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56-783: It takes the name from the Red River of the North , and was first described in outcrop in the Tyndall Stone quarries and along the Red River Valley by A.F. Foerste in 1929. The Red River Formation is composed of the following subdivisions from top to base: The Red River Formation reaches a maximum thickness of 215 metres (710 ft) in the center of the Williston Basin . At the along the Manitoba outcrop belt, it

112-461: A humid continental climate , abbreviated "Dfb" on climate maps. As of the 2022 American Community Survey , there are 3,299 estimated households in Wahpeton with an average of 2.02 persons per household. The city has a median household income of $ 51,417. Approximately 18.3% of the city's population lives at or below the poverty line . Wahpeton has an estimated 64.8% employment rate, with 22.8% of

168-608: A household in the city was $ 33,471, and the median income for a family was $ 44,645. Males had a median income of $ 30,199 versus $ 20,089 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 15,293. About 7.3% of families and 13.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.9% of those under 18 and 10.4% of those 65 or older. Wahpeton is the home of several large manufacturing plants, including Woodcraft Industries, Inc., WCCO Belting, Minn-Dak Farmers Cooperative, Cargill , ComDel Innovation, Heartland Precision, Doosan/Bobcat, Masonite and Wil-Rich. Imation Corporation operated

224-456: A male householder with no wife present, and 45.5% were non-families. 36.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.7% had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.17 and the average family size was 2.89. The median age in the city was 31.1. 20.3% of residents were under 18; 22.2% were between 18 and 24; 20.5% were from 25 to 44; 24.5% were from 45 to 64; and 12.6% were 65 or older. The gender makeup of

280-838: A monument in a graveyard south of Wahpeton. In 1904, the U.S. government established the Wahpeton Indian School here. The boarding school operated into the 1970s. It was intended to educate Native American children from reservations and tribes in northern Minnesota, North Dakota, and northern South Dakota. It was an Indian boarding school , designed to assimilate the children to mainstream language, culture and religion. In most such schools, children were required to use English rather than their native languages (which were many among these groups), dress in Euro-American style, and practice Christianity. The school has since been transferred to an inter-tribal group, chartered under

336-634: A production facility in Wahpeton but it closed in 2009. On May 14, 1991, Wahpeton voters approved a 1% city sales and use tax, the proceeds of which were to be dedicated solely to economic development of the City of Wahpeton and Richland County, by means of business and industrial expansion including job creation, job retention, business and industrial diversification, and the creation, fostering and maintenance of business and trade activities and facilities. The tax would become effective July 1, 1991, and sunset in five years. On June 14, 1994, voters approved to extend

392-475: A removable flood wall was constructed in the downtown area so that residents did not lose their connection to the river. In Winnipeg, the flood crested at 24.5 feet (7.5 m) above datum at the James Avenue pumping station, making it the third-highest flood at Winnipeg in recorded history . It was surpassed by the floods of 1825, and 1826. The city was largely spared the fate of Grand Forks thanks to

448-533: A specific vulnerable section near Grafton city, located between Grand Forks and Emerson, that is highly susceptible to severe floods. On May 8, 1950, the Red River reached its highest level at Winnipeg since 1861. Eight dikes protecting Winnipeg gave way and flooded much of the city, turning 1,600 km (600 sq mi) of farmland into an enormous lake. The city turned to the Canadian Army and

504-405: A total of $ 3.5 billion in damage and required temporary evacuation of towns and cities on both sides of the border. The cities of Grand Forks, North Dakota , and East Grand Forks, Minnesota , suffered the most damage, and most of their populations had to be evacuated. The river crested at more than 54 feet (16 m) above datum . The cities worked with FEMA and the state of Minnesota to clear

560-612: A wet summer in 2010, as well as an above average amount of snowfall through the winter in the Red River Valley, the Red River spilled its banks. It crested in Winnipeg at the James Avenue pumping station at 19.59 feet (5.97 m) above datum, as the sixth highest flood levels in recorded history if flood protection such as the Portage Diversion and the Red River Floodway were not in place. That same year there

616-605: Is Breckenridge, Minnesota , on the other side of the river. The Bois de Sioux River and the Otter Tail River join at Wahpeton and Breckenridge to form the Red River of the North . The North Dakota State College of Science is in Wahpeton. The local newspaper is the Wahpeton Daily News . The first European explorer in the area was Jonathan Carver in 1767. He explored and mapped the Northwest at

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672-607: Is Fort Abercrombie and the Circus Monument, erected in memory of circus workers killed by lightning there in 1897. Circus performers hold a memorial service at the monument whenever they perform in the area. The Carmelite Monastery , in the bend of the Wild Rice River, is a few miles from Wahpeton. On Thursday afternoons from June through October, the Twin Towns Gardeners' Market is held near

728-898: Is 150 metres (490 ft) thick and thins out northwards. The Red River Formation is slightly unconformably overlain by the Stony Mountain Formation and sharply overlays the Winnipeg Formation in Manitoba , the Deadwood Formation in western Saskatchewan and the Canadian Shield in northern Manitoba. The lower Red River Formation is equivalent to the Yeoman Formation , while the Fort Garry Member correlates with

784-754: Is a city in Richland County , in southeast North Dakota along the Bois de Sioux River at its confluence with the Otter Tail River , which forms the Red River of the North . Wahpeton is the county seat of Richland County. The population was 8,007 at the 2020 census . Wahpeton was founded in 1869 and is the principal city of the Wahpeton Micropolitan Statistical Area , which includes all of Richland County, North Dakota and Wilkin County, Minnesota . Wahpeton's twin city

840-646: Is bordered by the twin cities of Fargo, North Dakota  – Moorhead, Minnesota , and Grand Forks, North Dakota  – East Grand Forks, Minnesota . It crosses the Canada–United States border just before reaching the town of Emerson, Manitoba . Manitoba 's capital, Winnipeg, is at the Red's confluence with the Assiniboine River , at a point called The Forks . Together with the Assiniboine,

896-559: Is east, forming a 26,000-hectare (64,000-acre) wetland. Southern Manitoba has a frost-free season of between 120 and 140 days per year in the Red River Valley. The Red River flows across the flat lake bed of the ancient glacial Lake Agassiz , an enormous glacial lake created at the end of the Wisconsin glaciation from meltwaters of the Laurentide Ice Sheet . As this continental glacier decayed, its meltwaters formed

952-493: Is the lake bed of the ancient glacial lake. It is remarkably flat; from its origin near Breckenridge, Minnesota, to the international border near Emerson, Manitoba , its gradient is only about 1:5000 (1 metre per 5 kilometres), or approximately 1 foot per mile. The river, slow and small in most seasons, does not have the energy to cut a gorge. Instead it meanders across the silty bottomlands in its progress north. In consequence, high water has nowhere to go, except to spread across

1008-548: The Herald Formation . Red River of the North The Red River ( French : rivière Rouge ), also called the Red River of the North ( French : rivière Rouge du Nord ) to differentiate it from the Red River in the south of the continent, is a river in the north-central United States and central Canada . Originating at the confluence of the Bois de Sioux and Otter Tail rivers between

1064-600: The Ojibwe and pushed to the west. Growth of the village of Wahpeton was quite slow during the first few years, but it increased rapidly in 1872 with the completion of a railroad line into Breckenridge, Minnesota , a tiny community across the Bois de Sioux River . The St. Paul and Pacific Railway (now the Great Northern ) had entered the region. The railroad generated a booming business in flatboat building in both communities. Flatboats could carry freight directly from

1120-468: The Red Cross and The Salvation Army for help, and nearly 70,000 people were evacuated from their homes and businesses. Four of eleven bridges in the city were destroyed, and damage was estimated at between $ 900 million and $ 1 billion. As a result of the floods, a flood control project was constructed to prevent such damage in the future. The Red River Floodway around Winnipeg attracted some derision at

1176-530: The Red River Trails , nineteenth-century oxcart trails developed originally by the Métis, supported the fur trade and these settlements. They contributed to further development of the region on both sides of the international border. The Red River begins at the confluence of the Bois de Sioux and Otter Tail rivers, on the border of Wahpeton, North Dakota and Breckenridge, Minnesota . Downstream, it

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1232-479: The flood of 1997 . 75% of the population in the former city was evacuated, and all of the latter. Many of the residential areas along the rivers were inundated and all the homes had to be destroyed. Afterward, a massive flood protection project was undertaken to protect both cities. Atashi et al. study conducted spatial analyses of the Permanent Water Area (PWA) and Seasonal Water Area (SWA), revealing

1288-508: The floodplains of the river on both sides, prohibiting future housing or businesses in this area. They created the Greater Grand Forks Greenway on both sides, which includes city and state parks, a long bike trail, and other recreational amenities. The trees and greenery help absorb floodwaters. A dike system was constructed outside this area on both sides to protect the cities from future floods. In East Grand Forks,

1344-618: The Civil War over, the government wanted to encourage development in the West. J. W. Blanding, a member of the expedition, was so impressed by the fertile river valley that he returned to his Wisconsin home determined to move his family and property to the Dakota Territory . Blanding so influenced other Wisconsin settlers that many had reached the Wahpeton area and homesteaded there before Blanding arranged his return. The first settler

1400-506: The Floodway, which was pushed to its capacity during the 1997 flood. In 2009 the Red River flooded in early spring. By Friday, March 27, the river at Fargo had reached the highest level in recorded history. Its discharge at that location was far in excess of normal flows. The river crested at the James Avenue pumping station in Winnipeg at 22.5 feet (6.9 m) above datum, making it the fourth-highest flood in recorded history. Due to

1456-539: The North Dakota–Minnesota border. Long an important highway for trade, the Red River has been designated a Canadian Heritage River . The watershed of the Red River was part of Rupert's Land , the concession established by the British Hudson's Bay Company in north central North America. The Red was a key trade route for the company, and contributed to the settlement of British North America. The river

1512-645: The Red River fully encloses the endorheic basin of Devils' Lake and Stump Lake. The Red flows further north before draining into Lake Winnipeg which then drains through the Nelson River into Hudson Bay , both part of the Hudson Bay watershed . The mouth of the Red River forms a freshwater river delta called the Netley–Libau Marsh. The Netley Marsh is west of the Red and the Libau Marsh

1568-767: The Sears/Family Dollar building in Wahpeton. Other Wahpeton area attractions include "Wahpper" the World's Largest Catfish , at Kidder Dam, and the Bagg Bonanza Farm , a 15-acre (61,000 m ) historic bonanza farm with farm buildings and machinery. There is a mural at the corner of Dakota Avenue and 4th Street. Also downtown is the Red Door Art Gallery/Visitor's Center . Wahpeton is served by two elementary schools, Wahpeton Middle School and Wahpeton Senior High School. There

1624-477: The U.S. states of Minnesota and North Dakota , it flows northward through the Red River Valley , forming most of the border of Minnesota and North Dakota and continuing into Manitoba . It empties into Lake Winnipeg , whose waters join the Nelson River and ultimately flow into Hudson Bay . The Red River is about 885 kilometres (550 mi) long, of which about 635 kilometres (395 mi) are in

1680-613: The United States and about 255 kilometres (158 mi) are in Canada. The river falls 70 metres (230 ft) on its trip to Lake Winnipeg, where it spreads into the vast deltaic wetland known as Netley Marsh. Several urban areas have developed on both sides of the river, including the city of Winnipeg in Canada, as well as the Fargo-Moorhead and Grand Forks–East Grand Forks metropolitan areas, both of which straddle

1736-563: The city was 34.0 years. As of the 2020 census , there were 8,007 people, 3,235 households, and 1,736 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,535.4 inhabitants per square mile (592.8/km ). There were 3,597 housing units at an average density of 689.7 inhabitants per square mile (266.3/km ). The racial makeup was 85.59% White , 1.64% African American , 4.17% Native American , 1.34% Asian , 0.22% Pacific Islander , 2.19% from some other races and 4.86% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 4.77% of

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1792-590: The city was 51.6% male and 48.4% female. As of the 2000 census , there were 8,586 people, 3,254 households, and 1,867 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,718.1 inhabitants per square mile (663.4/km ). There were 3,492 housing units at an average density of 698.8 inhabitants per square mile (269.8/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 95.47% White , 0.62% African American , 2.41% Native American , 0.43% Asian , 0.03% Pacific Islander , 0.12% from some other races, and 0.92% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 0.76% of

1848-451: The city was 92.65% White , 1.26% African American , 3.08% Native American , 0.78% Asian , 0.09% Pacific Islander , 0.35% from some other races, and 1.79% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 2.01% of the population. There were 3,151 households, of which 26.8% had children under age 18 living with them, 40.7% were married couples living together, 9.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.6% had

1904-587: The county was organized and named Chahinkapa County. Later that year the county was renamed Richland County and the town of Chahinkapa renamed Wahpeton. This was derived from the Dakota name of the local band of Dakota Indians, the Wakhpetonwan. The name in Dakota means "leaf dwellers." They adopted this name at an earlier time when they lived in the vicinity of Lake Mille Lacs , before they were displaced by

1960-505: The county's first retail store in Wahpeton. By 1876 the traffic between Wahpeton and Breckenridge had grown past the ferry's capacity. A bridge was built across the Bois de Sioux River connecting the towns. Another flurry of growth occurred in 1880 when the St. Paul, Minneapolis, and Manitoba Railroad crossed the river and pushed its tracks on toward the northwest. By 1883 the population of Wahpeton

2016-532: The federally recognized Sisseton-Wahpeton Dakota Oyate and funded by the Bureau of Indian Education . The tribes renamed the school Circle of Nations School and operate it, serving children in grades 4–8. According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 5.355 square miles (13.87 km ), all land. The Red River forms one of the most fertile river valleys in

2072-401: The golf course is Chahinkapa Park, which houses playgrounds, baseball, softball, football fields, and tennis. During the summer the large swimming pool is open. Chahinkapa Park is also home to Chahinkapa Zoo . In May 2018, Chahinkapa Zoo became home to two white rhinos. The Richland County Historical Society Museum features Native American artifacts and displays of pioneer life. Near Wahpeton

2128-418: The lake. Over thousands of years, sediments precipitated to the bottom of the lakebed. These lacustrine soils are the parent soils of today's Red River Valley . The river is very young; it developed only after Lake Agassiz drained, about 9,500 years ago. The word "valley" is a misnomer. While the Red River drains the region, it did not create a valley wider than a few hundred feet. The much wider floodplain

2184-411: The old lakebed in "overland flooding". Heavy snows or rains, especially on saturated or frozen soil, have caused a number of catastrophic floods, which often are made worse by the fact that snowmelt starts in the warmer south, and waters flowing northward are often dammed or slowed by ice. These periodic floods have the effect of refilling, in part, the ancient lake. Floods happen in the Red River when

2240-437: The population holding a bachelor's degree or higher and 92.9% holding a high school diploma. The top nine reported ancestries (people were allowed to report up to two ancestries, thus the figures will generally add to more than 100%) were German (43.2%), Norwegian (20.0%), Irish (7.4%), English (4.0%), Polish (2.7%), French (except Basque) (2.3%), Scottish (1.7%), Italian (0.3%), and Subsaharan African (0.1%). The median age in

2296-475: The population. The top six ancestry groups in the city are German (47.4%), Norwegian (28.4%), Irish (7.1%), Swedish (5.8%), French (4.0%), English (4.0%). There were 3,254 households, of which 30.4% had children under 18 living with them, 45.3% were married couples living together, 8.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 42.6% were non-families. 32.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.0% had someone living alone who

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2352-433: The population. 16.3% of residents were under the age of 18, 4.3% were under 5 years of age, and 18.4% were 65 and older. As of the 2010 census , there were 7,766 people, 3,151 households, and 1,717 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,467.4 inhabitants per square mile (566.6/km ). There were 3,482 housing units at an average density of 658.2 inhabitants per square mile (254.1/km ). The racial makeup of

2408-530: The railroad downriver via the Red River of the North (which flowed north) to northern parts of the state and to Winnipeg , Manitoba, Canada. The railroad line attracted many more settlers to the area—both migrants from the Eastern United States, Native Americans, and new European immigrants. Germans , Bohemians , Scandinavians , and Native Americans moved to Richland County to file for homesteads. In 1874, Jacob Morvin and Joseph Sittarich opened

2464-730: The request of Major Robert Rogers , commander of Fort Michilimackinac . This British fort at Mackinaw City, Michigan , protected the passage between Lake Michigan and Lake Huron of the Great Lakes . In 1763 the British had extended their reach in Canada and territory west of the Appalachian Mountains, taking over former French colonial territories after defeating the French in the Seven Years' War . Carver's mission

2520-487: The sales tax 10 years to June 30, 2006. On October 14, 2003, voters approved broadening the use and extending the 1½% sales tax to June 30, 2026. The area attracts outdoorsmen and hunters, as it is in the midst of the Central Flyway , thus providing excellent migratory waterfowl hunting . The Bois de Sioux Golf Course is the nation's only golf course with half the course in one state and half in another. Near

2576-553: The subject of scholarly studies. After the disastrous 1950 flood, which resulted in extensive property damage and losses in Winnipeg , the province of Manitoba undertook flood prevention by constructing the Red River Floodway . Completed in 1968, it diverts floodwaters around the city to less settled areas farther down the river. Grand Forks, North Dakota, and East Grand Forks, Minnesota, suffered widespread destruction in

2632-400: The time, as some people thought it was massively overbuilt and was the then-largest earth-moving project in the world. The project was completed under-budget, and has been used for at least some flood control 20 times in the 37 years from its completion to 2006. The Floodway has saved an estimated CA$ 10 billion in flood damages. In the spring of 1997 a major flood of the Red River caused

2688-570: The water level increases over the tops of riverbanks due to significant precipitation over the same area for long periods, in the forms of persistent thunderstorms, rain, or snow combined with spring snow melt and ice jam. Major floods in historic times include those of 1826 , 1897 , 1950 , 1997 , 2009 , 2011 , and there has been significant flooding many years in between. Geologists have found evidence of many other floods in prehistoric times of equal or greater size. These " paleofloods " are known from their effects on local landforms, and have been

2744-529: The world. As it flows north to Canada, it forms the state boundary between North Dakota and Minnesota . Wahpeton is near the river's headwaters at the confluence of the Bois de Sioux and Otter Tail Rivers. This climatic region is typified by large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and cold (sometimes severely cold) winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Wahpeton has

2800-405: Was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.28 and the average family size was 2.97. In the city, the population was spread out, with 21.2% under 18, 24.1% from 18 to 24, 24.2% from 25 to 44, 17.5% from 45 to 64, and 13.0% who were 65 or older. The median age was 29. For every 100 females, there were 109.8 males. For every 100 females 18 and over, there were 112.3 males. The median income for

2856-408: Was Morgan T. Rich. His plow turned the first furrow of rich black bottomland in 1869. When other settlers arrived, they formed a tiny community and named it Richville, commemorating both its founder and the fertile quality of the soil. In 1871, a U.S. post office opened. At the same time, the town's name was changed to Chahinkapa , a Lakota Sioux word meaning "the end of the woods". Two years later,

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2912-574: Was a surprise major flood on the Assiniboine River . In May 2011, a Manitoba-wide state of emergency was declared in the wake of a 300-year flood on the Assiniboine River at Brandon . Many residents had to be evacuated. Below are the estimated, measured, and calculated peak flow rates of the Red River at various locations for the top ten floods of the Red River Valley, as measured at Winnipeg. Wahpeton, North Dakota Wahpeton ( / ˈ w ɑː p ɪ t ən / WAH -pit-ən )

2968-513: Was estimated to be as high as 1,400 people. In 1888, the Northern Light Electric Company (NLEC) was organized here. It made Wahpeton among North Dakota's first cities to be electrified. In 1909, NLEC became the first customer of the newly founded Otter Tail Power Company . In 1913, NLEC's owner, C. B. Kidder, sold his company to Otter Tail Power and became its first general manager. In 1927, Otter Tail Power built what

3024-524: Was long used by fur traders , including the French and the Métis people , who established a community in this area some time before the British defeated France in the Seven Years' War . Following that, they took over French possessions in Canada. Settlers of the Red River Colony established farming along the river, and their primary settlement developed as Winnipeg , Manitoba. What became known as

3080-624: Was then its largest power plant at Wahpeton, naming it Kidder Station. The plant was removed in 1977; the site is now a park. In 1889, the Red River Valley University was established in Wahpeton. It later was renamed the North Dakota State College of Science . On June 10, 1897, a lightning bolt struck the main pole in a Ringling Brothers Circus tent as it was being erected, breaking the pole and causing three deaths. The lives lost are commemorated with

3136-526: Was to find the Northwest Passage , the imagined waterway to the Orient which Rogers (and many other explorers of the time) believed existed. Carver could not find what does not exist, but his account of exploration helped attract fur traders and other explorers to this territory. More than 100 years after Carver's expedition, a U.S. government surveying party passed through the Wahpeton area. With

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