Scone . By late August 1290, Margaret was preparing to sail from Bergen to the island of Great Britain or was already at sea. The ship was her father's but he did not accompany her;

240-617: The North Sea – Norway, Scotland, and England, and placed her at the centre of the Scottish succession intrigues. Margaret of Soissons, Queen of Armenia Margaret's first husband was Honfroy de Scandelion, this marriage was only short and bore no children, her husband presumably died. Margaret's second marriage was to Leo V, King of Armenia , an illegitimate son of Jean de Lusignan , Constable of Armenia and Soldane of Georgia. They married at Cyprus in May, 1369. In 1374 Leo

270-548: The Scottish leaders negotiated her marriage to Edward of Caernarfon , son of King Edward I of England . She was finally sent to Great Britain in September 1290, but died in Orkney , sparking off the succession dispute between thirteen competitors for the crown of Scotland . Margaret, Maid of Norway, was the only child of King Eric II of Norway and his first wife, Margaret , daughter of King Alexander III of Scotland . She

300-3108: The Young King of England and Queen Consort of Béla III of Hungary Margaret of Hungary (born 1175, living 1223), Byzantine Empress by marriage, in second marriage Queen consort of Thessalonica Margaret of Bohemia (also known as Dagmar of Bohemia ; c. 1186–1212/13), Queen Consort of Valdemar II of Denmark Margaret of Austria (c. 1204–1266), Queen Consort of Henry VII of Germany and Ottokar II of Bohemia Margaret Skulesdatter (1208–1270), Queen Consort of Haakon IV of Norway Margaret of Bourbon (1211–1256), Queen Consort of Theobald I of Navarre Margaret of Provence (1221–1295), Queen Consort of Louis IX of France Margaret Sambiria (1230?–1282), Queen Consort of Christopher I of Denmark Margaret of England (1240–1275), Queen Consort of Alexander III of Scotland Margaret of Burgundy (1250–1308), Queen Consort of Charles I of Sicily Margaret of Brandenburg (1270–1315), Queen Consort of Przemysł II of Poland Margaret of Brabant (1276–1311), Queen Consort of Henry VII of Germany Margaret of Lusignan (1276–1296), Queen Consort of Thoros III of Armenia Margaret of Scotland (1261–1283), Queen Consort of Eric II of Norway Margaret of France (died 1318), Queen Consort of Edward I of England Margaret of Burgundy (1290–1315), Queen Consort of Louis X of France Margaret II, Countess of Hainaut (1311–1356), Queen consort of Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor Margaret of Bohemia (1335–1349), Queen Consort of Louis I of Hungary Margaret Drummond (1340–1375), Queen Consort of David II of Scotland Margaret of Soissons, Queen of Armenia , Queen Consort of Leo V of Armenia Margaret of Durazzo (1347–1412), Queen Consort of Charles III of Naples Margaret of Prades (1395–1422/88–1429), Queen Consort of King Martin of Aragon Margaret of Anjou (1430–1482), Queen Consort of Henry VI of England, appears in Shakespeare's first tetralogy of history plays Margaret of Denmark (1456–1486), Queen Consort of James III of Scotland Margaret Tudor (1489–1541), Queen Consort of James IV of Scotland and elder sister of Henry VIII of England Marguerite de Navarre (1492–1549), Queen Consort of Henry II of Navarra Margaret Leijonhufvud (1516–1551), Queen Consort of Gustav I of Sweden Margaret of Valois (1553–1615), Queen Consort of Henry IV of France Margaret of Austria (1584–1611), Queen Consort of Philip III of Spain Margaret Theresa of Spain (1651–1673), Queen Consort of Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor Margherita of Savoy (1851–1926), Queen Consort of Umberto I of Italy Organisations [ edit ] Queen Margaret's School, York , an independent girls' school in York, England Queen Margaret University , in Edinburgh, Scotland Queen Margaret Union ,

330-461: The arms of Bishop Narve. The Scottish magnates, who had assembled at Scone for the child queen's inauguration, learned about her death in October. Her body was returned to Bergen, where King Eric insisted on having the coffin opened to confirm his daughter's identity. He then had it buried in the north wall of the chancel of Christ Church , now destroyed. Margaret was the last legitimate scion of

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360-435: The city of Bergen shows that her future marriage was expected to be important to the kingdom's foreign policy. The 1281 treaty arranging the marriage of Eric of Norway and Margaret of Scotland specified that the Scottish princess and her children would succeed to the throne of Scotland if King Alexander died leaving no legitimate sons and if no legitimate son of King Alexander left legitimate children. It also stated that

390-473: The country. Although the succession had been laid out by the time King Alexander III died, Margaret's accession was not yet assured: her stepgrandmother, Queen Yolanda, was pregnant and the child was expected to succeed to the throne. There was a dispute in parliament in April involving Robert Bruce, 5th Lord of Annandale , and John Balliol , Lord of Galloway . Bruce may have opposed the Maid's succession, or

420-536: The couple's daughters could inherit the Norwegian throne "if it is the custom". The Scottish party seems to have been deceived because the succession law of Norway, codified in 1280, provided only for succession by males, meaning that the Maid could not have succeeded to her father's kingdom. Alexander , brother of Margaret's mother and the last surviving child of the King of Scotland, died on 28 January 1284. The Maid

450-427: The death of his son, the latter responded that "much good may come to pass yet through your kinswoman, the daughter of your niece ... who is now our heir", suggesting that the two kings may have already been discussing a suitable marriage for Margaret. Alexander and his magnates may have hoped for an English match. King Alexander took a new wife, Yolanda of Dreux , on 14 October 1285, hoping to father another child. On

480-428: The evening of 18 March 1286, he set out, in stormy weather on horseback, against advice, to meet with Queen Yolanda, only to be found dead with a cervical fracture of his spine the next day. Following the unexpected death of King Alexander, Scottish magnates gathered to discuss the kingdom's future. They swore to preserve the throne for the right heir and chose six regents , known as guardians of Scotland , to govern

510-676: The late 19th century Empress consort [ edit ] see below: Margaret of Hungary Queens consort [ edit ] Saint Margaret of Scotland (c. 1045–1093), Queen Consort of Malcolm III Margareta Hasbjörnsdatter , Queen Consort of Harald III of Denmark Margaret Fredkulla (1080s–1130), Queen Consort of Magnus III of Norway and King Niels of Denmark Margaret of Navarre (1135–1183), Queen Consort of William I of Sicily Margaret of L'Aigle , Queen Consort of García Ramírez of Navarre Margaret of Sweden (c. 1155–1209), Queen Consort of King Sverre of Norway Margaret of France (1157–1197), junior Queen Consort of Henry

540-456: The line of King William the Lion . Thirteen men laid claim to succession, most notably Bruce and Balliol. King Eric half-heartedly claimed the Scottish crown as well and died in 1299. In 1301 she was impersonated by a German woman, False Margaret , who was burned at the stake. Historians debate whether Margaret should be considered a queen and included in the list of Scottish monarchs . She

570-419: The monarch of Scotland and treated her as such, sending to her a bull regarding the episcopal election of Matthew de Crambeth . In modern historiography she is nearly unanimously called "queen", and reference books give 19 March 1286, the date of Alexander III's death, as the start of her reign. Margaret's family ties resulted from the marital diplomacy that sought to ensure peace among the three kingdoms on

600-424: The most prominent men in her entourage were Bishop Narve and Baron Tore Håkonsson. She presumably embarked in good health but became ill during her journey. The ship landed in Orkney , a Norwegian archipelago off the coast of Scotland, on about 23 September. Having suffered on Orkney for up to a week from either food poisoning or, less likely, motion sickness , Margaret died between 26 and 29 September 1290 in

630-412: The other hand, documents issued from late 1286 no longer refer to the "king whosoever he may be", indicating that the throne may have been regarded as already occupied by Margaret. Another of her biographers, Norman H. Reid, insists that Margaret was "accepted as queen" by her contemporaries but that, owing to the lack of Inauguration, "[her] reign never started". Pope Nicholas IV considered Margaret to be

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660-408: The situation made King Eric reluctant to see his three-year-old daughter leave Norway for Scotland. In May 1289, Eric II sent envoys to Edward I as part of the kings' unfolding discussion about the future of Margaret, whom they called "lady and queen". As Margaret was still with her father, the Scots could only observe the negotiations between the two kings. Eric was indebted to Edward, and Edward

690-557: The two men may have both claimed to be next in line to the throne after Yolanda's child and Margaret. Queen Yolanda delivered a stillborn child in November, and within a few months King Eric's most prominent councillor, Bjarne Erlingsson  [ no ] , arrived in Scotland to claim the kingdom for Margaret. Bruce raised a rebellion with his son, Robert, Earl of Carrick , but was defeated in early 1287. The precariousness of

720-505: Was born in Tønsberg , a coastal town in southeastern Norway, between March and 9 April 1283, when her mother died , apparently from the complications of childbirth . Aged fifteen and possessing little royal authority, King Eric did not have much say about his daughter's future. The infant Margaret was instead in the custody of the leading Norwegian magnate, Narve  [ no ; de ] , Bishop of Bergen . Margaret's upbringing in

750-412: Was born to his son. By April it had presumably become clear that the young Alexander's widow was not expecting a child and that Margaret was the heir presumptive . Alexander III's wife, another Margaret , sister of King Edward I of England , had died in 1275, and the oath he exacted strongly implied that he now intended to remarry. When Edward expressed his condolence to Alexander III that month for

780-432: Was determined to make the most of the situation. The guardians, accompanied by Bruce, finally met with English and Norwegian envoys at Salisbury in October. The Treaty of Salisbury was drawn up on 6 November 1289, stating that Eric and Margaret, "queen and heir of the kingdom", asked Edward to intervene on behalf of his grandniece so "that she could ordain and enjoy therein as other kings do in their kingdoms". Margaret

810-564: Was invited to the Armenian throne. Margaret and Leo were crowned King and Queen of Armenia on September 14 at Sis . Margaret and Leo had a daughter, Marie. Leo and his family sent into captivity in Egypt after the Egyptian troops occupied the Armenian capital in 1375. The royal family was relatively well treated. In August 1377, Leo met with Jean Dardel , a Franciscan who was on his way for

840-399: Was left as the only living descendant of Alexander III. The King did not wait to discover whether his son's widow, Margaret of Flanders , was pregnant. Already, on 5 February, he had all thirteen earls , twenty-four barons , and three clan chiefs come to Scone and swear to recognize his granddaughter as his successor if he died leaving neither son nor daughter and if no posthumous child

870-475: Was never inaugurated, and her contemporaries in Scotland described her as queen very rarely, referring to her instead as their "lady". She was usually called Scotland's "lady", "heir", or "lady and heir" and rarely as "queen" during the deliberations of the Great Cause after her death. One of her biographers, Archie Duncan , argues that because she was "never inaugurated, she was never queen of Scots". On

900-512: Was to be sent, by 1 November 1290, to England directly or via Scotland. Once the Scots could assure Edward that Scotland was peaceful and safe, he would send her to them. Edward was allowed to choose her husband, though her father retained the right to veto the choice. At Edward's request, a papal dispensation permitting Margaret to marry her granduncle's son, Edward of Caernarfon , was issued on 16 November 1289. The guardians and other prelates and magnates wrote that they were firmly in favour of

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