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70-713: The first draft of WOFF 1 was published in 2009 by Jonathan Kew, Tal Leming, and Erik van Blokland , with reference conversion code written by Jonathan Kew. Following the submission of WOFF to the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) by the Mozilla Foundation , Opera Software and Microsoft in April 2010, the W3C commented that it expected WOFF to soon become the "single, interoperable [font] format" supported by all browsers. The W3C published WOFF as

140-580: A working draft in July 2010. The final draft was published as a W3C Recommendation on 13 December 2012. WOFF 2.0, with reference code provided by Google, has an improved compression scheme, using Brotli for byte-level compression, and became a W3C Recommendation in March 2018. Each version of the format has received the backing of many type foundries . WOFF is a wrapper containing SFNT -based fonts ( TrueType or OpenType ) that have been compressed using

210-727: A 17,000 sq ft (1,600 m ) lot at 53 West 53rd Street west of its existing building, sold it to developer Gerald D. Hines for $ 125 million in January 2007. Hines planned to build a skyscraper called Tower Verre on the site. Work on the tower was delayed because of a lack of funding following the Great Recession . In 2010, MoMA completed its merger with the P.S. 1 Contemporary Art Center in Long Island City, New York , formally renaming it as MoMA PS1 . In 2011, MoMA acquired an adjacent building that housed

280-413: A WOFF-specific encoding tool so they can be embedded in a Web page. WOFF Version 1 uses the widely available zlib compression (specifically, the compress2 function), typically resulting in a file size reduction for TrueType files of over 40%. Since OpenType CFF files (with PostScript glyph outlines) are already compressed, their reduction is typically smaller. Major web browsers support WOFF: WOFF 2.0

350-694: A capacity audience on April 23, 1974), various TV commercials, and Chris Cunningham 's music video for Björk 's All Is Full of Love . The MoMA library is located in Midtown Manhattan, with offsite storage in Long Island City, Queens. The noncirculating collection documents modern and contemporary art, including painting, sculpture, prints, photography, film, performance, and architecture from 1880–present. The collection includes 300,000 books, 1,000 periodicals, and 40,000 files about artists and artistic groups. Over 11,000 artist books are in

420-515: A casual, snapshot-like look and subject matter so apparently ordinary that it was hard to categorize". Under Szarkowski, it focused on a more traditionally modernist approach to the medium, one that emphasized documentary images and orthodox darkroom techniques. Peter Galassi (curator 1991–2011) worked under his predecessor, whereas Quentin Bajac (curator 2013–2018) was hired from the outside. The current David Dechman Senior Curator of Photography

490-523: A feature called "contextual alternates" to swap out the basic set of letters with pre-randomized alternative letters, when certain letter combinations occur in context, from a pool of over 90.000 alternate letters. LTR Beowolf was one of 23 typefaces in the MoMA Architecture and Design Collection's first type acquisition in 2011. Each typeface in the group was selected as a "milestone in the history of typography". The typefaces were exhibited at

560-605: A letter was printed. The typeface "expanded the possibilities of typography", introducing Generative design to type. It was published under the name FF Beowolf, the first typeface in the FontFont library . The specifications of printer drivers were updated in time to curtail "aberrations", so in the end FF Beowulf stopped working. Later versions of the typeface do not include the random feature that made it famous, as current font technology does not support programming features within typefaces, for security reasons. Instead they use

630-410: A major fire in 1958, which destroyed a painting by Claude Monet and led to the evacuation of other artworks. The museum's architectural evolution also continued, with a redesign of the sculpture garden by Philip Johnson and relocation to its current home designed by Philip L. Goodwin and Edward Durell Stone , which opened in 1939. In later decades, the controversial decision to withdraw funding from

700-560: A new annex designed by Diller Scofidio + Renfro, and in the existing building, as well as expanded lobbies. In June 2017, the first phase of the $ 450 million expansion was completed. Spread over three floors of the art mecca off Fifth Avenue are 15,000 square-feet (about 1,400 m ) of reconfigured galleries, a new, second gift shop, a redesigned cafe and espresso bar, and facing the sculpture garden, two lounges graced with black marble quarried in France. The museum expansion project increased

770-480: A retrospective of Pablo Picasso 's works organized in 1939–40 and the "Indian Art of the United States" exhibition in 1941. Abby Rockefeller's son, Nelson , became the museum's president in 1939, playing a key role in its expansion and publicity. His brother, David Rockefeller , joined the board in 1948 and continued the family's close association with the museum. Significant events during this period included

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840-402: A significant renovation, nearly doubled MoMA's space for exhibitions and programs. The 2000s saw the formal merger with the P.S. 1 Contemporary Art Center , and in 2019, another major renovation added significant gallery space. In 2022, MoMA was the 17th most-visited art museum in the world and the 4th most-visited museum in the United States. MoMA's collection spans the late 19th-century to

910-446: A spiky appearance. The two designers, van Blokland and Just van Rossum, discovered that PostScript 1 format typeface files contained code that they could edit directly, adding randomization points to the line positioning points that usually make up such a file. It is thought to be the first dynamically generated typeface, which modified letterforms on the fly. It used a randomizing algorithm to generate different letter forms each time

980-452: Is font/woff for WOFF 1.0 and font/woff2 for WOFF 2.0. Prior to February 2017, the standard MIME type for WOFF 1.0 was application/font-woff , and some applications may still use the old type, though it is now deprecated. Erik van Blokland Erik van Blokland (born 29 August 1967 in Gouda ) is a Dutch typeface designer, educator and computer programmer. He is the head of

1050-463: Is Roxana Marcoci, PhD. In 1932, museum founding director Alfred Barr stressed the importance of introducing "the only great art form peculiar to the 20th century" to "the American public which should appreciate good films and support them". Museum Trustee and film producer John Hay Whitney became the first chairman of the museum's Film Library from 1935 to 1951. The collection Whitney assembled with

1120-530: Is organized around six curatorial departments: Architecture and Design, Drawings and Prints, Film, Media and Performance, Painting and Sculpture, and Photography. The MoMA's holdings include more than 150,000 individual pieces in addition to roughly 22,000 films and 4 million film stills. (Access to the collection of film stills ended in 2002, and the collection is stored in a vault in Hamlin, Pennsylvania . ). The collection houses such important and familiar works as

1190-479: Is regarded as one of the most important in the world. The Department of Photography was founded by Beaumont Newhall in 1940 and developed a world-renowned art photography collection under Edward Steichen (curator 1947–1961). Steichen's most notable and lasting exhibit, named The Family of Man , was seen by 9 million people. In 2003, the Family of Man photographic collection was added to UNESCO 's Memory of

1260-464: Is supported in: Some browsers enforce a same-origin policy , preventing WOFF fonts from being used across different domains. This restriction is part of the CSS 3 Fonts module, where it applies to all font formats and can be overridden by the server providing the font. Some servers may require the manual addition of WOFF's MIME type to serve the files correctly. Since February 2017, the proper MIME type

1330-715: Is the co-author of Unified Font Object (UFO), the open, XML based file format for font data. He co-authored WOFF, the Web Open Font Format . He developed the RoboFab type design extensions for Python with Just van Rossum and Tal Leming . He's the author of Superpolator, the application for interpolating font styles. MoMA The Museum of Modern Art ( MoMA ) is an art museum located in Midtown Manhattan , New York City, on 53rd Street between Fifth and Sixth Avenues . The institution

1400-836: Is to help expand the collection and display of work by women, Latinos, Blacks, Asians, and other marginalized communities. In connection with the renovation, MoMA shifted its approach to presenting its holdings, moving away from separating the collection by disciplines such as painting, design, and works on paper toward an integrated chronological presentation that encompasses all areas of the collection. The Museum of Modern Art closed for another round of major renovations from June to October 2019. Upon reopening on October 21, 2019, MoMA added 47,000 square feet (4,400 m ) of gallery space, bringing its total floor area to 708,000 square feet (65,800 m ). The MoMA occasionally has sponsored and hosted temporary exhibition houses, which have reflected seminal ideas in architectural history. The MoMA

1470-644: The American Folk Art Museum on West 53rd Street. The building had been completed in 2001 to designs by Tod Williams Billie Tsien Architects and was sold in connection with a financial restructuring of the Folk Art Museum. In January 2014, MoMA decided to raze the American Folk Art Museum, which was between MoMA's existing structure and the proposed tower at 53 West 53rd Street. The architectural community protested

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1540-663: The My Lai Massacre . The MoMA had promised to fund and circulate the poster, but after seeing the 2-by-3-foot (0.61 m × 0.91 m) poster, MoMA pulled financing for the project at the last minute. MoMA's board of trustees included Nelson Rockefeller and William S. Paley (head of CBS), who reportedly "hit the ceiling" on seeing the proofs of the poster. The poster was included shortly thereafter in MoMA's Information exhibition of July 2 to September 20, 1970, curated by Kynaston McShine. In 1971, after protests outside

1610-699: The Rockefeller Guest House at 242 East 52nd Street was completed in 1950, some MoMA functions were held in the house until 1964. In 1937, MoMA had shifted to offices and basement galleries in the Time-Life Building in Rockefeller Center . Its permanent and current home, now renovated, designed in the International Style by the modernist architects Philip L. Goodwin and Edward Durell Stone , opened to

1680-589: The Standard Deviations exhibition in March of the same year. Following Beowulf, the design duo discovered that they could create previously unseen typefaces that evoked the printed look of amateur letter tools like stamps, typewriters, name tag makers and other household items. By combining a scanner, and recently available computer programs, such as image vector tracing software, Photoshop, Illustrator and early type design program Fontographer, they could create much more complex typefaces by automating

1750-623: The 4th most-visited museum in the United States , and the third most-visited U.S. art museum. This attendance was 89 percent higher than in 2021, but still well below the pre-COVID attendance in 2019. The idea for the Museum of Modern Art was developed in 1929 primarily by Abby Aldrich Rockefeller , wife of John D. Rockefeller Jr. , and two of her friends, Lillie P. Bliss and Mary Quinn Sullivan . They became known variously as "the Ladies" or "the adamantine ladies". They rented modest quarters for

1820-813: The German Film (1947), traces the birth of Nazism from the cinema of the Weimar Republic and helped lay the foundation of modern film criticism . Under the Museum of Modern Art Department of Film , the film collection includes more than 25,000 titles and ranks as one of the world's finest museum archives of international film art. The department owns prints of many familiar feature-length movies, including Citizen Kane and Vertigo , but its holdings also contains many less-traditional pieces, including Andy Warhol 's eight-hour Empire , Fred Halsted 's gay pornographic L.A. Plays Itself (screened before

1890-582: The MoMA was at the center of a controversy over its decision to withdraw funding from the iconic antiwar poster And Babies . In 1969, the Art Workers Coalition , a group of New York City artists who opposed the Vietnam War , in collaboration with Museum of Modern Art members Arthur Drexler and Elizabeth Shaw, created an iconic protest poster called And babies . The poster uses an image by photojournalist Ronald L. Haeberle and references

1960-796: The Type Media Master of Design program in Typeface Design at the Royal Academy of Art, The Hague in the Netherlands. Letterror is the name of the collaborative efforts of Erik van Blokland and Just van Rossum. While studying at Royal Academy of Art, The Hague , the two were introduced by the school's professor of Type Design, Gerrit Noordzij , who "knew they shared an enthusiasm for computers and programming". Their collaboration started in earnest in Berlin in 1989 around

2030-505: The World Register in recognition of its historical value. Steichen's hand-picked successor, John Szarkowski (curator 1962–1991), guided the department with several notable exhibitions, including 1967s New Documents that presented photographs by Diane Arbus , Lee Friedlander , and Garry Winogrand and is said to have "represented a shift in emphasis" and "identified a new direction in photography: pictures that seemed to have

2100-543: The adjacent Museum Tower, and mechanical spaces and equipment within the tower were added or relocated. MoMA reopened on November 20, 2004. The renovation received mixed reception. John Updike wrote in The New Yorker that the new structure "has the enchantment of a bank after hours, of a honeycomb emptied of honey and flooded with a soft glow", while Roberta Smith of The New York Times said MoMA had an "overly refined building, whose poor layout shortchanges

2170-505: The antiwar poster " And Babies " in 1969, and the subsequent protests, highlighted the museum's involvement in contemporary sociopolitical issues. It was also among several institutions to aid the CIA in its efforts to engage in cultural propaganda during the Cold War . Major expansions in the 1980s and the early 21st century, including the selection of Japanese architect Yoshio Taniguchi for

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2240-490: The associate director and curator of prints and drawings at the Fogg Museum at Harvard University , was referred to in those days as a "collector of curators". Goodyear asked him to recommend a director, and Sachs suggested Alfred H. Barr Jr. , a promising young protégé . Under Barr's guidance, the museum's holdings quickly expanded from an initial gift of eight prints and one drawing. Its first successful loan exhibition

2310-500: The co-operation of The Eames Office for House Industries and LTR Federal , a highly intricate interpretation of the typography of bank notes, based on a study of siderography - the steel engraving process used for currency and old fashioned stocks. Later works include Action Condensed , which the NBA used for a redesign of their logo and graphic identity. Erik has made several contributions to programming related to type design. He

2380-455: The collection. The libraries are open by appointment to all researchers. The library's catalog is called "Dadabase". Dadabase includes records for all of the material in the library, including books, artist books , exhibition catalogs , special collections materials, and electronic resources. The MoMA's collection of artist books includes works by Ed Ruscha , Marcel Broodthaers , Susan Bee , Carl Andre , and David Horvitz . Additionally,

2450-612: The design project for the expansion. Despite these expansion projects, MoMA's physical space had never been able to accommodate its growing collection. On June 14, 1984 the Women Artists Visibility Event (W.A.V.E.), a demonstration of 400 women artists, was held in front of the newly renovated Museum of Modern Art to protest the lack of female representation in its opening exhibition, "An International Survey of Recent Painting and Sculpture". The exhibition featured 165 artists; only 14 of those were women. By

2520-687: The end of the 20th century, MoMA had 100,000 objects in its collection, an increase from the 40,000 items it had in 1970. After the Dorset Hotel adjacent to the museum was placed for sale in 1996, MoMA quickly purchased it. The next year, the museum began planning a major renovation and expansion, selecting Japanese architect Yoshio Taniguchi in December 1997. The project nearly doubled the space for MoMA's exhibitions and programs, and features 630,000 square feet (59,000 m ) of space. Taniguchi's initial plan called for two structures, one each to

2590-499: The film library was Iris Barry , a British film critic and author whose three decades of work in collecting films and presenting them in artistic and historical contexts gained recognition for the cinema. Barry and her successors built a collection comprising some 8000 titles. Exiled film scholar Siegfried Kracauer worked at the MoMA film archive on a psychological history of German film between 1941 and 1943. The result of his study, From Caligari to Hitler: A Psychological History of

2660-837: The following: It also holds works by a wide range of influential European and American artists including Auguste Rodin , Henri Matisse , Pablo Picasso , Georges Braque , Joan Miró , Aristide Maillol , Piet Mondrian , Marcel Duchamp , Paul Klee , Fernand Léger , René Magritte , Henry Moore , Alberto Giacometti , Georgia O'Keeffe , Edward Hopper , Walker Evans , Dorothea Lange , Arshile Gorky , Hans Hofmann , Franz Kline , Willem de Kooning , Jackson Pollock , Mark Rothko , David Smith , Helen Frankenthaler , Morris Louis , Kenneth Noland , Robert Rauschenberg , Frank Stella , Andy Warhol , Roy Lichtenstein , Jean-Michel Basquiat and hundreds of others. The MoMA photography collection consists of over 25,000 works by photographers, journalists, scientists, entrepreneurs, and amateurs, and

2730-459: The help of film curator Iris Barry was so successful that in 1937 the Academy of Motion Pictures Arts and Sciences commended the museum with an award "for its significant work in collecting films ... and for the first time making available to the public the means of studying the historical and aesthetic development of the motion picture as one of the major arts". The first curator and founder of

2800-461: The hugely successful and now famous Picasso retrospective of 1939–40, held in conjunction with the Art Institute of Chicago . In its range of presented works, it represented a significant reinterpretation of Picasso for future art scholars and historians. This was wholly masterminded by Barr, a Picasso enthusiast, and the exhibition lionized Picasso as the greatest artist of the time, setting

2870-450: The institution's labor union, founded in 1971, has been described as the first of its kind in the U.S. The MoMA Library includes about 300,000 books and exhibition catalogs, more than 1,000 periodical titles and more than 40,000 files of ephemera about individual artists and groups. The archives hold primary source material related to the history of modern and contemporary art. The museum attracted 2,190,440 visitors in 2022, making it

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2940-505: The library has subscription electronic resources along with Dadabase. These include journal databases (such as JSTOR and Art Full Text), auction results indexes (ArtFact and Artnet ), the ARTstor image database, and WorldCat union catalog. MoMA's Department of Architecture and Design was founded in 1932 as the first museum department in the world dedicated to the intersection of architecture and design. The department's first director

3010-473: The lone Vincent van Gogh exhibition on November 4, 1935. Containing an unprecedented 66 oils and 50 drawings from the Netherlands , as well as poignant excerpts from the artist's letters, it was a major public success due to Barr's arrangement of the exhibit, and became "a precursor to the hold van Gogh has to this day on the contemporary imagination". The museum also gained international prominence with

3080-510: The model for all the museum's retrospectives that were to follow. Boy Leading a Horse was briefly contested over ownership by the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum . In 1941, MoMA hosted the ground-breaking exhibition, " Indian Art of the United States ", curated by Frederic Huntington Douglas and Rene d'Harnoncourt , that changed the way Native American arts were viewed by the public and exhibited in art museums. Abby Rockefeller's son Nelson

3150-441: The museum (as well as to modern art itself) and refused to release funds for the venture, which had to be obtained from other sources and resulted in the frequent shifts of location. Nevertheless, he eventually donated the land for the current site of the museum, plus other gifts over time, and thus became in effect one of its greatest benefactors. During that time, the museum initiated many more exhibitions of noted artists, such as

3220-600: The museum garden, and named it in honor of his mother, the Abby Aldrich Rockefeller Sculpture Garden . The Rockefeller family and he have retained a close association with the museum throughout its history, with the Rockefeller Brothers Fund funding the institution since 1947. Both David Rockefeller Jr. and Sharon Percy Rockefeller (wife of former senator Jay Rockefeller ) sit on the board of trustees. After

3290-438: The museum meant to spur inclusion of African Americans Richard Hunt was the first African American sculptor to have a major solo retrospective at the museum. In 1983, the museum more than doubled its gallery space, increased the curatorial department by 30%, and added an auditorium, two restaurants, and a bookstore in conjunction with the construction of the 56-story Museum Tower adjoining the museum. Architect César Pelli led

3360-507: The museum's collection rapidly expanded, beginning with an inaugural exhibition of works by European modernists. Despite financial challenges, including opposition from John D. Rockefeller Jr. , the museum moved to several temporary locations in its early years, and John D. Rockefeller Jr. eventually donated the land for its permanent site. From the 1930s through the 1950s, MoMA gained international recognition with landmark exhibitions, such as Barr's influential "Cubism and Abstract Art" in 1936,

3430-716: The new museum in the Heckscher Building at 730 Fifth Avenue in Manhattan, and it opened to the public on November 7, 1929, nine days after the Wall Street Crash . Abby Rockefeller had invited A. Conger Goodyear , the former president of the board of trustees of the Albright Art Gallery in Buffalo, New York , to become president of the new museum. Abby became treasurer. At the time, it

3500-402: The next month, MoMA relocated its public-facing operations to a temporary facility called MoMA QNS in Long Island City , Queens. The overall project, including an increase in MoMA's endowment to cover operating expenses, cost $ 858 million in total; the renovation of the Midtown Manhattan building alone cost $ 425 million. During the project, new gallery space was added on the first floor of

3570-421: The planned demolition in part because that building was relatively new, having been completed in 2001. MoMA decided to proceed with the demolition because the American Folk Art Museum was in the way of MoMA's planned expansion, which included exhibition space within 53 West 53rd Street. The tower, designed by Jean Nouvel and called 53W53 , received construction approval in 2014. Around the same time as 53W53

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3640-644: The present, and includes over 200,000 works of architecture and design , drawing , painting , sculpture , photography , prints , illustrated and artist's books , film , as well as electronic media . The museum is considered one of the most influential cultural institutions globally devoted to modern and contemporary art . At the same time, MoMA has long faced criticism for developing and perpetuating Eurocentric narratives of modernism and for its insufficient focus on expanding access to socioeconomically underprivileged groups. The museum has been involved in controversies regarding its labor practices, and

3710-435: The process, using the aforementioned software. These "grunge" shapes had messy, complicated outlines, which would have been extremely difficult to produce using analogue methods. Also called "distressed type", this mode of typeface creation became very popular, and a large number of "grunge" typefaces were created. Letterror's Justlefthand and Erikrighthand typefaces were the first digital "handwriting" fonts, their introduction

3780-516: The public indefinitely, as an experimental exhibition and performance space. In addition, the PS1 space would be available while the 53rd Street complex was closed for major renovations. MoMA broke ground on the 53rd Street project in May 2001. Over the next year, the museum gradually closed two-thirds of its galleries and moved some of its exhibits online. The Midtown building closed completely in May 2002;

3850-504: The public on May 10, 1939, attended by an illustrious company of 6,000 people, and with an opening address via radio from the White House by President Franklin D. Roosevelt . In 1958, workers re-clad the MoMA building's second floor with a glass facade overlooking the sculpture garden. On April 15, 1958, a fire on the second floor destroyed an 18-foot-long (5.5 m) Monet Water Lilies painting (the current Monet Water Lilies

3920-588: The publicly accessible space by 25% compared to when the Tanaguchi building was completed in 2004. The expansion allowed for even more of the museum's collection of nearly 200,000 works to be displayed. The new spaces also allow visitors to enjoy a relaxing sit-down in one of the two new lounges, or even have a fully catered meal. The two new lounges include "The Marlene Hess and James D. Zirin Lounge" and "The Daniel and Jane Och Lounge". The goal of this renovation

3990-538: The third and fourth floors were evacuated to the Whitney Museum of American Art , which abutted on the 54th Street side. Among the paintings that were rescued was A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte , which had been on loan from the Art Institute of Chicago . Visitors and employees trapped above the fire were evacuated to the roof, and then jumped to the roof of an adjoining townhouse. In 1969,

4060-415: The time the duo were working for Erik Spiekermann . First they published zine, which was named Letterror, which demonstrated their experiments with generative type. That name followed their collaboration through the years. LTR Beowolf is a Serif-typeface which had novel programming features. Each time it was printed, code within the typeface files moved the outlines of the letters around slightly, giving it

4130-598: The west and east of the Abby Aldrich Rockefeller Sculpture Garden, which was to be enlarged from its original configuration. The Peggy and David Rockefeller Building on the western portion of the site houses the main exhibition gallerie, while the Lewis B. and Dorothy Cullman Education and Research Building provides space for classrooms, auditoriums, teacher-training workshops, and the museum's expanded library and archives. MoMA began

4200-427: The world's greatest collection of Modern art". Witold Rybczynski of Slate wrote: "Most of what has been written about the new MoMA has lauded its minimalist interiors, which, even if they don't exactly disappear, have an opulently ethereal quality. [...] Yet this urban building is not experienced only from inside—and, seen from the sidewalk, Taniguchi's architecture does anything but fade away." MoMA, which owned

4270-508: The year 2000 with the activation of a 1999 agreement formalizing its affiliation with the P.S. 1 Contemporary Art Center , an independent contemporary art organization which had been founded in nearby Long Island City , Queens, New York in 1971. An agreement provided for a 10-year merger process, allowing gradual coordination and consolidation of programming and staff. The location in Queens, a re-purposed former public school, would remain open to

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4340-553: Was Philip Johnson who served as curator between 1932 and 1934 and between 1946 and 1954. The next departmental head was Arthur Drexler , who was curator from 1951 to 1956 and then served as head until 1986. The collection consists of 28,000 works including architectural models, drawings, and photographs. One of the highlights of the collection is the Mies van der Rohe Archive. It also includes works from such legendary architects and designers as Frank Lloyd Wright , Paul László ,

4410-533: Was America's premier museum devoted exclusively to modern art, and the first of its kind in Manhattan to exhibit European modernism. One of Rockefeller's early recruits for the museum staff was the noted Japanese-American photographer Soichi Sunami (at that time best known for his portraits of modern dance pioneer Martha Graham ), who served the museum as its official documentary photographer from 1930 until 1968. Goodyear enlisted Paul J. Sachs and Frank Crowninshield to join him as founding trustees. Sachs,

4480-496: Was acquired shortly after the fire as a replacement). The fire was started by workmen installing air conditioning, who were smoking near paint cans, sawdust, and a canvas drop cloth. One worker was killed by the fire, and several firefighters were treated for smoke inhalation. Most of the paintings on the floor had previously been removed from the work area, although large paintings including the Monet had remained in place. Art works on

4550-450: Was approved, MoMA unveiled its expansion plans, which encompass space in 53W53, as well as an annex on the former site of the American Folk Art Museum. The expansion plan was developed by the architecture firm Diller Scofidio + Renfro in collaboration with Gensler . Following a controversy over the plans, MoMA split the plan into three phases in January 2016. The plan would add 50,000 square feet (4,600 m ) of gallery space in 53W53, in

4620-429: Was conceived in 1929 by Abby Aldrich Rockefeller , Lillie P. Bliss , and Mary Quinn Sullivan . Initially located in the Heckscher Building on Fifth Avenue, it opened just days after the Wall Street Crash . The museum, America's first devoted exclusively to modern art, was led by A. Conger Goodyear as president and Abby Rockefeller as treasurer, with Alfred H. Barr Jr . as its first director. Under Barr's leadership,

4690-411: Was described as evidence that "the computer brings more, not less human expression into [graphic design]" Forms in modernism : a visual set : the unity of typography, architecture & the design arts They were the first releases from this project. Erik's typeface Trixie was the second one, it came out in 1991, a year before RayGun magazine signaled the formal beginning of Grunge Design . It

4760-437: Was famously used in the iconic logo for The X-files TV series, and also on the covers of Rage Against The Machine's eponymous debut album and Alanis Morissette 's Jagged Little Pill . Just van Rossum's Instant Types set fonts came out a year later, adding five iconic typefaces to the new category. Other typefaces of note include Eames Century Modern , a typeface based on the legacy of Charles and Ray Eames , designed with

4830-461: Was in November 1929, displaying paintings by Van Gogh , Gauguin , Cézanne , and Seurat . First housed in six rooms of galleries and offices on the 12th floor of Manhattan's Heckscher Building, on the corner of Fifth Avenue and 57th Street, the museum moved into three more temporary locations within the next 10 years. Abby Rockefeller's husband, John D. Rockefeller Jr., was adamantly opposed to

4900-516: Was selected by the board of trustees to become its president, in 1939, at the age of 30; he was a flamboyant leader and became the prime instigator and funding source of MoMA's publicity, acquisitions, and subsequent expansion into new headquarters on 53rd Street. His brother, David Rockefeller , joined the museum's board of trustees in 1948, and took over the presidency when Nelson was elected governor of New York in 1958. David Rockefeller subsequently employed noted architect Philip Johnson to redesign

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