Raninagar II is a community development block that forms an administrative division in the Domkol subdivision of Murshidabad district in the Indian state of West Bengal .
70-638: Malibari, a constituent panchayat in Raninagar II block, is located at 24°14′21″N 88°30′30″E / 24.2390500°N 88.5083620°E / 24.2390500; 88.5083620 Raninagar II CD block lies in the Raninagar plain at the north-eastern corner of the Bagri region in Murshidabad district. The Bhagirathi River splits the district into two natural physiographic regions – Rarh on
140-567: A notification issued under the said clause shall not be varied by any subsequent notification. Article 342 (1) The President may with respect to any State or Union Territory and where it is a State, after consultation with the Governor thereof by public notification, specify the tribes or tribal communities or parts of or groups within tribes or tribal communities which shall for the purpose of this Constitution be deemed to be Scheduled Tribes in relation to that State or Union Territory, as
210-496: A perennial supply of water to the plain of West Bengal for irrigation and human & industry consumption. The river is navigable and a major transport system in the region with a large traffic flow. For a long time, the Calcutta Port was the biggest port of India. Although in the past its significance had gone down, recently it has reached the 3rd position in the list of Indian Ports. The modern container port of Haldia , on
280-551: A pucca approach road and 19 villages (63.33%) have transport communication (includes bus service, rail facility and navigable waterways). 10 villages (33.33%) have agricultural credit societies and 7 villages (23.33%) have banks. Persons engaged in agriculture in Raninagar II CD block From 1977 onwards major land reforms took place in West Bengal. Land in excess of land ceiling was acquired and distributed amongst
350-635: A self-financed general degree college, was established at Shaikhpara in 2007. Affiliated with the University of Kalyani it offers honours courses in Bengali, English, Sanskrit, Arabic, history, Islamic history, philosophy, political science, physics, chemistry, geography, economics, mathematics and environmental science. Shaikhpara A.R.M. Polytechnic at Shaikhpara offers diploma courses in food processing technology, computer software technology and medical lab technology. In Raninagar II CD block, amongst
420-493: A targeted flow of funds and associated benefits from the annual plan of states and Union Territories (UTs) in at least a proportion to the national SC population. Twenty-seven states and UTs with sizable SC populations are implementing the plan. Although the Scheduled Castes population according to the 2001 Census was 16.66 crores (16.23% of the total population), the allocations made through SCSP have been lower than
490-410: A total population of 155,612, out of which 80,635 were males and 74,977 were females. Raninagar II block registered a population growth of 17.29 per cent during the 1991-2001 decade. Decadal growth for the district was 23.70 per cent. Decadal growth in West Bengal was 17.84 per cent. Decadal Population Growth Rate (%) Sources: The decadal growth of population in Raninagar II CD block in 2001-2011
560-733: Is 10 mg/ litre, and the Indian Standard value is 50 mg/ litre. All but one of the 26 blocks of Murshidabad district have arsenic contamination above the WHO level, all but two of the blocks have arsenic concentration above the Indian Standard value and 17 blocks have arsenic concentration above 300 mg/litre. The maximum concentration in Raninagar II CD Block is 1,652 mg/litre. [REDACTED] Murshidabad travel guide from Wikivoyage Hooghly River The Hooghly River (also spelled Hoogli or Hugli )
630-480: Is 40 km from the CD block headquarters. In 2013–14, Raninagar II CD block had 96 primary schools with 10,866 students, 20 middle schools with 2,113 students, 4 high schools with 5,136 students and 8 higher secondary schools with 17,460 students. Raninagar II CD block had 1 technical/ professional institution with 149 students and 359 institutions for special and non-formal education with 16,029 students. G.D.College ,
700-542: Is at Raninagar. Gram panchayats of Raninagar II block/ panchayat samiti are: Kalinagar I, Kalinagar II, Katlamari I, Katlamari II, Malibari I, Malibari II, Rajapur, Raninagar I and Raninagar II. Raninagar-I Gram Panchayat is situated at Raninagar Bazar, There are 17 nos. of sansad in the G.P. area. There are three moujas 83-Babaltali, 82-Deputipara, 81-Godhanpara. Ilsemari, Godhanpara, Panipia, Deputipara, Raninagar Purba, Raninagar Paschim, Raninagar Madhya, Babaltali Sarkarpara, Babaltali Mondalpara, Najarana, Lalchandabad are
770-581: Is generally known as the Bhāgirathi, until it reaches Hooghly. The word Bhāgirathi literally means "caused by Bhagiratha ", a Hindu mythological Solar dynasty prince who was instrumental in bringing the river Ganges from heaven to the earth, in order to release his 60,000 grand-uncles from a curse of the saint Kapila . In 1974, the Farakka Barrage began diverting water into the Hooghly during
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#1732790390093840-583: Is listed as a backward region and receives financial support from the Backward Regions Grant Fund . The fund, created by the Government of India, is designed to redress regional imbalances in development. As of 2012, 272 districts across the country were listed under this scheme. The list includes 11 districts of West Bengal. Raninagar I CD block has 2 ferry services and 3 originating/ terminating bus routes. The nearest railway station
910-744: Is the westernmost distributary of the Ganges , situated in West Bengal , India. It is known in its upper reaches as the Bhagirathi . The Bhagirathi splits off from the main branch of the Ganges at Giria . A short distance west, it meets the man-made Farakka Feeder Canal , which massively increases its flow. The river then flows south to join the Jalangi at Nabadwip , where it becomes the Hooghly proper. The Hooghly continues southwards, passing through
980-597: The 2011 census ). The Constitution (Scheduled Castes) Order, 1950 lists 1,108 castes across 28 states in its First Schedule, and the Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order, 1950 lists 744 tribes across 22 states in its First Schedule. Since the independence of India, the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes were given Reservation status , guaranteeing political representation, preference in promotion, quota in universities, free and stipended education, scholarships, banking services, various government schemes and
1050-630: The Bangladesh-India border . The Bagri or the eastern part of the district is a low lying alluvial plain with the shape of an isosceles triangle . The Ganges/Padma and the Bhagirathi form the two equal sides; the Jalangi forms the entire base; other offshoots of the Ganges meander within the area. It is vulnerable to flooding by the Bhagirathi and other rivers. The main rivers of this region are Bhairab, Jalangi, Chhoto Bhairab, Sialmari and Gobra Nala. All these rivers are distributaries of
1120-595: The Bay of Bengal through an estuary about 20 mi (32 km) wide. Ain-i-Akbari , a book by Abu'l-Fazl , describes that the river Ganga and river Sarwasati (Sarsuti) streams of lower Bengal had different flows. According to the footnotes of this book, the colour of the water of the Sarawasati was white, the colour of another stream named Jamuna was blue, and the colour of the Ganga was muddy and yellowish. From Kolkata
1190-792: The National Ganga River Basin Project Scheme . Rudyard Kipling wrote an article, On the Banks of the Hugli (1888), and a short story set on the Hooghli, An Unqualified Pilot (1895). The Silk River project aims at exploring the artistic relationship between Kolkata and London through artistic exchange from 10 locations each along the Hooghly River and the River Thames . The 10 places along
1260-497: The Padma , in the north, Jalangi CD block in the east, Raninagar I and Domkal CD blocks in the south and Bhagawangola II CD block in the west. Murshidabad district has a 125.35 km long international border with Bangladesh of which 42.35 km is on land and the remaining is riverine. There are 9 blocks – Samserganj, Suti I, Suti II, Raghunathganj II, Lalgola, Bhagawangola I, Bhagawangola II, Raninagar II and Jalangi - along
1330-497: The 2011 census, Muslims numbered 154,188 and formed 80.78% of the population in Raninagar II CD block. Hindus numbered 36,311 and formed 19.03% of the population. Others numbered 366 and formed 0.19% of the population. In Raninagar I and Raninagar II CD blocks taken together, while the proportion of Muslims increased from 78.77% in 1991 to 80.03% in 2001, the proportion of Hindus declined from 21.22% in 1991 to 19.78% in 2001. Murshidabad district had 4,707,573 Muslims who formed 66.27% of
1400-455: The 2011 census, the total number of literate persons in Raninagar II CD block was 104,623 (63.60% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 54,404 (64.78% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 50,219 (62.36% of the female population over 6 years). The gender disparity (the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 2.42%. See also – List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate In
1470-517: The 30 inhabited villages, all villages have a school, 21 villages have more than 1 primary school, 24 villages have at least 1 primary and 1 middle school and 11 villages had at least 1 middle and 1 secondary school. In 2014, Raninagar II CD block had 1 block primary health centre, 2 primary health centres and 1 private nursing home with total 46 beds and 8 doctors (excluding private bodies). It had 25 family welfare subcentres. 5,880 patients were treated indoor and 143,296 patients were treated outdoor in
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#17327903900931540-855: The British-administered provinces. After independence the Constituent Assembly continued the prevailing definition of Scheduled Castes and Tribes, giving (via articles 341 and 342) the president of India and governors of the states a mandate to compile a full listing of castes and tribes (with the power to edit it later, as required). The complete list of castes and tribes was made via two orders: The Constitution (Scheduled Castes) Order, 1950 and The Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order, 1950 , respectively. Which are derived from colonial list and first updated in Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Lists (Modification) Order, 1956. Furthermore, independent India's quest for inclusivity
1610-502: The Constitution lays down the general principles of positive discrimination for SCs and STs. As per Article 366 (24) of Constitution of India the Scheduled Castes is defined as: Such castes , races or tribes or part of or groups within such castes, races or tribes as are deemed under Article 341 to be Scheduled Castes for the purpose of this [Indian] constitution. As per Article 366 (25) of Constitution of India
1680-690: The Ganges continue to be affected. As for example, in 2007 severe erosion occurred in Lalgola, Bhagawangola II, Farakka, Raninagar II blocks. During 2008 Bamnabad of Raninagar II block was affected by erosion and 168 families were shifted. See also - River bank erosion along the Ganges in Malda and Murshidabad districts Raninagar II CD block has an area of 175.13 km. It has 1 panchayat samity , 9 gram panchayats , 127 gram sansads (village councils), 36 mouzas and 30 inhabited villages. Raninagar police station serves this block. Headquarters of this CD block
1750-839: The Hooghly River are Murshidabad , Krishnagar , Chandernagore , Barrackpore , Jorasanko , Bowbazar , Howrah , Kidderpore , Botanical Gardens and Batanagar . Ten scrolls, painted in the Patua tradition, depicting the 10 places will be carried along the Hooghly River. The event began at Murshidabad on 7 December 2017 and ended at the Victoria Memorial , Kolkata on 17 December. 1. Gautam Kumar Das. 2024. River Systems of West Bengal: Water Quality and Environment. In: River Systems of West Bengal. Springer Water. Springer, Cham. 180p. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-53480-5-1 . https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-031-53480-5 . 2. Gautam Kumar Das. 2015. Estuarine Morphodynamics of
1820-606: The Hooghly River ;:- The Bhāgirathi-Hooghly river system is an essential lifeline for the people of West Bengal. It was through this river that the East India company sailed into Bengal and established their trade settlement, Calcutta, the capital of British India. People from other countries such as the French, Dutch, Portuguese, etc. all had their trade settlements by the banks of this river. The river provides
1890-565: The Scheduled Tribes is defined as: Such tribes or tribal communities or part of or groups within such tribes or tribal communities as are deemed under Article 342 to the Scheduled Tribes for the purposes of this [Indian] Constitution. Article 341 (1) The President may with respect to any State or Union Territory and where it is a State after consultation with the Governor thereof, by public notification specify
1960-529: The Sunderbans, Springer, Switzerland, 211p. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11343-2 . https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-319-11343-2 . Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes are officially designated groups of people and among the most disadvantaged socio-economic groups in India . The terms are recognized in the Constitution of India and
2030-636: The Varna system. Since the 1850s, these communities were loosely referred to as Depressed Classes, with the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. The early 20th century saw a flurry of activity in the British authorities assessing the feasibility of responsible self-government for India. The Morley–Minto Reforms Report , Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms Report and the Simon Commission were several initiatives in this context. A highly contested issue in
2100-414: The advancing tide, hemmed in where the estuary narrows suddenly into the river, and often exceeds 7 ft (2.1 m) in height. It is felt as high up as Naihati 35 km upstream of Calcutta , and frequently destroys small boats. A tidal bore which overcame the banks of the river in 1876 was reported to have killed up to a hundred thousand people. The difference from the lowest point of low-water in
2170-461: The assistance of Dutch traders, who also set up a toll point on the Hooghly river. So the present reach of the Hooghly is the lower part of the historical Saraswati. Kolkata the capital of West Bengal is located on the banks of the Hoogly river. The tide runs rapidly on the Hooghly, and produces a remarkable example of the fluvial phenomenon known as a tidal bore . This consists of the head-wave of
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2240-432: The border between Nadia District and Hooghly District , and then further south between Hooghly District and North 24 Parganas District . It flows past Halisahar , Chinsurah , Naihati , Bhatpara , Konnagar , Serampore , and Kamarhati . Then, just before entering the twin cities of Kolkata (Calcutta) and Howrah , it turns to the southwest. At Nurpur it enters an old channel of the Ganges, and turns south to empty into
2310-526: The canal ends and joins the Bhagirathi River. The Bhagirathi then flows south past Jiaganj Azimganj , Murshidabad and Baharampur . South of Baharampur and north of Palashi it used to form the border between Bardhaman District and Nadia District , but while the border has remained the same the river is now often east or west of its former bed. The river then flows south past Katwa , Nabadwip , Kalna and Jirat . At Kalna it originally formed
2380-412: The case may be. (2) Parliament may by law include in or exclude from the list of Scheduled Tribes specified in a notification issued under clause any tribe or tribal community or part of or group within any tribe or tribal community, but save as aforesaid a notification issued under the said clause shall not be varied by any subsequent notification. In a broader sense, the term 'Scheduled' refers to
2450-470: The castes, races or tribes or parts of or groups within castes, races or tribes which shall for the purposes of this Constitution be deemed to be Scheduled Castes in relation to that State or Union Territory, as the case may be. (2) Parliament may by law include in or exclude from the list of Scheduled Castes specified in a notification issued under clause of any caste, race or tribe or part of or group within any caste, race or tribe, but save as aforesaid
2520-568: The commission established by the Ministry of Welfare's Resolution of 1989. In 2003, the Constitution was again amended to divide the National Commission for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes into two commissions: the National Commission for Scheduled Castes and the National Commission for Scheduled Tribes. Due to the spread of Christianity and Islam among scheduled caste communities, the converted individuals are not protected under
2590-472: The decade 1991-2001. There are reports of Bangladeshi infiltrators entering Murshidabad district. Large villages in Raninagar II CD block were (2011 population figures in brackets): Brindabanpur (4,815), Malibari (11,586), Mridadpur (4,850), Tejsinghpur (7,702), Ramnagar Doemkanun (11,781), Godhanpara (14,173), Babaltali (20,177), Jhaubaria (5,752), Majhardiar (6,176), Katlamari (33,290), Nabipur (9,092), Rajanagar (17,194) and Char Bansgora (6,585). As per
2660-571: The dry season so as to reduce the silting difficulties at Kolkata's port. Like the rest of the Ganges, the Bhāgirathi-Hooghly is considered sacred to Hindus , and its water is considered holy. The following bridges currently span the Hooghly River; listed from south to north until the Farakka Feeder Canal meets the river: The following bridges are under various stages of development: The following tunnels are situated under
2730-457: The dry season to the highest point of high-water in the rains is reported to be 20 ft 10 in (6.35 m). The greatest mean rise of tide, about 16 ft (4.9 m), takes place in March, April or May - with a declining range during the rainy season to a mean of 10 ft (3.0 m), and a minimum during freshets of 3 ft 6 in (1.07 m). In its upper reaches the river
2800-616: The era of the Nawabs. The main areas where this industry has flourished are Khagra and Jiaganj. 99% of ivory craft production is exported. In more recent years sandalwood etching has become more popular than ivory carving. Bell metal and Brass utensils are manufactured in large quantities at Khagra, Berhampore, Kandi and Jangipur. Beedi making has flourished in the Jangipur subdivision. In 2013–14, Raninagar II CD block had offices of 5 commercial banks and 4 gramin banks . Murshidabad district
2870-522: The government on broad policy issues and the development levels of SCs and STs. Now it is included in Article 342. In 1990, Article 338 was amended for the National Commission for SCs and STs with the Constitution (Sixty fifth Amendment) Bill, 1990 . The first commission under the 65th Amendment was constituted in March 1992, replacing the Commissioner for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes and
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2940-593: The groups are designated in one or other of the categories. For much of the period of British rule in the Indian subcontinent , they were known as the Depressed Classes. In modern literature, many castes under the Scheduled Castes category are sometimes referred to as Dalit , meaning "broken" or "dispersed" for the untouchables. The term having been popularised by the Dalit leader B. R. Ambedkar during
3010-505: The hospitals, health centres and subcentres of the CD Block. Raninagar II CD block has Raninagar (Godhanpara) Rural Hospital at Raninagar (with 15 beds), Bilpocha Kobra Primary Health Centre at Nabipur (with 6 beds) and Katlamari PHC (with 10 beds). Raninagar II CD block is one of the areas of Murshidabad district where ground water is affected by a high level of arsenic contamination . The WHO guideline for arsenic in drinking water
3080-447: The independence struggle. Ambedkar preferred the term Dalit over Gandhi 's term Harijan , meaning "people of Hari " ( lit. ' Man of God ' ). Similarly, the Scheduled Tribes are often referred to as Adivasi (earliest inhabitants), Vanvasi (inhabitants of forest) and Vanyajati (people of forest). However, the Government of India refrains from using derogatory and anthropologically incorrect terms. Instead, it uses
3150-400: The intersection of lower Hooghly and Haldi River, now carries much of the region's maritime trade. One new port will be built in the deep sea to reduce the load on Calcutta port. Despite the river being polluted, the fish from it are important to the local economy. The Hooghly river valley was the most important industrial area of the state of Bengal. Despite a decline of the jute industry ,
3220-707: The larger community, and overall backwardness. The scheduling process refers back to the definitions of communities used in the colonial census along with modern anthropological study and is guided by Article 341 and 342 . Per the first clause of Article 341 and 342 , the list of Scheduled communities is subject to specific state and union territory , with area restrictions to districts , subdistricts , and tehsils . Furthermore, members of Scheduled Communities are entitled based on religious criteria: Scheduled Castes must be adherents of Hinduism , Sikhism , or Buddhism , whereas Scheduled Tribes can belong to any religion to be recognized as Scheduled. The evolution of
3290-419: The legal list of specific castes and tribes of the states and union territories, as enacted in the Constitution of India , with the purpose of social justice by ensuring social security, and providing adequate representation in education, employment, and governance to promote their upliftment and integration into mainstream society. The process of including and excluding communities, castes, or tribes to/from
3360-520: The list of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes adheres to certain silent criteria and procedures established by the Lokur committee in 1965. For Scheduled Castes (SCs), the criteria involve extreme social, educational, and economic backwardness resulting from the practice of untouchability . On the other hand, Scheduled Tribes (STs) are identified based on indications of primitive traits, distinctive culture, geographical isolation, shyness of contact with
3430-666: The lower caste into the modern-day Scheduled Castes is complex. The caste system as a stratification of classes in India originated about 2,000 years ago, and has been influenced by dynasties and ruling elites, including the Mughal Empire and the British Raj. The Hindu concept of Varna historically incorporated occupation-based communities. Some low-caste groups, such as those formerly called untouchables who constitute modern-day Scheduled Castes, were considered outside
3500-540: The main branch of the Ganges. The rivers are in their decaying stages. A major problem is river bank erosion . As of 2013, an estimated 2.4 million people reside along the banks of the Ganges alone in Murshidabad district. Between 1931 and 1977, 26,769 hectares have been eroded and many villages have been fully submerged. 1980-1990 was a decade of erosion for this district and during the decade Giria, Sekhalipur, Khejustala, Mithipur, Fajilpur, Rajapur, Akheriganj, Parashpur villages were badly affected. Many families living along
3570-542: The main flow of the Hooghly-Bhagirathi (or Ganga) used to run along the side of the Kalighat temple, Baruipur , Jaynagar Majilpur , Chhatrabhog and Hatiagarh. At that time, between Khiderpore and Sankrail no flow existed. Presently, the stream between Khiderpore and Sankrail became known as KatiGanga . A channel had been dug at the time of Alibardi Khan in the middle of the 18th century. This happened with
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#17327903900933640-438: The main winter crop from 1,367 hectares, 8,546 tonnes of Boro paddy (spring crop) from 2,263 hectares, 3,227 tonnes of Aus paddy (summer crop) from 1,044 hectares, 20,044 tonnes of wheat from 8,706 hectares, 16 tonnes of maize from 6 hectares, 115,879 tonnes of jute from 9,315 hectares and 15,026 tonnes of potatoes from 656 hectares. It also produced pulses and oilseeds. In 2013–14, the total area irrigated in Raninagar II CD block
3710-493: The metropolis of Kolkata . Thereafter, it empties into the Bay of Bengal . Its tributaries include the Ajay , Damodar , Rupnarayan , and Haldi . The Hooghly has religious significance as Hindus consider the river sacred. It also plays a major role in the agriculture, industry, and climate of the state. The vast majority of the water that flows into the Hooghly River is provided by the man-made Farakka Feeder Canal rather than
3780-478: The natural source of the river at Giria. The Farakka Barrage is a dam that diverts water from the Ganges into the Farakka Feeder Canal near the town of Tildanga in Murshidabad district , located 40 km upstream from Giria. This supplies the Hooghly with water as per the agreement between India and Bangladesh. The feeder canal runs parallel to the Ganges, past Dhulian , until just above Jahangirpur where
3850-618: The peasants. Following land reforms land ownership pattern has undergone transformation. In 2013–14, persons engaged in agriculture in Raninagar II CD block could be classified as follows: bargadars 3,196 (5.01%), patta (document) holders 5,834 (9.14%), small farmers (possessing land between 1 and 2 hectares) 3,434 (5.38%), marginal farmers (possessing land up to 1 hectare) 18,753 (39.39%) and agricultural labourers 32,584 (51.07%). Raninagar II CD block had 100 fertiliser depots, 1 seed store and 39 fair price shops in 2013-14. In 2013–14, Raninagar II CD block produced 4,088 tonnes of Aman paddy ,
3920-425: The population, 2,359,061 Hindus who formed 33.21% of the population, and 37, 173 persons belonging to other religions who formed 0.52% of the population, in the 2011 census. While the proportion of Muslim population in the district increased from 61.40% in 1991 to 63.67% in 2001, the proportion of Hindu population declined from 38.39% in 1991 to 35.92% in 2001. Bengali is the predominant language, spoken by 99.91% of
3990-937: The population. As per the Human Development Report 2004 for West Bengal, the rural poverty ratio in Murshidabad district was 46.12%. Purulia, Bankura and Birbhum districts had higher rural poverty ratios. These estimates were based on Central Sample data of NSS 55th round 1999-2000. In Raninagar II CD block in 2011, amongst the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 17,312 and formed 26.92%, agricultural labourers numbered 32,584 and formed 50.66%, household industry workers numbered 4,453 and formed 6.94% and other workers numbered 9,957 and formed 15.48%. There are 30 inhabited villages in Raninagar II CD block. 100% villages have power supply and drinking water supply. 15 villages (50.00%) have post offices. 27 villages (90.00%) have telephones (including landlines, public call offices and mobile phones). 17 villages (56.67%) have
4060-646: The president. Seventeen regional offices of the Commissioner were established throughout the country. There was an initiative to replace the Commissioner with a committee in the 48th Amendment to the Constitution, changing Article 338. While the amendment was being debated, the Ministry of Welfare established the first committee for SCs and STs (with the functions of the Commissioner) in August 1978. These functions were modified in September 1987 to include advising
4130-582: The prime industry of this region, it is still one of the biggest industrial areas of India. It has a number of small cities which form the Greater Kolkata agglomeration , the second biggest Indian city and the former capital. In September 2015, the Government of West Bengal announced that renovation of the Hooghly riverfront in Kolkata will be completed with the help of World Bank funding under
4200-498: The proportional population. A strange factor has emerged of extremely lowered fertility of scheduled castes in Kerala , due to land reform, migrating ( Kerala Gulf diaspora ) and democratization of education. In the original Constitution, Article 338 provided for a special officer (the Commissioner for SCs and STs) responsible for monitoring the implementation of constitutional and legislative safeguards for SCs and STs and reporting to
4270-496: The proposed reforms was the reservation of seats for representation of the Depressed Classes in provincial and central legislatures. In 1935, the UK Parliament passed the Government of India Act 1935 , designed to give Indian provinces greater self-rule and set up a national federal structure. The reservation of seats for the Depressed Classes was incorporated into the act, which came into force in 1937. The Act introduced
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#17327903900934340-578: The safeguards built into the Constitution and other legislation, the Constitution under Articles 338 and 338A provides for two constitutional commissions: the National Commission for Scheduled Castes , and the National Commission for Scheduled Tribes . The chairpersons of both commissions sit ex officio on the National Human Rights Commission . The Constitution provides a three-pronged strategy to improve
4410-401: The situation of SCs and STs: The Scheduled Castes Sub-Plan (SCSP) of 1979 mandated a planning process for the social, economic and educational development of Scheduled Castes and improvement in their working and living conditions. It was an umbrella strategy, ensuring the flow of targeted financial and physical benefits from the general sector of development to the Scheduled Castes. It entailed
4480-538: The term "Scheduled Castes", defining the group as "such castes, parts of groups within castes, which appear to His Majesty in Council to correspond to the classes of persons formerly known as the 'Depressed Classes', as His Majesty in Council may prefer". This discretionary definition was clarified in The Government of India (Scheduled Castes) Order, 1936 , which contained a list (or Schedule) of castes throughout
4550-565: The terms Anusuchit Jati (Scheduled Caste) and Anusuchit Janjati (Scheduled Tribe), as defined by the Constitution of India , for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. In September 2018, the government "issued an advisory to all private satellite channels asking them to refrain from using the derogatory nomenclature 'Dalit', though rights groups and intellectuals have come out against any shift from 'Dalit' in popular usage". The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes comprise about 16.6% and 8.6%, respectively, of India's population (according to
4620-445: The villages of the G.P. The name of the prodhan of Raninagar-I G.P. Champa Khatun Bibi. According to the 2011 Census of India , Raninagar II CD block had a total population of 190,885, all of which were rural. There were 97,359 (51%) males and 93,526 (49%) females. Population below 6 years numbered 26,382. Scheduled Castes numbered 22,189 (11.62%) and Scheduled Tribes numbered 550 (0.29%). As per 2001 census, Raninagar II block has
4690-564: The west and Bagri on the east. The Padma River separates Murshidabad district from Malda district and Chapai Nawabganj and Rajshahi districts of Bangladesh in the north. The Raninagar plain lies between the Jalangi and Bhairab rivers. It is a low-lying area and is characterized by the nature of inundation along with many swamps Raninagar II CD block is bounded by Rajshahi city, Paba Upazila , Motihar Thana and Charghat Upazila in Rajshahi District of Bangladesh, across
4760-463: Was 11,899 hectares, out of which 399 hectares were irrigated by deep tube well and 11,500 hectares by other means. Murshidabad is famous for its silk industry since the Middle Ages. There are three distinct categories in this industry, namely (i) Mulberry cultivation and silkworm rearing (ii) Peeling of raw silk (iii) Weaving of silk fabrics. Ivory carving is an important cottage industry from
4830-494: Was 22.34%. The decadal growth rate of population in Murshidabad district was as follows: 33.5% in 1951–61, 28.6% in 1961–71, 25.5% in 1971–81, 28.2% in 1981-91, 23.8% in 1991-2001 and 21.1% in 2001-11. The decadal growth rate for West Bengal in 2001-11 was 13.93%. The decadal growth rate of population in neighbouring Rajshahi District , across the Ganges, in Bangladesh, was 13.48% for the decade 2001–2011, down from 21.19% in
4900-431: Was incident through the appointment of B. R. Ambedkar as the chairman of the drafting committee for the Constitution. Ambedkar was a scheduled caste constitutional lawyer, a member of the low caste. After 15 years since the first amendment listing Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, the government adopted updated criteria for inclusion and exclusion based on the Lokur committee report of 1965. To effectively implement
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