35-700: Waterloo Place is a short but broad street in the St James's area of the City of Westminster , London . It forms a plaza -like space and is a southern extension of Lower Regent Street . Towards the northern end it is crossed by Pall Mall and at the southern end, by Carlton House Terrace , where it ends at the Duke of York Steps which lead down to The Mall . Located on the Place are several 19th and 20th century monuments to royalty, explorers and military people. Included in
70-689: Is bounded to the north by Piccadilly and Mayfair , to the west by Green Park , to the south by The Mall and St. James's Park , and to the east by Haymarket . The area's name is derived from the dedication of a 12th-century leper hospital to Saint James the Less . The hospital site is now occupied by St James's Palace . The area became known as "Clubland" because of the historic presence of gentlemen's clubs . The section of Regent Street (colloquially known as 'Lower Regent Street') that runs between Waterloo Place and Piccadilly Circus has been officially renamed 'Regent Street St James's'. St James's
105-458: Is headquartered in St James's. The area is home to fine wine merchants including Berry Brothers and Rudd , at number 3 St James's Street. Adjoining St James's Street is Jermyn Street, famous for tailoring. Some famous cigar retailers are at 35 St James's Street, occupied by Davidoff of London ; J.J. Fox at 19 St James's Street and Dunhill at 50 Jermyn St. Shoemaker, Wildsmith , designers of
140-601: Is home to many of the best known gentlemen's clubs in London, and sometimes, though not as often as formerly, referred to as "Clubland". The clubs are organisations of English high society. A variety of groups come together here, such as military officers, politicians, motoring enthusiasts, yachtsmen, and other groups. In 1990, the Carlton Club , traditional meeting place for members of the Conservative Party ,
175-668: Is the 120 feet (37 m) Duke of York Column , commemorating Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany , the commander-in-chief of the British Army during the Napoleonic Wars . It stands above a flight of steps leading down to The Mall in a space between the Western and Eastern terraces of the Carleton House Terrace, designed by Nash and Decimus Burton and built between 1827 and 1832. The column itself
210-501: Is the first free-standing building to be built in the area for more than 30 years. Other notable modern and contemporary art dealers in the St James's area include Helly Nahmad Gallery , Paisnel Gallery , Bernard Jacobson Gallery, Thomas Dane, Whitford Fine Art and Panter & Hall. On the southernmost border of St James's is The Mall where The Institute of Contemporary Arts and the Mall Galleries are located. St James's
245-613: The Battle of Vitoria . He served under Sir Edward Pakenham as chief engineer during the War of 1812 . He went on to act as official advisor to Lord Raglan during the Crimean War advocating the Bay of Kalamita as the point of disembarkation for allied forces and recommending a Siege of Sevastopol from the south side rather than a coup de main , so consigning the allied forces to a winter in
280-653: The Dardanelles . Appointed an official advisor to Lord Raglan , he advocated the Bay of Kalamita as the point of disembarkation for allied forces and recommended skirting Sevastopol to the east to facilitate a siege from the south side rather than a coup de main , so consigning the allied forces to a winter in the field in 1854. He became colonel commandant of the Royal Engineers on 22 November 1854 and, following his recall to England in February 1855, he
315-743: The Second Battle of Fort Bowyer in February 1815. He then served as chief engineer of the Army of Occupation in France until 1821 when he became commanding engineer at the Royal Engineers Depot, Chatham . In 1826 he accompanied General Henry Clinton on a mission to Portugal to support the constitutional government against the absolutist forces of Dom Miguel . He became garrison engineer at Portsmouth in 1828 and, having been promoted to brevet colonel on 22 July 1830, became chairman of
350-942: The Siege of Malta in Autumn 1800 during the French Revolutionary Wars before becoming aide-de-camp to General Henry Fox . Promoted again, this time to second captain on 18 March 1805, he took part in the capture of Alexandria in February 1807 and the subsequent occupation of Rosetta in April 1807. During the Peninsular War , Burgoyne became commanding engineer on the staff of Sir John Moore in April 1808 and went with Moore's army to Sweden in May 1808 and to Portugal in September 1808. He then took part in
385-730: The retreat from Corunna blowing up bridges behind the retreating army in January 1809. Burgoyne returned to Portugal in April 1809 to join Sir Arthur Wellesley 's army. Promoted to captain on 5 July 1809, Burgoyne became engineer officer for the 3rd Division , in which role he took part in the Battle of Bussaco in September 1810, the Second Siege of Badajoz in June 1811 and the Siege of Ciudad Rodrigo in January 1812. Promoted to brevet major on 6 February 1812, he led
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#1732765598670420-670: The Board of Public Works in Ireland. Promoted to the substantive rank of colonel on 10 January 1837 and to the rank of major-general on 28 June 1838, Burgoyne was advanced to Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath on 19 July 1838 and became Inspector-General of Fortifications in 1845. In this role he advised on relief works during the Great Famine in Ireland. He also advised on
455-697: The Nive in December 1813. In the closing stages of the War he was also present at the crossing of the River Adour in February 1814 and the Battle of Bayonne in April 1814. He was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath in 1814. In the War of 1812 , Burgoyne went to the United States and fought under General Edward Pakenham as chief engineer at the Battle of New Orleans in January 1815 and at
490-661: The Restoration in the 17th century, the area was developed as a residential location for the British aristocracy , and around the 19th century was the focus of the development of their gentlemen's clubs . Once part of the parish of St Martin in the Fields , much of it formed the parish of St James from 1685 to 1922. Since the Second World War the area has transitioned from residential to commercial use. St James's
525-606: The Tower in April 1865 and promoted to field marshal on his retirement on 1 January 1868. He died at Kensington in London on 7 October 1871 and is buried in the nearby Brompton Cemetery , London. Castle Hill Fort in Dover was renamed Fort Burgoyne in memory of him. In 1821 Burgoyne married Charlotte Rose; they had a son, ( Captain Hugh Talbot Burgoyne VC ), and seven daughters. One of their grand-children
560-564: The development. Construction was financed and managed by the property developer, James Burton . The first leases on the new buildings in the street were taken out in 1815, by which time it was thought appropriate to name it after the British victory at the Battle of Waterloo which had taken place in June of that year, perhaps as a military counterpart to Trafalgar Square . Residences in Waterloo Place quickly became fashionable due to
595-593: The field in 1854. Born the illegitimate son of General John Burgoyne and the opera singer Susan Caulfield, Burgoyne was brought up by the 12th Earl of Derby (a nephew of his father's late wife) following his father's early death. Educated at Eton College and the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich , he was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the Royal Engineers on 29 August 1798. Promoted to lieutenant on 1 July 1800, he took part in
630-510: The first loafer , was located at 41 Duke Street but is now at 13 Savile Row . Art galleries catering for a spectrum of tastes occupy premises in the area. The White Cube gallery, which represents Damien Hirst and Tracey Emin , opened in Duke Street before moving to Hoxton Square . In September 2006, it opened a second gallery at 25–26 Mason's Yard, off Duke Street, on a plot previously occupied by an electricity substation. The gallery
665-526: The fortifications in Gibraltar in 1848 making the wise recommendation that the guns on the Devil's Tongue Battery be directed into Gibraltar Harbour . He was promoted to lieutenant general on 11 November 1851 and advanced to Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath on 31 March 1852. Before the outbreak of the Crimean War , Burgoyne went to Constantinople to assist in its fortification and that of
700-465: The new parish. For elections to Westminster City Council , the area is part of the St James's ward. The ward includes Covent Garden , the Strand , Westminster and part of Mayfair. The ward elects three councillors. Notable streets include: The following utilises the generally accepted boundaries of St James’s, viz. Piccadilly to the north, Haymarket and Cockspur Street to the east, The Mall to
735-468: The north to Pall Mall in the south. It roughly corresponded to the contemporary St James's area, but extended into parts of Soho and Mayfair . Land south of Pall Mall remained in St Martin in the Fields' parish, and St James's Park was split between the parishes of St Martin and St Margaret . St James's Palace was an extra-parochial area and not part of any parish. A select vestry was created for
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#1732765598670770-556: The plan for London prepared by architect John Nash in 1814 was a broad plaza intended as a space for monuments, It would be the southern end of a prestigious new thoroughfare, later known as Regent Street , and would create a grand open area in front of Carlton House , the London residence of the Prince Regent , which stood on the south side of Pall Mall. The site had previously been occupied by St James's Market, and several "low and mean houses" had to be demolished to make way for
805-551: The proximity to Carlton House. Charlotte Lennox, Duchess of Richmond lived at Number 7, while Lady Elizabeth Egremont, the estranged wife and former mistress of George Wyndham, 3rd Earl of Egremont , lived at Number 4. Following a fire in 1824, Carlton House was demolished and part of the vacant plot on the western corner of Pall Mall and Waterloo Place was offered by Parliament to the Athenaeum Club who were in temporary premises nearby. Accordingly, in 1826, Decimus Burton ,
840-565: The son of the developer, was commissioned to design an elegant building for the club. Parliament also offered the opposite site to the United Service Club with the specification that both buildings should be of a uniform design. However, the latter club were able to get agreement to some modifications that the Athenaeum were unwilling to follow, so that the two finished buildings were dissimilar. The focal point of Waterloo Place
875-518: The south and Queen's Walk to the west. St James's is a predominantly commercial area with some of the highest rents in London and, consequently, the world. The auction house Christie's is based in King Street, and the surrounding streets contain many upmarket art and antique dealers including Colnaghi , Agnew's Gallery , Moretti Fine Art , Hazlitt, Gooden & Fox , Stoppenbach & Delestre Ltd, The Sladmore Gallery and S Franses Ltd. BP
910-624: The storming parties at the Siege of Badajoz in March 1812. Promoted again this time to brevet lieutenant colonel on 27 April 1812, he took part in the Battle of Salamanca in July 1812, the Siege of Burgos in September 1812 and the Battle of Vitoria in June 1813 before going on to be present at the Siege of San Sebastián in August 1813, the Battle of Nivelle in November 1813 and the Battle of
945-695: Was commemorated in a statue by Joseph Edgar Boehm , who also executed another to a Viceroy of India , John Lawrence, 1st Baron Lawrence completed in 1885. In 1914, John Henry Foley 's 1866 statue of Sidney Herbert, 1st Baron Herbert of Lea , the Secretary at War during the Crimean War, was moved from outside the War Office in Whitehall to stand close to the Guards memorial in Waterloo Place. It
980-546: Was designed by Benjamin Dean Wyatt and was completed in 1832. Waterloo Place later became a space for memorialising non-royal heroism, due to it being Crown land and therefore administered by the Commissioners of Woods, Forests and Land Revenues , who were more amenable to public monuments than the Commissioners of Works and Public Buildings that controlled many other open spaces in the capital. The first of these
1015-517: Was in the ancient parish of St Martin in the Fields in the Liberty of Westminster . Attempts made in 1664, 1668 and 1670 to separate St James's from the parish were resisted by St Martin's vestry . The building of St James's Church, Piccadilly in 1684 forced the issue, and a new parish of St James within the Liberty of Westminster was created in 1685. The parish stretched from Oxford Street in
1050-541: Was joined in the following year by a new statue of Florence Nightingale by Arthur George Walker , making a group of three Crimean memorials in the centre of the roadway. Also in 1915, a statue of the Antarctic explorer Captain Robert Falcon Scott , sculpted by his widow, Kathleen , was erected next to that of Lord Clyde. In 1924, an equestrian statue of King Edward VII by Sir Edgar Bertram Mackennal
1085-606: Was once part of the same royal park as Green Park and St. James's Park . In the 1660s, Charles II gave the right to develop the area to Henry Jermyn, 1st Earl of St Albans who developed it as a predominantly aristocratic residential area around a grid of streets centred on St James's Square . Until the Second World War , St James's remained one of the most exclusive residential enclaves in London. Notable residences include St James's Palace , Clarence House , Marlborough House , Lancaster House , Spencer House , Schomberg House , Norfolk House and Bridgewater House . St James's
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1120-558: Was promoted to full general on 5 September 1855. He was created a baronet on 18 April 1856 and awarded the French Legion of Honour , 2nd Class on 2 August 1856. He was appointed one of the Colonels Commandant of the Royal Engineers in 1854, and also served as honorary colonel of 1st Middlesex Engineer Volunteer Corps and of the 1st Lancashire Engineer Volunteer Corps . Burgoyne was appointed Constable of
1155-473: Was struck by an IRA bomb. John Fox Burgoyne Field Marshal Sir John Fox Burgoyne, 1st Baronet , GCB (24 July 1782 – 7 October 1871) was a British Army officer. After taking part in the Siege of Malta during the French Revolutionary Wars , he saw action under Sir John Moore and then under the Duke of Wellington in numerous battles of the Peninsular War , including the Siege of Badajoz and
1190-563: Was the Guards Crimean War Memorial , sculpted by John Bell and completed in 1861, which occupies a central position in the place. On the western edge, Matthew Noble 's statue of Arctic explorer Sir John Franklin was unveiled in 1866, followed the next year by Carlo Marochetti 's memorial to Crimean War hero, Colin Campbell, 1st Baron Clyde on the eastern side. In 1874, another Crimean general, John Fox Burgoyne
1225-521: Was unveiled, also in the centre of the Place. The last addition was a memorial by Leslie Johnson to Sir Keith Park , known as "the defender of London" during the Battle of Britain , which was installed in 2010 next to Scott and Franklin. St James%27s St James's is a central district in the City of Westminster , London, forming part of the West End . The area was once part of the northwestern gardens and parks of St. James's Palace . During
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