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36-463: Set of artistic pieces or roles which a person or group is prepared to perform For other uses, see Repertory theater and Repertoire (disambiguation) . Repertory or repertoire ( / ˈ r ɛ p ər t w ɑːr / ) is the list or set of works a person or company is accustomed to performing. Whether the English or French spelling is used has no bearing, but it

72-425: A Pulitzer Prize (1982), a Tony Award (1986), and a Jujamcyn Award (1985). In Russia and much of Eastern Europe , repertory theatre is based on the idea that each company maintains a number of productions that are performed on a rotating basis. Each production's life span is determined by its success with the audience. However, many productions remain in repertory for years as this approach presents each piece

108-452: A British movement started in the early 1900s that focused on shorter runs of a single new work, rather than having several plays ready to perform at any given time. For weekly rep and for a typical three-act play, the actors' week would start on Tuesday, and go as follows: Today, repertory theatres employ a wide range of actors, who can play a variety of types. Before the modern repertory system, acting ensembles were normally made up of

144-457: A bass is typically classified as having a vocal range extending from around the second E below middle C to the E above middle C (i.e., E 2 –E 4 ). Its tessitura , or comfortable range, is normally defined by the outermost lines of the bass clef . Categories of bass voices vary according to national style and classification system. Italians favour subdividing basses into the basso cantante (singing bass), basso buffo (comical bass), or

180-501: A big comeback in cities such as Little Rock, AR , Washington, DC , Minneapolis , Indianapolis , Milwaukee , Cincinnati , Chicago , Los Angeles , Nashville , New York , Houston , Boston , San Francisco , San Diego , Buffalo , Kansas City , and Seattle . Festival theatre now provides actors with work in the summer. There are many ways to rehearse repertory theatre. The most prolific American repertory theatres are an example of that. Utah Shakespeare Festival rehearses two plays

216-529: A day split between an eight hour period. This is common. Some theatres only rehearse one play a day and add shows into rotation as the season progresses, like The American Shakespeare Center. They rehearse one play for a little over two weeks before it opens; then, they begin the next one. The length of rehearsal also varies. American Players Theatre has a six-week-long rehearsal period compared to Oregon Shakespeare Festival 's eleven-week-long one. America's oldest resident repertory theatre, Hedgerow Theatre ,

252-452: A few times in a given season, not enough to exhaust the potential audience pool. After the fall of the Soviet regime and the substantial diminution of government subsidy, the repertory practice has required re-examination. Moscow Art Theatre and Lev Dodin 's Maly Drama Theatre of St. Petersburg are the world's most notable practitioners of this approach. Rotation Repertory system is still

288-465: A solid coloratura technique, a capacity for patter singing and ripe tonal qualities if they are to be brought off to maximum effect. They are usually the blustering antagonist of the hero/heroine or the comic-relief fool in bel canto operas. English equivalent: dramatic bass Basso profondo (lyric low bass) is the lowest bass voice type. According to J. B. Steane in Voices, Singers & Critics ,

324-859: A wide variation in range and quality of bass singers. Parts for basses have included notes as low as the B-flat two octaves and a tone below middle C (B ♭ 1 ), for example in Gustav Mahler 's Symphony No. 2 and the Rachmaninov 's All-Night Vigil , A below that in Frederik Magle 's symphonic suite Cantabile , G below that (e.g. Measure 76 of Ne otverzhi mene by Pavel Chesnokov ) or F below those in Kheruvimskaya pesn (Song of Cherubim) by Krzysztof Penderecki . Many basso profondos have trouble reaching those notes, and

360-485: Is a higher, more lyrical voice. It is produced using a more Italianate vocal production, and possesses a faster vibrato, than its closest Germanic/Anglo-Saxon equivalent, the bass-baritone . Hoher Bass or "high bass" or often a dramatic bass-baritone . Jugendlicher Bass (juvenile bass) denotes the role of a young man sung by a bass, regardless of the age of the singer. Buffo , literally "funny", basses are lyrical roles that demand from their practitioners

396-679: Is also produced by the Summer Theatre season at Frinton-on-Sea . Organizations in Canada include North America's largest classical repertory theatre company, the Stratford Festival , founded in 1953 primarily to present productions of William Shakespeare 's plays. Canada also hosts North America's second largest repertory theatre company, the Shaw Festival , founded in 1962, which presents plays written by or set during

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432-574: Is located in Rose Valley, Pennsylvania . It was founded by actor Jasper Deeter in 1923. The present producing artistic director is actress and director Penelope Reed. Other notable repertory theatres include the Guthrie Theater , which was set up as a regional repertory theatre concept that is free from commercial constraints in the choice of repertoire. It is aligned in objectives to the repertory and resident theatre movement that emerged in

468-692: Is no longer possible, owing to restrictions from British Equity , which came to mandate just eight shows a week, including perhaps two matinées. The practice of repertory ("rep") is still seen in large cities. Actors now have the luxury of at least three weeks of rehearsal , however. Repertory can still be found in the UK in a variation of guises: in Sidmouth (12 plays), Wolverhampton (eight), and Burslem and Taunton (four each). The Sheringham Little Theatre produces an in-house repertory season each summer, running from June until September. Weekly repertory theatre

504-707: The 1930s to the 1960s, two impresarios dominated the field of British rep, mostly in the North. They were Harry Hanson and his Court players, and Frank H. Fortescue's Famous Players, with the Arthur Brough Players in Folkestone in the South. When an actor joined one of their companies, it could mean "twice-nightly" shows, and a new play to learn every week. Actress Rosemary Harris has told of her 50 consecutive weeks of doing that at Bedford rep. However, this

540-505: The United States in the 1960s. This sought to establish an alternative and decentralized theatre network outside of New York, one which would have non-profit-making status and would be focused on the art of the theatre as well as the development of artists, craftsmen, and administrators. Publicly funded theatres that belong to this type have been receiving erratic support since the 1980s. The Association of Producing Artists (APA)

576-464: The United States, the repertory system has also found a base to compete with commercial theatre. Many summer stock theatre companies are repertory in nature. College students and young professionals making up much of the acting company are supported by guest stars or actors who are further along in their careers. Repertory theatre with mostly changing casts and longer-running plays, perhaps better classed as "provincial" or "non-profit" theatre, has made

612-528: The aria "Fra l'ombre e gl'orrori" in Handel's serenata Aci, Galatea e Polifemo , Polifemo reaches an A 4 . Within the bass voice type category are seven generally recognized subcategories: basso cantante (singing bass), hoher bass (high bass), jugendlicher bass (juvenile bass), basso buffo ("funny" bass), Schwerer Spielbass (dramatic bass), lyric bass, and dramatic basso profondo (low bass). Basso cantante means "singing bass". Basso cantante

648-527: The basso profondo voice "derives from a method of tone-production that eliminates the more Italian quick vibrato. In its place is a kind of tonal solidity, a wall-like front, which may nevertheless prove susceptible to the other kind of vibrato, the slow beat or dreaded wobble." English equivalent: dramatic low bass. Dramatic basso profondo is a powerful basso profondo voice. All of the Gilbert and Sullivan Savoy operas , except Patience and The Yeomen of

684-509: The dramatic basso profondo (deep bass). The American system identifies the bass-baritone, comic bass, lyric bass, and dramatic bass. The German Fach system offers further distinctions: Spielbass (Bassbuffo), Schwerer Spielbass (Schwerer Bassbuffo), Charakterbass (Bassbariton), and Seriöser Bass. These classification systems can overlap. Rare is the performer who embodies a single Fach without also touching repertoire from another category. Cultural influence and individual variation create

720-503: The early 1950s. There are many noted Resident companies or repertory companies , such as the Artists Repertory Theatre . Murray, Stephen. Taking Our Amusements Seriously . LAP, 2010. ISBN   978-3-8383-7608-0 . Bass (voice type) A bass is a type of classical male singing voice and has the lowest vocal range of all voice types . According to The New Grove Dictionary of Opera ,

756-881: The first modern repertory theatre in Manchester after withdrawing her support from the Abbey Theatre in Dublin. Horniman's Gaiety Theatre opened its first season in September 1908. The opening of the Gaiety was followed by the Citizens' Theatre in Glasgow and the Liverpool Repertory Theatre . Previously, regional theatre relied on mostly London touring ensembles. During the time the theatre

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792-558: The first movement of his choral work Rejoice in the Lamb ) that center far higher than the bass tessitura as implied by the clef. The Harvard Dictionary of Music defines the range as being from the E below low C to middle C (i.e. E 2 –C 4 ). In SATB four-part mixed chorus, the bass is the lowest vocal range, below the tenor , alto , and soprano . Voices are subdivided into first bass and second bass with no distinction being made between bass and baritone voices, in contrast to

828-2363: The free dictionary. setlist – a list of works for a specific performance playlist – a list of works available to play signature song – a musical composition most associated with a performer References [ edit ] ^ Jones, Daniel (2003) [1917]. "repertoire". In Peter Roach; James Hartmann; Jane Setter (eds.). English Pronouncing Dictionary . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press . ISBN   3-12-539683-2 . ^ "repertoire" . Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary . Merriam-Webster. ^ "Repertory Archive" . American Ballet Theatre . 2010. v t e Singing Singing types A cappella Bathroom singing Extended technique Throat singing Overtone singing Oversinging Rapping Scat singing Sign singing Sing-along Karaoke Lip sync Vocal percussion Beatboxing Forms · Genres Choral Opera Lied Vocables Voice classification Voice type Bass Bass-baritone Baritone Baritenor Tenor Countertenor Contralto Mezzo-soprano Soprano Fach Non-classical music Concepts · Techniques Backup vocals Belting Coloratura Chest voice Crooning Death growl Falsetto Head voice Lead vocals Passaggio Quintus Rapping Scat singing Sprechgesang Tessitura Timbre Vocal pedagogy Vocal range Vocal register Vocal resonation Vocal weight Sound equipment (popular music) In-ear monitor Microphone Pitch correction Sound reinforcement system Monitor speaker Miscellaneous Vocal music Choir Vocal coach Authority control databases : National [REDACTED] Germany Czech Republic Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Repertoire&oldid=1246829283 " Categories : Theatre Singing Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description matches Wikidata Articles containing French-language text Repertory theater Annie Horniman founded

864-566: The lifetime of Bernard Shaw , or that follow Shaw's ideal of socially provocative theatre. However, Canadian repertory companies follow a model that differs somewhat from the years-long rotation repertory system found in Europe. In Canada, productions often stay on the repertory for one season, running in repertory with other productions in the same year. The actors are not employed full time long term, but instead work on contracts usually maximum 8 months long. The Vagabond Repertory Theatre Company

900-458: The lowest note in the standard bass repertoire is D 2 , sung by the character Osmin in Mozart's Die Entführung aus dem Serail , but few roles fall below F 2 . Although Osmin's note is the lowest 'demanded' in the operatic repertoire, lower notes are heard, both written and unwritten: for example, it is traditional for basses to interpolate a low C in the duet "Ich gehe doch rathe ich dir" in

936-608: The most commonly used business model of live theatre in Eastern and Central Europe, specifically in countries such as Austria, Serbia, Croatia, Slovenia, Slovakia and Czech Republic. In Germany, Schaubuhne and some other theatres run on a repertory system. A combination company was a touring theater company which performed only one play . Unlike repertory companies, which performed multiple plays in rotation, combination companies used more elaborate and specialised scenery in their productions. A similar term, "weekly rep," denotes

972-537: The origin of the repertoire tradition. One of the earliest examples of this system is the Moscow Art Theatre circa 1898. An even earlier example are the theatres of Germany. See the Deutsches Theater, a privately owned German theatre founded in 1883 to produce plays in rep. While variations appeared before, the modern repertory system did not become popular until the twentieth century. In

1008-548: The same opera; in Richard Strauss' Der Rosenkavalier , Baron Ochs has an optional C 2 ("Mein lieber Hippolyte"). The high extreme: a few bass roles in the standard repertoire call for a high F ♯ or G (F ♯ 4 and G 4 , the one above middle C), but few roles go over F 4 . In the operatic bass repertoire, the highest notes are a G ♯ 4 (The Barber in The Nose by Shostakovich) and, in

1044-597: The standard stock company and later the touring company. The stock company would usually consist of a leading man and lady, a character actor and actress, younger actors to play romantic roles, and the rest of the actors would be a variety of ages and body types. The acting ensemble was typically around twelve. This was most popular prior to the Restoration. Post Restoration and into the nineteenth century, stock companies remained, but they were joined and then replaced by traveling companies. These ensembles consisted of

1080-571: The stars and actors hired to play a very specific role as a single production toured around. Examples of rep performers who went on to become well-known are John Gielgud , Ralph Richardson , Laurence Olivier , Rosemary Harris , Christopher Plummer , Harold Pinter , Peter O'Toole , Jeremy Brett , Geraldine McEwan , Vanessa Redgrave , Judi Dench , Ian McKellen , Michael Gambon , Imelda Staunton and Patrick Stewart . Dirk Bogarde wrote about his start at Amersham rep in 1939, and Michael Caine has recounted his time spent at Horsham rep in

1116-510: The three-fold (tenor–baritone–bass) categorization of solo voices. The exception is in arrangements for male choir (TTBB) and barbershop quartets (TLBB), which sometimes label the lowest two parts baritone and bass. Bass has the lowest vocal range of all voice types , with the lowest tessitura . The low extreme for basses is generally C 2 (two Cs below middle C). Some extreme bass singers, referred to as basso profondos and oktavists , are able to reach much lower than this. Within opera ,

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1152-539: The use of them in works by Slavic composers has led to the colloquial term "Russian bass" for an exceptionally deep-ranged basso profondo who can easily sing these notes. Some traditional Russian religious music calls for A 2 (110 Hz ) drone singing, which is doubled by A 1 (55 Hz) in the rare occasion that a choir includes singers who can produce this very low human voice pitch. Many British composers such as Benjamin Britten have written parts for bass (such as

1188-488: Was being run by Annie Horniman, a wide variety of types of plays were produced. Horniman encouraged local writers who became known as the Manchester School of playwrights. They included Allan Monkhouse , Harold Brighouse —writer of Hobson's Choice —and Stanley Houghton , who wrote Hindle Wakes . Actors who performed at the Gaiety early in their careers included Sybil Thorndike and Basil Dean . From

1224-674: Was formed in March 2009 by artistic directors Nathaniel Fried and Ryan LaPlante, and currently resides and performs in Kingston, Ontario . It shuttered in 2019. The old English-style repertory theatres such as Ottawa 's CRT (Canadian Repertory Theatre) and Toronto 's Crest Theatre no longer exist—although they did have a version of summer theatre in smaller holiday districts, such as the "Straw Hat" players of Gravenhurst and Port Carling at Ontario 's vacation Muskoka Lakes area. State-subsidized theatres on continental Europe have been suggested as

1260-661: Was one of the most successful repertory theatres in the United States, touring for four years and holding residencies in several cities before finally joining the Phoenix Theatre in New York City, where it was known for staging plays with modest prices. Currently, the American Repertory Theatre is considered one of the most distinguished repertory theatres in the United States. Since its foundation in 1979, it has earned several awards including

1296-666: Was the French word, with an accent on the first e, répertoire , that first took hold, in 1847, derived from the late Latin word repertorium . The readiness or preparedness of persons or companies to perform certain works gives rise to an identifiable "standard repertory" in theatre , ballet , opera , choral music , chamber music , guitar recitals , piano recitals , organ recitals , orchestral music and indeed all other "performing arts" forms. See also [ edit ] [REDACTED] Look up repertoire in Wiktionary,

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