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41-788: The highest peak in the range is Eagle Peak with an elevation of 9,892 feet (3,015 m). The range is part of the Modoc National Forest in California and Fremont National Forest in Oregon. The southern portion of the range includes Eagle Peak and Warren Peak , within the South Warner Wilderness . The Warner Range is not part of the Sierra Nevada range or the Cascade Range , but part of

82-493: A Japanese American internment camp. Tule Lake War Relocation Center was the site of temporary exile for thousands of Japanese-American citizens, who lost most of their businesses and properties where they had formerly lived in coastal areas. A historical marker marks the site along California State Route 139 in Newell. Tule Lake was the largest of the "segregation camps." On November 8, 2005, Senator Dianne Feinstein called for

123-450: A household in the county was $ 27,522, and the median income for a family was $ 35,978. Males had a median income of $ 30,538 versus $ 23,438 for females. The per capita income for the county was $ 17,285. About 16.4% of families and 21.5% of the population were below the poverty line , including 29.7% of those under age 18 and 8.6% of those age 65 or over. Modoc County has the lowest median household income of any county in California. In 2005,

164-512: A population of 9,686. The racial makeup of Modoc County was 8,084 (83.5%) White , 82 (0.8%) African American , 370 (3.8%) Native American , 78 (0.8%) Asian , 21 (0.2%) Pacific Islander , 680 (7.0%) from other races , and 371 (3.8%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1,342 persons (13.9%). Federally, Modoc County is in California's 1st congressional district , represented by Republican Doug LaMalfa . In

205-538: Is land, with 286 square miles (740 km ) (6.8%) water. There are 2.25 persons per square mile, making Modoc one of the least-populated counties in the state of California. In terms of its county lines, Modoc is one of the only nearly- rectangular counties in California; a slight deviation occurs around the Tule Lake National Wildlife Refuge . Geologically , Modoc County is quite unique. The area's tumultuous seismic past has set

246-466: Is the highest point in the Warner Mountains and Modoc County. Much of the precipitation that falls on Eagle Peak is snow due to the high elevation of the mountain. This Modoc County, California -related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Modoc County, California Modoc County ( / ˈ m oʊ d ɒ k / ) is a county located in

287-474: Is the massive Glass Mountain , another ancient lava flow . The southwestern quadrant of the county is a unique ecosystem of isolated hardwoods (oaks) and volcanic mountains with intermountain river valleys. The northern half of the county is primarily the Modoc Plateau , a 1-mile-high (1.6 km) expanse of lava flows, cinder cones , Juniper flats, pine forests and seasonal lakes , including

328-762: The California – Nevada border, and the Warner Lakes ( Crump and Hart lakes) in Oregon. The western side of the range overlooks a ranching and farming region drained by the forks of the Pit River , a tributary of the Sacramento River . Goose Lake is a 28-mile (45 km) long closed-basin lake located in the Goose Lake Valley along the west side of the range, straddling the California–;Oregon border. Goose Lake drained into

369-700: The Great Basin Ranges. It is in the semi-arid, sparsely-populated northeastern corner of California and the south-central portion of Oregon. The range is a classic example of horst and graben (fault-block) topography with pluvial (ephemeral) lakes occupying the graben basins. The eastern escarpment of the range overlooks the Surprise Valley in California and Warner Valley in Oregon, enclosed basins that contain Upper Alkali Lake , Middle Alkali Lake , and Lower Alkali Lake along

410-669: The Oregon Trail and south to trails leading into California's central valley. Early settlers included the Dorris, Belli, Essex, Scherer, Trumbo, Flournoy, Polander, Rice and Campbell families. Modoc County was formed when Governor Newton Booth signed an Act of the California Legislature on February 17, 1874, after residents of the Surprise Valley region lobbied for the creation of a new county from eastern Siskiyou County land. The county residents considered naming

451-544: The U.S. Army Corps of Topographical Engineers , who was killed in the range by Native Americans on September 26, 1849, while exploring a route for potential railroad crossings of the Sierra Nevada. His remains were never found and his name appeared on maps of the range in 1866. Camp Warner was established in the northern portion of the Warner Range in Oregon in 1867 by General George Crook to "pacify"

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492-613: The United States Forest Service , Bureau of Land Management , National Park Service , Bureau of Indian Affairs , and the United States Fish and Wildlife Service , have employees assigned to the area, and their operations are a significant part of its economy and services. The county's official slogans include "The last best place" and "Where the West still lives". Prior to the arrival of Europeans in

533-765: The Willamette Valley in Oregon and the gold fields of California . After reaching Goose Lake, the emigrant trains often split, with some continuing to the Willamette Valley and others continuing to the gold fields. A gold-mining rush occurred in the Warner Mountains in 1912. A number of mines were developed briefly in what was known as the High Grade Mining District just adjacent to the Oregon border in Modoc County, California. Great quantities of lumber were removed from

574-1047: The alkaline waters of Goose Lake . Nearly 1 million acres (4,000 km ) of the Modoc National Forest lie on the plateau between Medicine Lake, to the west, and the Warner Mountains , to the east. A great diversity of plants are found in Modoc County. As it is situated within the biodiverse California Floristic Province , many native trees are found in the county, including Garry oak ( Quercus garryana ) and Washoe pine ( Pinus washoensis ). Pinus jeffreyi and P. ponderosa (the Jeffrey and ponderosa pines, respectively) are also found in substantial groves. The rich plant life supports substantial populations of mule deer ( Odocoileus hemionus ), Rocky Mountain elk ( Cervus canadensis ) and pronghorn ( Antilocapra americana ), as well as several herds of wild horses ( Equus ferus ). Clear Lake National Wildlife Refuge and Long Bell State Game Refuge are located on

615-740: The lava tubes , 52 Modoc warriors held off hundreds of US Army forces, who called in artillery to help. Peace talks in 1873 stalled when the Modoc wanted their own reservation in California. Warriors urged killing the peace commissioners, thinking the Americans would then leave, and Captain Jack and others shot and killed General Edward Canby and Rev. Eleazer Thomas, as well as wounding others. More Army troops were called in to lay siege to Captain Jack's Stronghold. Dissension arose, and some Modoc surrendered. Finally, most were captured, and those responsible for

656-528: The state legislature Modoc is in the 1st Senate District , represented by Republican Brian Dahle , and the 1st Assembly District , represented by Republican Megan Dahle . For much of the 20th century, Modoc County was a bellwether county for statewide elections in California, voting for the statewide winner in every election between 1912 and 1990 with the exception of Jerry Brown 's 2 statewide victories (the county's dislike of Brown attributable to his environmental policies negatively affecting

697-570: The 120th meridian to be west of their valley, placing them in Utah territory, and attempted to secede and form a territory they called Nataqua . Nataqua would have included Modoc County. In 1858, the Territory of Nevada , with its capital now in Carson City, seceded from Utah, and assumed jurisdiction to the summit of the Sierra Nevada until the 120th meridian was surveyed in 1863. After Nevada

738-430: The 120th meridian, the eastern boundary of northern California was a subject of contention before Modoc County formed. The Territory of Utah requested jurisdiction to the summit of the Sierra Nevada . At the time, the Warner Mountains were believed to be a part of the Sierra Nevada, so this would have included Surprise Valley , but California denied the request. In 1856, the residents of Honey Lake Valley reckoned

779-530: The American John C. Frémont and his traveling party (including Kit Carson ) in 1846, who had departed from Sutter's Fort near the confluence of the American and Sacramento Rivers (where Sacramento stands today). The northern boundary of California, and eventually Modoc County, had been established as the 42nd parallel since the time of Mexican possession. In the absence of a reliable survey of

820-515: The Indians. The post was abandoned in 1874. Crook Peak, elevation 7,834 feet (2,388 m) in the Warner Range near Camp Warner, is named after Crook. Eagle Peak (Modoc County, California) Eagle Peak is located in the Warner Mountains in Modoc County , California , United States. The area is protected in the South Warner Wilderness on the Modoc National Forest . The summit

861-672: The Klamath, Modoc and Yahooskin band of the Shoshone signed a treaty ceding lands in both Oregon and California, and the tribes were colocated on the Klamath Reservation. Harassed by the Klamath, traditional competitors, a band of Modoc led by Captain Jack returned to California and the Tule Lake area. The Modoc War or Lava Beds War of 1872-73 brought nationwide attention to the Modoc. From strong defensive positions in

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902-627: The Pit River only twice in recorded history: in 1868 and 1881. The lake dried up in 1926 and from 1929 to 1934. Here is climate data gathered from Dismal Swamp near the California-Oregon border at around 7300 feet which shows typical climate patterns that are common for the region. The Fandango Pass in the Warner Mountains was on the Lassen-Applegate Trail used by emigrants from 1846 to 1850 as an alternate route to

943-533: The Proposition with 75.4% of the vote. In the 2021 California gubernatorial recall election , Modoc and neighboring Lassen County voted the most strongly in favor of recalling Newsom of any counties in the state. On September 24, 2013, the Modoc County Board of Supervisors voted 4–0 in favor of secession from California to form a proposed state named Jefferson . The following table includes

984-566: The Warner Mountains beginning as early as 1920. Ponderosa pine logs were used to supply active sawmills and box factories at Lakeview, Oregon; Alturas, California; and Willow Ranch, California. The sawmill and box factory at Willow Ranch near the Oregon–California border was a company town with a population over 1,000 during the 1930s and 1940s. The operation closed in 1958. The range was named after explorer Captain William H. Warner , of

1025-616: The assassinations were tried and executed. More than 150 Modoc were transported to Indian Territory as prisoners of war. The area has since been designated the Lava Beds National Monument . Settlement of the county began in earnest in the 1870s, with the timber, gold, agriculture, and railroad industries bringing most of the settlers into the area. The county was a crossroads for the Lassen Applegate Trail , which brought settlers north from Nevada to

1066-483: The bottom of the Pit River watershed that flows through the county. The Pit River's northern and southern forks come together just south of Alturas; the river collects hundreds of other small creeks on its trajectory south towards Shasta Lake , where it joins the Sacramento River and ultimately drains into San Francisco Bay . The eastern edge of the county is dominated by the Warner Mountains. The Pit River originates in this mountain range. Hundreds of alpine lakes dot

1107-568: The camp to be designated a National Historic Landmark . In December 2008 President George W. Bush designated it one of nine sites to be part of the new World War II Valor in the Pacific National Monument , now the Tule Lake National Monument . According to the U.S. Census Bureau , Modoc County spans a total area of 4,203 square miles (10,890 km ), of which 3,918 square miles (10,150 km )

1148-513: The county seat when Modoc County formed that year, although both Adin and Cedarville were larger towns. In 1876, it was renamed Alturas, Spanish for "The Heights". The 1880 census showed a population of 148. Settlement continued for the next 20 years, until the city was officially incorporated on September 16, 1901 (the county's only incorporated city). During World War II , the US government developed several thousand acres just south of Newell as

1189-656: The county's logging industry). Recently, though, Modoc County has trended Republican, becoming one of the most conservative counties in the state. On November 4, 2008, Modoc County delivered the most lopsided vote in favor of John McCain of any county in California, with 67.4% of voters opting for the Republican. The county also voted 74.2% in favor of Proposition 8 which amended the California Constitution to ban same-sex marriages; only Kern and Tulare counties voted in higher proportion, both opting for

1230-409: The county. The population density was 2 people per square mile (0.77 people/km ). There were 4,807 housing units at an average density of 1 units per square mile (0.39 units/km ). The racial makeup of the county was 85.9% White , 0.7% Black or African American , 4.2% American Indian , 0.6% Asian , 0.1% Pacific Islander , 5.7% from other races , and 2.8% from two or more races. 11.5% of

1271-441: The far northeast corner of the U.S. state of California . Its population is 8,700 as of the 2020 census, down from 9,686 from the 2010 census. This makes it California's third-least-populous county. The county seat and only incorporated city is Alturas . Previous County seats include Lake City and Centerville . The county borders Nevada and Oregon . Much of Modoc County is federal land . Several federal agencies, including

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1312-596: The median home price reached $ 100,000 for the first time ever, over a 40% increase since 2000. Much of this can be traced to an influx of residents from other parts of the state, who find the housing bargains attractive. Some of these are retirees who have sold their houses for large profits in other parts of the state, using the proceeds to live on, while others are remote workers . This sudden rise in housing prices become unaffordable for locals, who find themselves unable to purchase homes given their limited incomes. The 2010 United States Census reported that Modoc County had

1353-422: The newly formed county after Canby, whom the Modoc had killed the previous year in an ambush at peace talks. The name Summit was also considered, but the populace eventually settled on Modoc. The war was over and 153 of Captain Jack's band had been transported to Indian Territory as prisoners. The Dorris Bridge post office opened in 1871 and was renamed Dorrisville in 1874. Due to its central location, it became

1394-810: The number of incidents reported and the rate per 1,000 persons for each type of offense: Additionally, the eastern Modoc County communities of Eagleville , Cedarville , Lake City , and Fort Bidwell are connected via Surprise Valley Road, which runs from the southern county line to the Oregon border. The Sage Stage is a dial-a-ride service providing trips within Modoc County. It also provides service to Klamath Falls, Oregon and Reno, Nevada , as well as connections to and from Reno International Airport , outside of Door D. There are general aviation airports near Alturas ( Alturas Municipal Airport and California Pines Airport ). Other airports include Cedarville Airport , Eagleville Airport , Fort Bidwell Airport , and Tulelake Municipal Airport . The closest major airport

1435-555: The plateau, as well. The Lost River , which later drains into the Klamath River basin, drains the northern part of the plateau; southern watersheds either collect in basin reservoirs or flow into the Big Sage Reservoir , in the center of the county (which later flows into the Pit River ). Below the rim of the plateau, in the extreme southwest corner of the county, are Big Valley and Warm Springs Valley, which form

1476-559: The population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. The largest ethnicity/ancestry groups in Modoc county include: 15% English , 14% Irish and 13% German of whom 90.4% spoke English and 8.8% Spanish as their first language. There were 3,784 households, out of which 29.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.6% were married couples living together, 8.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.6% were non-families. 28.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.7% had someone living alone who

1517-493: The range, all of which are fed by snowmelt and natural springs. East of the Warner Range is Surprise Valley and the western edge of the Great Basin . Hot springs and lava caves are unique to Modoc County. There is potential for some geothermal energy resources in the county, though the viability is highly variable. As of the census of 2000, there were 9,449 people, 3,784 households, and 2,550 families residing in

1558-649: The region, varying cultures of Native Americans inhabited the county for thousands of years. At the time of European encounter, the Modoc people lived in what is now northern California, near Lost River and Tule Lake . The county was named after them. The Achomawi (or Pit River Indians, for which the Pit River is named), and the Paiute also lived in the area. To the north were the Klamath in present-day Oregon. The first European explorers to visit Modoc County were

1599-469: The stage for a productive, diverse regional ecology today; a rich soil composition, largely created by ancient volcanoes dispersing vast amounts of minerals , stands out from the typically bland, clay-heavy terrain common in the American west. To the northwest of the county lies Medicine Lake —the largest shield volcano on the U.S. West Coast —and Lava Beds National Monument . In west Modoc County

1640-450: Was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.39 and the average family size was 2.91. In the county, the population was spread out, with 25.6% under the age of 18, 5.7% from 18 to 24, 23.3% from 25 to 44, 27.7% from 45 to 64, and 17.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.7 males. The median income for

1681-410: Was granted statehood in 1864, the region of current Modoc County was placed within jurisdiction of Shasta County, California , and Siskiyou County was, in turn, generated from Shasta County in 1852. Increasing traffic on the emigrant trail, unprovoked militia raids on innocent Modoc, and a cycle of retaliatory raids increased a cycle of violence between settlers and the tribes in the area. In 1864,

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