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48-517: The gardens are in the old village of Wah, close to the present garrison town of Wah, located 50 km northwest of Islamabad on the main Grand Trunk Road . Raja Man Singh , brother-in-law of Emperor Jahangir , was a court chief of Emperor Akbar , and is credited with construction of the gardens along the old route from Lahore to Srinagar . He was posted at Wah from the year 1581 to 1586 to stop enemy incursions. During his stay he made

96-403: A Sirkar and included the dasturs of Marahra, Kol ba Haveli, Thana Farida and Akbarabad. Akbar and Jahangir visited Kol on hunting expeditions. Jahangir clearly mentions the forest of Kol, where he killed wolves. During the time of Ibrahim Lodhi , Muhammad, son of Umar, was the governor of Kol. He built a fort at Kol and named the city Muhammadgarh, after himself, in 1524–25. Sabit Khan, who

144-485: A distance of around 2,600 kilometres (1,600 mi). The route of Chandragupta was built over the ancient " Uttarapatha " or the Northern Road, which had been mentioned by Pāṇini . The emperor Ashoka had it recorded in his edict about having trees planted, wells built at every half kos and many "nimisdhayas", which is often translated as rest-houses along the route for the travelers. The emperor Kanishka

192-531: A political and economic centre. Beginning with a major rebuilding of the Aligarh Fort in the 16th century, the city was renamed several times before eventually settling on the current name, Aligarh, in the mid-1700s. It is notable as the seat of Aligarh Muslim University , which was founded here as Mohammadan Anglo-Oriental College in 1875, initiating the Aligarh Movement . Written references to

240-419: A pond surrounded by a structure of twelve doors. The Mughal Emperor Jahangir while on his way to Kabul stayed here on 29 April 1607 and went fishing in the pond. Indeed, the present old village of Wah was originally called 'Jalal Sar' after Jalal Khan Khattar but was renamed 'Wah' by Jahangir. He wrote in his autobiography (translation): "Stayed at Baba Hasanabdal on 12th Muharram, 1016 A.H. At about two miles on

288-701: A river of life as nowhere else exists in the world." The ensemble of historic sites along the road in India was submitted to the tentative list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites in 2015, under the title "Sites along the Uttarapath, Badshahi Sadak, Sadak-e-Azam, Banho, Grand Trunk Road". The Indian sections of the Grand Trunk Road coincide with NH 19 , NH 112 and NH 44 of the National Highways in India . Psephologists sometimes refer to

336-528: Is 140 km from New Delhi. It is one of the Division of UPSRTC. Uttar Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation (UPSRTC) buses serve cities all over the state and cities in Uttarakhand , Rajasthan , Madhya Pradesh and Haryana . Aligarh City has three UPSRTC bus stations: There are buses plying from Aligarh to Delhi at frequent intervals via 1) Khair, Tappal, Palval, Faridabad, Delhi - The route

384-412: Is 15 km from the city. Narora Atomic Power Station is located 50 km from Aligarh. Aligarh is associated with an applique and embroidery art known as phool patti ka kaam . Aligarh has several popular landmarks. Most notable few of them are Aligarh Fort , Jama Masjid, Khereshwar Temple which is the birthplace of Swami Shri Haridas Ji, Dor fortress (1524), which is now in ruins, lies at

432-542: Is 28–38 °C (82–100 °F). The monsoon season starts in late June, continuing until early October, bringing high humidity. Aligarh gets most of its annual rainfall of 800 millimetres (31 in) during these months. Temperatures then decrease, and winter sets in December, and continues until February. Temperatures range between 2–11 °C (36–52 °F). Winters in Aligarh are generally mild, but 2011–12 experienced

480-543: Is also known to have controlled the Uttarapatha. Sher Shah Suri , the medieval ruler of the Sur Empire , took to repair The Chandragupta's Royal Road in the 16th century. The old route was further rerouted at Sonargaon and Rohtas and its breadth increased, a sarai was built, the number of kos minars and baolis increased. Gardens were also built alongside some sections of the highway. Those who stopped at

528-508: Is based as per Google Maps. 27°20′13″N 79°03′50″E  /  27.337°N 79.064°E  / 27.337; 79.064 Aligarh Aligarh ( ; formerly known as Koil ) is a city in the state of Uttar Pradesh in India . It is the administrative headquarters of Aligarh district , and lies 342 kilometres (213 mi) northwest of state capital Lucknow and approximately 130 kilometres (81 mi) southeast of

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576-477: Is held at the exhibition ground in January and February. The land Numaish Ground was donated by Nawab Rehmat Ullah Khan Sherwani . The cultural shows take place at three grand stages (Kohinoor, Krishnanjali and Muktakash). In all, more than 150 stage events featuring artists from across India take place during a period of 28–30 days. Aligarh Muslim University (AMU) is one of the oldest central universities. It

624-625: Is in the middle portion of the doab , the land between the Ganges and the Yamuna rivers. The Grand Trunk Road passes through it via NH-91 is 134 km from capital of India. Aligarh has a hot semi-arid climate ( Köppen BSh ) a little too dry to be a monsoon-influenced humid subtropical climate ( Cwa ). Summers start in April and are hot with temperatures peaking in May. The average temperature range

672-479: Is mentioned in a number of literary works including those of Foster and Rudyard Kipling. Kipling described the road as: "Look! Look again! and chumars , bankers and tinkers, barbers and bunnias , pilgrims – and potters – all the world going and coming. It is to me as a river from which I am withdrawn like a log after a flood. And truly the Grand Trunk Road is a wonderful spectacle. It runs straight, bearing without crowding India's traffic for fifteen hundred miles – such

720-635: Is one of Asia's oldest and longest major roads. For at least 2,500 years it has linked Central Asia to the Indian subcontinent . It runs roughly 3,655 km (2,271 mi) from Teknaf , Bangladesh on the border with Myanmar west to Kabul , Afghanistan , passing through Chittagong and Dhaka in Bangladesh, Kolkata , Kanpur , Agra , Aligarh , Delhi , Amritsar in India, and Lahore , Rawalpindi , and Peshawar in Pakistan . The highway

768-624: Is under construction between Khair and Palval and should be strictly avoided by cars. No toll charges. 2) Khair, Tappal, Yamuna expressway, Noida, Greater Noida, Delhi, Gurgaon - Best and recommended route for Delhi, Noida, Gurgaon. Toll Charges are ₹120 between Aligarh and Delhi. 3) Old GT Road, Bulandshahr, Ghaziabad, Delhi - NH 91 - It is a 6-lane highway. Toll charges are ₹285. Following Highways are connected to Aligarh: Aligarh City has Mahanagar Bus Service (City Bus Service) which provides local transport to Aligarh. Apart from this an Air-conditioned Electronic Bus Service has been running within

816-554: The Great Khurasan Road that ran from Media to Bactria). During the time of the Mauryan Empire in the 3rd century BCE, overland trade between India and several parts of Western Asia and Bactria world went through the cities of the north-west, primarily Takshashila and Purushapura (present-day Taxila and Peshawar respectively, in Pakistan ). Takshashila was well connected by roads with other parts of

864-439: The "Battle of Ghasera". It was renamed Ramgarh and Rao Durjan Singh Poonia of Bijauli was made the kiledar of the fort. When a Persian Mughal Shia commander, Najaf Khan , captured Ramgarh, he renamed it and gave it its present name of Aligarh. Aligarh Fort (also called Aligarh Qila), as it stands today, was built by French engineers under the control of French officers Benoît de Boigne and Perron . The Battle of Aligarh

912-402: The 2011 Census, Aligarh has a total population of 874,408, of which 461,772 are males and 412,636 are females. Population in the age range 0–6 years is 119,543. The literacy rate is 59.15%, of which the male literacy rate is 63.42% and female literacy rate is 54.37%. The effective literacy rate of 7+ population of Aligarh was 68.5%, of which male literacy rate was 62.9% and the female literacy rate

960-1411: The British period between 1833 and 1860. Over the centuries, the road acted as one of the major trade routes in the region and facilitated both travel and postal communication. The Grand Trunk Road is still used for transportation in the present-day Indian subcontinent, where parts of the road have been widened and included in the national highway system. The road coincides with the current N1 , Feni ( Chittagong to Dhaka ), N4 & N405 (Dhaka to Sirajganj ), N507 (Sirajganj to Natore ) and N6 (Natore to Rajshahi towards Purnea in India ; NH 12 ( Purnea to Bakkhali ), NH 27 ( Purnea to Patna ), NH 19 ( Kolkata to Agra ), NH 44 ( Agra to Jalandhar via New Delhi , Panipat , Karnal , Ambala and Ludhiana ) and NH 3 ( Jalandhar to Attari , Amritsar in India towards Lahore in Pakistan ) via Wagah ; N-5 ( Lahore , Gujranwala , Gujrat , Lalamusa , Kharian , Jhelum , Rawalpindi , Peshawar and Khyber Pass towards Jalalabad in Afghanistan) in Pakistan and AH1 ( Torkham - Jalalabad to Kabul ) to Ghazni in Afghanistan . The Buddhist literature and Indian epics such as Mahabharata refer to

1008-540: The Government of Pakistan handed over the garden to the department of Archeology to look after. It was decades later when on the request of Lt Gen Omar Mahmood Hayat, Chairman POF Wah, the Archeology department initiated repairs. Work has been started to restore and save the garden. The reconstruction of the four walls of the garden, the big pond, the canals, and the paths are near completion. The work of replanting

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1056-721: The Mauryan Empire. The Mauryas had maintained this very ancient highway from Takshashila to Patliputra (present-day Patna in India). Chandragupta Maurya had a whole army of officials overseeing the maintenance of this road as told by the Greek diplomat Megasthenes who spent fifteen years at the Mauryan court. Constructed in eight stages, this road is said to have connected the cities of Purushapura , Takshashila , Hastinapura , Kanyakubja , Prayag , Patliputra and Tamralipta ,

1104-527: The area around the GT Road as the "GT Road belt" it is also known as Gujarat road sometimes within the context of elections. For example, during the elections in Haryana the area on either side of the GT Road from Ambala to Sonipat , which has 28 legislative assembly constituencies where there is no dominance of one caste or community, is referred to as the "GT road belt of Haryana". Distance calculation

1152-518: The capital, New Delhi . The cities and districts which adjoin Aligarh are: Gautam Buddha Nagar , Bulandshahr , Sambhal , Badaun , Kasganj , Hathras , Etah and Mathura , as well as Palwal district of Haryana . As of 2011, Aligarh is the 53rd most populous city in India . The recorded history of Aligarh begins in the 12th century, under the name Kol. Kol was a major city of the Delhi Sultanate and Mughal Empire , serving as both

1200-603: The city commence only from 12th century onward; however, archaeological records suggest that the town used to be inhabited by Jains. The area of Aligarh before the Ghurid conquest of the region was under the sway of Dor Rajputs in 12th century. In 1194, Qutb-ud-din Aibak mounted a successful invasion of the region and Hisam-ud-din Ulbak was installed as the first Muslim governor; court-historian Hasan Nizami noted Kol to be "one of

1248-486: The city is looked after by the Aligarh Development Authority (ADA) administered by Divisional Commissioner (chairman) and vice-chairman (PCS Officer). Aligarh is the headquarters of Aligarh Police Range and Aligarh Division . A DIG looks after Aligarh for legal condition and law; a Commissioner looks for four districts of Aligarh Division (Aligarh, Etah , Hathras , Kasganj ). According to

1296-530: The city since January 2022. Aligarh Airport , Situated on NH 91, Dhanipur, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh. It is Also known as Dhanipur Air Strip/Dhanipur Hawai Patti. This airport is also used as flying Club. The Government of Uttar Pradesh signed a memorandum of understanding with the Airports Authority of India in February 2014 for the development of the airport. At this time direct flight started by

1344-495: The city's centre, its site is in the area now called Upper Fort (Balai Qila) and is occupied by an 18th-century mosque. The area Shah Jamal is very famous for a Sufi saint Syed Shah Jamal is also known as Shamsul Arifeen, of whom the tomb is located at Shahjamal area and surrounded by a graveyard. The Sufi Saint is mentioned by Ibn Battuta in his book The Travels of Ibn Battuta . The saint is said to be of Sufi Chishtiya order. The Annual Cultural Exhibition, popularly known as Numaish,

1392-450: The company initiated production of locks on a small scale here. Aligarh is famous for its brass hardware and sculptures. The city has many manufacturers, exporters, and suppliers involved in the brass, bronze, iron and aluminium industries. Indian Diecasting Industries which manufactures aluminium and zinc die-casting parts is located at Sasni Gate in Aligarh. Harduaganj Thermal Power Station (also referred as Kasimpur Power House )

1440-405: The eastern side of this place there is a waterfall. The water falls with great speed. The center of the pond has the main exiting of the waterfall. Raja Maan Singh has made a very little building. There is a lot of fish in the pond having a length of quarter yard. I stayed at this beautiful place for three days. I put the net in the pond and caught about 10 to 12 fish. These fish were again dropped in

1488-611: The existence of Grand Trunk road even before the Maurya Empire and was called Uttarapatha or the "Northern road". The road connected the eastern region of India with Central Asia , the terminus of the Khorasan Road . The precursor of the modern Grand Trunk road was built on the orders of the emperor Chandragupta Maurya and was inspired by the Persian Royal Road (more precisely, its eastern stretch,

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1536-678: The garden as a trustee of heaven and substitute for heaven's garden on earth. The Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb stayed at the garden in July 1676. The garden was badly damaged in the era of the Durrani Empire (1747–1826). After the annexation of the Punjab, the British Government handed over the gardens to Nawab Muhammad Hayat Khan , CSI, in 1865. Considering the historical importance of the gardens and their artistic construction,

1584-411: The lowest temperature of 1 °C. The fog and cold snaps are extreme. The city is an agricultural trade centre. Agricultural product processing and manufacturing are important. Aligarh is an important business center of Uttar Pradesh and is most famous for its lock industry. Aligarh locks are exported across the world. In 1870, Johnson & Co. was the first English lock firm in Aligarh. In 1890,

1632-526: The most celebrated fortresses of Hind". Beginning the 13th century, the place featured — as Kol or Koil — in multiple Persian (as well as non-Persian) Sultanate sources as a center of economic prominence, especially for production of distilled wine. By the mid-13th century, the town commanded enough importance for (would-be Sultan) Ghiyas ud din Balban to erect a minaret. Under the Khiljis and Tughlaqs,

1680-527: The path of the highways. The route was referred to as "Sadak-e-Azam" by Suri and "Badshahi Sadak" by the Mughals. In the 1830s the East India Company started a program of metalled road construction, for both commercial and administrative purposes. The road, now named the Grand Trunk Road, from Calcutta , through Delhi , to Kabul , Afghanistan was rebuilt at a cost of £1000/mile. The road

1728-640: The prominence continued unabated; it had become an iqta by the times of Alauddin Khalji . Kol is mentioned in Ibn Battuta 's Rihla , when Ibn Battuta, along with 15 ambassadors representing Ukhaantu Khan , emperor of the Mongol Chinese Yuan dynasty , travelled to Kol city en route to the coast at Cambay (in Gujarat ) in 1341. According to Battuta, it would appear that the district

1776-511: The sarai were provided food for free. His son Islam Shah Suri constructed an additional sarai in-between every sarai originally built by Sher Shah Suri on the road toward Bengal. More sarais were built under the Mughals . Jahangir under his reign issued a decree that all sarais be built of burnt brick and stone. Broad-leaved trees were planted in the stretch between Lahore and Agra and he built bridges over all water bodies that were situated on

1824-543: The trees that were there in Mughal days, repairs of the twelve-door structures, the bathrooms and waterfalls will be completed soon. Once completed, the gardens are expected to return to their former state. 33°48′4.67″N 72°42′3.74″E  /  33.8012972°N 72.7010389°E  / 33.8012972; 72.7010389 Grand Trunk Road The Grand Trunk Road (formerly known as Uttarapath , Sarak-e-Azam , Shah Rah-e-Azam , Badshahi Sarak , and Long Walk )

1872-401: The water after sewing pearls in their noses". The Emperor Shah Jahan stayed at Wah while on his way to Kabul in 1639. He called his central construction department and ordered the reconstruction of the buildings. Ahmed Maamar Lahoree, a famous architect of those days, planned out the gardens, palaces and inns. The construction was performed under his supervision and took two years. The garden

1920-522: Was 70.8%. The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes have a population of 138,184 and 332 respectively. There were 147,363 households in Aligarh as of 2011. The city lies in the cultural region of Braj . Languages in Aligarh (2011) Hindi is the most spoken language. Urdu is the second-largest language. Aligarh is located at the coordinates 27°53′N 78°05′E  /  27.88°N 78.08°E  / 27.88; 78.08 . It has an elevation of approximately 178 metres (587 feet). The city

1968-465: Was appointed the first Collector of the new district. Aligarh district is divided into five tehsils , namely Kol Tehsil , Khair Tehsil , Atrauli , Gabhana and Iglas . These tehsils are further divided into 12 blocks. The city is administered by Nagar Nigam Aligarh (Municipal Corporation), which is responsible for performing civic administrative functions administered by Mayor and Municipal Commissioner (PCS Officer). Infrastructure development of

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2016-412: Was built along an ancient route called Uttarapatha in the 3rd century BCE, extending it from the mouth of the Ganges to the north-western frontier of India. Further improvements to this road were made under Ashoka . The old route was re-aligned by Sher Shah Suri to Sonargaon and Rohtas . The Afghan end of the road was rebuilt under Mahmud Shah Durrani . The road was considerably rebuilt in

2064-641: Was established by Sir Syed Ahmed Khan as Madrasatul Uloom Musalmanan-e-Hind in 1875–78 which later became Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental College (MAO College). It was designed to train Muslims for government services in India and prepare them for advanced training in British universities. The Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental College became Aligarh Muslim University in 1920. It is famous for its Law, Medical, and Engineering courses. Ibn Sina Academy of Medieval Medicine and Sciences maintains 'Museum on History of Medicine and Sciences' and 'Museum on Arts, Culture and Orientalism'. It

2112-1112: Was established by a family Hakim Syed Zillur Rahman and Syed Ziaur Rahman at the heart of the city and near a busy market of Dodhpur. Aligarh Junction railway station is the primary station for Aligarh city and is a major stop on the Delhi-Kolkata route. It is an A-Class railway station. It is one of the oldest railway station of this route. It connects Aligarh to the states of West Bengal , Odisha , Bihar , Jharkhand , north-east and most of Uttar Pradesh, and important stations of cities such as New Delhi railway station , Mumbai Central , Kolkata , Bhopal Junction railway station , Indore , Jammu , Gwalior , Lucknow , Jhansi , Puri , Kanpur Central railway station , Etawah Junction railway station , Tundla Junction railway station , Agra Cantonment railway station and Varanasi . Aligarh railway station handles over 136 trains daily (in both directions) and serves around 204,000 passengers every day. Aligarh has one Branch Railway Line to Bareily. Aligarh City has following railway stations: Aligarh

2160-678: Was fought on 1 September 1803 during the Second Anglo-Maratha War (1803–1805) at Aligarh Fort . The British 76th Regiment , now known as the Duke of Wellington's Regiment besieged the fort, which was under the control of the French officer Perron , and established British rule. In 1804, the Aligarh district was formed by the union of the second, third and fourth British divisions with the addition of Anupshahr from Muradabad and Sikandra Rao from Etawa. On 1 August 1804, Claude Russell

2208-564: Was made in the Mughal construction style. He made beautiful twelve door structures, canals and waterfalls. He made bathrooms having mixture of cold and hot water at the southern end of these twelve-door structures. The inner portion of the structures has been plastered. The walls of the smaller rooms have been decorated with flowers and petals. Shah Jahan stayed at the gardens on his trips to Kabul four times after their completion: in 1646, 1647, 1649, and 1654. Contemporaries of Shah Jahan, namely Abdul Hameed Lahoree and Muhammad Saleh Kamboh, declared

2256-455: Was then in a very disturbed state since the escort of the Emperor's embassy had to assist in relieving Jalali from an attacking body of Hindus and lost an officer in the fight. Ibn Batuta calls Kol "a fine town surrounded by mango groves". From these same groves the environs of Kol would appear to have acquired the name Sabzabad or "the green country". In the reign of Akbar , Kol was made

2304-400: Was then the governor of this region, rebuilt the old Lodhi fort and named the town Sabitgarh, after himself. The ruler of Koil was Bargujar King Bahadur Singh who, in 1753, rose against the destruction of Hindu temples. The Jat ruler, Surajmal , with consent of Safdar Jang , occupied the fort of Koil. Bahadur Singh continued the battle from another fort and died fighting in what is known as

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