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52-806: The company was founded by Adam van der Wal as a joiner 's shop in 1869 in Groot-Ammers - a rural village in the Alblasserwaard region to the east of Rotterdam . At the end of the 19th century, Adam's son, Jan van der Wal, took over the business and worked as a construction contractor not only in the Alblasserwaard region but at further afield locations, including Vlaardingen and The Hague , where he soon opted to relocate to. Jan's son, Joop van der Wal, studied civil engineering in Delft prior to joining his father’s company in 1926. During 1927,

104-732: A marine joiner may work with materials other than wood such as linoleum, fibreglass, hardware, and gaskets. The terms joinery and joiner are in common use in Canada, UK, Australia, and New Zealand. The term is not in common use in America, although the main trade union for American carpenters is called the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America . In the UK, an apprentice of wood occupations could choose to study bench joinery or site carpentry and joinery. Bench joinery

156-403: A profit warning and launched an investigation into the incurring of £78m of losses at its German construction subsidiary. In July 2008, HBG was rebranded as Bam Construct UK . During mid-2010, the company's share price was impacted by a rights issue . Several times during the 2010s, Royal BAM produced underwhelming fiscal results; this circumstance was attributed as the cause of job losses and

208-416: A center-stage setup is used (the stage in the middle of the pitch); for end-stage music concerts, the capacity is 50,000; and for music concerts for which the stage is located in the east side of the stadium, the capacity is 35,000. It held UEFA five-star stadium status, which was superseded by a new system of classification. Amsterdam was one of six cities that bid to host the 1992 Summer Olympics . In 1986,

260-412: A general respiration rate; a generally-assumed time length for acclimating a board to its locale is 1 year per inch of thickness. In preparing raw wood for eventual usage as furniture or structures, one must account for uneven respiration and changes in the wood's dimensions, as well as cracking or checking. Wood is stronger when stressed along the grain (longitudinally) than it is when stressed across

312-401: A joiner is colloquially known as a "chippy". The Institute of Carpenters recognizes the following professionals working in wood: Amsterdam Arena Netherlands professional footballer Eponyms and public art Related The Johan Cruyff Arena ( Dutch : Johan Cruijff Arena [ˈjoːɦɑŋ ˈkrœyf aːˌreːnaː] ; officially stylised as Johan Cruijff ArenA ) is

364-662: A new Olympic stadium was designed, with a football field and an athletics track. It was to be built in the area of Strandvliet in Amsterdam Zuidoost . After Amsterdam lost the bid to Barcelona in October 1986, the plans for the new stadium were abandoned. In 1987, the Stichting Amsterdam Sportstad (English: "Amsterdam Sports City Foundation") was established, which made new plans for a sports stadium with an all-seated capacity of 55,000. In 1990,

416-488: A new design was made based on both previous designs, with a football field, an athletics track, and completely covered by a roof. By this time, AFC Ajax needed a new stadium, as their previous home ground, De Meer , was far too small for most of Ajax's games. Since the late 1960s, Ajax had moved its most important games to Olympisch Stadion . Indeed, from the 1930s onward, Ajax had played most of their European fixtures and midweek night games at Olympisch Stadion. Once more,

468-705: A plan to its British-centric activities a top three contractor; at the time, management had opted to concentrate on its core businesses in the UK, Ireland and the Netherlands. In October 2022, Dutch authorities (the Fiscal Information and Investigation Service and the Public Prosecution Service ) visited BAM International bv offices in Gouda , in an investigation relating to potential irregularities at some completed projects; Royal BAM

520-466: A restructuring effort being launched in 2014. While performance has reportedly recorded in the UK by 2016, both Germany and the Middle East were stated to be the source of losses incurred by the business towards the end of the decade. In July 2020, Royal BAM announced that it was winding down its 600-strong BAM International business, attributing this decision to the negative economic consequences of

572-414: A retractable roof with a grass surface. This caused some problems in the beginning: the turf's grass would not grow in the shade of the open roof and had to be replaced up to four times a year. In September 2015, plans were presented to renovate the stadium's facade. The renovation should provide better quality and service to visitors by widening the walkway rings around the stadium, creating more room for

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624-459: Is considered a form of carpentry . Many traditional wood joinery techniques use the distinctive material properties of wood , often without resorting to mechanical fasteners or adhesives. While every culture of woodworking has a joinery tradition, wood joinery techniques have been especially well-documented, and are celebrated, in the Indian, Chinese , European, and Japanese traditions. Because of

676-564: Is only distantly related to the modern practice of woodworking joints , which are the work of carpenters. This new technique developed over several centuries and joiners started making more complex furniture and panelled rooms. Cabinetmaking became its own distinct furniture-making trade too, so joiners (under that name) became more associated with the room panelling trade. By the height of craft woodworking (late 18th century), carpenters, joiners, and cabinetmakers were all distinct and would serve different apprenticeships . In British English ,

728-652: Is rated as Category 4 by UEFA , the other being the Feijenoord Stadion in Rotterdam . The Ajax Museum is located in the stadium, which shows Ajax's more than 120 years of history. The nearest train and subway (metro) station is Amsterdam Bijlmer Arena . The metro lines 50 and 54 (Amsterdam Central Station and city center) stop here. The stadium is the home of AFC Ajax in the Eredivisie and European matches. The inaugural match on 14 August 1996

780-480: Is the preparation, setting out, and manufacture of joinery components while site carpentry and joinery focus on the installation of the joinery components, and on the setting out and fabrication of timber elements used in construction . In Canada, joinery is considered a separate trade from carpentry. Both having their own apprenticeship path and red-seal certification. In the history of technology in Europe, joinery

832-821: The American football team Amsterdam Admirals of the NFL Europe , until the National Football League (NFL) ended its European competition in June 2007. The team played over 50 matches in the stadium from 1997 to 2007. World Bowl IX was played at the Arena in 2001, when the Berlin Thunder defeated the Barcelona Dragons . As kickboxing is a popular combat sport in the Netherlands,

884-607: The COVID-19 pandemic . Furthermore, up to 150 jobs would also be cut at BAM Construct UK. During September 2021, Royal BAM announced the sale of its German interests, which cumulatively produced an annual turnover of €500 million, to the German real estate and construction company Zech Group and the Gustav Zech Foundation. Around this time, the company was in the process of reorganising its group structure as part of

936-1093: The Euroborg football stadium for FC Groningen in Groningen completed in 2006. The company was part of the Infraspeed consortium which handed over the HSL-Zuid high-speed railway line for commercial use in 2009. The company is also responsible for the new children's hospital in Dublin which is facing significant time and cost overruns. Joinery Joinery is a part of woodworking that involves joining pieces of wood , engineered lumber , or synthetic substitutes (such as laminate ), to produce more complex items. Some woodworking joints employ mechanical fasteners, bindings, or adhesives, while others use only wood elements (such as dowels or plain mortise and tenon fittings). The characteristics of wooden joints—strength, flexibility, toughness, appearance, etc.—derive from

988-460: The It's Showtime and K-1 promotions have held a number of fight cards at the arena. Many of the sport's biggest stars such as Peter Aerts , Semmy Schilt , Badr Hari and Ernesto Hoost have fought there. Dutch music group De Toppers have played annually at the venue since 2005. In total, they have sold out more than 50 concerts; no other act has performed at the stadium that many times. The arena

1040-572: The Eastern societies, though later, did not attempt to "hide" their joints. The Japanese and Chinese traditions in particular required the use of hundreds of types of joints. The reason was that nails and glues used did not stand up well to the vastly fluctuating temperatures and humid weather conditions in most of Central and South-East Asia. As well, the highly resinous woods used in traditional Chinese furniture do not glue well, even if they are cleaned with solvents and attached using modern glues. As

1092-615: The Netherlands . During 1959, the company was listed on the Amsterdam Stock Exchange in 1959. Starting in 1973, the company traded under the name BAM Holding N.V . During 1973, BAM also adopted its iconic cube-shaped logo . When the company reached its 125th anniversary on 12 May 1994, it received the right to add ‘Royal’ to its name. It continued to expand through acquisition, such as its purchase of rival companies Interbuild (in 1998), and Hollandsche Beton Groep ('HBG') (in 2002). During November 2006, Royal BAM issued

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1144-468: The Rolling Stones , Beyoncé , Rihanna , Taylor Swift and Armin van Buuren . The dance event Sensation was held in the stadium every year, up until the final edition in 2017. The stadium has a retractable roof and a grass surface. Since 2022, the stadium has a capacity of 55,865 during football matches, increased from 54,990. The stadium has a capacity of 68,000 during music concerts if

1196-621: The birthday of Johan Cruyff. According to the spokeswoman of Cruyff's family, the original Dutch spelling of his name ( Cruijff ) was chosen for the stadium's official name "to stay close to the Dutch Johan". The 2018–19 football season started in August 2018. The stadium's original architect is the Dutchman Rob Schuurman. The original all-seated capacity was 54,990. After the 2019–20 season, but before Euro 2020, capacity

1248-753: The broadcaster AVRO 's Amsterdam headquarters, a KEMA laboratory in Arnhem , the Blijdorp Zoo in Rotterdam, and the conversion of Soestdijk Palace on behalf of Princess Juliana and Prince Bernhard . To support these works, area offices were establish in Arnhem (1933) and Amsterdam (1934). During the Second World War , BAM's activities suffered, being heavily impacted by the German occupation of

1300-628: The business was renamed Bataafsche Aanneming Maatschappij van Bouw- en Betonwerken , in English, Batavian Construction Company for Construction and Concrete Projects plc . ('BAM'); it transitioned from being a family-owned firm into a ‘naamloze vennootschap’ (public limited company). In the interwar period , BAM undertook several large-scale projects, including the office building of the Batavian Petroleum Company in The Hague,

1352-525: The design was altered – the athletics track was removed, the capacity was reduced to 50,000 seats, and the fixed roof was replaced by a retractable roof . In 1992, the Government of Amsterdam authorised the plans for the stadium with a Transferium where people could transfer from their car to various forms of public transportation. In 1993, the Government of Amsterdam changed the development plan of

1404-561: The following names: A joiner is an artisan and tradesperson who builds things by joining pieces of wood , particularly lighter and more ornamental work than that done by a carpenter , including furniture and the "fittings" of a house, ship, etc. Joiners may work in a workshop, because the formation of various joints is made easier by the use of non-portable, powered machinery, or on job site. A joiner usually produces items such as interior and exterior doors, windows, stairs, tables, bookshelves, cabinets, furniture, etc. In shipbuilding

1456-414: The grain (radially and tangentially). Wood is a natural composite material; parallel strands of cellulose fibers are held together by a lignin binder. These long chains of fibers make the wood exceptionally strong by resisting stress and spreading the load over the length of the board. Furthermore, cellulose is tougher than lignin, a fact demonstrated by the relative ease with which wood can be split along

1508-524: The grain compared to across it. Different species of wood have different strength levels, and the exact strength may vary from sample to sample. Species also may differ on their length, density and parallelism of their cellulose strands. Timber expands and contracts in response to humidity , usually much less so longitudinally than in the radial and tangential directions. As tracheophytes , trees have lignified tissues which transport resources such as water, minerals and photosynthetic products up and down

1560-479: The grass was revealed and the roof opened, an inaugural football friendly was played between AFC Ajax and Milan , which Ajax lost 0–3. Tina Turner opened the stadium with three concerts with 160,000 people, from her world breaking Wildest Dreams Tour . The construction of the stadium cost an equivalent of €140 million (at the time, the currency of the Netherlands was the Dutch guilder ). The stadium combines

1612-401: The introduced spanning material make use of the item's cellulose fibers to resist breakage. Biscuits or dominos may provide only slight strength improvement while still forming a strong alignment guide for the joint's pieces. Most-commonly referenced joints carried forward from historical Western traditions. When material is removed to create a woodworking joint , the resulting surfaces have

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1664-526: The joint is destined to fail. Gluing boards with the grain running perpendicular to each other is often the reason for split boards, or broken joints. Some furniture from the 18th century, while made by master craftsmen, did not take this into account. The result is a masterful work that may suffer from broken bracket feet, which was often attached with a glued block, which ran perpendicular to the base pieces. The glue blocks were fastened with both glue and nails, resulting in unequal expansion and contraction between

1716-411: The location and gave a permit to build the stadium. The first pile of the deep foundation of the stadium was placed on 26 November 1993. The construction work, undertaken by Ballast Nedam and Royal BAM Group , took almost three years. The highest point of the building was reached on 24 February 1995, after the roof construction was raised. The fly-over from the public road to the parking facilities

1768-580: The main stadium of the Dutch capital city of Amsterdam and the home stadium of football club AFC Ajax since its opening. Built from 1993 to 1996 at a cost equivalent to €140 million, it is the largest stadium in the country. The stadium was previously known as the Amsterdam Arena (stylised as Amsterdam ArenA ) until the 2018–19 football season, when it was officially renamed in honour of Dutch footballer Johan Cruyff who died in 2016. It

1820-464: The many matters that needed to be settled, such as arranging compensation for possible loss of income, transferring part of the shares from the municipality of Amsterdam to Ajax and having a discussion with the Cruyff family. On 5 April 2018, it was announced that the stadium would officially change name at the start of the 2018–19 football season. The stadium's new logo was revealed on 25 April 2018,

1872-530: The physical existence of Indian and Egyptian examples, we know that furniture from the first several dynasties show the use of complex joints, like the Dovetail, over 5,000 years ago. This tradition continued to other later Western styles. The 18th-century writer Diderot included over 90 detailed illustrations of wood joints for building structures alone, in his comprehensive encyclopedia published in 1765. While Western techniques focused on concealment of joinery,

1924-422: The pieces. This was also the cause of splitting of wide boards, which were commonly available and used during that period. In modern woodworking it is even more critical, as heating and air conditioning causes more severe respiration demands between the environment and the wood's interior fibers. All woodworking joints must take these changes into account, and allow for the resulting movement. Each wood species has

1976-401: The plant. While lumber from a harvested tree is no longer alive, these tissues still absorb and expel water causing swelling and shrinkage of the wood in kind with change in humidity. When the dimensional stability of the wood is paramount, quarter-sawn or rift-sawn lumber is preferred because its grain pattern is consistent and thus reacts less to humidity. All reinforcements using wood as

2028-452: The properties of the materials involved and the purpose of the joint. Therefore, different joinery techniques are used to meet differing requirements. For example, the joinery used to construct a house can be different from that used to make cabinetry or furniture , although some concepts overlap. In British English joinery is distinguished from carpentry, which is considered to be a form of structural timber work; in other locales joinery

2080-466: The sea representing the clubs in the Eredivisie . Trijntje Oosterhuis sang the hymn "De Zee", composed for the opening ceremony by John Ewbank . An eight-day torch relay with 375 runners over 1400 km through the Netherlands reached the stadium. The first runner was Johan Cruyff starting in the old stadium De Meer, and the last runner was Frank Rijkaard arriving in the new stadium. After

2132-531: The stadium hosted pre-season friendlies of Ajax 1 (men) or in the past aswel tournaments, like the Amsterdam Tournament or games of Ajax's reserve team . The stadium hosted three group stage matches and one round of 16 match at the UEFA Euro 2020 , which was postponed to 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe . Also there was a smaller attendance because of this. The stadium was home of

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2184-519: The stadium, where construction of the new facade was completed in April 2018. On 25 April 2017, it was announced that the Amsterdam Arena would be renamed to "Johan Cruijff Arena" in memory of Ajax legend Johan Cruyff . Later that year, on 9 August, it was stated that the name change would take place on 25 October 2017. However, this was postponed as that date proved to be infeasible due to

2236-510: The trade modernized new developments have evolved to help speed, simplify, or improve joinery. Alongside the integration of different glue formulations, newer mechanical joinery techniques include "biscuit" and "domino" joints, and pocket screw joinery. Many wood joinery techniques either depend upon or compensate for the fact that wood is anisotropic : its material properties are different along different dimensions. This must be taken into account when joining wood parts together, otherwise

2288-414: The visitors and for new facilities (the number of seats remains the same). As a result, the outside of the stadium transforms from a concave shape to a convex shape, drastically altering its appearance. The renovation was completed in 2020, when four matches of the UEFA Euro 2020 championship were played in the Arena. Construction works started in June 2017. The first phase is to renovate the east side of

2340-568: Was "fully cooperating" with the investigation. In July 2024, Royal BAM reported its UK construction business had suffered a £19.5m loss due to problems at Manchester's Co-op Live Arena, and would be cutting further jobs. The company's major operations include: Projects completed by the company include the Amsterdam Arena football stadium for AFC Ajax in Amsterdam completed in 1996, the Antwerp Law Courts completed in 2005 and

2392-401: Was a friendly between the home team Ajax and AC Milan , which ended with a 3–0 win for Milan. The first goal was scored by Dejan Savićević . The first Ajax goal was scored in the first competition match against NAC Breda by Kiki Musampa . The 1998 UEFA Champions League Final when Real Madrid defeated Juventus by 1–0 due to a goal by Predrag Mijatović , was played in the stadium. It

2444-536: Was also one of the venues in UEFA Euro 2000 . And the stadium was the host of the 2013 UEFA Europa League Final , when Chelsea defeated Benfica by 2–1. It hosts often Dutch national team 's international matches, though the Netherlands does not have one dedicated national stadium for football. Since a friendly game in 2015, the stadium hosts regularly matches since 2023 of the AFC Ajax Women . The Klassieker home game against Feyenoord of that year

2496-474: Was expanded by 660. The final increased capacity after the 2017-2021 renovation project is 56,120, an increase of 1,130. The original capacity during music concerts – the stadium's maximum capacity – is 68,000 visitors. The parking capacity of the Transferium is 500 cars (inside); there are an additional 12,000 parking spots outside. The Johan Cruyff Arena is one of two stadiums in the Netherlands that

2548-563: Was one of the stadiums used during UEFA Euro 2000 , and also held the 1998 UEFA Champions League Final and 2013 UEFA Europa League Final . The stadium also hosted three group stage matches and one match in the round of 16 of the UEFA Euro 2020 . Both international and Dutch artists have given concerts in the stadium, including Tina Turner , Coldplay , U2 , Take That , Celine Dion , Madonna , Michael Jackson , André Hazes , David Bowie , AC/DC , Justin Timberlake , One Direction ,

2600-482: Was opened on 13 March 1996. The stadium received 180,000 visitors during the construction work, until the stadium was closed from 1 July 1996 until the opening ceremony. The stadium was officially opened on 14 August 1996 by Queen Beatrix . At the grand opening, the queen made a curtain fall inside the stadium. This revealed the world's largest painting De Zee (English: The Sea ) of 80 by 126 meters (262 ft × 413 ft). Two-dimensional ships were placed on

2652-486: Was the first, with an attendance of 33,742 visitors. A year later the same game was played in the stadium aswel. And also the home games of the group stage of the 2023–24 UEFA Women's Champions League and the Quarter-final home game against Chelsea Women were venued at the stadium. The game against Chelsea saw a record attendance of 35,991 spectators for a women’s football game in the Netherlands. In addition,

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2704-444: Was the medieval development of frame and panel construction, as a means of coping with timber 's movement owing to moisture changes. Framed panel construction was utilised in furniture making. The development of joinery gave rise to "joyners", a group of woodworkers distinct from the carpenters and arkwrights (arks were an intermediate stage between a carpenter's boarded chest and a framed chest). The original sense of joinery

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