124-610: The RapidX is a rapid rail system operated by the National Capital Region Transport Corporation (NCRTC) in India's National Capital Region (NCR). The objective of RapidX is to replace the conventional non-air-conditioned MEMU -operated local train network with a rapid rail system. The semi-high-speed trainsets operating on RapidX are named Namo Bharat and have an average speed of 100 km/h (62 mph). Germany’s Deutsche Bahn has won
248-574: A joint venture with Salora Oy in 1979, which became the foundation of its future mobile phone business. In 1981, Mobira launched the Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT) service, the world's first international cellular network and the first to allow international roaming . In 1982, Mobira launched the Mobira Senator car phone, Nokia's first mobile phone. At that time, the company had no interest in producing mobile phones, which
372-596: A rubber business founded by Eduard Polón , established a factory near the town of Nokia and used its name. In 1922, in the now independent Finland, Nokia Ab entered into a partnership with the Finnish Rubber Works and Kaapelitehdas ( the Cable Factory ), all now jointly under the leadership of Polón. The rubber company grew rapidly when it moved to the Nokia region in the 1930s to take advantage of
496-558: A Semi-High Speed Train. In 2021, Indian Railways started to upgrade Rajdhani Coaches to Tejas coaches. This replaced its traditional LHB Rajdhani coaches On 15 February 2021, the Agartala Rajdhani Express was upgraded with Tejas livery Sleeper Coaches. On 19 July 2021, the Mumbai Rajdhani Express was upgraded to Tejas class smart coaches. LHB Rajdhani coaches. On 1 September 2021
620-410: A change to the signalling system to account for increased braking distance. Prior to the project, the system comprised a mixture of equipment from pre- WWI mechanical signalling to the remote control systems of the 1980s. In some cases, operators needed to telephone the local operators to manually control the signal boxes. With the new speeds, the signalling needed to be computerized. The project employed
744-708: A class of railcars built by United Goninan , Broadmeadow for Transwa in 2004–05 to replace the WAGR WCA/WCE class railcars on the AvonLink and Prospector services in Australia . They are capable of high-speed operation. In China, higher-speed railways are railways that are not officially categorized as high-speed rail but allow CRH EMUs run on it with speeds up to 200 km/h. Typically these lines are classified as Grade I conventional railways and are used by both passenger and freight services. Note that
868-411: A convenient and seamless travel experience for commuters, the three Phase-1 RapidX corridors— Delhi-Meerut , Delhi-Panipat , and Delhi-Alwar —will converge at Delhi's Sarai Kale Khan station . These corridors will be interoperable, allowing trains to move freely between them. This interoperability will enable commuters to travel between stations on different corridors without changing trains, encouraging
992-570: A large range of colourful and replaceable back covers called Xpress-on. One of the earliest fashion phones in 1992, from Swiss watchmaker Swatch , was based on Nokia's 101 handset. The company would also form the Vertu division, creating luxury mobile handsets. In April 1996, Nokia claimed its 447Xav and 447K monitors to be the first with stereo speakers and a subwoofer . In May 1999, Nokia introduced their first wireless LAN products. In January 2000, ViewSonic acquired Nokia Display Products,
1116-424: A legacy railway line to high speed railway standards (speeds in excess of 250 km/h or 155 mph), but usually falling short on the intended speeds. The faster speeds are achieved through various means including new rolling stock such as tilting trains, upgrades to tracks including shallower curves, electrification, in-cab signalling, and less frequent halts/stops. As with the definitions of high-speed rail ,
1240-607: A new operating system for PDAs and smart mobile phones as a successor of EPOC32 . They released the Nokia 9210 Communicator running Symbian OS in 2001 and later that year created the Symbian Series 60 platform, later introducing it with their first camera phone , the Nokia 7650 . Both Nokia and Symbian eventually became the largest smartphone hardware and software maker, respectively, and in February 2004, Nokia became
1364-643: A new three-digit naming system for mobile phone products and stop using letters, effectively ending the Nseries , Eseries , and short-lived Cseries . That same day the Nokia 500 was introduced with the new system. Nokia last used three-digit names on analogue phones in the 1990s. When the Lumia 920 was announced in September 2012, it was seen by the press as the first high-end Windows Phone that could challenge rivals due to its advanced feature set. Elop said that
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#17327799027071488-531: A part of Delhi Metro's expansion to towns in the vicinity. In 2013, the Government of India established the National Capital Region Transport Corporation to implement eight planned Regional Rapid Transit Systems (RRTS) aimed at decongesting Delhi and its surrounding areas within a 100–200 km (62–124 mi) radius. In October 2023, NCRTC branded the RRTS services RapidX and the trainsets Namo Bharat . To ensure
1612-485: A realistic representation of how the final structure will appear. All RRTS stations are currently being designed and developed using the BIM platform. The NCRTC is installing a Continuously Operating Reference Station (CORS) network system, including a control station, to enhance geolocation accuracy for civil construction surveys. This system delivers real-time, highly precise coordinates with an accuracy of 5–10 mm, compared to
1736-561: A result. Finland was now also experiencing its worst recession in living memory , and the collapse of the Soviet Union, a major customer, made matters worse. Vuorilehto quit in January 1992 and was replaced by Jorma Ollila , who had been the head of the mobile phone business from 1990 and advised against selling that division. Ollila decided to turn Nokia into a " telecom -oriented" company, and he eventually got rid of divisions like
1860-528: A separate business coach. This will encourage business class commuters to switch to public transport for intercity travel. Premium lounge : These premium lounges will be built at every station of the network. These lounges will be reserved for business class passengers commuting via the RRTS. Comfortable travel : The air-conditioned RapidX coaches will have transverse seating arrangements with overhead luggage space and Wi-Fi connectivity, among other modern amenities. Women's coach : Each RapidX train will have
1984-689: A separate coach for women travellers, just like the Delhi Metro. Universal accessibility : The entire infrastructure of the RapidX, including stations and trains, will be designed with universal accessibility in mind. Nokia partnered with Alstom to implement the 4.9G/LTE private wireless network to support the ETCS L2 signalling for the RRTS. This is a "world-first application" of an LTE network integrated with ETCS Level 2 signaling, enabling high-speed and highly reliable commuter services. Additionally,
2108-481: A sharp slide from the 5th place it was in 2009. Nokia's downfall in the mobile phone market has had different explanations from analysts, with many split about the CEO's decision to abandon its in-house operating system and adopting Windows Phone in 2011. Many researchers have concluded that Nokia suffered from deep internal rivalries within the management. Former employees claimed that the management became so swollen by
2232-521: A shift from private vehicles to the RapidX network. RapidX stations will be integrated with other modes of public transport wherever feasible, including airports, railway stations of the Indian Railway network, inter-state bus terminals , and Delhi Metro stations. This integration aims to ensure seamless commuter transfers between different modes of transportation, encouraging greater reliance on public transit systems. While RapidX will serve as
2356-582: A single source of truth across the organization. The CDE enables efficient management of design processes, defines and implements workflows, and monitors progress and actions throughout the organization. Building Information Modeling (BIM) is an intelligent 3D model-based process that provides architecture, engineering, and construction professionals with the insights and tools needed to efficiently plan, design, construct, and manage buildings, infrastructure, and other structures. Project components, such as walls and doors, are modeled in 3D using BIM software, offering
2480-581: A smoother ride at higher speeds, the lengths of rail may be welded together to form continuous welded rail (CWR). However, the continuous welded rails are vulnerable to stress due to changes in temperature. In Australia, the track condition before the Regional Fast Rail project could only support trains up to speeds of 130 km/h (80 mph). The tracks are with mixture of wooden and concrete ties. The rail weight varies but with majority being 47 kg/m (95 lb/yd). The track upgrade in
2604-843: A specially designed system: a 25 kV flexible overhead catenary system for elevated sections and a rigid overhead catenary system for tunnels. The trains for the service were specifically designed for fast and comfortable regional commutes. The lightweight stainless steel body of the Namo Bharat trainsets, combined with their aerodynamic nose design, minimizes air drag at high speeds of up to 180 km/h (112 mph). The trainsets were engineered at Alstom's design center in Hyderabad and manufactured by Bombardier Transportation in Savli . The Slab Track Austria system, known for delivering exceptional riding comfort even at high speeds of 180 km/h (112 mph),
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#17327799027072728-486: A successful and innovative maker of camera phones . The Nokia 3600/3650 was the first camera phone on sale in North America in 2003. In April 2005, Nokia partnered with German camera optics maker Carl Zeiss AG . That same month, Nokia introduced the Nseries , which would become its flagship line of smartphones for the next six years. The Nokia N95 was introduced in September 2006, became highly successful, and
2852-553: A top speed of 110 mph (175 km/h). In 1999, the concept of Regional Fast Rail project was initiated by the Government of Victoria with a goal to provide express higher-speed rail services between four main regional centres of Victoria ( Geelong , Ballarat , Bendigo and the Latrobe Valley ) and Melbourne . The initiative included a key component to upgrade rail infrastructure to have top speeds up to 160 km/h (100 mph). The development phase of initiative
2976-410: A tyre producer originally formed as a division of Finnish Rubber Works in 1932, split away from Nokia Corporation in 1988. Two years later, in 1990, Finnish Rubber Works followed suit. In 1991, Nokia sold its computer division, Nokia Data, to UK -based International Computers Limited (ICL), the precursor of Fujitsu Siemens . Investors thought of this as financial trouble and Nokia's stock price sank as
3100-462: Is median separators which are installed along the center line of roadways, extending approximately 70 to 100 feet from the crossing, to discourage drivers from running around the crossing gates. More active devices include the four-quadrant gate , which blocks both sides of each traffic lane. Longer gate arms can cover 3/4 of the roadway. Video cameras can also be installed to catch the violators. A signal monitoring system can also be installed to alert
3224-486: Is India's first train operated by private operators, IRCTC , a subsidiary of Indian Railways . The Ahmedabad – Mumbai Tejas express, also operated by IRCTC was inaugurated on the 17 January 2020. From 1 September 2021, the train LHB Rajdhani Rakes are replaced with LHB Tejas Sleeper Rakes. This increased the speed of the train to 130 km/h. The train can travel at a top speed of 160 km/h making it
3348-452: Is a semi high-speed rail project inaugurated in 2023. Trains, called Namo Bharat trains , can reach speeds of up to 180 kilometers per hour. Nokia Nokia Corporation is a Finnish multinational telecommunications , information technology , and consumer electronics corporation, originally established as a pulp mill in 1865. Nokia's main headquarters are in Espoo , Finland, in
3472-443: Is also used by planners to identify the incremental rail improvements to increase train speeds and reduce travel time as alternatives to larger efforts to create or expand the high-speed rail networks. Though the definition of higher-speed rail varies from country to country, most countries refer to rail services operating at speeds up to 200 km/h (125 mph). The concept is usually viewed as stemming from efforts to upgrade
3596-438: Is an example of deliberately reduced speeds). Identifiers starting with S indicates metropolitan services using CRH rolling stock and have a different fare system to the national one. Their maximum speed is 160 km/h. Note: The start and end station in the following lists accounts only CRH services. * denotes some section of this line doesn't have 160 km/h CRH services. (including Second track ) This section lists
3720-805: Is based on the British Rail designed High Speed Train and entered service in April 1982. It came to fruition in January 1978 when the Public Transport Commission invited tenders for 25 high-speed railcars similar to the Prospector railcars delivered by Comeng to the Western Australian Government Railways in 1971. Comeng's proposal for a train based on the InterCity 125 was announced as
3844-500: Is being used in India for the first time. These tracks are favoured for their durability, reduced maintenance needs, and ease of replacement. The ETCS Level-2 signaling system, widely used globally for high-speed railway transit, is being implemented in India for the first time. This advanced system features modern signaling with virtual blocks and Automatic Train Operation (ATO) functionality over an LTE backbone. A standout feature of
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3968-566: Is compatible with higher-speed rail operation. They are both transponder -based and GPS -based PTC systems currently in use in the United States. By a mandate, a significant portion of the railroads in the United States will be covered by PTC by the end of 2015. To support trains that run regularly at higher speeds, the rails need to be reliable. Most freight tracks have wooden ties which cause rails to become slightly misaligned over time due to wood rot, splitting and spike -pull (where
4092-417: Is for 10-year-olds", stating that N-Gage is more suited to a mature audience. However, the device was a failure, unable to challenge the dominant market leader, Nintendo . Nokia attempted to revive N-Gage as a platform for their S60 smartphones, which eventually launched in 2008. In Q1 2004, Nokia's mobile phone handset market share steeply dropped to 28.9%, down from 34.6% a year earlier. However, by 2006,
4216-400: Is the safety of grade crossings (also known as level crossings , flat level crossings , non- grade-separated crossings) which limits how fast trains can go. FRA regulations set speed limits for tracks with grade crossings as follows: Level crossings are generally the most dangerous part of the railway network with a large number of fatal incidents occurring at a grade crossing. In Europe,
4340-577: The Fortune Global 500 , having peaked at 85th place in 2009. It is a component of the Euro Stoxx 50 stock market index . The company has operated in various industries over the past 150 years. It was founded as a pulp mill and had long been associated with rubber and cables , but since the 1990s has focused on large-scale telecommunications infrastructure , technology development, and licensing. Nokia made significant contributions to
4464-493: The 808 PureView with a 41-megapixel sensor, in 2012; and the Lumia 920 flagship, which implemented advanced PureView technologies, in 2012. Nokia was one of the pioneers of mobile gaming due to the popularity of Snake , which came preloaded on many products. In 2002, Nokia attempted to break into the handheld gaming market with the N-Gage . Nokia's head of entertainment and media, Ilkka Raiskinen, once said, " Game Boy
4588-521: The Datasaab computer division of Swedish aircraft and car manufacturer Saab . Ericsson Information Systems made Alfaskop terminals, typewriters , minicomputers and Ericsson-branded IBM compatible PCs . The merger with Nokia's Information Systems division—which since 1981 had a line of personal computers called MikroMikko —resulted in the name Nokia Data. Nokia also acquired Mobira, a mobile radio telephone manufacturer that had been established in
4712-638: The Helsinki metropolitan area , but the company's actual roots are in the Tampere region of Pirkanmaa . In 2020, Nokia employed approximately 92,000 people across over 100 countries, did business in more than 130 countries, and reported annual revenues of around €23 billion. Nokia is a public limited company listed on the Nasdaq Helsinki and New York Stock Exchange . It was the world's 415th-largest company measured by 2016 revenues, according to
4836-524: The Rajendra Nagar Patna Rajdhani Express was upgraded to Tejas rakes. This increased the speed of the train to 130 km/h. The train can travel at a top speed of 160 km/h. In 2019, Vande Bharat Express , also known as Train 18 , was inaugurated. This is an Indian higher-speed rail intercity electric multiple unit . It was designed and built by Integral Coach Factory (ICF) at Perambur , Chennai under
4960-573: The Solid State Interlocking with the newly laid fiber-optic communication between the components to use three computer systems to control the signals. When the output of one computer differs from the other two, the system will fail that computer and continue the signal operations as long as the outputs from the other two computers are consistent. The project deployed the Train Protection & Warning System which allows
5084-642: The Symbian Foundation was closing and that Nokia would take back control of the Symbian operating system under closed licensing. By now Nokia was the only remaining company using the platform, along with carrier NTT DoCoMo in Japan, after both Samsung and Sony Ericsson moved to Android . Meanwhile, in 2010 for Nokia's Linux ambitions, Nokia collaborated with Intel to form the MeeGo project, after
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5208-599: The mobile telephony industry, assisting in the development of the GSM , 3G , and LTE standards. For a decade beginning in 1998, Nokia was the largest worldwide vendor of mobile phones and smartphones . In the later 2000s, however, Nokia suffered from a series of poor management decisions and soon saw its share of the mobile phone market drop sharply. After a partnership with Microsoft and Nokia's subsequent market struggles, in 2014, Microsoft bought Nokia's mobile phone business, incorporating it as Microsoft Mobile . After
5332-506: The 10–15 meters typically provided by standard GPS. By eliminating cumulative errors in geolocation, the CORS network ensures better alignment during construction and serves as a comprehensive life cycle management solution for the project. Operational Approved Proposed For 150 mph (241 km/h) or more in the US, see High-speed rail in
5456-462: The 1960s, Nokia expanded into the Soviet market. It soon widened trade, ranging from automatic telephone exchanges to robotics among others; by the late 1970s, the Soviet Union became a major market for Nokia, yielding high profits. The U.S. government became increasingly concerned of the possible export of items it deemed as high technology, such as digital telephone exchanges, to the Soviet Union in
5580-728: The 1980s. This led to Finland entering the Coordinating Committee for Multilateral Export Controls in 1987. This was a demonstration of Finland balancing between both sides, as it was neutral during the Cold War. In 1977, Kari Kairamo became CEO and transformed the company's businesses. By this time, Finland was becoming what has been called "Nordic Japan". Under his leadership, Nokia acquired many companies, including television maker Salora in 1984, followed by Swedish electronics and computer maker Luxor AB in 1985, and French television maker Oceanic in 1987. This made Nokia
5704-471: The ETCS Level 2 system allows trains to provide real-time updates of their precise location. To optimize the utilization of the RapidX system, the routes will also be used for transporting cargo during non-peak hours, with a focus on goods like perishables that can benefit significantly from the service. This initiative is expected to reduce pollution by decongesting roads between cities and decreasing
5828-678: The FRA establishes classification of track quality which regulates the speed limits of trains with Class 5, Class 6, Class 7 and Class 8 for top speeds of 90 mph (145 km/h), 110 mph (175 km/h), 125 mph (200 km/h) and 160 mph (255 km/h), respectively. The FRA also regulates passenger train design and safety standards to ensure trains that operate at speeds of 80 mph (130 km/h) up to 125 mph (200 km/h) comply with its Tier I standard and trains that operate at speeds up to 150 mph (240 km/h) comply with its Tier II standard. Another limitation
5952-540: The FRA limits train speeds to 110 mph (175 km/h) without an "impenetrable barrier" at each crossing. Even with that top speed, the grade crossings must have adequate means to prevent collisions. Another option is grade separation , but it could be cost-prohibitive and the planners may opt for at-grade crossing improvements instead. The safety improvements at crossings can be done using combination of techniques. This includes passive devices such as upgraded signage and pavement markings. Another low-cost passive device
6076-473: The Indian government's Make in India initiative over a span of 18 months. The unit cost of the first rake was given as ₹ 1 billion (US$ 12 million), though the unit cost is expected to go down with subsequent production. At the original price, it is estimated to be 40% cheaper than a similar train imported from Europe. The train was launched on 15 February 2019, from Delhi to Varanasi . The service
6200-665: The Microsoft alliance and under Elop's management, Nokia also had a renewed focus on the North American market where Nokia phones were, in stark contrast to the rest of the world, almost irrelevant for many years. This strategy began in January 2012 with the introduction of the Nokia Lumia 900 smartphone in partnership with U.S. carrier AT&T . In March 2011, Nokia introduced a new corporate typeface called "Pure". On 1 August 2011, Nokia announced that it would adopt
6324-488: The Nokia Siemens Networks joint venture for $ 2.2 billion, turning it into a wholly owned subsidiary called Nokia Solutions and Networks, until being rebranded as Nokia Networks soon after. During Nokia's financial struggles, its profitable networking division with Siemens provided much of its income; thus, the purchase proved to be positive, particularly after the sale of its mobile devices unit. After
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#17327799027076448-914: The Nokia board green-lit him the ability to change the company's mobile phones strategy, including changing operating systems. Veteran Anssi Vanjoki , head of the smartphones division, left the company around this time. His final appearance was at Nokia World 2010 when the Nokia E7-00 and other Symbian^3 devices were introduced. On 11 February 2011, Nokia announced a "strategic partnership" with Microsoft , under which it would adopt Windows Phone 7 as its primary operating system on smartphones, and integrate its services and platforms with its own, including Bing as search engine, and integration of Nokia Maps data into Bing Maps . Elop stated that Nokia chose not to use Android because of an apparent inability to "differentiate" its offerings, with critics also noting that his past ties to Microsoft may have also influenced
6572-548: The Nokia brand was "valuable" but "is diminishing in value, and that's why it is important that we reverse that trend very quickly, imminently". The next day, Nokia unveiled the N1 , an Android tablet manufactured by Foxconn , as its first product following the Microsoft sale. Haidamus emphasized that devices released under these licensing agreements would be held to high standards in production quality, and would "look and feel just like Nokia built it". Nokia CEO Rajeev Suri stated that
6696-408: The RRTS is the interoperability across all corridors, enabled by ETCS Level-2. The system monitors train speed and direction while providing operational directives via a radio block center. The use of virtual blocks eliminates the possibility of train collisions, ensuring enhanced safety and efficiency. SPEED is NCRTC's in-house, advanced, and user-friendly platform designed for monitoring and managing
6820-477: The United States Semi-high speed rail Higher-speed rail ( HrSR ), also known as high-performance rail , higher-performance rail , semi-high-speed rail or almost-high-speed rail , is the jargon used to describe inter-city passenger rail services that have top speeds of more than conventional rail but are not high enough to be called high-speed rail services. The term
6944-624: The United States, railroad tracks are largely used for freight with at-grade crossings . Passenger trains in many corridors run on shared tracks with freight trains . Most trains are limited to top speeds of 79 mph (127 km/h) unless they are equipped with an automatic cab signal , automatic train stop , automatic train control or positive train control system approved by the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA). In developing higher-speed rail services, one of those safety systems must be used. Additionally,
7068-780: The above limitations, many regional transportation planners focus on rail improvements to have the top speeds up to 110 mph (175 km/h) when proposing a new higher-speed rail service. In countries where there had been rail improvement projects in the later part of the 20th century and into the 2000s, there are inter-city rail services with comparable speed ranges of higher-speed rail, but they are not specifically called "higher-speed rail". Below are some examples of such services that are still in operation. Some commuter rail services that cover shorter distances may achieve similar speeds but they are not typically called as higher-speed rail. Some examples are: There are many types of trains that can support higher-speed rail operation. Usually,
7192-486: The acquisition products were sold under the "ITT Nokia" brand, despite SEL's sale to Compagnie Générale d'Electricité (CGE), the predecessor of Alcatel , in 1986. In 1987, Kaapelitehdas discontinued production of cables at its Helsinki factory after 44 years, effectively shutting down the sub-company. On 1 April 1988, Nokia bought the Information Systems division of Ericsson , which had originated as
7316-750: The backbone of regional transportation across the National Capital Region , Delhi Metro lines will complement it by functioning as feeder lines . The Sarai Kale Khan RapidX station will serve as a mega-terminal where all three Phase-I RapidX corridors converge, further enhancing connectivity. [REDACTED] Anand Vihar ISBT [REDACTED] UPSRTC bus depot ( Kaushambi ) [REDACTED] Anand Vihar Terminal [REDACTED] Hazrat Nizamuddin [REDACTED] Sarai Kale Khan ISBT [REDACTED] Delhi Aerocity Airport Express Golden Line [REDACTED] Proposed multimodal hub Business class : Each RapidX train will have
7440-563: The company was steadily gaining again and in Q4 2007 reached its all-time high figure of 40.4%. Its smartphone market share in that quarter was 51%. Nokia was the largest vendor at the time in all regions bar North America . Nokia launched mobile TV trials in 2005 in Finland with content provided by public broadcaster Yle . The services are based on the DVB-H standard. It could be viewed with
7564-520: The company's new Internet services, which included the N-Gage platform and the Nokia Music Store . The Ovi Store faced stiff competition from Apple 's App Store when it was introduced in 2008. In October 2008, Nokia announced the Nokia 5800 XpressMusic , the first device to ship with the new touch-centric S60 5th Edition, also known as Symbian^1, the first iteration of the platform since
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#17327799027077688-530: The company's stock price fell below $ 2. CEO Elop announced cost-cutting measures in June by shedding 10,000 employees by the end of the year and the closure of the Salo manufacturing plant. The Finnish prime minister also announced that the government wouldn't subsidize the company from an emergency state fund. Around this time Nokia started a new project codenamed " Meltemi ", a platform for low-end smartphones. With
7812-566: The computer market with the Booklet 3G netbook in August 2009. In late 2009 and in 2010, the music-focused Xseries and consumer-focused Cseries were introduced respectively. In April 2010 Nokia introduced its next flagship mobile device, the Nokia N8 , which would be the first to run on Symbian . However it was delayed for many months which tarnished the company's image, especially after
7936-469: The construction work that could potentially disrupt the train services. The followings are some strategies used by regional transportation planners and rail track owners for their rail improvement projects in order to start the higher-speed rail services. In Victoria , Australia, the increased top speeds from 130 to 160 km/h (80 to 100 mph) in the Regional Fast Rail project required
8060-469: The contract to operate and maintain the entire Delhi–Meerut rapid rail transit corridor for 12 years, with a bid valued at approximately ₹1,500 crores (roughly US$ 178 million). The proposal for a regional rapid transit service to connect Delhi with nearby towns was floated in the late 1990s by Indian Railways . In 2006, with the ongoing expansion of the Delhi Metro , the plan was under consideration as
8184-508: The country's GDP , 21% of total exports, and 70% of the Nasdaq Helsinki market capital . 60°13′30″N 24°45′22″E / 60.225°N 24.756°E / 60.225; 24.756 Nokia's history dates from 1865, when mining engineer Fredrik Idestam established a pulp mill on the shores of the Tammerkoski rapids near the town of Tampere , Finland (then a Grand Duchy under Russian Empire 's rule). A second pulp mill
8308-555: The creation of the Symbian Foundation. In November 2008, Nokia announced it would end mobile phone sales in Japan because of low market share. Nokia's global mobile phone market share peaked in 2008 at 38.6 percent. The same year, Nokia announced the acquisition of Trolltech and its Qt software development. Qt was a central part of Nokia's strategy until 2011, and it was eventually sold in 2012. Nokia briefly returned to
8432-484: The crews when the crossing equipment has malfunctioned. In Norway, grade crossing speed are not permitted to exceed 160 km/h (100 mph). In areas where there is frequent interference between freight and passenger trains due to congestion which causes the passenger trains to slow down, more extensive improvements may be needed. Certain segments of the line in congested areas may need to be rerouted. New track may need to be laid to avoid many curves which slow down
8556-404: The deal as rationally correct (in the best interests of Nokia shareholders), but emotionally difficult – experts agree that Nokia would have been in a cash crisis had it not sold the division to Microsoft. Analysts believe that Ballmer pushed for the buyout because of fears that Nokia was close to adopting Android and abandoning their alliance with Microsoft. Indeed, in January 2014 the Nokia X
8680-596: The decision. Although the MeeGo "Harmattan"-based N9 was met with a highly positive reception in 2011, Nokia had already decided to end development on MeeGo and solely focus on its Microsoft partnership, although the CEO said that the N9's "innovations" will live on in the future, which eventually made their way on the Asha platform in 2013. After the announcement of the Microsoft partnership, Nokia's market share deteriorated; this
8804-526: The definition varies by country. The term has been used by government agencies, government officials, transportation planners, academia, the rail industry, and the media, but sometimes with overlaps in the speed definitions. Some countries with an established definition of higher-speed rail include: In Canada, the assumption about grade crossing is that operating higher-speed rail services between 160 and 200 km/h (99 and 124 mph) would require "improved levels of protection in acceptable areas". In
8928-493: The deliberately reduced scenarios mentioned in "train identifiers" section above. Since 1997, ongoing construction to upgrade and built higher-speed lines capable of speeds of up to 200 km/h (120 mph) is conducted. The P.A.Th.E. Plan ( Patras - Athens - Thessaloniki - Evzonoi ), as it is called aims at reduced journey times between Greece's main cities (Athens, Thessaloniki and Patra) as well as an improved rail connection between Greece and North Macedonia . Currently, only
9052-549: The diesel-electric counterpart. The fuel consumption, locomotive maintenance costs and track wear of all all-electric locomotives are also lower. Furthermore, electric traction makes the operator more independent of oil price fluctuations and imports, as electricity can be generated from domestic resources or renewable energy. This was a major consideration in the electrification of the German Democratic Republic network , as lignite (and therefore electricity)
9176-498: The division making displays for personal computers. On 26 April 2001, Nokia partnered with Telefónica to supply DSL modems and routers in Spain. In 1997, Nokia established a joint venture with Brazilian electronics firm Gradient where they were granted the license to manufacture variants of Nokia mobile phones locally under the Nokia and Gradient brand names. In 1998, Nokia cofounded Symbian Ltd. , led by Psion , to create
9300-555: The division was merged into Nokia-Mobira Oy. The brand continued to be used for televisions until 1995. On 12 June 1996, Nokia announced the sale of its television business to Canada/Hong Kong-based Semi-Tech Corporation . The television manufacturing plant in Germany closed down in September 1996. The sale included a factory in Turku and the rights to use the Nokia, Finlux , Luxor , Salora , Schaub-Lorenz , and Oceanic brands until
9424-414: The early success that they grew complacent over time. Some from the Symbian developing team have claimed that the company's upper management rejected hundreds of potential innovations during the 2000s that they proposed, including entirely rewriting Symbian's code. One former Nokia employee claimed that the company was run as a " Soviet -style bureaucracy ". In July 2013, Nokia bought Siemens ' stake in
9548-422: The electricity supply, and the cable company soon did too. Nokia at the time also made respirators for both civilian and military use, from the 1930s well into the early 1990s. In 1967, the three companies – Nokia, Kaapelitehdas, and Finnish Rubber Works – merged to create a new Nokia Corporation, restructured into four major businesses: forestry, cable, rubber, and electronics. In the early 1970s, it entered
9672-545: The end of 1999. Some of these brands were later sold to other companies. Nokia was the first to launch digital satellite receivers in the UK, announced in March 1997. In August 1997, Nokia introduced the first digital satellite receiver with Common Interface (CI) support. In 1998, Nokia became the chosen supplier to produce the world's first digital terrestrial television set-top boxes by British Digital Broadcasting (BDB), which
9796-449: The executive board regarded as akin to James Bond 's gadgets: improbably futuristic and niche devices. After all these acquisitions, Nokia's revenue base became US$ 2.7 billion. CEO Kairamo killed himself on 11 December 1988. Following Simo Vuorilehto 's appointment as CEO, a major restructuring was planned. With 11 groups within the company, Vuorilehto divested industrial units he deemed as un-strategic. Nokian Tyres ( Nokian Renkaat ),
9920-431: The failure of its previous flagship N97 and tougher competition from Apple and the rising Google . On 10 September 2010, Olli-Pekka Kallasvuo was fired as CEO and it was announced that Stephen Elop from Microsoft would take Nokia's CEO position, becoming the first non-Finnish director in Nokia's history. It was claimed that investors pressed Nokia's board to recruit an outsider to shake up management and break from
10044-435: The first GSM network with Siemens , the predecessor to Nokia Siemens Network . The world's first GSM call was made by Finnish prime minister Harri Holkeri on 1 July 1991, using Nokia equipment on the 900 MHz band network built by Nokia and operated by Radiolinja . In November 1992, the Nokia 1011 launched, making it the first commercially available GSM mobile phone. Salora Oy as a Nokia subsidiary ended in 1989 when
10168-454: The higher superelevation, will require track modification to have transition spirals to and from those curves to be longer. Old turnouts may need replacement to allow trains to run through the turnouts at higher speeds. In the United States, some old turnouts have speed limit of 20 mph (30 km/h). Even with newer turnouts (rated #20), the diverging speed limit is still at 45 mph (70 km/h) which would significantly slow down
10292-425: The higher-speed train passing through those sections. High-speed turnouts (rated #32.7) are capable of handling maximum diverging speeds of 80 mph (130 km/h). In order to minimize the downtime to upgrade tracks, a track renewal train (TRT) can automate much of the process, replacing rails, ties, and ballast at the rate of 2 miles per day. In the United States, a TRT is used by Union Pacific Railroad on
10416-414: The largest shareholder of Symbian Ltd. Nokia acquired the entire company in June 2008 and then formed the Symbian Foundation as its successor. In 1998 alone, the company had sales revenue of $ 20 billion, making $ 2.6 billion profit. By 2000, Nokia employed over 55,000 people and had a market share of 30% in the mobile phone market, almost twice as large as its nearest competitor, Motorola . The company
10540-435: The length of track. When straight routes are not possible, reducing the number of curves and lowering the degree of curvature would result in higher achievable speeds on those curves. An example is the elimination of three consecutive reverse curves in favor of one larger curve. Raising superelevation may be considered for sharp curves which significantly limit speed. The higher speeds on those modified curves, together with
10664-417: The limit is often 160 km/h (100 mph) over grade crossings. In Sweden there is a special rule permitting 200 km/h (125 mph) if there are barriers and automatic detection of road vehicles standing on the track. In Russia 250 km/h (155 mph) is permitted over grade crossings. The United Kingdom has railway lines of 200 km/h (125 mph) which still use grade crossings. With
10788-500: The majority of high-speed lines are also called "passenger-only"( Chinese : 客运专线 ) lines. Inside mainland China this word invokes a sense of higher-speed rail but the wording usage is inconsistent. Identifiers starting with G indicates at least part of the train's route operates at a maximum 300 km/h or above (this is a characteristic of the line rather than the precise maximum speed of this exact train) and not running at deliberately reduced speed on any section. Other sections of
10912-485: The merger of Nokia's own Maemo and Intel's Moblin . Nokia's Symbian platform that had been the leading smartphone platform in Europe and Asia for many years was quickly becoming outdated and difficult for developers after the advent of iOS and Android. To counter this, Nokia planned to make their MeeGo Linux operating system, under development, the company's flagship on smartphones. Shortly after Elop's CEO tenure began,
11036-457: The mobile and smartphone market in 2016 through a licensing arrangement with HMD . Nokia continues to be a major patent licensor for most large mobile phone vendors. As of 2018, Nokia is the world's third-largest network equipment manufacturer. The company was viewed with national pride by Finns , as its mobile phone business made it by far the largest worldwide company and brand from Finland. At its peak in 2000, Nokia accounted for 4% of
11160-424: The modernized lines of Domokos – Thessaloniki , Athens Airport – Kiato , and Thessaloniki – Strymonas are in operation at maximum speeds of 160 km/h (99 mph). The Gatimaan Express was India's first semi-high speed train. In October 2014, the railways applied for safety certificate from Commission of Railway Safety to start the service. In June 2015, the train was officially announced. The train
11284-577: The networking and radio industries. Nokia started making military equipment for Finland's defence forces ( Puolustusvoimat ), such as the Sanomalaite M/90 communicator in 1983, and the M61 gas mask first developed in the 1960s. Nokia was now also making professional mobile radios , telephone switches , capacitors and chemicals . After Finland's trade agreement with the Soviet Union in
11408-687: The number of trucks in transit. Additionally, the system's trainset depots will be equipped with warehouses and other facilities to handle cargo efficiently. The NCRTC is developing a cutting-edge rail-based rapid transit system in the National Capital Region, designed for a maximum speed of 180 km/h (112 mph). Achieving this speed requires grade-separated tracks and advanced signaling and control systems to ensure high capacity and safe operations. The rolling stock will feature air-conditioned train cars with rapid acceleration and deceleration capabilities. Traction power will be supplied through
11532-426: The positive reaction to it had created a sense of hope and optimism in the company. The company was also making gains in developing countries with its Asha series, which were selling strongly. Although Nokia's smartphone sales and market share greatly increased throughout 2013, including in the North American market, it was still not enough to avoid financial losses. Ollila stepped down as chairman on 4 May 2012 and
11656-546: The power business. This strategy proved to be very successful, and the company grew rapidly in the following years. Nokia's operating profit went from negative in 1991 to $ 1 billion in 1995 and almost $ 4 billion by 1999. Nokia's first fully portable mobile phone after the Mobira Senator was the Mobira Cityman 900 in 1987. Nokia assisted in the development of the GSM mobile standard in the 1980s and developed
11780-596: The power plants. Substations are required for each of the 40-mile (64 km) lengths to reduce severe voltage losses. There is also a need to consider the required amount of power supply and new power plants may be required. For locomotives, new electric locomotives are needed or existing diesel-electric locomotives can be retrofitted into all-electric locomotives, but it is a complicated task. These factors cause electrification to have high initial investment costs. The advantages of all-electric locomotives are that they provide quieter, cleaner and more reliable operations than
11904-434: The project included changing to use concrete ties and to use new standard of rail weight at 60 kg/m (121 lb/yd) in order to support the new top speeds of 160 km/h (100 mph). There may be restriction in maximum operating speeds due to track geometry of existing line, especially on curves. Straightening the route, where possible, will reduce the travel time by increasing the allowable speeds and by reducing
12028-432: The rail infrastructure needs to be upgraded prior to such operation. However, the requirements to the infrastructure (signalling systems, curve radii, etc.) greatly increase with higher speeds, so an upgrade to a higher-speed standard is often simpler and less expensive than building new high-speed lines. But an upgrade to existing track currently in use, with busy traffic in some segments, introduces challenges associated with
12152-451: The reporting of activities during the pre-construction and construction phases of the RRTS. This robust and reliable system is built on modern technological frameworks, including JavaScript and PHP. A Common Data Environment (CDE) has been implemented to serve as a centralized repository for all construction and pre-construction drawings and technical documents. It facilitates real-time collaboration and sharing of updated information, ensuring
12276-557: The route may have lower speeds as low as 160 km/h. Identifiers starting with C indicates short-distance travel using CRH trains, the maximum speed is irrelevant (ranging from 160 km/h Ürümqi-Korla service to 350 km/h Beijing-Tianjin (via intercity) service). Identifiers starting with D indicates CRH services with maximum speed 265 km/h or less, including overnight sleepers on 310 km/h Beijing-Guangzhou line (running them 310 km/h overnight not only causes noises but also disturbs sleeping patterns of passengers. This
12400-406: The route, safety at all at-grade crossings needs to be considered. In Australia, the levels of upgrade of the crossing in the rail improvements project were based on the risk analysis. The improvements included flashing light protection, automatic full barriers protection, and pedestrian gates crossings. The project also introduced the use of rubber panels at the crossings. In the United States,
12524-507: The sale of its mobile devices division, Nokia focused on network equipment through Nokia Networks . In October 2014, Nokia and China Mobile signed a US$ 970 million framework deal for delivery between 2014 and 2015. On 17 November 2014, Nokia Technologies head Ramzi Haidamus disclosed that the company planned to re-enter the consumer electronics business as an original design manufacturer , licensing in-house hardware designs and technologies to third-party manufacturers. Haidamus stated that
12648-434: The sale, Nokia began to focus more on its telecommunications infrastructure business and on Internet of things technologies, marked by the divestiture of its Here mapping division and the acquisition of Alcatel-Lucent , including its Bell Labs research organization. The company then also experimented with virtual reality and digital health , the latter through the purchase of Withings . The Nokia brand returned to
12772-407: The spike is gradually loosened from the tie). The concrete ties used to replace them are intended to make the track more stable, particularly with changes in temperature. Rail joints are also an issue, since most conventional rail lines use bolts and fishplates to join two sections of the rail together. This causes the joint to become slightly misaligned over time due to loosening bolts. To make for
12896-632: The successful bidder in October 1976. The Tilt Train is the name for two similar tilting train services, one electric and the other diesel , operated by Queensland Rail on the North Coast line from Brisbane to Rockhampton and Cairns . In May 1999 the Electric Tilt Train set an Australian train speed record of 210 km/h (130 mph) north of Bundaberg , a record that still stands. The Transwa WDA/WDB/WDC class are
13020-487: The successor to Nokia's mobile devices division. Nokia also moved from its headquarters to another building complex located at Karaportti. At the time, Ballmer himself was retiring as Microsoft CEO and was replaced by Satya Nadella , who opposed the Nokia mobile phones purchase, along with chairman Bill Gates . The purchased assets from Nokia were eventually written-off by Microsoft in 2015. By 2014, Nokia's global brand value according to Interbrand fell to 98th place,
13144-523: The system to automatically applies the brakes at a sufficient distance to stop the train if the driver does not control the speeds adequately. The project also incorporated Train Control and Monitoring System to allow real-time monitoring of the position of trains. In the United States, the first step to increase top speeds from 79 mph (127 km/h) is to install a new signal system that incorporates FRA-approved positive train control (PTC) system that
13268-914: The third rail system is not generally used for higher-speed rail. One example in the United States that does involve electrification is the Keystone Improvement Project to provide higher-speed rail service along the Harrisburg - Pittsburgh segment of the Keystone Corridor in Pennsylvania . The plan includes additional track, a new signal system and electrification. If completed as planned, this would allow Amtrak to utilize electric power continuously on service from Philadelphia to Pittsburgh. The first segment ("Main Line") has already been using electric locomotives with
13392-451: The third-largest television manufacturer of Europe (behind Philips and Thomson ). The existing brands continued to be used until the end of the television business in 1996. In 1987, Nokia acquired Schaub-Lorenz, the consumer operations of Germany's Standard Elektrik Lorenz (SEL), which included its "Schaub-Lorenz" and "Graetz" brands. It was originally part of American conglomerate International Telephone & Telegraph (ITT), and after
13516-504: The track shared with future higher-speed rail service in Illinois area. For electrified track, the old catenary may need to be replaced. The fixed-tension catenary which is acceptable for low speeds may not be suitable for regular higher-speed rail services, where a constant tension is automatically maintained when temperature changes cause the length of the wire to expand or contract. With trains running at higher speeds throughout
13640-467: The traditional "Nokia way". Ollila had also announced that he would step down as Nokia chairman by 2012. On 11 March 2011 Nokia announced that it had paid Elop a $ 6 million signing bonus as "compensation for lost income from his prior employer", on top of his $ 1.4 million annual salary. The old Symbian OS became completely open-source in February 2010. However, in November 2010 it was announced that
13764-455: The trains. In stretches of heavy freight train traffic, adding passing sidings along the segment should be considered. Sometimes certain stations may need to be bypassed. Another consideration is electrification . Electrifying a railway line entails a major upgrade to the rail infrastructure and equipment. On the infrastructure side, it requires catenary lines to be built above the tracks. New transmission lines are needed to carry power from
13888-507: The widescreen Nokia 7710 smartphone with a special accessory enabling it to receive DVB-H signals. Nokia partnered with Arqiva and O2 to launch trials in the UK in September 2005. In 2005, Nokia developed a Linux -based operating system called Maemo , which shipped that year on the Nokia 770 Internet Tablet . On 1 June 2006, Jorma Ollila became the company's chairman and retired as CEO, replaced by Olli-Pekka Kallasvuo . In August 2007, Nokia introduced Ovi , an umbrella name for
14012-536: Was also awarded "best mobile imaging device" in Europe in 2007. Its successor the N82 featured a xenon flash, which helped it win the award of "best mobile imaging" device in Europe in 2008. The N93 in 2006 was known for its specialized camcorder and the twistable design that switches between clamshell and a camcorder-like position. They were also well known for the N8 with a high-resolution 12-megapixel sensor, in 2010;
14136-684: Was between 2000 and 2002. Finally, the services on four lines began between 2005 and 2006 with top speeds of 160 km/h using VLocity trains. Additionally, Queensland Rail 's Tilt Train , the Prospector and NSW TrainLink's XPT all have a top service speed of 160 km/h (99–100 mph). The New South Wales XPT (short for Express Passenger Train) is the main long-distance passenger train operated by NSW TrainLink on regional railway services in New South Wales , Australia from Sydney to Dubbo , Grafton , and Casino as well as interstate destinations, Brisbane and Melbourne . The XPT
14260-457: Was cheap and plentiful domestically whereas oil had to be imported at world market prices. An alternative to catenary lines is to use a third rail system which has a semi-continuous rigid conductor placed alongside or between the rails of a railway track. However the operating speeds of this type of systems cannot be greater than 100 mph (160 km/h) due to its limitation of the power supply gaps at turnouts and grade crossings. Therefore,
14384-519: Was due to demand for Symbian dropping when consumers realized Nokia's focus and attention would be elsewhere. The company posted a large loss for the second quarter of 2011 – only their second quarterly loss in 19 years. Nokia's first Windows Phone flagship was the Lumia 800 , which arrived in November 2011. Falling sales in 2011, which were not being improved significantly with the Lumia line in 2012, led to consecutive quarters of huge losses. By mid-2012
14508-501: Was eventually launched as ONdigital . In October 1998, Nokia overtook Motorola to become the best-selling mobile phone brand and in December, manufactured its 100 millionth mobile phone. A major reason why Nokia grew against its main competitors Motorola and Ericsson was that it managed to cater to the consumer youth market and fashion-oriented consumers, most significantly with the Nokia 5110 and 3210 handsets, which featured
14632-450: Was introduced which ran on a customised version of Android. It was a surprising and somewhat odd launch coming just weeks away from the finalization of the Microsoft buyout. Others, including Ballmer's successor Satya Nadella , felt that Microsoft thought merging their software teams with Nokia's hardware engineering and designs would "accelerate" growth of Windows Phone. The sale was completed in April 2014, with Microsoft Mobile becoming
14756-525: Was launched on 5 April 2016 and completed its maiden journey between Nizamuddin and Agra Cantt within 100 minutes. But due to low occupancy, Indian Railways first extended this train from Agra to Gwalior on 19 February 2018 and then to Jhansi on 1 April 2018. The Tejas Express was Introduced by Indian Railways in 2017. It features modern onboard facilities with doors which are operated automatically. Tejas means "sharp", "lustre" and "brilliance" in many Indian languages. The inaugural run of Tejas Express
14880-534: Was named 'Vande Bharat Express' on 27 January 2019. On 5 October 2019, a second Vande Bharat Express was opened from Delhi to Katra On 30 September 2022, Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated a 3rd Vande Bharat Express rake connecting Mumbai and Ahmedabad passing through Surat . This rake was an upgraded second generation version. an other second generation rake was inaugurated from Delhi to Una passing through Chandigarh . The Delhi Meerut Regional Rapid Transit System (RRTS), also known as RapidX ,
15004-422: Was on 24 May 2017 from Mumbai Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus to Karmali , Goa . It covered 552 km in 8 hours and 30 minutes. On 1 March 2019, second Tejas Express of the country was flagged off between Chennai Egmore and Madurai Junction by Prime Minister Narendra Modi . It covered 497 km in 6 hours and 30 minutes. Lucknow – New Delhi Tejas Express , which was inaugurated on 4 October 2019,
15128-625: Was opened in 1868 near the neighboring town of Nokia , where there were better hydropower resources. In 1871, Idestam, together with a friend Leo Mechelin , formed a shared company and called it Nokia Ab (in Swedish , Nokia Company being the English equivalent), after the site of the second pulp mill. Idestam retired in 1896, making Mechelin the company's chairman; he expanded into electricity generation by 1902, which Idestam had opposed. In 1904, Suomen Gummitehdas ( Finnish Rubber Works ),
15252-427: Was operating in 140 countries as of 1999. It was reported at the time that some people believed Nokia to be a Japanese company. Between 1996 and 2001, Nokia's turnover increased fivefold, from €6.5 billion to €31 billion. Meanwhile, a Reader's Digest survey held near end 2000 showed that Nokia was the "most trusted brand in Europe", ranking better than Sony, Canon, and Nivea. The company would then be known as
15376-399: Was replaced by Risto Siilasmaa. In September 2013, Nokia announced the sale of its mobile and devices division to Microsoft. The sale was positive for Nokia to avoid further negative financial figures, as well as for Microsoft's CEO Steve Ballmer , who wanted Microsoft to produce more hardware and turn it into a devices and services company. The Nokia chairperson, Risto Siilasmaa, described
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