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59-677: In 2024, due to Tropical Storm Sara , a bridge in La Ceiba collapsed into the river. 15°47′58″N 87°46′35″W  /  15.7994°N 87.7764°W  / 15.7994; -87.7764 This article related to a river in Honduras is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Tropical Storm Sara Tropical Storm Sara was a slow-moving tropical cyclone that caused severe flooding in northern Central America in November 2024. The eighteenth named storm of

118-664: A fierce battle between Mayans and Spaniards took place. After the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire , Francisco de Montejo requested permission from Charles V to conquer the Yucatán Peninsula. In 1526, the Spanish crown granted Montejo the title of "Adelantado, governor, sheriff and captain general of Yucatan". His conquest of Chakán Putum and Can Pech were part of the Spanish conquest of Yucatán , which

177-503: A state of emergency for the nation. Six departments in Honduras were placed under red warning and four under yellow. Golosón and Juan Manuel Gálvez International Airports in Honduras were closed. American and United Airlines waived some fees related to flight rescheduling. Around 4,000 Hondurans moved to shelters as a result of Sara. The government of Belize's National Emergency Management Office activated its district committees. Philip S. W. Goldson International Airport

236-402: A magnificent drain system and the rainwater reached artificial reservoirs called chultunes. Edzná had numerous religious, administrative and residential buildings distributed over an area of approximately 25 square kilometers. Of particular importance on this site is the five-story building, which is built on a large platform that gives it great architectural majesty. The "House on the sea"

295-485: A mark of their strong impact during Catholic evangelization in fortified American lands such as the Villa de San Francisco de Campeche. The sobriety of its facades are imposed on the faith when the protection of its faithful was pondering. There is the place known as Acanmul and also relatively close, the archaeological sites of Edzná and Jaina. The city can also be taken as a starting point to visit other important sites of

354-402: A network of canals drained the valley and the water was taken to a lagoon, which was transformed into dam through retaining walls, while other canals were used to irrigate the fields. This led to an optimum degree of moisture in the soil for intensive cultivation while the canals provided abundant fishing, and were used as communication routes and in some cases served as a defense. The plazas had

413-463: A strong boost in the State of Campeche . Underpinning the tourist activity the emblematic places in the capital city are: The centro histórico of Campeche is a beautiful example of a fortified urban center in the viceregal baroque style. It contains many examples of Spanish Colonial architecture , and the fortifications system of Campeche is an important example of Spanish military architecture of

472-563: A trough of low pressure southwest of Campeche . Its remnants later emerged over the southwestern Gulf of Mexico , where they merged with a cold front moving over the Southeastern United States . On November 13, the governments of Honduras and Nicaragua issued hurricane watches and tropical storm warnings for the northeastern coast of Honduras from Punta Castilla to the Honduras–Nicaragua border and

531-445: A vibrant sense of life in those who visit them, each street is full of stories and legends. The walls around part of the city are a reminder of the viceroyalty of the 17th and 18th centuries. Religious and civil architecture are merged with civil and military architecture , as modest bastions of faith that protected the population during pirate offensives; Franciscan bulrush churches and baroque altarpieces with Solomon columns leave

590-474: Is an entire organization that allows nesting and refuge for a large number of bird and mammal species. In the coastal mangroves of the reserve, there are innumerable natural paths that make up attractive routes, in them the sport of fishing tarpon and the observation of birds and other animal species are carried out. The enormous natural wealth of the area, forms the ideal scenario for the development and enjoyment of various activities ecotourism . The city

649-412: Is based primarily on the services sector: commerce, tourism, communications, public administration, public services. There are also various maquiladoras textiles installed in the city, and small and medium-sized enterprises generally associated with the exploitation of primary products, forming the secondary sector. The primary sector persists through fishing activity. In recent years tourism has had

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708-683: Is one of the best in Mexico. Remembering the "Cruise Poet" Yucatecan , Campeche's deep admirer: "Two things have Campeche that cause admiration: His pickled branch   ... And his rich Cazón Bread." Among its dishes is the seafood cocktail, pickled fish, and Cazón bread. Other dishes include the Sierra Frita, the Pámpano in Verde, as well as appetizers from region such as panuchos and tamales coladas, among others. Pay TV The city of Campeche

767-471: Is one of the most interesting places in the region due mainly to its fame as a Mayan necropolis . A little more than a thousand human burials have been explored around the site, in which extraordinary pieces of clay have been found that were possibly deposited as mortuary offerings. At the time of their discovery, these pieces helped cultivate a new appreciation of the art Mayan Culture made in mud, since its quality far exceeded what had previously been found in

826-562: Is served with commercial airline flights at Campeche International Airport . Essentially composed of three pieces, the upper part has its origin in the huipil or mestizo hipil, it differs in that it is embroidered in black and with motifs inspired by the flowers of onion and pumpkin. The suit complements an overflow of Santa Maria; The skirt is of Spanish origin and reaches the ankles is made of calico or zaraza, fine printed taffeta or Spanish brocade. Campechanos like music in all its forms, from romantic serenades to cheerful dances. Gastronomy

885-576: The 1633 Sack of Campeche and the 1663 Sack of Campeche ) until the city constructed major fortifications. The fortifications were started in 1686 and completed in 1704. The Hernández de Córdoba expedition of 1517 was the first Spanish expedition to reach Campeche, and its members were among the first Europeans to set foot on the Yucatán Peninsula . The expedition left the island of Cuba on February 8 and reached Isla Mujeres and Cabo Catoche in early March. They continued westward around

944-468: The 2024 Atlantic hurricane season , Sara developed from a disturbance over the central Caribbean Sea associated with a tropical wave . It consolidated into a tropical depression early on November 14, and strengthened into Tropical Storm Sara later that same day. The next day, the storm grazed and slowly moved parallel to the northern coast of Honduras . Later, on the morning of November 17, Sara made landfall near Dangriga , Belize . Inland,

1003-703: The Gulf of Mexico made it the main port of the Yucatan Peninsula , standing out as a point of connection with the foreigner, which allowed the economic boom and population growth. From there, from early times, the cargoes of the so-called palo de Campeche , also known as "dye stick", a native product of the region that would lead to large estates, among which are counted, Uayamón , Xanabchakán and Mucuychacán, to mention three of them, and also of salt . The port of Campeche also gained fame for its Shipyards industry. The commercial monopoly of Spain , implemented by

1062-631: The House of Hiring of the Indies to their domains, which prohibited them from trading even among themselves and with other nations, led to illegal practices such as piracy . One of the measures to stop them was promulgated in 1616 by the Mayor of Yucatan Luis de Céspedes y Oviedo, which involved the creation of a license on the cutting and trade of the Campeche stick, as well Like new taxes. This first measure

1121-498: The indigenous Maya people lived in the surrounding barrios of San Francisco, Guadalupe, and San Román. These barrios still retain their original churches; the one in Guadalupe is almost 500 years old. The modern city of San Francisco de Campeche was founded in 1540 by Francisco de Montejo upon the site of Can Pech , the former capital city of a Maya chiefdom. The city of Campeche was terrorized by pirates and marauders (such as

1180-417: The municipal palace and the defense tower would be built soon after. The market was located around a smaller plaza. The Spanish residents lived and worked near the main square, in the current neighborhood of San Román, while the indigenous Maya people lived in the old pre-Hispanic settlements — currently the neighborhoods of San Francisco and Siete de Agosto. The Naboríos, indigenous Mexicans who arrived with

1239-500: The 17th and 18th centuries. These qualities have earned it the designation of Cultural Heritage of Humanity by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. Its aligned streets allow us to take a tour admiring the decoration of its houses, some of them with strong Moorish and Spanish reminiscences of the 18th century and some modifications of the 19th century. The color of its facades print

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1298-475: The Cabildo de Campeche in a contest for the election of shield de Armas . The first design was submitted by Juan Antonio Rexo and Peñuelas on September 24 of that year but was rejected on October 17 for not being subject to the rules of heraldry . Ramón Zazo and Ortega subsequently presented three projects; the first two were rejected but finally the third was approved in council on November 7, 1777. The shield

1357-546: The Spanish conquistadors, the city of Campeche was designed in a standard military fashion based on a grid plan , with a Plaza de Armas near its center. Around this main square were located the Campeche Cathedral , the Royal Audience and the houses of the highest-ranking officials. A pillory — a column that served as a symbol of Spanish power and justice — stood in the center of the plaza. The jail,

1416-500: The State of Campeche . The "Casa de los Itzáes", is a place where we find about twenty monumental buildings that tell us about the concentration of political, economic and religious power that occurred in pre-Columbian times. Due to the type of soil, the valley in which it is located, is flooded in the rainy season and retains high humidity almost all year. To remedy this problem, the Maya developed an advanced system of hydraulic works:

1475-490: The area. Part of the urban area of San Francisco de Campeche borders the Los Petenes Biosphere Reserve . Curious circular forms of vegetation have been called petenes where the origin of a source of fresh water, in the middle of an area of salt water, promotes the development of plants less resistant to salt, leading to islets where flora has taken hierarchy around the origin of fresh water. It

1534-452: The battlefield. When they were gone, he retired to the forest, cleaned his wounds and took care of them until healed and then headed to the City of Campeche perfectly disguised. In the city, he spoke with certain slaves to whom he promised freedom if they obeyed him. They accepted his promises and stealing a canoe at night, threw themselves into the sea with El Olonés. The coat of arms held by

1593-430: The cargo of his ship. He was chased by three Spanish frigates with cannons. The pirate dodged the attacks, threw the entire load into the sea so that the ship achieved greater speed and, with wind in favor, moved away quickly. Another pirate was El Olonés whose real name was Jean David Nau . He committed innumerable and famous attacks against the Spanish viceregency on the mainland. In a terrible storm, he lost his ship on

1652-481: The city had a population of 220,389. Aside from the municipal seat, the municipality has 564 localities. The largest localities are, (with 2010 populations in parentheses): Lerma (8,281), Chiná (5,194), classified as urban, and Los Laureles (2,251), Alfredo V. Bonfil (2,060), Pich (1,756), Tikinmul (1,663), Imí (1,227), Hampolol (1,123), Castamay (1,101), and San Francisco Kobén (1,045), classified as rural. The economy of San Francisco de Campeche

1711-462: The city of San Francisco de Campeche was granted in 1777 by the king of Spain Carlos III , being elevated from the title of villa to that of city . Before the current shield was adopted, there was a process to constitute a shield as an officer. The first project was presented in 1772 before the possible elevation to the title of city of the town of San Francisco de Campeche, when requested by

1770-460: The coast of Campeche. All the men were saved, but, arriving on land, the Spanish pursued them, killing most of them and wounding El Olonés. Needing to escape, he saved his life through a ploy: he took handfuls of sand, mixed it with the blood from his wounds and smeared his face and other parts of his body. Then, hiding with great skill among the dead, he remained motionless until the Spaniards left

1829-497: The conquest of Yucatan seemed to be over, Montejo and his wife traveled to San Francisco de Campeche to meet with his son and his nephew . The Maya had organized in secret, and a great rebellion broke out on the night of 8 November 1546 ( 5 Cimi 19 Xul , end of the Mesoamerican Long Count calendar ). Montejo’s son and nephew took up arms to end the rebellions the following year. Like most cities constructed by

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1888-538: The conquistadors, occupied the San Román neighborhood, while the slaves from Africa lived in the neighborhoods of Santa Ana and Santa Lucía. The city served as the base of operations for the conquest of the rest of Yucatán (1542–1546), beginning with the occupation of Ti'ho , an abandoned settlement of the Mayan Itza people , where the Spanish founded Mérida , the provincial capital, in 1542. The armed conquest

1947-636: The construction of a temple and convent dedicated to San Francisco . The Franciscans evangelized throughout the Yucatán Peninsula with no competition from other religious orders , such as the Jesuits or the Dominicans were competing for the territory from that point forward. In 1542, the king proclaimed the calls New Laws , which established the freedom of the Indians as subjects of the Crown. Slavery

2006-482: The department of Yoro . A traffic accident occurred in Santa Cruz de Yojoa , killing another person. Across the country, 427 houses were destroyed and 4,440 others were damaged. Over 2,000 rescues were made in the nation. In total, six people were killed as a result of drowning, and one person were declared missing. In Belize, Ambergris Caye saw flooding and beach erosion due to Sara. Downtown San Ignacio

2065-419: The different religious orders present fought to defend the rights of the indigenous people, preserve their freedom and limit the abuses of the conquerors. Thanks to this, in 1547, Felipe II of Spain issued a royal identity card in favor of the personal freedom of the natives, and to make sure that their interests were fulfilled, he created a City Hall Mayor for the province of Yucatán. Campeche's position in

2124-439: The morning of November 14, the system completed tropical cyclogenesis about 280 mi (450 km) east of Guanaja , Honduras , and was upgraded to Tropical Depression Nineteen. That afternoon, the depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Sara. On the evening of November 14, data from an Air Force Hurricane Hunter pass over Sara's the northern semicircle indicated that the storm had moved just inland or very near

2183-672: The nation saw 19.7 in (500 mm) of rain. Nine bridges were destroyed due to Sara, and many more were damaged. Saopin bridge in La Ceiba collapsed due to flooding in the Cangrejal River . A pedestrian bridge on the Bermejo River collapsed in San Pedro Sula . The Ulúa and Chamelecón Rivers swelled up, approaching populated areas. Three people were rescued in Gracias a Dios Department . A man drowned in

2242-588: The next day, and the National Hurricane Center (NHC) noted the high possibility of further organization due to favorable environmental conditions. Though its low-level circulation remained broad and elongated on the afternoon of November 13, the disturbance was deemed likely by the NHC to soon be bringing tropical storm or hurricane conditions to parts of Central America , and so was designated Potential Tropical Cyclone Nineteen. Early during

2301-469: The northeastern coast of Honduras, striking about 105 mi (165 km) west-northwest of Cabo Gracias a Dios . On November 15, Sara continued to slowly parallel the northern coast of Honduras, its center having reformed just offshore, between the Bay Islands and the mainland. Then, later that day, the storm became stationary, and remained so into the next morning. During the afternoon,

2360-545: The northeastern coast of Nicaragua from the Honduras–Nicaragua border to Puerto Cabezas , respectively. Guatemala 's Caribbean and Belize's entire coast was placed under a tropical storm warning on November 15. Additionally, the government of Mexico issued a tropical storm warning for the Quintana Roo coast from Puerto Costa Maya southward to Chetumal . President of Honduras Xiomara Castro declared

2419-482: The old colonial Spanish city walls and fortifications which protected the city from pirates and buccaneers . The state of preservation and quality of its architecture earned it the status of a World Heritage Site in 1999. Campeche is (along with Quebec City ) one of the only cities in North America with most of its historic old city walls intact. Originally, the Spaniards lived inside the walled city, while

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2478-576: The peninsula south, where he founded “Villa Real” in Bacalar , but this position soon had to be abandoned. Montejo’s son was defeated in battle at Chichén Itzá towards the end of 1534, after which the Spaniards abandoned the peninsula for five years. In the third stage (1540-1547), Montejo arrived in Ciudad Real de Chiapa ( San Cristóbal de las Casas ) in 1540, where he gave instructions to Francisco Gil to be in charge of Champotón . In 1546, when

2537-425: The peninsula. Bernal Díaz del Castillo was the only member of that expedition to write an account of these events. In his account , he wrote that on Sunday March 22, they sighted and debarked at a village on the coast. This village was Can Pech , the capital of the Maya city-state of the same name. This happened to be the day of veneration of Saint Lazarus of Bardiaboch , which is why Hernández de Córdoba baptized

2596-573: The pirates most famous that docked at Campeche are John Hawkins , Francis Drake , Laurens de Graaf , Cornelius Jol , Jacobo Jackson, Michel de Grandmont , Portuguese Bartholomew, William Parker, Jean David Nau , Edward Mansvelt , Henry Morgan , Lewis Scot , Roche Brasiliano and Jean Lafitte . On January 27, 1661, a fleet of filibusters appeared in the port of San Francisco de Campeche and, although it did not disembark, looted two well-loaded commercial frigates, which barely arrived and then quietly withdrew, without being chased, because that day there

2655-521: The place with that name. In need of water, the Spaniards landed and supplied themselves from a well. As the Mayans approached, the Spaniards indicated by means of signs that they came in peace; the Maya chief asked them if they came from where the sun rises, mentioning the word "castilán". The Spaniards, surprised to hear this word, responded affirmatively, and the chief invited them to his city, where copal

2714-557: The shore of the Bay of Campeche in the Gulf of Mexico . Both the seat of the municipality and the state's capital, the city had a population of 220,389 in the 2010 census, while the municipality had a population of 259,005. The city was founded in 1540 by Spanish conquistadores as San Francisco de Campeche atop the pre-existing Maya city of Can Pech . Little trace remains of the Pre-Columbian city. The city retains many of

2773-448: The storm underwent a burst of convection near the center, with bursting deep convection and lightning flashes. About four hours after landfall, Sara weakened to a tropical depression inland over Belize. The deteriorating system moved west-northwestward. Satellite imagery that evening showed a small area of convection persisting near and to the west of the estimated low-level center. Sara soon lost its closed circulation and degenerated into

2832-409: The storm weakened into a tropical depression, then degenerated into a remnant low while over Mexico 's Yucatán Peninsula . AON has placed preliminary damage estimates in the millions of dollars. On November 11, an area of low-pressure associated with a tropical wave formed south of Hispaniola over the central Caribbean Sea . The system moved generally westward toward Central America into

2891-607: The storm's arrival. Garbage along the streets of Chetumal was piled up due to flooding as the sewers overflowed. Campeche (city) San Francisco de Campeche ( pronounced [saɱ fɾanˈsisko ðe kamˈpetʃe] ; Yucatec Maya : Ahk'ìin Pech , pronounced [aχkʼiːn˥˧ pʰetʃ] ), 19th c., also known simply as Campeche , is a city in Campeche Municipality in the Mexican state of Campeche , on

2950-715: The system began to move westward away from the Bay Islands into the Gulf of Honduras . Despite having stayed offshore, Sara remained a weak tropical storm with winds of 45 mph (75 km/h) due to the interaction between its broader circulation and the mountainous terrain of northern Honduras, and was struggling to produce deep convection. Overnight, the system moved slowly west-northwestward at 5 mph (7 km/h). Sara made landfall in Belize at around 14:00 UTC on November 17, near Dangriga , with sustained winds of 40 mph (65 km/h). Just before landfall,

3009-508: Was approved by his majesty Carlos III of Spain with the certificate of: "the City Title is granted to the town of San Francisco de Campeche." Campeche has a tropical savanna climate , with most rain falling in the wet season from June to October. As of 2010, the municipality had a total population of 259,005. The municipal seat, and largest settlement, is the city of San Francisco de Campeche (often shortened to Campeche). As of 2010,

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3068-468: Was carried out in three stages. In the first stage (1527 to 1529), Montejo ventured along the eastern coast of the peninsula with the help of the captain Alonso Dávila , whom he had known since Cortes' expedition, but they were repelled by the Maya. In the second stage (1530-1535), Montejo ventured into the west, where he founded “Salamanca de Campeche” in 1531. Montejo sent Alonso Dávila to cross

3127-1269: Was closed. From Middle Caye, 650 people left for the mainland. Public transportation in San Pedro Town was suspended. In Mexico, the government rushed to repair buildings that lost their roofs due to strong winds earlier in the week. The nascent disturbance caused flooding in the Dominican Republic , resulting in the evacuation of 1,767 people, isolating 54 communities, destroying two homes and damaging 487 more. Two fishermen were left missing and were later found dead near Sabana de la Mar . Floods also affected southern Haiti , killing one person, leaving two missing and damaging 3,554 houses in Sud Department . Two people were killed in Nicaragua; one in San Francisco de Cuapa and another in Estelí . Over 1,800 houses and six schools were flooded, of which three were destroyed, affecting 5,000 people. Over 251 communities were isolated in Honduras. Some areas in

3186-565: Was followed by an ideological conquest which consisted of the indoctrination of the Maya people with European cultural ideology, particularly that of the Catholic religion. The first religious order that arrived in Campeche was that of the Franciscans , who arrived in Campeche in 1535. They were soon forced to leave due to a series of difficulties raised by both indigenous and Spanish people, but they returned in 1540. That year, they began

3245-644: Was insufficient and counterproductive, because far from bringing down piracy, he encouraged it. In 1629, the King of Spain Felipe IV created a navy coast guard to protect trade, but this measure also did not give the expected results, neither did the military garrison to protect the city implanted by Mayor Centeno Maldonado. The constant pressures from other European nations and the continuing uprisings in their Dutch positions made it impossible to adopt new measures against piracy, which remained in full swing. Among

3304-733: Was inundated. Communities along the Mopan and Macal Rivers were acutely affected by Sara. Dams began to overflow as well. Celebrations related to Garifuna Settlement Day were disrupted by Sara. Over 1,000 homes were flooded in Guatemala as a result of 25 rivers overflowing. Access to potable water was disrupted across the country as well. Flooding also caused agricultural damage in El Salvador . In Chetumal, Sara caused major flooding and damage. Strong winds tore roofs off of houses, some of which had been reinstalled by trucks prior to

3363-497: Was legally abolished, but would continue by other means. The parcel subject a certain number of peoples to a Spaniard, to whom they had to pay in kind (wax, cotton blankets) and labor. Those who were not entrusted were under the royal jurisdiction and received the name of "peoples of the Royal Crown." The indigenous tributaries of the encomiendas español , continued to suffer a treatment that was practically slavery. The friars of

3422-426: Was lit. By means of signs, the Maya chief indicated to the expeditionaries that they should leave the city before the fire went out. Meanwhile, Mayan warriors were arriving at the place. Based on their recent experience at Cabo Catoche, the Spanish decided to leave. They would later encounter rough seas which caused them to lose the water they had just collected. This in turn forced them to land at Chakán Putum , where

3481-513: Was no armed ship in the bay capable of hunting him. The head of this filibuster expedition was called Henry Morgan . A very feared pirate in the town of Campeche was Laurens de Graaf or Lorencillo , who was Dutch and had served the king of Spain fighting filibusters. But then he also dedicated himself to piracy. In 1685 he attacked and took the town of Campeche and twenty other towns in the area. He spent two months and captured so many prisoners and stole so many jewels and pieces of silver that filled

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