93-547: William Trent (February 13, 1715 – 1787) was an American fur trader and merchant based in the colonial-era Province of Pennsylvania . He was commissioned as a captain of the Virginia Regiment in the early stages of the French and Indian War , when he served on the western frontier with the young Lt. Colonel George Washington . Trent led an advance group who built forts and improved roads for troop access and defense of
186-580: A Council-Manager form of government. It is governed by the Common Council, an elected body within a ward system. The city is composed of four wards, each with 2 councilmen, with the city's mayor serving as the ninth representative and leader of the council. While the council began as a 13-member board, it transitioned from 13 to 9, beginning in 2006 and ending in 2008. Winchester Public Schools operates public schools, including John Handley High School . The most prominent highway serving Winchester
279-537: A blockhouse built out of logs felled along Redstone Creek. Trent was a soldier of fortune during the various local Indian wars in Pennsylvania and present-day Maryland and West Virginia, and the French and Indian War. He commanded the militia at Fort Pitt during Pontiac's Rebellion . During the siege of Fort Pitt , Trent recorded in his journal that blankets from the fort's smallpox hospital had been given to
372-533: A good portion of his young life in Winchester helping survey the Fairfax land grant for Thomas Fairfax, Sixth Lord Fairfax, as well as performing surveying work for Colonel Wood. In 1758 Wood added 158 lots to the west side of town. In 1759 Thomas Lord Fairfax contributed 173 more lots to the south and east. General Edward Braddock 's expeditionary march to Fort Duquesne crossed through this area in 1755 on
465-476: A large French military expedition of 600 soldiers, led by Sieur de Contrecoeur , surrounded the English colonists. They forced Trent to surrender and return with his men to Virginia. The French force included engineers. After demolishing Fort St. George, they began building the larger, more complex Fort Duquesne in present-day Pittsburgh . The English later captured Fort Duquesne during the war. The officers of
558-460: A new royal colony on their land claims , they were unable to secure reparations. After several years of continuous efforts to regain his former fortune, in 1783 Trent's health began to fail him. That summer of 1783, Trent and fellow business partner, Samuel Wharton found that forgotten bonds and mortgages were soon to be overdue. Since the French and Indian War, Trent was never able to acquire lost lands or seem to get ahead of his debt collectors. Trent
651-577: A new record processing plant. Along with this plant they built several houses, bought a few small businesses and later built a tape production plant. The Winchester plant began construction in 1968 and production in 1969. The plant initially had a workforce of 250 people. This plant complemented the other existing manufacturing facilities of Capitol Records in Scranton, PA, Jacksonville, FL and Los Angeles, CA. In 1969 Capitol Records' Pressing Plant in Scranton began phasing out its vinyl manufacturing in favor of
744-508: A plan that would grab as much land as they could get and hired the three fastest runners in the colony to run out the purchase on a trail that had been cleared by other members of the colony beforehand. The pace was so intense that only one runner completed the "walk," covering an astonishing 70 miles (110 km). This netted the Penns 1,200,000 acres (4,900 km ) of land in what is now northeastern Pennsylvania , an area roughly equivalent to
837-600: A speak to their Chiefs and come and tell us what they said, they returned and said they would hold fast of the Chain of friendship. Out of our regard to them we gave them two Blankets and a Handkerchief out of the Small Pox Hospital. I hope it will have the desired effect. They then told us that Ligonier had been attacked, but that the Enemy were beat of". After the end of the war, Levy, Trent and Company , of which Trent
930-488: A tire dump in the area containing over seven million tires burned for nine months, polluting nearby areas with lead and arsenic . The location was cleaned up as a Superfund project between 1983 and 2002. Winchester is located at 39°10′41″N 78°10′01″W / 39.178°N 78.167°W / 39.178; -78.167 . According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has
1023-611: A total area of 9.3 square miles (24 km ), virtually all land. It is in the Shenandoah Valley , located between the Blue Ridge Mountains and the Allegheny Mountains , and is 15 miles north-northeast of the northern peak of Massanutten Mountain . I-81 passes through the city, along with US 50 , US 522 , US 17 , which ends in the city, and SR 7 , which also ends in the city. The city
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#17327765398401116-549: Is Interstate 81 . I-81 extends northeast to southwest, connecting Winchester to eastern Tennessee , southwestern Virginia, eastern West Virginia , western Maryland and central Pennsylvania . Other highways passing through Winchester include U.S. Route 11 , U.S. Route 17 , U.S. Route 50 and U.S. Route 522 . These four highways follow city streets through downtown Winchester, with U.S. Route 17 coming to its northern terminus. Virginia State Route 7 also serves Winchester, terminating in downtown. Virginia State Route 37 bypasses
1209-606: Is 9/10ths of the law , built a home here (in present-day Clarke County) in 1748. In February 1752, the Virginia House of Burgesses granted the fourth city charter in Virginia to 'Winchester' as Frederick Town was renamed after Colonel Wood's birthplace in England. In 1754, Abraham Hollingsworth built the local residence called Abram's Delight, which served as the first local Quaker meeting house. George Washington spent
1302-564: Is approximately 75 miles (121 km) to the west of Washington, D.C., 24 miles (39 km) south of Martinsburg, West Virginia , 25 miles (40 km) north of Front Royal , 118 miles (190 km) south of Harrisburg, PA and 180 miles (290 km) north of Roanoke . The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Winchester has depending on which isotherm
1395-655: Is used, either a humid continental climate or a humid subtropical climate , abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps. The hardiness zone is 6b/7a. Winchester is one of the only cities in Virginia to have a humid continental climate. Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race. Companies based in Winchester include American Woodmark , Trex , and Rubbermaid Commercial Products . Federal agencies with operations in Winchester include
1488-580: The Alleghenies , which they did the following year. The Shawnee settled for some years in the Ohio Country before being forced by the US government under Indian Removal in the 1830s to remove to Indian Territory . French Jesuit expeditions may have first entered the valley as early as 1606, as the explorer Samuel de Champlain made a crude map of the area in 1632. The first confirmed exploration of
1581-585: The American Revolutionary War , Philadelphia served as the nation's capital until 1800, when a new capital city in Washington, D.C. was constructed. The Province of Pennsylvania's colonial government was established in 1683, by William Penn 's Frame of Government . Penn was appointed governor and a 72-member Provincial Council and larger General Assembly were responsible for governing the province. The General Assembly, also known as
1674-542: The Army of Northern Virginia . He laid the foundations for the future Geneva conventions regarding the treatment of medical doctors during warfare. Winchester served as a major center for Confederate medical operations, particularly after the Battle of Sharpsburg in 1862 and the Battle of Gettysburg in 1863. Among those who took part in battles at Winchester were future U.S. presidents McKinley and Hayes , both as officers in
1767-695: The Federal Emergency Management Agency , the Federal Bureau of Investigation , and the United States Army Corps of Engineers . According to the City's 2016 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the top employers in the city are: Winchester was home to Capitol Records ' East Coast Pressing Plant. Capitol Records Distribution Corporation announced in 1968 the purchasing of land in Winchester, Va for
1860-482: The French and Indian War concluded, an additional treaty was made in 1768, that abided by the limits of the Royal Proclamation of 1763 . This proclamation line was not intended to be a permanent boundary between the colonists and Native American lands, but rather a temporary boundary that could be extended further west in an orderly manner but only by the royal government and not private individuals such as
1953-532: The Lenape Indian tribe through a number of treaties. Under Penn's direction, Philadelphia was planned and developed and served as the largest city and national capital until 1800 when it was surpassed in population by New York City and a new national capital was constructed in Washington, D.C. Despite having the land grant from King Charles II , Penn embarked on an effort to purchase the lands from Native Americans . The Lenape Indian tribe held much of
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#17327765398402046-652: The Lord Fairfax proprietorship, acquired 200,000 acres (810 km ). This combination of events directly precipitated an inrush of settlers from Pennsylvania and New York, made up of a blend of Quakers and German and Scots-Irish homesteaders, many of them new immigrants. The Scots-Irish comprised the most numerous group of immigrants from the British Isles before the American Revolutionary War . The settlement of Winchester began as early as 1729, when Quakers such as Abraham Hollingsworth migrated up (south)
2139-695: The Pennsylvania Provincial Assembly , was the largest and most representative branch of government but had limited powers. Succeeding frames of government were produced in 1683, 1696, and 1701. The fourth frame, also known as the Charter of Privileges , remained in effect until the American Revolution . At the time, the Provincial Assembly was deemed too moderate by American revolutionaries, who rejected
2232-559: The Royal Proclamation of 1763 banned colonization beyond the Appalachian Mountains to prevent settlers settling lands that Indians tribes were using. This proclamation impacted Pennsylvanians and Virginians the most, since they both had been racing towards the lands surrounding Fort Pitt in modern-day Pittsburgh . The Supreme Court of Pennsylvania , consisting of the Chief Justice and at least one other judge,
2325-533: The Shackamaxon Treaty was "the only treaty between Indians and Christians that was never sworn to and that was never broken." The Quakers also refused to provide any assistance to New England 's Indian wars . In 1737, the Colony exchanged a great deal of its political goodwill with the native Lenape for more land. The colonial administrators claimed that they had a deed dating to the 1680s in which
2418-711: The Shenandoah Valley of Virginia. Shenandoah University is located in Winchester and has numerous male and female sports in the Old Dominion Athletic Conference. Winchester is also home to the Winchester Speedway, a 3/8-mile clay oval track, which plays host to a number of touring series, such as the World of Outlaws Late Model Series , and the Lucas Oil Late Model Dirt Series . Winchester's follows
2511-663: The Unami language of the Lenape (Delaware) and the Mohawk language of one of the Iroquois tribes. He was also involved in land speculation, usually holding property for a short period of time. Trent on the other hand proved to be a financial resource because he had access to his merchant father's wealth. Therefore, Croghan and Trent's fur trading business was established in the Ohio Country using Trent's capital and connections. Much of
2604-605: The 18th century, additional treaties with the Native Americans were concluded. The colony's proprietors made treaties in 1718, 1732, 1737, 1749, 1754, and 1754 pushing the boundaries of the colony, which were still within the original royal grant, north and west. By the time the French and Indian War began in 1754, the Assembly had established the additional counties of Lancaster (1729), York (1749), Cumberland (1750), Berks (1752) and Northampton (1752). After
2697-569: The French and Indian War broke out, Captain Trent along with George Croghan and several other distinguished military men were present for the treaty signing at Winchester, Virginia , in September of 1753. The Indian Winchester Conference established that weapons and ammunition would be given to the Miami and Delaware tribes. Andrew Montour, Christopher Gist, and William Trent were tasked with delivering
2790-465: The French and Indian War, they were seeking land grants. During this time, Trent's longtime friend and previous business partner, George Croghan, decided to embark on a journey to London and present the Indian Company's case. While Croghan was in England asking for reparations on behalf of the Indian Company, Trent immediately began concerning himself with new business endeavors in hopes to regain
2883-652: The French: Fort Prince George , begun February 17, 1754 and Fort Hanger. The first was built after Washington returned from his diplomatic mission warning the French to leave the Ohio Country . Trent and his forces built Fort Hanger (Hangard) later that year on Redstone Creek. It was at its confluence with the Monongahela River and near the Ford of the river by Nemacolin's Trail . Trent and his men had not completed Fort Prince George when
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2976-802: The General Assembly's authority and held the First Continental Congress in Philadelphia , which produced the Pennsylvania Constitution of 1776 for the newly established commonwealth and created the new Pennsylvania General Assembly . Penn was an English real estate entrepreneur, philosopher, Quaker , founder of the Province of Pennsylvania, and an advocate of democracy and religious freedom known for fostering peaceful and positive relations with
3069-646: The Great Valley along the long-traveled Indian Path (later called the Great Wagon Road by the colonists) from Pennsylvania. He and others began to homestead on old Shawnee campgrounds. Tradition holds that the Quakers purchased several tracts on Apple-pie Ridge from the natives, who did not disturb those settlements. The first German settler appears to have been Jost Hite in 1732, who brought ten other families, including some Scots-Irish. Though Virginia
3162-660: The Lenape-Delaware had promised to sell a portion of land beginning between the junction of the Delaware River and Lehigh River in present-day Easton, Pennsylvania "as far west as a man could walk in a day and a half." The purchase became known as the Walking Purchase . Although the document was most likely a forgery, the Lenape did not realize that. Provincial Secretary James Logan set in motion
3255-713: The North American and Caribbean colonies, and England. His father had interests in 40 ships. His father served in the provincial governments in both Pennsylvania and New Jersey. In 1752, William Trent married Sarah Wilkins. Together they had six children. From 1750 to 1754, Trent and George Croghan were fur trading business partners. Croghan was more of the hands-on partner as he speculated that setting up trading post within Native American villages would generate more revenue as opposed to placing trading post alongside major crossroads. In addition, Croghan learned
3348-843: The Pennsylvania State House ordered a new bell which would become known as the Liberty Bell for the new bell tower being built in the Pennsylvania State House in Philadelphia. William Penn had mandated fair dealings with Native Americans in the United States . This led to significantly better relations with the local tribes, mainly the Lenape and Susquehanna , than most other colonies had. The Quakers had previously treated Indians with respect, bought land from them voluntarily, and had even representation of Indians and whites on juries. According to Voltaire ,
3441-958: The Potomac River Valley. For instance, in 1861, Stonewall Jackson removed 56 locomotives and over 300 railroad cars, along with miles of track, from the B&;O Railroad. His attack closed down the B&O's main line for ten months. Much of the effort to transport this equipment by horse and carriage centered in Winchester. During the war, Winchester was occupied by the Union Army for four major periods: by Major General Nathaniel Banks (March ? May 12 to 25, 1862, and June 4 to September 2, 1862), Major General Robert Milroy (December 24, 1862, to June 15, 1863), Major General Philip Sheridan (September 19, 1864, to February 27, 1865), and Major General Winfield Scott Hancock (February 27, 1865, to June 27, 1865). Major General Sheridan raided up
3534-630: The Potomac rivers", an old grant from King Charles II which overlapped and included Frederick County. It took some time for land titles to be cleared among early settlers. By 1738 these settlements became known as Frederick Town . The county of Frederick was carved out of Orange County. The first government was created, consisting of a County Court as well as the Anglican Frederick Parish (for purposes of tax collection). Colonel James Wood , an immigrant from Winchester , England,
3627-604: The Proprietors. This effectively altered the original royal land grant to Penn. The next acquisitions by Pennsylvania were to take place as an independent commonwealth or state and no longer as a colony. The Assembly established additional counties from the land before the War for American Independence . These counties were Bedford (1771), Northumberland (1772) and Westmoreland (1773). William Penn and his fellow Quakers heavily imprinted their religious beliefs and values on
3720-463: The Quakers were strong proponents of religious freedom . Philadelphia , the capital of the Province of Pennsylvania, emerged as a major port and commercial city and central location for the thinking, writings, and planning that ultimately inspired the American Revolution . In the 18th century, Philadelphia emerged as the second-largest city in the British Empire , after London . Following
3813-797: The Seneca and allied Algonquian-speaking Lenape from the north, and their distant traditional enemies, the Siouan Catawba based in the Carolinas. The Iroquois Six Nations (the Tuscarora people had joined them by 1722 after losing battles in the Carolinas in the early 18th century) finally ceded their nominal claim to the Shenandoah Valley at the Treaty of Lancaster (1744), arranged by British officials. The treaty also established
William Trent - Misplaced Pages Continue
3906-658: The Shenandoah Valley in 1861, Jackson's Valley Campaign of 1862, the Gettysburg Campaign of 1863, and the Valley Campaigns of 1864 . Including minor cavalry raids and patrols, and occasional reconnaissances, historians claim that Winchester changed hands as many as 72 times and 13 times in one day. Battles raged along Main Street at points in the war. Union General Sheridan and Stonewall Jackson located their headquarters just one block apart at times. At
3999-565: The Siege of Boston. He led the 96 men of "Morgan's Sharpshooters" from Winchester on July 14, 1775, and marched to Boston in 21 days. Morgan, Wood, and others also performed duties in holding captured prisoners of war , particularly Hessian soldiers . Hessian soldiers were known to walk to the high ridge north and west of town, where they could purchase and eat apple pies made by the Quakers. The ridge became affectionately known as Apple Pie Ridge. The Ridge Road built before 1751 leading north from town
4092-829: The Union IX Corps . The United States assigned military presence to Winchester and other parts of the South during Reconstruction after the war. Winchester was part of the First Military District , commanded by Major General John Schofield . This period lasted until January 26, 1870. Winchester was the first city south of the Potomac River to install electric light . In 1917 the Winchester and Western Railroad connected Winchester with Rock Enon Springs , moving both vacationers and supplies to
4185-420: The Virginia Regiment decided to continue their campaign to secure the trans-Allegheny region for the Ohio Country . Their strategy was to build a wagon road to Redstone Creek , the nearest point of descent for larger traffic to the Monongahela River . After gaining reinforcements, they would attack and recapture the Forks of the Ohio. The Virginia Regiment began building a road from Wills Creek, intended to cross
4278-607: The Winchester plant. Winchester is the location of the annual Shenandoah Apple Blossom Festival , which has existed since 1924. It is usually held during the first weekend in May. The festival includes a carnival, firework show, parades, several dances and parties, and a coronation where the Apple Blossom Queen is crowned. Local school systems and many businesses close the Friday of Apple Blossom weekend. Winchester has more than 20 different "artistic" apples that are made of various materials including wood, rubber pipe, plaster, and paint. These apples were created in 2005 by occupants of
4371-433: The area particularly the beginnings of a fort at the Forks of the Ohio. Their mission was to construct a road to Redstone Creek in present day Brownsville, Pennsylvania and await sizable reinforcements. Then the army will go by water to take the Fort Duquesne at the Forks of the Ohio River from the French. Trent's command made minimal improvements. He reached Redstone Old Forts , where he had his men build Fort Hangard ,
4464-455: The besieging Indians during a parley. Trent wrote, "Out of our regard for them, we gave them two Blankets and an Handkerchief out of the Small Pox Hospital. I hope it will have the desired effect." The full passage from the journal is: "The Turtles Heart a principal Warrior of the Delawares and Mamaltee a Chief came within a small distance of the Fort Mr. McKee went out to them and they made a Speech letting us know that all our [posts] as Ligonier
4557-435: The city and were placed at a specific location at the artists' request after being auctioned off. For example, a bright red apple with a large stethoscope attached to it was placed beside a much-used entrance to the Winchester Medical Center. Winchester is home to the Winchester Royals , which is part of the Valley Baseball League , a National Collegiate Athletic Association -sanctioned collegiate summer baseball league in
4650-425: The colony grew, colonists and British military forces came into confrontation with natives in the state's Western half. Britain fought for control of the neighboring Ohio Country with France during the French and Indian War . Following the British victory, the territory was formally ceded to them in 1763, and became part of the British Empire . With the French and Indian War over and Pontiac's War just beginning,
4743-479: The early Pennsylvanian government. The Charter of Privileges extended religious freedom to all monotheists, and the government was initially open to all Christians. Until the French and Indian War , Pennsylvania had no military, few taxes, and no public debt. It also encouraged the rapid growth of Philadelphia into America's most important city and of the Pennsylvania Dutch Country hinterlands, where German (or "Deutsch") religions and political refugees prospered on
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#17327765398404836-596: The fertile soil and spirit of cultural creativeness. Among the first groups were the Mennonites , who founded Germantown in 1683; and the Amish , who established the Northkill Amish Settlement in 1740. 1751 was an auspicious year for the colony. Pennsylvania Hospital , the first hospital in the British American colonies, and The Academy and College of Philadelphia , the predecessor to the private University of Pennsylvania , both opened. Benjamin Franklin founded both of these institutions and Philadelphia's Union Fire Company fifteen years earlier in 1736. Likewise in 1751,
4929-516: The first three involving no more than four hundred acres of land each. In 1744, Trent purchased vast lands in the Ohio Country west of the Appalachian Mountains . From then through the 1780s, he was a key figure in encouraging westward expansion by Anglo-American settlers past the Appalachian barrier , as he wanted to sell his land in parcels for development. Trent was born to William Trent (Trenton) and his second wife Mary Coddington on February 13, 1715 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania . His father
5022-401: The fortune he lost during the French and Indian War. In December of 1763, Trent began a partnership with John Baynton and Samuel Wharton. Samuel, Baynton, and Wharton were all equally interested in land speculation of 1,700 acres of Cumberland County land. Despite Croghan's and William Trent's multiple efforts to attain restitution for the Indian Company's members, including efforts to establish
5115-456: The land near present-day Philadelphia , and they expected payment in exchange for a quitclaim to vacate the territory. Penn and his representatives ( Proprietors ) negotiated a series of treaties with the Delaware and other tribes that had an interest in the land in his royal grant. The initial treaties were conducted between 1682 and 1684, for tracts between New Jersey and the former Delaware Colony in present-day Delaware . The province
5208-449: The local Iroquoian -speaking groups, including the Senedo and Sherando . The Algonquian -speaking Shawnee began to challenge the Iroquoians for the hunting grounds later in that century. The explorers Batts and Fallam in 1671 reported the Shawnee were contesting with the Iroquoians for control of the valley and were losing. During the later Beaver Wars , the powerful Iroquois Confederacy from New York (particularly Seneca from
5301-424: The loss of eight soldiers, Trent was able to rally his troops and continue fighting until reinforcements came to their aid. M. de St. Luc had no choice but to withdraw his troops and retreat. In addition to losing eight troops at the battle of Fort Saratoga, nine more of Captain Trent's men were wounded and an additional six were taken as prisoners. Shortly after, Captain Trent returned to his home of Pennsylvania and
5394-442: The mountains to Redstone Creek. Captain Trent was sent ahead with an advance party and supplies carried by pack animals , while Lt. Col. Washington oversaw the main column improving the road through the Cumberland Narrows Pass over the divide. Wednesday May 1 George Washington's Regiment sets off from Wills Creek , now Cumberland, Maryland . Washington and his officers decide to press on regardless of recent French advances in
5487-408: The new Winchester plant. Records pressed here include the Talking Heads ' Remain in Light , Dead Boys ' Young, Loud and Snotty , and Yoko Ono 's Fly (Yoko Ono album) . Capitol Records announced in late 1987 that it would end tape duplicating production in the US, in favor of offshore manufacturing, including in Winchester by early 1988, putting more than 500 employees out of work when they closed
5580-483: The next, led to long-term stifling of the Quaker population. Winchester became a gateway to Quaker settlements further west; by the mid-19th century, the Quaker population was a small minority here. During the war in 1758, at the age of 26, Colonel George Washington was elected to represent Frederick County to the House of Burgesses . Daniel Morgan later served as a ranger protecting the borderlands of Virginia against Indian raids, returning to Winchester in 1759. Following
5673-407: The north end of the lower Shenandoah Valley, Winchester was a base of operations for major Confederate invasions into the Northern United States. At times the attacks threatened the capital of Washington, D.C. The town served as a central point for troops conducting major raids against the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad , Chesapeake and Ohio Canal , and turnpike and telegraph paths along those routes and
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#17327765398405766-401: The northern valley was by the explorer John Lederer , who viewed the region from the current Fauquier and Warren County line on August 26, 1670. In 1705 the Swiss explorer Louise Michel and in 1716 Governor Alexander Spotswood did more extensive mapping and surveying. In the late 1720s, Governor William Gooch promoted settlement by issuing large land grants. Robert "King" Carter , manager of
5859-449: The only surviving children of his family. Trent senior founded Trenton, New Jersey by buying a large tract of land in 1714 below the falls of the Delaware River and developing his country house there. Moving to the new site in 1721 with his family, Trent also platted the town around his house. The young Trent grew up with his father's wealth, gained from trading and shipping in furs, dry goods and slaves , with merchants and interests in
5952-447: The outbreak of the war. As pay was low, there was high turnover in the lower ranks. Trent was commissioned as a captain and commanded a company, then likely 25–40 men. The young Washington was promoted from Lt. Col. to Colonel to command the Regiment. When the Regiment moved across the Appalachian divide along Nemacolin's Trail , Trent was assigned to take the advance company. He established two forts that were later taken and destroyed by
6045-463: The resort that is now Camp Rock Enon with far greater speed. Winchester is the location of the bi-annual N-SSA national competition, keeping the tradition of Civil War era firearms alive. A three-block section of downtown Loudoun Street was closed to vehicular traffic in the 1970s and is a popular pedestrian area featuring many boutiques and cafés. The street was repaved with brick and landscaped in 2013. Apple Blossom Mall opened in 1982. In 1983,
6138-417: The right of colonists to use the Indian Road through the valley, later known as the Great Wagon Road . The father of Shawnee chief Cornstalk had his own court at Shawnee Springs , near today's Cross Junction, Virginia , until 1754. In 1753, on the eve of the French and Indian War ( Seven Years' War ), messengers came to the Shawnee from tribes further west, inviting them to leave the Valley and cross
6231-502: The site of numerous battles during the American Civil War , as the Confederate and Union armies strove to control that portion of the Shenandoah Valley . Seven major battlefields are in the original Frederick County: Within the city of Winchester: Near the city of Winchester: Winchester was a key strategic position for the Confederate States Army during the war. It was an important operational objective in Gen Joseph E. Johnston 's and Col Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson's defense of
6324-432: The size of the state of Rhode Island in the purchase. The area of the purchase covers all or part of what are now Pike , Monroe , Carbon , Schuylkill , Northampton , Lehigh , and Bucks counties. The Lenape tribe fought for the next 19 years to have the treaty annulled but to no avail. The Lenape-Delaware were forced into the Shamokin and Wyoming Valleys , which were overcrowded with other displaced tribes. As
6417-427: The two are separate jurisdictions. As of the 2020 census , the city's population was 28,120. It is the principal city of the Winchester metropolitan area with a population of just over 145,000 extending into West Virginia , which is a part of the Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area . Winchester is home to Shenandoah University and the Museum of the Shenandoah Valley . Indigenous peoples lived along
6510-415: The upper Ohio Valley had been conquered by the Iroquois nations, based in New York and northern Pennsylvania, and they kept it open by right of conquest as their hunting ground. They had needed new grounds after exhausting some of the fur game to the east. In 1744, Trent made large land purchases from Native Americans in the Ohio Country along the Ohio River , west of the Appalachian Mountains . Trent
6603-409: The valley from Winchester, where his forces destroyed "2,000 barns filled with grain and implements, not to mention other outbuildings, 70 mills filled with wheat and flour" and "numerous head of livestock," to lessen the area's ability to supply the Confederates. Numerous local men served with the Confederate Army, mostly as troops. Hunter McGuire was Chief Surgeon of the Second "Jackson's" Corps of
6696-613: The valley. The first Lutheran worship was established by Rev. John Casper Stoever Jr. , and Alexander Ross established Hopewell Meeting for the Quakers. By 1736, Scots-Irish built the Opequon Presbyterian Church in Kernstown . A legal fight erupted in 1735 when Thomas Fairfax, Sixth Lord Fairfax came to Virginia to claim his land grant. It included "all the land in Virginia between the Rappahannock and
6789-730: The war, from 1763 to 1774 Daniel Morgan served in Captain Ashby's company and defended Virginia against Pontiac's Rebellion and Shawnee Indians in the Ohio valley (that part now in West Virginia ). During the Revolutionary War, the Virginia House of Burgesses chose local resident and French and Indian War veteran Daniel Morgan to raise a company of militia to support General George Washington's efforts during
6882-401: The waterways of present-day Virginia for thousands of years before European contact. Archeological , linguistic and anthropological studies have provided insights into their cultures. Though little is known of specific tribal movements before European contact, the Shenandoah Valley area, considered a sacred common hunting ground, appears by the 17th century to have been controlled mostly by
6975-477: The way to Fort Cumberland . Knowing the area well from work as a surveyor, George Washington accompanied General Braddock as his aide-de-camp. Resident Daniel Morgan joined Braddock's Army as a wagoner on its march to Pennsylvania. In 1756, on land granted by James Wood, Colonel George Washington designed and began constructing Fort Loudoun , which ultimately covered 0.955 acres (3,860 m ) in present-day downtown Winchester on North Loudoun Street. Fort Loudoun
7068-645: The weapons and ammunition to the Ohio Indians. However, only the Delaware's expressed that their goods were received. In addition to the goods being delivered, it was also settled that Andrew Montour and George Croghan would travel to South Carolina and advocate for the release of warriors of the Shawonese Nation. The Virginia Regiment recruited men in Virginia and Pennsylvania in 1754 before
7161-537: The western part of the territory) subjugated all tribes in the frontier region west of the Fall Line . By the time Anglo-European settlers arrived in the Shenandoah Valley around 1729, the Shawnee were the principal occupants in the area of the Shenandoah Valley that developed into Winchester. During the first decade of white settlement, the valley was also a conduit and battleground in a bloody intertribal war between
7254-449: The western territory. He was later promoted to the rank of major. Trent had gone into fur trading by 1740, aided by capital from his father, a wealthy shipping merchant of Philadelphia , who was the founder of Trenton, New Jersey . The younger Trent took on George Croghan , an Irish immigrant, as his partner, as he was effective in developing trading networks with Native Americans. Some of Trent's first land deals were of modest size, with
7347-415: Was a distinguished merchant and trader in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania. Trent was the second son born to Mary Coddington Trent, and was her only child to survive to adulthood. Her first son, Thomas, died in infancy. The children of William Trent Sr.'s first marriage were James, John, Maurice, and Mary Trent. However, by the year 1735, the three older sons had all died leaving William Trent Jr. and his sister as
7440-606: Was a member of, submitted a reimbursement invoice on which was written: "To Sundries got to Replace in kind those which were taken from people in the Hospital to Convey the Smallpox to the Indians Vizt." General Thomas Gage approved reimbursement to the company. Trent, along with 22 other fur traders formed a group in 1763 that was known as the Indian Company. Because of the losses the Indian Company members experienced in
7533-471: Was able to survive for several more years in poor health until his final days in spring of 1787. Trent's death resulted in his heirs and fellow Indian Company members continuing to fight for reparations under the new Constitution of the United States . However, despite the case being brought to the Supreme Court in 1792, the "William Grayson & others vs. The Commonwealth of Virginia" case
7626-415: Was an Anglican colony, Governor William Gooch had a tolerant policy on religion. The availability of land grants brought in many religious families, who were often given 50-acre (200,000 m ) plots through the sponsorship of fellow-religious grant purchasers and speculators. As a result, the Winchester area became home to some of the oldest Presbyterian , Quaker , Lutheran and Anglican churches in
7719-776: Was commissioned the rank of captain in June of 1746 by the Philadelphia Governor George Thomas. Trent commanded one of the four companies that were tasked to defend against Canadian threats. Less than a year later April 7, 1747, while stationed at Fort Saratoga in New York, Captain Trent and his company were ambushed by two hundred French and Indian soldiers under the command of M. de St. Luc. With only sixty troops in Captain Trent's company, he and his men appeared greatly outnumbered. After suffering
7812-732: Was destroyed, that great numbers of Indians [were coming and] that out of regard to us, they had prevailed on Six Nations [not to] attack us but give us time to go down the Country and they desired we would set of immediately. The Commanding Officer thanked them, let them know that we had everything we wanted, that we could defend it against all the Indians in the Woods, that we had three large Armys marching to Chastise those Indians that had struck us, told them to take care of their Women and Children, but not to tell any other Natives, they said they would go
7905-470: Was established as the Delaware State and also became one of the original thirteen states. The colony attracted English Quakers , Germans , and Scot-Irish frontiersmen. The Lenape Indian tribe promoted peace with the Quakers. However, after William Penn and Tamanend , who both supported peaceful coexistence, died, wars eventually broke out. The Quakers demonized Lenape mythology even though
7998-554: Was founded by statute in 1722 (although dating back to 1684 as the Provincial Court) and sat in Philadelphia twice a year. 40°17′46″N 75°30′32″W / 40.296°N 75.509°W / 40.296; -75.509 Winchester, Virginia Winchester is the northwesternmost independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia , United States . It is the county seat of Frederick County , although
8091-584: Was honorably discharged from his duties in December, 1747. He was thanked by the House of Delegates for his valiant stand at Fort Saratoga. Just a couple of years later, in June of 1749, Governor Hamilton declared Trent to be a justice of the court and he was tasked with keeping the peace in Cumberland county. The House of Delegates also appointed Trent as an official messenger for the Ohio Indians. Just before
8184-484: Was lost. Province of Pennsylvania The Province of Pennsylvania , also known as the Pennsylvania Colony , was a British North American colony founded by William Penn , who received the land through a grant from Charles II of England in 1681. The name Pennsylvania was derived from "Penn's Woods", referring to William Penn's father Admiral Sir William Penn . The Province of Pennsylvania
8277-560: Was occupied and manned with guns until the start of the American Revolutionary War . During this era, a jail was built in Winchester. It occasionally held Quakers from many parts of Virginia who protested the French and Indian War and refused to pay taxes to the Anglican parish. While their cousins in Pennsylvania dominated politics there, Virginia was an Anglican colony and did not tolerate pacifism well. The strong Quaker tradition of pacifism against strong Virginia support for this war and
8370-598: Was one of the two major Restoration colonies . The proprietary colony's charter remained in the Penn family until they were later ousted following the American Revolution and the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania was established as one of the original thirteen states . The lower counties on Delaware , a separate colony within the Pennsylvania Province, broke away during the American Revolution and
8463-481: Was renamed Apple Pie Ridge Road . The local farmers found booming business in feeding the Virginia Militia and fledgling volunteer American army. Following the war, the town's first newspapers, The Gazette and The Centinel , were established. Daniel Morgan continued his public service, being elected to one term in the U.S. House of Representatives (1797–1799). Winchester and the surrounding area were
8556-401: Was the first court clerk and had been a surveyor for Orange County, Virginia . He contracted for his own home Glen Burnie homstead around 1737, and it may have been used for early government business. Wood laid out 26 half-acre (2,000 m ) lots in 1744. The County Court held its first session on November 11, 1743, where James Wood served until 1760. Lord Fairfax, understanding that possession
8649-532: Was thus divided first into three counties, plus the three Lower counties on Delaware Bay . The easternmost, Bucks County , Philadelphia County and Chester County , the westernmost. The lower counties on Delaware, a separate colony within the province, constituted the same three counties that constitute the present State of Delaware : New Castle , the northernmost, Sussex , the southernmost, and Kent , which fell between New Castle and Sussex County. Their borders remain unchanged to this day. Several decades into
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