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149-559: WFAN-FM (101.9 FM ) is a commercial radio station licensed to New York, New York . Owned by Audacy, Inc. , the station simulcasts a sports radio format known as "Sports Radio 66 AM and 101.9 FM", or "The FAN", along with co-owned WFAN (660 AM). Its studios are in the Audacy facility in the Hudson Square neighborhood of Lower Manhattan . WFAN-FM has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 6,000 watts, transmitting from atop

298-408: A Spotify playlist (with occasional new songs added) until Merlin acquired the domain name. After a brief period of dead air, WRXP (whose call sign was changed to WEMP on July 21) switched to a stunt of adult contemporary music branded as "101.9 FM New", which served as a transition to the station's new format. The first song on "FM New" was " All Summer Long " by Kid Rock . "101.9 FM New" featured

447-606: A "Smooth R&B" Urban AC format. The Smooth AC format is now virtually extinct on commercial radio. Other former smooth-jazz stations have evolved to Rhythmic Oldies formats while maintaining their previous call letters, notably KOAS in Las Vegas , which saw its ratings in the 25-54 age demographics improve after moving to its "old school" format. KYOT-FM in Phoenix tried the same but has since switched to another format. By 2009, as smooth jazz continued its rapid decline on

596-399: A 500 kHz frequency separation even when closer frequency spacing is technically permitted. The ITU publishes Protection Ratio graphs, which give the minimum spacing between frequencies based on their relative strengths. Only broadcast stations with large enough geographic separations between their coverage areas can operate on the same or close frequencies. Frequency modulation or FM

745-529: A Smooth AC outlet, after a period of stunting with Christmas music . In 2013 the station evolved back into smooth jazz, although the word "jazz" was not included in the station's imaging. The format changed once again, albeit rather abruptly, at the start of 2020. WBRH in Baton Rouge played smooth jazz during the daytime hours over the week since the 90’s. They would play smooth jazz until 5PM when they would shift to more mainstream. In 2019, they started

894-552: A Wave affiliate but eventually moved to local programming), and the re-launch of WQCD (CD101.9), New York. Also Love94FM [WWWL, later WLVE] in Miami / Ft. Lauderdale , an early innovator with its "Sunday Morning Jazz" show went totally smooth jazz by 1990, not long after The Wave in Los Angeles had switched to the format. The format had been deemed "new-age" originally and radio stations like WNUA Chicago and KNUA Seattle emulated

1043-657: A brief period of dead air , WEMP then returned to an alternative rock format under the "New Rock 101.9" branding, with " No Sleep Till Brooklyn " by the Beastie Boys , as the first song played. (At the very same time, WIQI transitioned from all-news to adult hits .) In a press release, Merlin CEO Randy Michaels called dropping all-news from both WEMP and WIQI "a difficult decision to make" but one that had to be made in light of "minimal audience engagement". Most "FM News 101.9" staffers were released by Merlin, with

1192-470: A change to a rock format under the WRXP call letters and the tagline 101.9 RXP: The New York Rock Experience . The last songs played on "CD 101.9" were " Shining Star " by The Manhattans and an instrumental rendition of " Street Life " by U-Nam, while the first two songs played on "RXP" were "Rock and Roll" by Velvet Underground and "Supernatural Superserious" by R.E.M. With the exception of Paul Cavalconte,

1341-586: A decade. Other notable long-term airstaff members include Ray White, Pat Prescott, Russ Davis, Steve Harris, Ian Karr, Maria Von Dickersohn, Meryl Kubrick and John Vidaver. Rafe Gomez hosted "The Groove Boutique", a nationally syndicated groove jazz mix show that aired on Saturday nights beginning in 2003. "The Groove Boutique" was a finalist in the 2005 Best Mix Show category of the 8th annual New York Radio Market Achievements in Radio (A.I.R.) awards. On February 5, 2008, at 4:00 pm, Emmis Communications announced

1490-402: A fax program. The original subcarrier frequency used at KE2XCC was 27.5 kHz. The IF bandwidth was ±5 kHz, as the only goal at the time was to relay AM radio-quality audio. This transmission system used 75 μs audio pre-emphasis like the main monaural audio and subsequently the multiplexed stereo audio. In the late 1950s, several systems to add stereo to FM radio were considered by

1639-632: A format in 1977), Russ Davis in Atlanta and "Jazz Flavours", Al Winters and "The Quiet Storm", Ross Block, Dave Caprita and Stu Grant at Love 94FM with "Sunday Morning Jazz" in Miami and Art Good at KIFM San Diego with "Lights Out San Diego". In 1983, "adult alternative" became a well-defined radio format, with jazz, new-age music and adult contemporary music . In 1987, the switch by album-oriented rock KMET in Los Angeles to KTWV "The Wave" made

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1788-560: A former talk station which switched in 2012 to regional Mexican programming, also formerly devoted most of its weekend programming to smooth jazz, using programming provided by Dial Global and playing much of the library from the now-defunct Jones Radio Network Smooth Jazz format. In January 2007, Broadcast Architecture launched the satellite-delivered Smooth Jazz Network, featuring smooth jazz artists Dave Koz, Kenny G, Norman Brown, Brian Culbertson, Paul Hardcastle and Ramsey Lewis as on-air hosts. The network soon spread to 25 markets across

1937-500: A handful of affiliates at the time the format was discontinued; most of the remaining Jones stations (i.e. WJZL Lansing, Michigan and WQJZ Ocean City, Maryland) were switched over to Broadcast Architecture's network. The smooth-jazz format was always less common in Canada , where cultural differences, fewer large urban markets and fewer CanCon-friendly smooth jazz acts made the format less attractive to station owners. By August 2012,

2086-586: A handful retained by the company to serve as reporters for Merlin's WWIQ in Philadelphia. "New Rock 101.9" ("New Rock for New York") featured a playlist that included current and recent alternative rock songs and artists. The presentation included an irreverent attitude and the "backselling" (identification of artist and song title) at the end of many current songs. To coincide with the format change back to rock, Merlin Media made two noteworthy moves: It filed

2235-557: A jazz-based adult contemporary format during the day and retained all jazz at night. Later that month, on August 22, the station modified into a full-time smooth jazz radio format, with the new call letters WQCD and the new branding, "CD 101.9". While the genre had varying degrees of presence on most Top 40 and AC stations at the time, New York City had not had a full-time commercial jazz station since 1980, when WRVR (106.7 FM, now WLTW ) became country music station WKHK following an ownership change two years earlier. The re-launch of 101.9

2384-485: A live morning show that began at 6:00 a.m. on July 18, hosted by Paul Cavalconte (who had been with 101.9 since 1998), with Jeff McKay (a New York traffic reporter formerly of Shadow Traffic and WINS ) providing traffic reports and weather updates (until the next day, when meteorologist Scott Derek began). News reports and news blocks were gradually introduced beginning with a 3 p.m. newscast on July 25, 2011, anchored by Dave Packer and Mike Barker. On August 12, 2011,

2533-676: A minor comeback in some markets, via AM stations (see below), FM HD Radio side channel/analog translator combos, or so-called "Franken-FM"s (actually low-power analog television stations on Channel 6 which serve a double function as radio stations due to the audio portion of the broadcast being audible on 87.75 MHz, possible because the FCC has not yet required low-power TV stations to convert to digital transmission). One such Such "Franken-FM" has popped up in Chicago ( WLFM-LP , which has since changed format several times) and Anchorage, Alaska (with

2682-590: A mix of smooth jazz, smooth vocals, and chill music, hosted by Donald Isaac) into its primary format as of October 2011. In addition, some commercial stations which present the format on their HD side channels, such as KKCW in Portland, Oregon, and WDZH in Detroit, do so without or with limited commercial interruption. One of the longest-running non-commercial smooth jazz radio programs in the United States

2831-626: A more traditional jazz/blues flavor as KNIK-LP , using the call sign of a former smooth jazz station there which had flipped to adult contemporary). The format made a second comeback in Chicago in December 2014 via an FM HD side channel/analog translator combo . Similar FM HD side channel/analog translator combos also briefly allowed the format to return to the airwaves in markets such as Detroit , Orlando, Florida , and Honolulu, Hawaii ; all of these have since changed format. In January 2012, in

2980-453: A move would have mirrored CBS-owned sports talk pairings in markets such as Baltimore , where WJZ aired CBS Sports Radio full-time and WJZ-FM aired local sports talk. CBS (and later, Entercom) chose not to break the simulcast, with Cumulus Media 's suburban station WFAS (1230) serving as the de facto CBS Sports Radio flagship instead. On February 2, 2017, CBS Radio announced it would merge with Entercom (now Audacy, Inc. ). The merger

3129-532: A number of media markets, this format is no longer available over the air except online, via Music Choice (an option made available by some cable television providers such as Comcast ), and on HD Radio. Currently, the most prominent of the few remaining commercial (and independently programmed) smooth jazz stations are WSBZ "The Seabreeze" in Destin, Florida, and WEIB in Northampton, Massachusetts. Three of

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3278-557: A program feed for AM transmitters of AM/FM stations. SCA subcarriers are typically 67 kHz and 92 kHz. Initially the users of SCA services were private analog audio channels which could be used internally or leased, for example Muzak -type services. There were experiments with quadraphonic sound. If a station does not broadcast in stereo, everything from 23 kHz on up can be used for other services. The guard band around 19 kHz (±4 kHz) must still be maintained, so as not to trigger stereo decoders on receivers. If there

3427-553: A rare case, a former smooth jazz station actually returned to its former format after the replacement format had failed. WNWV /107.3 in Cleveland had dropped its long-running "Wave" smooth-jazz format in favor of adult alternative after Christmas of 2009, under the ownership of Elyria-Lorain Broadcasting. On January 4, 2012, new owners Rubber City Radio Group restored the "Wave" format to the analog radio dial in Cleveland as

3576-438: A request with the FCC on July 18 to revert the station's call sign from WEMP to WRXP. The call letters were officially changed on July 25. Merlin also obtained WRXP-related domain names from the station's previous owner, Emmis Communications, including MyRXP.com (which would redirect to the station's NewRock1019.com website). "New Rock 101.9" ran with limited on-air talent, including former WRXP host Brian Phillips on middays, with

3725-1025: A significant rating increase in Fall 1993. In 1994, smooth jazz experienced the largest increase in the relationship between audience share and advertising revenue ("power ratio"). Although the format was increasing in popularity, M Street Journal counted 43 stations in the format, down from 64 in 1989. But new stations such as KKJZ in Portland, Oregon and KLJZ in New Orleans experienced immediate success. New stations in 1995 included KCIY in Kansas City, Missouri ; KMJZ in Minneapolis ; WSJZ in Buffalo, New York ; and WJCD in Norfolk, Virginia . Smooth Jazz has gone on to be recognized as

3874-620: A smooth AC format as Wave 98.3. CIWV is the first jazz station in Vancouver after the 1985 demise of CJAZ, a traditional jazz formatted station, the first in Canada, in 1985. New material from the UK, Europe and Australia has largely failed to gain airplay in the US. Well–financed and often government-funded radio organisations in the UK, Europe and Australia, coupled with technical developments in

4023-405: A sophisticated, urban groove" to the format. She said, "Instead of bringing jazz to R&B, he's brought an R&B groove to contemporary jazz." The smooth jazz music mix included 70 percent instrumentals and 30 percent vocals. Programmers no longer regarded the music as merely "background". The format's most successful stations included WNUA, KKSF, KOAI, WNWV and KIFM, as well as WQCD, which had

4172-417: A stereo/mono switch to allow listening in mono when reception conditions are less than ideal, and most car radios are arranged to reduce the separation as the signal-to-noise ratio worsens, eventually going to mono while still indicating a stereo signal is received. As with monaural transmission, it is normal practice to apply pre-emphasis to the left and right channels before encoding and to apply de-emphasis at

4321-424: A successful radio format, first emerging in name in the mid- to late-1980s (often, they would be transitioned from existing " new-age " stations) and subsequently spreading into most radio markets within the United States as well as to other countries. The smooth jazz radio format continued to grow and thrive through the 1990s and early 2000s, though in the late 2000s most markets began losing smooth jazz stations. In

4470-681: A vocal song or two. The incubators of the format were specialty shows at night or on the weekends, in places such as Atlanta (WQXI-FM and WVEE-FM), Miami (WWWL-FM) and San Antonio (KTFM). The first jazz radio station to attempt to reach an audience beyond hardcore jazz fans full-time was New York's WRVR-FM, which was acquired by Sonderling Broadcasting in 1976. Under its new management, WRVR more than tripled its audience by emphasizing artists like George Benson and Pat Metheny that were crossing over to more popular formats. Other early pioneers included WLOQ in Orlando, Florida (which began programming such

4619-494: A void for soft music created by the mainstream adult contemporary format's overall move toward more uptempo adult Top-40 musical fare. One of the first high-profile stations to adopt the Smooth AC approach was pioneering smooth-jazz station KTWV in Los Angeles ("The Wave"), under new program director Jhani Kaye . KTWV's transition was successful in improving the station's 25-54 ratings. Other stations followed suit, including

WFAN-FM - Misplaced Pages Continue

4768-408: Is a form of modulation which conveys information by varying the frequency of a carrier wave ; the older amplitude modulation or AM varies the amplitude of the carrier, with its frequency remaining constant. With FM, frequency deviation from the assigned carrier frequency at any instant is directly proportional to the amplitude of the (audio) input signal, determining the instantaneous frequency of

4917-525: Is added. VHF radio waves usually do not travel far beyond the visual horizon , so reception distances for FM stations are typically limited to 30–40 miles (50–60 km). They can also be blocked by hills and to a lesser extent by buildings. Individuals with more-sensitive receivers or specialized antenna systems, or who are located in areas with more favorable topography, may be able to receive useful FM broadcast signals at considerably greater distances. The knife edge effect can permit reception where there

5066-410: Is also available for streaming via iHeartMedia 's iHeartRadio application. In response to the late 2000s trend toward Smooth AC, Broadcast Architecture also for a time marketed a Smooth AC Network (formerly named "Chillout Radio Network", despite the lack of so-called chill music in the network's playlist, and then renamed "Bright Radio Network" before the final name change to "Smooth AC") featuring

5215-401: Is as follows: The normal stereo signal can be considered as switching between left and right channels at 38 kHz, appropriately band-limited. The quadraphonic signal can be considered as cycling through LF, LR, RF, RR, at 76 kHz. Early efforts to transmit discrete four-channel quadraphonic music required the use of two FM stations; one transmitting the front audio channels, the other

5364-501: Is as of August 2011 aired on only a small handful of stations nationwide. Until September 30, 2008, Jones Radio Networks also distributed a smooth-jazz format via satellite. This network was discontinued following Jones Radio Networks' purchase by Triton Media Group, owners of the Dial Global stable of 24/7 formats, and Triton's decision to eliminate Smooth Jazz from its portfolio. Jones' Smooth Jazz network had dwindled to only

5513-422: Is authorized for "hybrid" mode operation, wherein both the conventional analog FM carrier and digital sideband subcarriers are transmitted. The output power of an FM broadcasting transmitter is one of the parameters that governs how far a transmission will cover. The other important parameters are the height of the transmitting antenna and the antenna gain . Transmitter powers should be carefully chosen so that

5662-466: Is claimed that no difference can be heard with most newer receivers. At present, the FCC rules do not allow this mode of stereo operation. In 1969, Louis Dorren invented the Quadraplex system of single station, discrete, compatible four-channel FM broadcasting. There are two additional subcarriers in the Quadraplex system, supplementing the single one used in standard stereo FM. The baseband layout

5811-508: Is defined by the time constant of a simple RC filter circuit. In most of the world a 50  μs time constant is used. In the Americas and South Korea , 75 μs is used. This applies to both mono and stereo transmissions. For stereo, pre-emphasis is applied to the left and right channels before multiplexing . The use of pre-emphasis becomes a problem because many forms of contemporary music contain more high-frequency energy than

5960-596: Is designed to be capable of use alongside ARI despite using identical subcarrier frequencies. In the United States and Canada , digital radio services are deployed within the FM band rather than using Eureka 147 or the Japanese standard ISDB . This in-band on-channel approach, as do all digital radio techniques, makes use of advanced compressed audio . The proprietary iBiquity system, branded as HD Radio ,

6109-429: Is limited to 30 Hz to 15 kHz to protect a 19 kHz pilot signal. The (L−R) signal, which is also limited to 15 kHz, is amplitude modulated onto a 38 kHz double-sideband suppressed-carrier (DSB-SC) signal, thus occupying 23 kHz to 53 kHz. A 19 kHz ± 2 Hz pilot tone , at exactly half the 38 kHz sub-carrier frequency and with a precise phase relationship to it, as defined by

WFAN-FM - Misplaced Pages Continue

6258-480: Is mainly the preserve of talk radio, news, sports, religious programming, ethnic (minority language) broadcasting and some types of minority interest music. This shift has transformed AM into the "alternative band" that FM once was. (Some AM stations have begun to simulcast on, or switch to, FM signals to attract younger listeners and aid reception problems in buildings, during thunderstorms, and near high-voltage wires. Some of these stations now emphasize their presence on

6407-671: Is no direct line of sight between broadcaster and receiver. The reception can vary considerably depending on the position. One example is the Učka mountain range, which makes constant reception of Italian signals from Veneto and Marche possible in a good portion of Rijeka , Croatia, despite the distance being over 200 km (125 miles). Other radio propagation effects such as tropospheric ducting and Sporadic E can occasionally allow distant stations to be intermittently received over very large distances (hundreds of miles), but cannot be relied on for commercial broadcast purposes. Good reception across

6556-496: Is only suitable for text. A few proprietary systems are used for private communications. A variant of RDS is the North American RBDS or "smart radio" system. In Germany the analog ARI system was used prior to RDS to alert motorists that traffic announcements were broadcast (without disturbing other listeners). Plans to use ARI for other European countries led to the development of RDS as a more powerful system. RDS

6705-467: Is open to anyone who does not carry a prohibition and can put up the appropriate licensing and royalty fees. In 2010 around 450 such licences were issued. Smooth jazz radio Smooth jazz is a radio format that includes songs by artists such as George Benson , Pat Metheny , Kenny G , Luther Vandross , Sade , Robin Thicke , Anita Baker , Basia , Dave Koz and Chuck Mangione . It began in

6854-508: Is related to the transmitter 's RF power, the antenna gain , and antenna height . Interference from other stations is also a factor in some places. In the U.S, the FCC publishes curves that aid in calculation of this maximum distance as a function of signal strength at the receiving location. Computer modelling is more commonly used for this around the world. Many FM stations, especially those located in severe multipath areas, use extra audio compression /processing to keep essential sound above

7003-630: Is stereo, there will typically be a guard band between the upper limit of the DSBSC stereo signal (53 kHz) and the lower limit of any other subcarrier. Digital data services are also available. A 57 kHz subcarrier ( phase locked to the third harmonic of the stereo pilot tone) is used to carry a low-bandwidth digital Radio Data System signal, providing extra features such as station name, alternative frequency (AF), traffic data for satellite navigation systems and radio text (RT). This narrowband signal runs at only 1,187.5 bits per second , thus

7152-402: Is the sum of twice the maximum deviation and twice the maximum modulating frequency. For a transmission that includes RDS this would be 2 × 75 kHz + 2 × 60 kHz  = 270 kHz . This is also known as the necessary bandwidth . Random noise has a triangular spectral distribution in an FM system, with the effect that noise occurs predominantly at the higher audio frequencies within

7301-691: Is usually a multiple of 100 kHz. In most of South Korea , the Americas , the Philippines , and the Caribbean , only odd multiples are used. Some other countries follow this plan because of the import of vehicles, principally from the United States, with radios that can only tune to these frequencies. In some parts of Europe , Greenland , and Africa , only even multiples are used. In the United Kingdom , both odd and even are used. In Italy , multiples of 50 kHz are used. In most countries

7450-515: The Christmas music played during WPIX television's annual Yule Log program on Christmas Eve and Christmas morning. Beginning with "The PIX Penthouse" in 1985, WPIX-FM started to play contemporary jazz after dark to boost its nighttime ratings, and beginning in September 1987, the station's evening programming was entirely dedicated to the genre. Then, on August 10, 1988, the station adopted

7599-651: The Daily News changed ownership in 1991, WQCD and WPIX were retained by the newspaper's former corporate parent, the Tribune Company . In 1997 Tribune sold WQCD to Emmis Communications . The combination of WQCD and Emmis's two existing New York stations, WQHT (97.1 FM) and WRKS-FM (98.7 FM), gave the Indianapolis -based company an FM triopoly in the New York market. In 1998, Emmis moved WQCD out of

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7748-600: The Empire State Building . WFAN-FM broadcasts using HD Radio technology. Its HD digital subchannels carry Audacy's national sports networks, Infinity Sports Network and BetQL . The station traces its origin to an experimental Apex band radio station, W2XWF on 42.18 MHz, which was authorized in 1940 and licensed to radio engineer William G. H. Finch. In May 1940, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) announced

7897-831: The FCC . Included were systems from 14 proponents including Crosby, Halstead, Electrical and Musical Industries, Ltd ( EMI ), Zenith, and General Electric. The individual systems were evaluated for their strengths and weaknesses during field tests in Uniontown, Pennsylvania , using KDKA-FM in Pittsburgh as the originating station. The Crosby system was rejected by the FCC because it was incompatible with existing subsidiary communications authorization (SCA) services which used various subcarrier frequencies including 41 and 67 kHz. Many revenue-starved FM stations used SCAs for "storecasting" and other non-broadcast purposes. The Halstead system

8046-547: The Light Programme , Third Programme and Home Service . These three networks used the sub-band 88.0–94.6 MHz. The sub-band 94.6–97.6 MHz was later used for BBC and local commercial services. However, only when commercial broadcasting was introduced to the UK in 1973 did the use of FM pick up in Britain. With the gradual clearance of other users (notably Public Services such as police, fire and ambulance) and

8195-440: The baseband . This can be offset, to a limited extent, by boosting the high frequencies before transmission and reducing them by a corresponding amount in the receiver. Reducing the high audio frequencies in the receiver also reduces the high-frequency noise. These processes of boosting and then reducing certain frequencies are known as pre-emphasis and de-emphasis , respectively. The amount of pre-emphasis and de-emphasis used

8344-403: The 1980s as "adult alternative" or NAC (New Age Contemporary or New Adult Contemporary), a well-defined radio format, with jazz , new-age music and adult contemporary music . In the 1990s, the format became much more jazz-oriented, with very little new-age, and emphasizing young artists. Around 2007, the format became less popular; it was abandoned by several high-profile radio stations across

8493-629: The 5s". Coinciding with the on-air changes was a major promotional push, including television ads. Promotions tweaked WINS' longtime "22 minutes" slogan, with WEMP proclaiming "Give us 10 minutes, we'll give you the world." (After WINS owner CBS Radio sent a cease-and-desist letter to Merlin Media, WEMP dropped the slogan, and replaced it by "non-stop news".) Then, Merlin Media fought back against WINS by demanding that station not to call itself as "New York's One and Only All-News Station" (to highlighting its round-the-clock newswheel as opposed to WCBS carrying some live sports broadcasts). Merlin Media said this

8642-607: The 85th floor of the Empire State Building in New York City . These FM multiplex transmissions started in November 1934 and consisted of the main channel audio program and three subcarriers : a fax program, a synchronizing signal for the fax program and a telegraph order channel. These original FM multiplex subcarriers were amplitude modulated. Two musical programs, consisting of both the Red and Blue Network program feeds of

8791-471: The Capital City.” On March 4, 2024, during their 2024 spring pledge-drive, the station became full-time mainstream jazz after many complaints saying they were not that crazy about the smooth jazz. The decline in popularity of the smooth jazz format has been blamed on a variety of factors, including lack of exposing compelling new music, over-reliance on instrumental cover versions of pop songs similar to

8940-708: The Christmas season. In August 2012, French-language station CKLX-FM in Montreal dropped its Planète Jazz branding and relaunched as talk radio CHOI Radio X (modeled after Quebec City sister station CHOI-FM ); for licensing reasons, the station continued to carry jazz as a part-time format in off-peak dayparts until 2014, when the CRTC relieved the station of its obligation to carry jazz music. In 2021, CHKX owner Durham Radio reached an agreement to acquire CIRH-FM in Vancouver, which it then re-launched in 2022 with

9089-548: The Daily News Building, and along with WQHT and WRKS into a newly constructed common facility at 395 Hudson Street . WQCD ran an experiment from November 22, 2004, until August 2005, when the station's playlist included chill music , a relaxing sound based on the music found on the beaches of Ibiza . The ratings were not satisfactory, and the experiment ended. The station retained the tagline, "CD101.9, Your Chill-Out Station" during its successful transition back to

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9238-610: The FCC announced the reassignment of the FM band to 90 channels from 88–106 MHz (which was soon expanded to 100 channels from 88–108 MHz). This shift, which the AM-broadcaster RCA had pushed for, made all the Armstrong-era FM receivers useless and delayed the expansion of FM. In 1961 WEFM (in the Chicago area) and WGFM (in Schenectady, New York ) were reported as the first stereo stations. By

9387-496: The FCC that the system was compatible with existing two-channel stereo transmission and reception and that it did not interfere with adjacent stations. There were several variations on this system submitted by GE, Zenith, RCA, and Denon for testing and consideration during the National Quadraphonic Radio Committee field trials for the FCC. The original Dorren Quadraplex System outperformed all

9536-520: The FM band.) The medium wave band (known as the AM band because most stations using it employ amplitude modulation) was overcrowded in western Europe, leading to interference problems and, as a result, many MW frequencies are suitable only for speech broadcasting. Belgium , the Netherlands , Denmark and particularly Germany were among the first countries to adopt FM on a widespread scale. Among

9685-979: The FM radio band from 87.5-108.0 MHz to 76.1-108.0 MHz to enable the migration of AM radio stations in Brazilian capitals and large cities. FM broadcasting began in the late 1930s, when it was initiated by a handful of early pioneer experimental stations, including W1XOJ/W43B/WGTR (shut down in 1953) and W1XTG/ WSRS , both transmitting from Paxton, Massachusetts (now listed as Worcester, Massachusetts ); W1XSL/W1XPW/W65H/WDRC-FM/WFMQ/WHCN , Meriden, Connecticut; and W2XMN , KE2XCC , and WFMN , Alpine, New Jersey (owned by Edwin Armstrong himself, closed down upon Armstrong's death in 1954). Also of note were General Electric stations W2XDA Schenectady and W2XOY New Scotland, New York—two experimental FM transmitters on 48.5 MHz—which signed on in 1939. The two began regular programming, as W2XOY, on November 20, 1940. Over

9834-399: The FM transmitter. The terms composite , multiplex and even MPX are used interchangeably to describe this signal. The instantaneous deviation of the transmitter carrier frequency due to the stereo audio and pilot tone (at 10% modulation) is where A and B are the pre-emphasized left and right audio signals and f p {\displaystyle f_{p}} =19 kHz is

9983-801: The Internet-only Fishbowl Radio Network and ran for three years, until November 2014. In January 2015, the program began streaming on the Minneapolis-based SsassyRadio.com , and expanded to the Boston-based internet station WJMX SmoothJazzBoston.com in September 2016 (SsassyRadio canceled the program in January 2017 after two years). In November 2017, the program began broadcasting on a third Vermont station, WBTV-LP in Burlington. It

10132-590: The NBC Radio Network, were simultaneously transmitted using the same system of subcarrier modulation as part of a studio-to-transmitter link system. In April 1935, the AM subcarriers were replaced by FM subcarriers, with much improved results. The first FM subcarrier transmissions emanating from Major Armstrong's experimental station KE2XCC at Alpine, New Jersey occurred in 1948. These transmissions consisted of two-channel audio programs, binaural audio programs and

10281-611: The North West and in June 2005 in London, the station changed its name to Smooth FM, and dropped smooth jazz from its playlists altogether. At the same time, GMG launched jazzfm.com in some parts of the UK which after closing in some areas. However, as part of its relaunch, smooth jazz and funk has also been played alongside more mainstream and traditional jazz output as played by former UK jazz station theJazz . On October 6, 2008 jazzfm.com

10430-900: The US, with among its more notable affiliates including WJCD in Norfolk, Virginia; WJZL in Lansing, Michigan; WQJZ in Ocean Pines, Maryland; KJZS in Reno, Nevada; WKYL in Lexington, Kentucky; KORL-FM in Honolulu, Hawaii; WAEG in Augusta, Georgia; and WAUN-FM in Green Bay, Wisconsin. WLFM-LP in Chicago also began as a 100% satellite-fed Broadcast Architecture affiliate, but soon went to mainly local programming during weekdays with

10579-408: The United States, including WQCD (now WFAN-FM ) in New York, WNUA Chicago (now WCHI-FM ), WJJZ in Philadelphia (now WUMR ), and KKSF (now KOSF ) in San Francisco. Programmers say the audience for the format has aged beyond the prime demographic sought by advertisers. Despite the format's demise outside a handful of commercial radio outlets, a number of non-commercial and HD stations have taken up

10728-632: The WPIX-FM period included Mark Simone, Alan Colmes , Meg Griffin , Ted David and Jerry Carroll (a.k.a. "Dr. Jerry"). Another WPIX-FM personality, Ken Harper, host of the all-night "Manhattan After Hours", from 1964 to 1968, went on to produce " The Wiz " on Broadway . The station gave up quickly on both the Disco and the Rock and Roll/New Wave formats, only to see both genres of music become popular several years later. From 1966 to 1988, WPIX-FM simulcast

10877-490: The air were traffic reports, which were reportedly demanded by a manager at WEMP, despite the traffic reports being recorded by their Chicago sister station. The expanded traffic reports became one of the few successes of the radio station, and several months later, Chicago's "FM News 101.1" would also return to the live traffic reports. WEMP and its all-news format struggled to make gains in Arbitron ratings. For example, in

11026-475: The all-news format was ending immediately. "This is the final story being covered by FM News. It is to announce that a format change is about to occur at 101.9. In just a few moments, FM News will become New Rock 101.9. The final line of our final story is this: A special note of thanks to everyone involved with FM News for their passion and support. Sometimes just saying thank you isn't enough, but in this case, it'll have to do. Thank you... and good-bye." After

11175-518: The background noise for listeners, often at the expense of overall perceived sound quality. In such instances, however, this technique is often surprisingly effective in increasing the station's useful range. The first radio station to broadcast in FM in Brazil was Rádio Imprensa, which began broadcasting in Rio de Janeiro in 1955, on the 102.1 MHz frequency, founded by businesswoman Anna Khoury. Due to

11324-562: The call letters to WBFM. The station aired a soft instrumental beautiful music radio format . The station was purchased by the New York Daily News in late 1963. WBFM adopted the WPIX-FM call letters on October 11, 1964, as the station was now co-owned with television station WPIX (channel 11). Broadcasting from the "Pix Penthouse" on the 28th floor of the Daily News Building , WPIX-FM ushered in what

11473-433: The calling the programming instead of “Smooth Jazz” as “Jazz & More,” so they can get more listeners because more people were listening to the more traditional jazz and the station’s weekend programming such as “Rhythm & Blues Saturday” and “Classic Jazz Sunday.” On January 17, 2022, they moved the evening mainstream jazz start time to 3PM, then they branded both the smooth & mainstream jazz programming as “Jazz From

11622-501: The claims that the smooth jazz radio genre was in decline by stating that although the audience has aged and not enough young people were embracing the format, making it harder to gain advertising revenue, the genre is still seeing the support in record sales and audiences at shows. He also suggested that the format may move from a genre covered by big FM stations to one covered by smaller stations, in particular Internet radio stations, which were showing an increase in popularity. Some of

11771-1015: The commercial radio airwaves, a growing number of non-commercial stations (including some LPFMs ) have taken up the music and added it to their programming. Among non-commercial stations playing primarily smooth jazz as of June 2016 include: KJZT-LP in Tulsa, Oklahoma; KRWV-LP in Gold Canyon, Arizona; KWBR-LP in St. George, Utah; WNOZ-LP in New Orleans; WAJH in Birmingham, Alabama; WCRX-LP in Columbus, Ohio; WFSK in Nashville, Tennessee; and WBWH-LP in Bluffton, Ohio , which has extended its Sunday-night show "The Chillout Sessions" (featuring

11920-431: The country is one of the main advantages over DAB/+ radio . This is still less than the range of AM radio waves, which because of their lower frequencies can travel as ground waves or reflect off the ionosphere , so AM radio stations can be received at hundreds (sometimes thousands) of miles. This is a property of the carrier wave's typical frequency (and power), not its mode of modulation. The range of FM transmission

12069-619: The digital radio field, have led to the launch of a number of smooth jazz radio stations in these markets and their playlists are substantially more diverse than in the US. In the UK however, the only radio station that regularly played smooth jazz was 102.2 Jazz FM in London and 100.4 Jazz FM in the North West. Upon takeover by the Guardian Media Group in 2003, the station started to create playlists predominantly consisting of easy listening soul and pop. Finally, in March 2004 in

12218-564: The early-evening program pioneered in 1976 by WHUR-FM in Washington, D.C. and duplicated with great success as a 24-hour format from 1979 to 2012 by KBLX-FM in San Francisco. WGDR's "Quiet Storm" was one of the station's most popular music programs, based on a 2010 listener survey, and was the only program of its kind on the air in northern New England. In September 2011, a syndicated version of Sanders' program began broadcasting on

12367-421: The entire WQCD air staff was released including Dennis Quinn, who had survived every other format change at 101.9 since joining the station in 1971. Only program director Blake Lawrence was retained from the previous format for WRXP. Emmis cited a declining audience for smooth jazz, which moved to the station's HD2 subchannel. (An online version of CD101.9 would eventually be launched in late summer 2015.) WRXP

12516-480: The establishment, effective January 1, 1941, of an FM radio band operating on 40 channels spanning 42–50 MHz. On October 31, 1940, the first fifteen construction permits for commercial FM stations were issued, including one to W. G. H. Finch for a station in New York City at 45.5 MHz, which was issued the call sign W55NY. Effective November 1, 1943, the FCC modified its policy for FM call letters, and

12665-567: The extension of the FM band to 108.0 MHz between 1980 and 1995, FM expanded rapidly throughout the British Isles and effectively took over from LW and MW as the delivery platform of choice for fixed and portable domestic and vehicle-based receivers. In addition, Ofcom (previously the Radio Authority) in the UK issues on demand Restricted Service Licences on FM and also on AM (MW) for short-term local-coverage broadcasting which

12814-698: The format became completely extinct as a full-time offering on the Canadian airwaves; in 2011, Canada's two remaining high-profile Anglophone smooth jazz stations both flipped to different formats, with CIWV-FM in Hamilton flipping to country music in August 2011 as CHKX-FM (albeit continuing its previous Wave format as an internet radio station, Wave.fm), CJGV-FM in Winnipeg dropping its "Groove" format on December 1, 2011 and flipping to adult contemporary after

12963-859: The format in an effort to serve a niche market without devoting an entire station to it. Some examples include WRRM Warm 98 in Cincinnati, WZUN-FM in Syracuse, New York, KVIL in Dallas, Texas, WMXC in Mobile, Alabama, and WSOL in Jacksonville, Florida. An oddity in this category is WLAV in Grand Rapids, Michigan, a classic rock station which features a "cool jazz" brunch show on Sunday mornings. WZTK in Burlington, North Carolina ,

13112-417: The format kept its heritage acts as well. However, smooth jazz did add artists from adult contemporary music to increase its popularity with a larger audience; artists included Mariah Carey , Bonnie Raitt , Sting , Bruce Springsteen , Paul Simon , Michael Bolton , Tina Turner , and Janet Jackson . The smooth jazz format also added R&B ; according to Cary Goldberg of JVC, Paul Hardcastle "brought

13261-611: The format more popular. After programmer Frank Cody began "The Wave" in Los Angeles and the simultaneous KIFM (San Diego) and the eclectic KKSF (San Francisco), the number of stations banking on "The Wave's" softer sound grew quickly. Those included " Breezin' 100.7 " in Milwaukee and KHIH in Denver programmed by consultant Gary Guthrie, WNUA (Chicago) consulted by Cody, WVAE (a short-lived Wave network affiliate from 1987–89) and WJZZ in Detroit, WNWV in Cleveland (which began as

13410-532: The former WRKS). It also improved daytime coverage for WFAN; for years, radio frequency interference had rendered it all but unlistenable in parts of Manhattan. Speculation at the time suggested that the move would also allow CBS to split the WFAN simulcast at a later date and ensure a full-power New York home for its new national sports network, CBS Sports Radio , which began daily programming in January 2013 (and would ultimately air on WFAN-FM's HD2 subchannel). Such

13559-627: The former terrestrial smooth jazz stations, including the former KHJZ in Houston, the former WVMV in Detroit, and the former WLVE in Miami continue to offer smooth jazz programming as Internet streams or as offerings on their HD subchannels. Some stations which are still providing smooth jazz and are still popular in their respective markets, including Jazz FM in the United Kingdom used to integrate traditional and popular jazz and jazz standards alongside smooth jazz tracks in their playlists and

13708-481: The formula below, is also generated. The pilot is transmitted at 8–10% of overall modulation level and used by the receiver to identify a stereo transmission and to regenerate the 38 kHz sub-carrier with the correct phase. The composite stereo multiplex signal contains the Main Channel (L+R), the pilot tone, and the (L−R) difference signal. This composite signal, along with any other sub-carriers, modulates

13857-482: The frequency of the pilot tone. Slight variations in the peak deviation may occur in the presence of other subcarriers or because of local regulations. Another way to look at the resulting signal is that it alternates between left and right at 38 kHz, with the phase determined by the 19 kHz pilot signal. Most stereo encoders use this switching technique to generate the 38 kHz subcarrier, but practical encoder designs need to incorporate circuitry to deal with

14006-513: The high import costs of FM radio receivers, transmissions were carried out in circuit closed to businesses and stores, which played ambient music offered by radio. Until 1976, Rádio Imprensa was the only station operating in FM in Brazil. From the second half of the 1970s onwards, FM radio stations began to become popular in Brazil, causing AM radio to gradually lose popularity. In 2021, the Brazilian Ministry of Communications expanded

14155-889: The internet only radio station Best Smooth Jazz hosted by Rod Lucas. One track several smooth jazz stations tried, in order to attract more younger listeners (particularly in the important 25-54 age demographic) without completely alienating jazz fans, was to evolve the format into a hybrid known as Smooth Adult Contemporary . Smooth AC stations played more of the vocalists popular on smooth jazz stations, such as Luther Vandross , Sade , Robin Thicke , Anita Baker , and Basia , while incorporating more mainstream and urban AC material from artists such as Celine Dion , Mary J. Blige , and Maroon 5 and limiting instrumentals to two or three cuts an hour (and usually restricting airplay of instrumentals to artists such as Kenny G , Dave Koz and Chuck Mangione who had crossover pop success). In markets where they existed, Smooth AC stations were meant to fill

14304-524: The late 1960s, FM had been adopted for broadcast of stereo "A.O.R.—' Album Oriented Rock ' Format", but it was not until 1978 that listenership to FM stations exceeded that of AM stations in North America. In most of the 70s FM was seen as highbrow radio associated with educational programming and classical music, which changed during the 1980s and 1990s when Top 40 music stations and later even country music stations largely abandoned AM for FM. Today AM

14453-501: The late 1970s, Dolby FM was similar to Dolby B but used a modified 25 μs pre-emphasis time constant and a frequency selective companding arrangement to reduce noise. The pre-emphasis change compensates for the excess treble response that otherwise would make listening difficult for those without Dolby decoders. A similar system named High Com FM was tested in Germany between July 1979 and December 1981 by IRT . It

14602-591: The late WLFM-LP in Chicago; WXJZ in Gainesville, Florida; KIFM in San Diego; and WNWV in Cleveland, which relaunched under its former "107-3 The Wave" identity as a Smooth AC on January 4, 2012. However, the Smooth AC format for the most part did not succeed: WLFM, WXJZ and KIFM have switched to other formats, WNWV has evolved back into smooth jazz, and KTWV has continued to progressively downplay (while not entirely eliminating) instrumental music in its shift to

14751-465: The left (L) and right (R) channels are algebraically encoded into sum (L+R) and difference (L−R) signals. A mono receiver will use just the L+R signal so the listener will hear both channels through the single loudspeaker. A stereo receiver will add the difference signal to the sum signal to recover the left channel, and subtract the difference signal from the sum to recover the right channel. The (L+R) signal

14900-441: The markets featuring full-time AM smooth jazz outlets are Seattle, Washington ( KZIZ 1560 AM) and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ( WDAS 1480 AM, simulcasting WUMR 106.1 FM HD2). In Detroit, Michigan , WMUZ 1200 AM (with a translator on 99.9 FM) also programs smooth jazz during the evening and overnight hours. It is not uncommon for adult contemporary music or urban AC stations to devote some of their weekend programming to

15049-480: The maximum permitted carrier deviation is invariably ±75 kHz, although a little higher is permitted in the United States when SCA systems are used. For a monophonic broadcast, again the most common permitted maximum deviation is ±75 kHz. However, some countries specify a lower value for monophonic broadcasts, such as ±50 kHz. The bandwidth of an FM transmission is given by the Carson bandwidth rule which

15198-427: The maximum permitted frequency error of the unmodulated carrier is specified, which typically should be within 2 kHz of the assigned frequency. There are other unusual and obsolete FM broadcasting standards in some countries, with non-standard spacings of 1, 10, 30, 74, 500, and 300 kHz. To minimise inter-channel interference, stations operating from the same or nearby transmitter sites tend to keep to at least

15347-660: The mostly-defunct Beautiful Music format, and Arbitron's PPM reports showing lower ratings returns for smooth jazz stations than the traditional diary system had. Lack of revenue and the genre not being viable during the Great Recession have also been cited as reasons. Many purists of the format also feel that the smooth jazz interpretation has strayed too far from its roots in contemporary jazz and new-age music by over-relying on soft urban vocals, with R&B artists such as Beyoncé Knowles and Aretha Franklin now staples of many smooth-jazz playlists. Others indicate that

15496-617: The music. It is still available on SiriusXM on Channel 66, known as "Watercolors" and on the Music Choice cable radio service. In addition, smooth jazz concerts, recording sales, as well as increased smooth jazz offerings on the Internet, continue to show strong fan support for the genre. Smooth jazz as a radio format has its roots in the construction of what were once called " beautiful music " stations, which generally played fifteen-minute sets consisting of instrumentals bookending

15645-474: The musical styles which prevailed at the birth of FM broadcasting. Pre-emphasizing these high-frequency sounds would cause excessive deviation of the FM carrier . Modulation control (limiter) devices are used to prevent this. Systems more modern than FM broadcasting tend to use either programme-dependent variable pre-emphasis; e.g., dbx in the BTSC TV sound system, or none at all. Pre-emphasis and de-emphasis

15794-503: The next day, November 2. CBS operated WFAN-FM under a local marketing agreement (LMA) until closing its purchase on December 10, 2012. The LMA officially relieved Merlin Media of its only New York radio property and allowed it to concentrate on its stations in the Chicago and Philadelphia markets. The purchase of 101.9 by CBS put WFAN back on equal footing with ESPN Radio affiliate WEPN , which made its own AM-to-FM move in April 2012 (to

15943-540: The next few years this station operated under the call signs W57A, W87A and WGFM, and moved to 99.5 MHz when the FM band was relocated to the 88–108 MHz portion of the radio spectrum. General Electric sold the station in the 1980s. Today this station is WRVE . Other pioneers included W2XQR/W59NY/WQXQ/WQXR-FM , New York; W47NV/WSM-FM Nashville, Tennessee (signed off in 1951); W1XER/W39B/WMNE , with studios in Boston and later Portland, Maine, but whose transmitter

16092-566: The only personality retained from the WQCD smooth jazz format. In March 2009, WRXP announced that Nik Carter, formerly of WXRK, and later with VH1 , joined as the station as its afternoon drive personality. On June 16, 2008, Leslie Fram , formerly of WNNX in Atlanta , was appointed Program Director. She also co-hosted the WRXP morning drive (and later midday) show with Pinfield. On November 9, 2008, Anything Anything with Rich Russo debuted on

16241-500: The originators of the smooth jazz format - WQCD in New York City , WNUA in Chicago, and KKSF in San Francisco - have all changed format in the last decade. The format has also disappeared from the commercial radio dial in most other major and medium markets in the United States, and has completely vanished in Canada, where the format was less common at its peak due to relative lack of content to fulfill Canadian content regulations. However, smooth jazz or some variant thereof has made

16390-570: The others and was chosen as the national standard for Quadraphonic FM broadcasting in the United States. The first commercial FM station to broadcast quadraphonic program content was WIQB (now called WWWW-FM ) in Ann Arbor / Saline, Michigan under the guidance of Chief Engineer Brian Jeffrey Brown. Various attempts to add analog noise reduction to FM broadcasting were carried out in the 1970s and 1980s: A commercially unsuccessful noise reduction system used with FM radio in some countries during

16539-649: The period ending January 4, 2012, Arbitron rated WEMP at a 0.5, far behind both of the CBS Radio-owned all-news stations in New York, category leader WINS at 3.2 and WCBS at 2.8 in that month. (WEMP's share was lower than one of the last ratings books for WRXP, a 2.6 share in July 2011.) In July 2012, there was speculation that Merlin Media would convert WEMP to a news/talk hybrid, similar to its sister stations in Philadelphia , WWIQ , and Chicago, WIQI, which

16688-405: The phrase in their call letters. For a short time in 1987–1988, Chicago actually had two such stations, as the "Wave" network was also heard on WTWV-FM, licensed to suburban Des Plaines (now WPPN ). In the late 1980s, research firm Cody/Leach conducted a study for WNUA–Chicago; it was through the verbatim responses from listeners that the name "Smooth Jazz" was identified. WNUA then adopted

16837-459: The possibility that other former 'RXP staffers would be invited to rejoin the station. WRXP made some gains in the Arbitron ratings with its revived alternative format. The station jumped to a 1.6 share in July, and then to a 2.1 share in August. But Merlin Media was faced with a high debt load from recent purchases and the cost of its failed news format. Additionally, one of Merlin's investors

16986-444: The rear channels. A breakthrough came in 1970 when KIOI ( K-101 ) in San Francisco successfully transmitted true quadraphonic sound from a single FM station using the Quadraplex system under Special Temporary Authority from the FCC . Following this experiment, a long-term test period was proposed that would permit one FM station in each of the top 25 U.S. radio markets to transmit in Quadraplex. The test results hopefully would prove to

17135-559: The reasons for this were: Public service broadcasters in Ireland and Australia were far slower at adopting FM radio than those in either North America or continental Europe . Hans Idzerda operated a broadcasting station, PCGG , at The Hague from 1919 to 1924, which employed narrow-band FM transmissions. In the United Kingdom the BBC conducted tests during the 1940s, then began FM broadcasting in 1955, with three national networks:

17284-478: The receiver after decoding. In the U.S. around 2010, using single-sideband modulation for the stereo subcarrier was proposed. It was theorized to be more spectrum-efficient and to produce a 4 dB s/n improvement at the receiver, and it was claimed that multipath distortion would be reduced as well. A handful of radio stations around the country broadcast stereo in this way, under FCC experimental authority. It may not be compatible with very old receivers, but it

17433-511: The repetition of the same tracks on stations—particularly those owned by Clear Channel Communications (now iHeart Media )—and the reduction of artists recording tracks resulting in fewer tracks for airplay may have also contributed to the decline. Time to stop complaining about it not being the way it used to be ... and start embracing the way it is and the way it's going to be in the future ... whatever that may be! Hello, Tomorrow. American saxophonist Dave Koz responded back in November 2009 to

17582-570: The required area is covered without causing interference to other stations further away. Practical transmitter powers range from a few milliwatts to 80 kW. As transmitter powers increase above a few kilowatts, the operating costs become high and only viable for large stations. The efficiency of larger transmitters is now better than 70% (AC power in to RF power out) for FM-only transmission. This compares to 50% before high efficiency switch-mode power supplies and LDMOS amplifiers were used. Efficiency drops dramatically if any digital HD Radio service

17731-601: The same air talent as the Smooth Jazz Network. This network had only a handful of affiliates at its peak and has since been discontinued. The current air talent lineup on the Smooth Jazz Network includes Kenny G and Sandy Kovach (formerly of WVMV "V98.7" Detroit) mornings, Miranda Wilson middays, Allan Kepler during afternoon drive, and Maria Lopez evenings and overnights, with weekend personalities including Norman Brown, Paul Hardcastle, and Allan Kepler's Smooth Jazz Top 20 Countdown. Top-selling saxophonist Dave Koz

17880-616: The satellite feed filling most of the remainder of the schedule. Of these stations, only WAEG remains an affiliate of the Smooth Jazz Network as of June 2016. The list of remaining over-the-air affiliates also includes KZIZ in Seattle, WCHB-AM-FM (part-time) in Detroit, and KWDR in Kennewick, Washington, as well as HD Radio side channels in various markets, including San Francisco, Washington, Miami, Baltimore, Houston, Nashville, Memphis, St. Louis, San Antonio, and Grand Rapids, Michigan. It

18029-502: The slogan "Smooth Rock and Smooth Jazz", replacing the old slogan "Music for a New Age" as the station added more vocals and dropped most "avant-garde" instrumentals. Under the direction of General Manager John Gehron, "Smooth Rock" was dropped. Cody is credited with making Smooth Jazz a household name, giving rise to its nationwide proliferation through the firm Broadcast Architecture, the widely syndicated "The Jazz Show with David Sanborn" and his association with saxophonist Dave Koz. Cody

18178-466: The smooth jazz format are also present in the Timeless Cool format distributed by Timeless Cool Music, Inc., which features a mixture of smooth and traditional jazz with adult standards by artists like Ray Charles , Madeleine Peyroux , and Bobby Darin and adult alternative performers such as Jack Johnson , Amy Winehouse , and Annie Lennox . However, this format has failed to take off and

18327-443: The standard smooth jazz format. WQCD's on-air staff remained unusually stable in the generally volatile radio climate, led by morning host Dennis Quinn. Midday host Deborah Rath had been with parent company Emmis since 1988, as a veteran of both WRKS and WQHT. Afternoon drive host Paul Cavalconte was a veteran of New York jazz, classical, and rock stations, adult standards WNEW . Evening host Sharon Davis called WQCD home for nearly

18476-448: The station ended its adult contemporary stint and became an all-news station as "FM News 101.9". It followed in the footsteps of its Chicago sister station WWWN (the former and current WKQX ), which flipped to all-news on July 29. As conceived by Merlin's then-COO, Walter Sabo, "FM News" was what Sabo considered a "redefining" of the all-news format. The on-air presentation was generally looser and conversational in tone, while an emphasis

18625-615: The station promoting that it played between 70 and 80 minutes of music between commercial breaks, the length of an average compact disc). The station programmed an equal balance between vocal and instrumental music. At night the station played strictly contemporary jazz music, with a majority of it instrumental. As time went on, WQCD phased-out soft-rock cuts and became a full-time contemporary jazz station. The playlist continued to feature large amounts of instrumental jazz, with some new age, and several urban adult contemporary songs. This formula would largely be unchanged for over 15 years. When

18774-553: The station was assigned new call letters of WFGG, which were changed to WGHF in 1945. One of the uses of the station was to test Finch's sub-carrier facsimile system. By 1946, the station was broadcasting on 99.7 MHz, moving to 101.9 in 1947. In late 1948, it became the New York City affiliate of the farm-oriented Rural Radio Network based in Ithaca, New York , which owned a group of upstate stations that would later associate with WQXR . In 1955, its then-owner, Muzak , changed

18923-424: The station would be, including a return of WYNY 's country music format, but many suggested an all-news radio format. All of WRXP's DJs, except for Cavalconte, were dismissed, and at 5 p.m. on July 15, 2011, WRXP's rock format ended with " Long Live Rock " by The Who . WRXP's website (MyRXP.com) continued operation after the station left the airwaves, offering its music format via streaming online audio and later

19072-462: The station. On June 21, 2011, it was announced that majority ownership of WRXP was acquired by Merlin Media LLC, a new entity headed by veteran radio executive Randy Michaels . The sale, which the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) approved in September 2011, included two other Emmis-owned stations in Chicago, WLUP-FM and WKQX . Merlin registered several domains for what the new format of

19221-462: The switching harmonics. Converting the multiplex signal back into left and right audio signals is performed by a decoder, built into stereo receivers. Again, the decoder can use a switching technique to recover the left and right channels. In addition, for a given RF level at the receiver, the signal-to-noise ratio and multipath distortion for the stereo signal will be worse than for the mono receiver. For this reason many stereo FM receivers include

19370-465: The transmitted signal. Because transmitted FM signals use significantly more bandwidth than AM signals, this form of modulation is commonly used with the higher ( VHF or UHF ) frequencies used by TV , the FM broadcast band , and land mobile radio systems . The maximum frequency deviation of the carrier is usually specified and regulated by the licensing authorities in each country. For a stereo broadcast,

19519-593: Was "The Quiet Storm ," which aired weekly on the community-based WGDR in Plainfield, Vermont and its sister station, WGDH in Hardwick, Vermont, both owned by Goddard College . Launched in 1998 and hosted by Skeeter Sanders, "The Quiet Storm" was a 50-50 mix of smooth jazz and soft R&B, presented in "Triple-A" (Album Adult Alternative) style, with a strong emphasis on "B" and "C" album tracks that most commercial stations often ignore. The show took its name from

19668-531: Was Brian Schock. Until leaving the station to return to San Diego in January 2009, he was also the station's assistant program director and music director. Station management promised to hire a New York rock-savvy airstaff for the rest of the station's dayparts. Among those hired were veteran radio and MTV personality Matt Pinfield as the morning drive host; Steve Craig as midday host; and Brian Phillips as evening host. The weekend air staff included Dave Greek, Greg Russ and Jennifer Kajzer, as well as Cavalconte,

19817-582: Was a former air personality on the Smooth Jazz and Smooth AC networks. Other weekly syndicated smooth jazz radio shows include the long running Art Good's Jazztrax , "Chill" with saxophonist Mindi Abair, Ramsey Lewis' "Legends Of Jazz" and the weekly two-hour Dave Koz Radio Show. In the summer of 2007, Broadcast Architecture launched the format's first ever national countdown show, the "Smooth Jazz Top 20 Countdown with Allen Kepler". The Smooth Jazz Top 20 now airs in more than 20 radio stations. Elements of

19966-498: Was accompanied by a new television advertising campaign which featured Al Jarreau , Miles Davis , Kenny G , Bobby McFerrin and Herb Alpert –all artists whose music formed the core of the new smooth jazz format, which proved successful and long-lasting for a station that had not been used to stability in its programming. WQCD's early music blend featured contemporary jazz mixed with soft rock and urban adult contemporary , along with some new-age music (the "CD" branding came from

20115-514: Was also responsible for overseeing the launch of the now defunct Satellite Music Network 's syndicated "Wave" format. Over a six-year period ending in 1993, the format increased its audience by 140 percent, and from 1992 to 1993, by 67 percent. Listeners were 71 percent white and 28 percent black . Advertisers recognized that adult alternative music tended to attract buyers of upscale items. The format became much more jazz-oriented, with very little new-age, and even while emphasizing young artists,

20264-433: Was also struggling in ratings with all-news and had added some talk programming. Instead, Merlin had other plans for the station. On July 17, 2012, at 10 am, Merlin management held meetings with the news staffs of both WEMP and WIQI. While the meeting took place, a pre-recorded newscast from earlier in the day on "FM News 101.9" was abruptly cut off and replaced by the reporting of one final story – an announcement that

20413-531: Was also syndicated to terrestrial radio stations across the United States affiliated with the Pacifica Radio Network . Sanders continued to produce new episodes up until shortly before his death in 2019. In some markets, the smooth jazz format has also found a new home on the AM dial. The format had brief comebacks on the AM dial in Reno, Nevada, Phoenix, Arizona (nights and weekends), and Atlanta, Georgia (the latter during weekends only). Among

20562-526: Was approved on November 9, 2017, and was consummated on November 17. ** = Audacy operates pursuant to a local marketing agreement with Martz Communications Group . FM broadcasting Throughout the world, the FM broadcast band falls within the VHF part of the radio spectrum . Usually 87.5 to 108.0 MHz is used, or some portion of it, with few exceptions: The frequency of an FM broadcast station (more strictly its assigned nominal center frequency)

20711-616: Was atop the highest mountain in the northeast United States, Mount Washington , New Hampshire (shut down in 1948); and W9XAO/W55M/WTMJ-FM Milwaukee, Wisconsin (went off air in 1950). A commercial FM broadcasting band was formally established in the United States as of January 1, 1941, with the first fifteen construction permits announced on October 31, 1940. These stations primarily simulcast their AM sister stations, in addition to broadcasting lush orchestral music for stores and offices, classical music to an upmarket listenership in urban areas, and educational programming. On June 27, 1945

20860-530: Was based on the Telefunken High ;Com broadband compander system, but was never introduced commercially in FM broadcasting. Yet another system was the CX -based noise reduction system FMX implemented in some radio broadcasting stations in the United States in the 1980s. FM broadcasting has included subsidiary communications authorization (SCA) services capability since its inception, as it

21009-425: Was decreased. The station turned towards a tighter on-air presentation and hard news format. Several new features were added, including "10 minutes of non-stop news" at :00, :20 and :40 past the hour (similar to the fact that WINS delivers news headlines at these intervals), the "Top 5 Trending Stories" leading off every hour, with hourly sports and business updates. The station also advertised "traffic and weather on

21158-399: Was misleading according to WEMP's format at the time. In the time FM News was in operation, it was plagued by a variety of technical issues after management in Chicago decided to automate the news, much as some music stations automate their playlists. The controversial approach led to a number of on-air gaffes, including wrong time checks and news stories misplaced. The only live elements on

21307-417: Was placed on lifestyle, health, and entertainment features. The initial news staff at WEMP included people with experience in New York radio, including WINS alums Catherine Smith, Alice Stockton-Rossini, and Brett Larson, as well as former WCBS anchor Therese Crowley and WRXP holdover Paul Cavalconte. Over time, the "FM News" approach on WEMP was adjusted. The reliance on lifestyle and entertainment features

21456-457: Was rejected due to lack of high frequency stereo separation and reduction in the main channel signal-to-noise ratio. The GE and Zenith systems, so similar that they were considered theoretically identical, were formally approved by the FCC in April 1961 as the standard stereo FM broadcasting method in the United States and later adopted by most other countries. It is important that stereo broadcasts be compatible with mono receivers. For this reason,

21605-462: Was seeking buyers for the company's stations. Merlin announced on October 8, 2012, that it had agreed to sell WRXP to CBS Radio. With the purchase (estimated at $ 75 million), CBS said it would convert WRXP to a simulcast of its sports radio station, WFAN. The simulcast began at 11:57 p.m. on November 1, 2012, after Jeff Buckley 's " Last Goodbye " brought a close to WRXP's "New Rock" format. A call sign change from WRXP to WFAN-FM took effect

21754-565: Was seen as another service which licensees could use to create additional income. Use of SCAs was particularly popular in the US, but much less so elsewhere. Uses for such subcarriers include radio reading services for the blind , which became common and remain so, private data transmission services (for example sending stock market information to stockbrokers or stolen credit card number denial lists to stores, ) subscription commercial-free background music services for shops, paging ("beeper") services, alternative-language programming, and providing

21903-539: Was the first alternative rock station in New York City since WXRK 's format flip to active rock in April 2005 . Even though classified as alternative rock (with a slight adult album alternative lean), Nielsen BDS and Mediabase reported WRXP as an AAA, with suburban station WXPK recognized as the main AAA station in the New York City market. By 2011 , WRXP was classified as an alternative rock station by both Nielsen BDS and Mediabase. WRXP's first on-air personality

22052-542: Was to become one of the most popular formats in FM radio, easy listening (later adult contemporary music ), signaling the end of the dominance of beautiful music, jazz, classical and block programming on the FM band. WPIX-FM would be noted for not being able to settle on a format for any real length of time, and was derisively nicknamed "the format of the month station" by many in the New York City radio industry. The station went through 11 different formats during its post-easy listening period: Notable air personalities during

22201-446: Was used in the earliest days of FM broadcasting. According to a BBC report from 1946, 100 μs was originally considered in the US, but 75 μs subsequently adopted. Long before FM stereo transmission was considered, FM multiplexing of other types of audio-level information was experimented with. Edwin Armstrong, who invented FM, was the first to experiment with multiplexing, at his experimental 41 MHz station W2XDG located on

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