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124-483: The Winnipeg Art Gallery ( WAG ) is an art museum in Winnipeg , Manitoba, Canada. Its permanent collection includes over 24,000 works from Canadian, Indigenous Canadian , and international artists. The museum also holds the world's largest collection of Inuit art . In addition to exhibits for its collection, the museum has organized and hosted a number of travelling arts exhibitions . Its building complex consists of

248-586: A Public Records and Archives branch within Manitoba's Legislative Library . Years later, a part-time archivist was appointed in 1946, followed by the first full-time archivist (Hartwell W. L. Bowsfield) in 1952, when the Provincial Archives of Manitoba were established within the Library. At this time, the authority to direct the classification and scheduling of government records was held by

372-507: A Court of King's Bench exhibit stamp on the back, on which the exhibit number and the clerk's initials are recorded. The photographs are contact prints (i.e., proofs) of 4 by 6 inches (10 cm × 15 cm) in size, and were likely printed from the original negatives specifically for the court case. The Manitoba Legislative Building: Photographing a Work in Progress features reproductions of 34 of photos taken by L. B. Foote , who

496-449: A collaboration of museums and galleries that are more interested with the categorization of art. They are interested in the potential use of folksonomy within museums and the requirements for post-processing of terms that have been gathered, both to test their utility and to deploy them in useful ways. The steve.museum is one example of a site that is experimenting with this collaborative philosophy. The participating institutions include

620-795: A large collection of historical records of the Royal Manitoba Theatre Centre , who donated them to the Archives. In 2006, the Archives of Manitoba acquired a small cache of personal, legal, business, and political records of John A. Macdonald and his son Hugh John Macdonald . The records relating to John A. Macdonald include material from his legal practice in Kingston and his personal affairs. The latter consists of personal receipts and correspondence. Receipts include those for home and life assurance premiums, for memberships in organizations, mortgage payments, goods purchased for

744-463: A late- modernist style . During the design and construction process, da Roza partnered with Number Ten Architects, who provided architectural drafting and project management. The building's exterior was designed as an iceberg-shaped "triangular mass," with an austere low silhouette, and almost no windows throughout its exterior. The building's exterior walls are sloped to reflect sunlight, and uses "aggressive" geometric angles. A wedge that protrudes from

868-551: A main building that includes 11,000 square metres (120,000 sq ft) of indoor space and the adjacent 3,700-square-metre (40,000 sq ft) Qaumajuq building. The present institution was formally incorporated in 1963, although it traces its origins to the Winnipeg Museum of Fine Arts , an art museum opened to the public in 1912 by the Winnipeg Development and Industrial Bureau. The bureau opened

992-433: A major factor in social mobility (for example, getting a higher-paid, higher-status job). The argument states that certain art museums are aimed at perpetuating aristocratic and upper class ideals of taste and excludes segments of society without the social opportunities to develop such interest. The fine arts thus perpetuate social inequality by creating divisions between different social groups. This argument also ties in with

1116-476: A new building. The proposed design required the demolition of several buildings on the proposed site, including an unused service station, and the Cinema Centre building. Work on a new museum building began in 1969. The gallery moved to its present location in 1971, into a building designed by Canadian architect Gustavo Da Roza . Along with expanding the exhibition spaces, the new building also allowed for

1240-515: A number of companies which Macdonald and his legal partners were investors or directors of the company. The subject files contain, among other things, tax notices and receipts from the City of Winnipeg for Macdonald's home at 61 Carlton Street. The Hudson's Bay Company Archives ( HBCA ) is the official repository for the records of the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC)—the oldest chartered trading company in

1364-402: A number of online art catalogues and galleries that have been developed independently of the support of any individual museum. Many of these, like American Art Gallery, are attempts to develop galleries of artwork that are encyclopedic or historical in focus, while others are commercial efforts to sell the work of contemporary artists. A limited number of such sites have independent importance in

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1488-555: A public reading of letters written by Manitoba soldiers who served in the War. Rearview Manitoba is an exhibit that showcases Manitobans who were revealed in records held by the Archives of Manitoba. The Sessional Journal of the Legislative Assembly of Assiniboia are one of the key documents held at the Archives of Manitoba relating to the 1870 Legislative Assembly, the first Manitoba Legislature . The journal contains

1612-520: A section of the public. In classical times , religious institutions began to function as an early form of art gallery. Wealthy Roman collectors of engraved gems and other precious objects, such as Julius Caesar , often donated their collections to temples. It is unclear how easy it was in practice for the public to view these items. In Europe, from the Late Medieval period onwards, areas in royal palaces, castles , and large country houses of

1736-612: A series of rooms dedicated to specific historic periods (e.g. Ancient Egypt ) or other significant themed groupings of works (e.g. the gypsotheque or collection of plaster casts as in the Ashmolean Museum ) within a museum with a more varied collection are referred to as specific galleries, e.g. Egyptian Gallery or Cast Gallery . Works on paper, such as drawings , pastels , watercolors , prints , and photographs are typically not permanently displayed for reasons of conservation . Instead, public access to these materials

1860-418: A venue for other cultural exchanges and artistic activities, such as lectures, jewelry, performance arts , music concerts, or poetry readings. Art museums also frequently host themed temporary exhibitions, which often include items on loan from other collections. An institution dedicated to the display of art can be called an art museum or an art gallery, and the two terms may be used interchangeably. This

1984-511: Is adjacent to the building's entrance on the corner of St. Mary's Avenue and Memorial Boulevard, with a lecture room, café, and reading room adjacent to the building's atrium. The building's second level includes a 90-seat theatre, a library, and a learning commons on the second floor. Most of the museum's exhibition space is located on the building's third floor, which has approximately 790 square metres (8,500 sq ft) of exhibition space. Five indoor, and two outdoor art studios are situated on

2108-405: Is also an acronym for "Inuit Nunangat Ungammuaktut Atautikkut" (Inuit Moving Forward Together). The lead curator of the all-Inuit curatorial team designing the exhibit was Heather Igloliorte. Each of the four curators represented an area of the north. Igloliorte comes from Nunatsiavut , Krista Ulujuk Zawadski from Nunavut , Asinnajaq from Nunavik , and Kablusiak is Inuvialuit . A focus in creating

2232-429: Is also home to Qaumajuq, a four-storey 3,700-square-metre (40,000 sq ft) building, situated to the south of the main building at Memorial Boulevard and St. Mary Avenue. Michael Maltzan , the principal architect for Michael Maltzan Architecture, was contracted to design the building in 2012. PCL Construction was contracted to construct the building. Construction for the building began in late May 2018, after

2356-416: Is also sometimes used to describe businesses which display art for sale, but these are not art museums. Throughout history, large and expensive works of art have generally been commissioned by religious institutions or political leaders and been displayed in temples, churches, and palaces . Although these collections of art were not open to the general public, they were often made available for viewing for

2480-470: Is also the official repository of the Hudson's Bay Company Archives ( HBCA ). The archives also holds personal papers, including those of Manitoba premier Sir Hugh John Macdonald , son of Canadian prime minister Sir John A. Macdonald . When Manitoba was first established (1870), the Provincial Secretary , among other duties, was the keeper of registers and archives of the province, under

2604-559: Is provided by a dedicated print room located within the museum. Murals or mosaics often remain where they have been created ( in situ ), although many have also been removed to galleries. Various forms of 20th-century art, such as land art and performance art , also usually exist outside a gallery. Photographic records of these kinds of art are often shown in galleries, however. Most museums and large art galleries own more works than they have room to display. The rest are held in reserve collections , on or off-site. A sculpture garden

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2728-870: Is reflected in the names of institutions around the world, some of which are considered art galleries, such as the National Gallery in London and Neue Nationalgalerie in Berlin , and some of which are considered museums, including the Metropolitan Museum of Art and the Museum of Modern Art in New York City and the National Museum of Western Art in Tokyo . The phrase "art gallery"

2852-557: Is similar to an art gallery, presenting sculpture in an outdoor space. Sculpture has grown in popularity with sculptures installed in open spaces on both a permanent and temporary basis. Most larger paintings from about 1530 onwards were designed to be seen either in churches or palaces, and many buildings built as palaces now function successfully as art museums. By the 18th century additions to palaces and country houses were sometimes intended specifically as galleries for viewing art, and designed with that in mind. The architectural form of

2976-502: Is to shape identity and memory, cultural heritage, distilled narratives and treasured stories. Many art museums throughout history have been designed with a cultural purpose or been subject to political intervention. In particular, national art galleries have been thought to incite feelings of nationalism . This has occurred in both democratic and non-democratic countries, although authoritarian regimes have historically exercised more control over administration of art museums. Ludwig Justi

3100-677: The British Museum was established and the Old Royal Library collection of manuscripts was donated to it for public viewing. In 1777, a proposal to the British government was put forward by MP John Wilkes to buy the art collection of the late Sir Robert Walpole , who had amassed one of the greatest such collections in Europe , and house it in a specially built wing of the British Museum for public viewing. After much debate,

3224-799: The Government of Manitoba , to exhibit the Government of Nunavut's collection of 8,000 works at the Winnipeg Art Gallery. The Government of Nunavut collection formed in 1999, and was originally housed in the Prince of Wales Northern Heritage Centre in Yellowknife . The Government of Nunavut originally planned to house the collection in a climate-controlled facility in Iqaluit , although those plans were later abandoned. In June 2016,

3348-772: The Guggenheim Museum in New York City by Frank Lloyd Wright , the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao by Frank Gehry , Centre Pompidou-Metz by Shigeru Ban , and the redesign of the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art by Mario Botta . Some critics argue these galleries defeat their purposes because their dramatic interior spaces distract the eye from the paintings they are supposed to exhibit. Museums are more than just mere 'fixed structures designed to house collections.' Their purpose

3472-518: The Guggenheim Museum , the Cleveland Museum of Art , the Metropolitan Museum of Art , and the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art . There are relatively few local/regional/national organizations dedicated specifically to art museums. Most art museums are associated with local/regional/national organizations for the arts , humanities or museums in general. Many of these organizations are listed as follows: Archives of Manitoba It

3596-715: The Legislative Building 's Reading Room. Records of the private sector consist of the records of individuals, organizations, and community groups in Manitoba, dating back to the days of the Red River Settlement up to the more recent past. These holdings include correspondence, journals and diaries, organizational records, photographs, posters and documentary art, moving image and sound recordings (including oral histories ), cartographic and architectural plans. The Archives of Manitoba also holds

3720-650: The Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba Douglas Cameron , and the president of the Winnipeg Development and Industrial Bureau on 16 December 1912. The first exhibition held at the museum featured 275 works from the Royal Canadian Academy of Arts . Building upon the success of the art museum, the bureau opened the Winnipeg School of Arts in the same building on 21 June 1913. The art school, and museum operated as separate departments of

3844-618: The Manitoba Museum . The Winnipeg Art Gallery criticized the proposal stating that "the politicians of the city have set various arts groups on each other, and the result has been many objections. We of the Arts Gallery are sitting tight — but we are not sitting still." In 1967, the museum acquired a triangular plot of land across from the Civic Auditorium and launched a competition for architects to submit designs for

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3968-698: The Musée du Louvre during the French Revolution in 1793 as a public museum for much of the former French royal collection marked an important stage in the development of public access to art by transferring the ownership to a republican state; but it was a continuation of trends already well established. The building now occupied by the Prado in Madrid was built before the French Revolution for

4092-648: The Renwick Gallery , built in 1859. Now a part of the Smithsonian Institution , the Renwick housed William Wilson Corcoran 's collection of American and European art. The building was designed by James Renwick Jr. and finally completed in 1874. It is located at 1661 Pennsylvania Avenue NW. Renwick designed it after the Louvre's Tuileries addition. At the time of its construction, it

4216-554: The Royal Art Lodge . As of March 2015, the museum's decorative art collection includes more than 4,000 works of ceramic, glass, metal, and textiles from the 17th century to the present. The decorative arts collection began in the 1950s when the museum was bequeathed a collection of decorative works from Melanie Bolton-Hill. The collection includes 1,500 ceramics from British artisans in the 18th and 19th centuries; nearly 1,000 Art Nouveau and Art Deco -styled glass objects from

4340-647: The UNESCO Memory of the World Register , a programme that began to protect and promote the world's documentary heritage. In November 2019, the HBCA completed a large-scale microfilm digitization project, with funding from the Hudson's Bay Company History Foundation. The holdings of the Archives of Manitoba are separated into two primary centres: the Government and Private Sector Archives (GPSA) and

4464-553: The mystification of fine arts . Research suggests that the context in which an artwork is being presented has significant influence on its reception by the audience, and viewers shown artworks in a museum rated them more highly than when displayed in a "laboratory" setting Most art museums have only limited online collections, but a few museums, as well as some libraries and government agencies, have developed substantial online catalogues. Museums, libraries, and government agencies with substantial online collections include: There are

4588-467: The "main mass" forms the entrance to the main building. Most of the building was built from poured-in-place, reinforced concrete and clad in Tyndall stone . According to da Roza, the use of Tyndall stone for the load-bearing wall was selected to help affirm the "character of [the] northern prairie environment." Tyndall stone is also used extensively for the walls and floor of the interior, and the lounges in

4712-473: The 15th and 16th centuries. The Gort Collection was bequeathed to the museum in 1973, although before that, it was already on long-term loan to the institution since 1954. The museum's international art collection also includes works by Alexander Archipenko , Eugène Boudin , Marc Chagall , Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot , Raoul Dufy , Henri Fantin-Latour , Dan Flavin , Sol LeWitt , and Henry Moore . The Winnipeg Art Gallery's permanent collection also includes

4836-544: The 17th century onwards, often based around a collection of the cabinet of curiosities type. The first such museum was the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford , opened in 1683 to house and display the artefacts of Elias Ashmole that were given to Oxford University in a bequest. The Kunstmuseum Basel , through its lineage which extends back to the Amerbach Cabinet , which included a collection of works by Hans Holbein

4960-633: The 18th century. In Italy, the art tourism of the Grand Tour became a major industry from the 18th century onwards, and cities made efforts to make their key works accessible. The Capitoline Museums began in 1471 with a donation of classical sculpture to the city of Rome by the Papacy , while the Vatican Museums , whose collections are still owned by the Pope, trace their foundation to 1506, when

5084-451: The 1919 General Strike, including those entered as exhibits in the Court of King's Bench trial of the strike leaders, including R. v. Ivens et al . The six photographs presented in this exhibit were taken by professional photographer L. B. Foote on 21 June 1919, or " Bloody Saturday ." The photos show the crowds, the streetcar, and some of the events of the day. The photos are stamped with

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5208-457: The 1919 exhibition. According to the Winnipeg Art Gallery, the painting entered its collection in 1984, donated to them by Paterson's children. The former Medical Mall building was demolished in 2017 in order to accommodate the construction of a new building to house the museum's collection of Inuit art, known as Qaumajuq, which broke ground in May 2018. The groundbreaking ceremony for the new building

5332-520: The 1950s, although the museum's first substantial acquisition of Inuit works came in 1960, when George Swinton donated 130 sculptures to the museum. The collection was further bolstered in 1971, when the Jerry Twomey Collection, featuring 4,000 Inuit works, was donated to the museum. In 1989, Indian and Northern Affairs Canada (later renamed Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada ) donated 1,400 prints and drawings from Inuit artists to

5456-401: The 1970s, a number of political theorists and social commentators have pointed to the political implications of art museums and social relations. Pierre Bourdieu , for instance, argued that in spite the apparent freedom of choice in the arts, people's artistic preferences (such as classical music, rock, traditional music) strongly tie in with their social position. So called cultural capital is

5580-506: The 20th century in the museum's collection include those created by Maurice Cullen , Mary Riter Hamilton , John A. Hammond , Robert Harris , Otto Reinhold Jacobi , Paul Kane , Cornelius Krieghoff , James Wilson Morrice , Lucius Richard O'Brien , William Raphael , George Agnew Reid , Peter Rindisbacher , Frederick Arthur Verner , and Homer Watson . The collection also features a sizable collection of Canadian modern art (works produced from 1910 to 1979) including works by artists of

5704-545: The Archives feature—uploading digitized films and videos from the Archives' holdings, including the HBCA, for public viewing online. To begin, the Archives featured 6 films that "illustrate a range of activities and iconic sites throughout Manitoba." Subsequent uploads since its launch took place in July and December 2020, introduced through more 'Films from the Archives' events, this time held online due to provincial COVID-19 restrictions . On December 9, three "home movies" from

5828-637: The Archives of Manitoba acquired a small cache of personal, legal, business, and political records of John A. Macdonald and his son Hugh John Macdonald . In 2008, University of Manitoba graduate Scott Goodine became the Provincial Archivist of Manitoba. The building that is now known as the Manitoba Archives Building , formerly belonging to Winnipeg Auditorium , was designed by architects G. W. Northwood, C. W. U. Chivers, R. B. Pratt, D. A. Ross, and J. N. Semmens. It

5952-609: The Archives were presented, respectively showing Norway House in the 1930s, Winnipeg during the 1950 flood , and Queen Elizabeth II visiting Brandon in 1959. On December 16, three government "promotional films" from the 1940s, 1950s, and 1960s were presented: one documenting a survey group in northern Manitoba ; another, a fashion show featuring made-in-Manitoba designs; and the last, "indoor and outdoor activities to enjoy in Manitoba in winter." 2s 44s 22s 31s 44s 56s 37s 01s The Exhibits 995 to 1000 ( French : Pièces 995 à 1000 ) displays enlarged versions of six of

6076-542: The Archives' blog, social media, and in their physical exhibit. In February, the Archives held a screening event at Winnipeg's Metropolitan Theatre , titled 'Films from the Archives', where they showed The Romance of the Far Fur Country (1920) and the "100th anniversary screening of highlights from the Hudson’s Bay Company film." On Manitoba Day (May 12), the Archives launched its Streaming from

6200-750: The Board of Trade building until its demolition in 1935, and was relocated twice, in 1936, and 1938. In June 1950, the Winnipeg Gallery and the School of Art was formally dissolved, with the School of Art being incorporated into the University of Manitoba . Works collected for the former institution's permanent collection were loaned to the Winnipeg Art Gallery Association for an "indefinite" period, who continued to exhibit

6324-506: The Grand Western Canadian Screen Shop. The museum's also has a collection contemporary art from Canadian artists, most of which is made up equally of prints and paintings, although it also includes collages, drawings, installations, sculptures, and videos. The museum's collection of contemporary Canadian art includes works by Eleanor Bond , Aganetha Dyck , Cliff Eyland , Wanda Koop , Janet Werner , and

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6448-555: The HBC's archives so that selected historical records could be published. By 1927, an early version of a department of archives was in place, though it would be interrupted by the Great Depression along with the ending of Doughty's contract. With a significant amount of work on the classification, arrangement, and cataloguing of records already accomplished, in 1931, HBC formally established an Archives Department and Leveson Gower

6572-506: The HBCA provide the original written history of the Hudson's Bay Company since its inception in 1670 by royal charter of Prince Rupert and others, as well as how the company would grow to the point of purchasing Rupert's Land —the largest land purchase in Canada's history and one of the largest in world history. The archives also preserve original written documents that detail the fur trade; European exploration, mapping, and settlement of

6696-444: The Hudson's Bay Company Archives (HBCA). The Government and Private Sector Archives ( GPSA ) is responsible for the archival records of (1) the Government of Manitoba , (2) the province's private sector, and (3) the province's municipalities and school districts/divisions . Records of the Manitoba government are preserved with respect to the heritage of the province. These are records that document political and legal decisions;

6820-747: The Lieutenant Governor in Council. In 1955, the Public Records Act became the province's first legislation dealing specifically with the destruction, retention, and permanent preservation of public records. Establishing the Provincial Documents Committee, the Act allowed the committee to classify departmental records and create schedules for their retention and disposition. In 1967, John Alexander Bovey became

6944-670: The Marxist theory of mystification and elite culture . Furthermore, certain art galleries, such as the National Gallery in London and the Louvre in Paris are situated in buildings of considerable emotional impact. The Louvre in Paris is for instance located in the former Royal Castle of the ancient regime , and is thus clearly designed with a political agenda. It has been argued that such buildings create feelings of subjugation and adds to

7068-653: The Provincial Archives established its "oral history programme" as part of its general mandate to "identify, acquire and preserve records relating to the experience of the people of Manitoba." As of 1990, the Archives of Manitoba belongs to the Provincial Services Division of Manitoba Sport, Culture and Heritage , along with the Legislative Library and Translation Services. Part 11 of the Legislative Library Act

7192-439: The Provincial Archivist. In 1970, the Public Records Act was repealed and replaced Part II of the Legislative Library Act (RSM 1970 c. L120, s.12). Under this legislation, the restructured Provincial Documents Committee was responsible for administering government-wide records management issues. The Committee eventually signed off on the Records Authority Schedule , which acted as an overriding authority to retain and dispose of

7316-439: The Winnipeg Art Gallery Association, who continued to exhibit it. In 1963, the Winnipeg Art Gallery Association was formally incorporated as the Winnipeg Art Gallery by the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba . The museum moved to its present location in September 1971, with the opening of a purpose-built building designed by Gustavo da Roza . In 2021, the museum opened a Michael Maltzan -designed Qaumajuq building in order to house

7440-407: The Winnipeg Art Gallery and the Assiniboine Park Conservancy, which saw the museum curate exhibitions in the building. Most of the works from the exhibitions at WAG@ThePark is from the Conservancy's collection, although some Inuit works from the museum's permanent collection were also exhibited at the pavilion. In 2018, a lost painting by Alfred Munnings was located in the permanent collections of

7564-462: The Winnipeg Art Gallery. The painting depicts Brigadier General R.W. Paterson's horse, Peggy, during the First World War , and was lost shortly after a Royal Academy of Arts exhibition in 1919, which featured that piece, and 43 other works from Munnings. The lost painting was identified in the Winnipeg Art Gallery's permanent collection after a public appeal to locate the work was issued by the British National Army Museum ; in their efforts to recreate

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7688-531: The Winnipeg Gallery and School of Art, Painters Eleven , and the Regina Five . The museum's Canadian modern art collection also includes several works from the Group of Seven , including over 1,000 works from Group of Seven member Lionel LeMoine FitzGerald. Other works in the collection by modern Canadian artists include Bertram Brooker , Emily Carr , Charles Comfort , Ivan Eyre , Prudence Heward , William Kurelek , David Milne , Walter J. Phillips , Tony Tascona and William H. Lobchuk and other printmakers of

7812-422: The Winnipeg School of Arts in the following year, and operated the art museum and art school until 1923, when the two entities were incorporated as the Winnipeg Gallery and School of Arts . In 1926, the Winnipeg Art Gallery Association was formed to assist the institution in operating its museum component. The Winnipeg Gallery and School of Art was dissolved in 1950, although its collection was loaned indefinitely to

7936-430: The Younger and purchased by the city of Basel in 1661, is considered to be the first museum of art open to the public in the world. In the second half of the 18th century, many private collections of art were opened to the public, and during and after the French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars , many royal collections were nationalized, even where the monarchy remained in place, as in Spain and Bavaria . In 1753,

8060-433: The active lending-out of a museum's collected objects in order to enhance education at schools and to aid in the cultural development of individual members of the community. Finally, Dana saw branch museums throughout a city as a good method of making sure that every citizen has access to its benefits. Dana's view of the ideal museum sought to invest a wider variety of people in it, and was self-consciously not elitist. Since

8184-418: The art world. The large auction houses, such as Sotheby's , Bonhams , and Christie's , maintain large online databases of art which they have auctioned or are auctioning. Bridgeman Art Library serves as a central source of reproductions of artwork, with access limited to museums, art dealers , and other professionals or professional organizations. There are also online galleries that have been developed by

8308-433: The authority of the Provincial Secretary's Act . The Secretary also had the power to consolidate statutes, and issue certificates and licenses. In 1901, the Provincial Secretary administered the creation of a register of all documents filed pursuant to Legislation; this register included a synopsis of each document, its location, and the legislation under which it was filed. In 1939, the Legislative Library Act established

8432-453: The building features 2,400 square metres (26,000 sq ft) of exhibition space. Most of the building's viewing galleries are located on the third floor, which also features a skylight set from the building's rooftop garden; whereas the mezzanine level is dedicated to smaller exhibition spaces, the museum's library, and offices. The ground level, known as Ferdinand Eckhardt Hall, is a large space sheathed in saw-cut Tyndall stone and houses

8556-423: The building's second floor. The interior of the gallery was designed to help maintain and preserve works exhibited in the building and includes mechanical systems that maintain the atmosphere of the building at an appropriate temperature and humidity for the works. As a result of the building's angular shape, nearly every room in the building has a different shape from the other rooms in the building. The interior of

8680-435: The buildings' uppermost level. The upper roof level of the building is also designed to provide space for exhibitions, public performances. As of March 2015, the Winnipeg Art Gallery's permanent collection includes over 24,000 works from Canadian and international artists. Approximately 70 percent of the permanent collection was gifted to the museum by private donors. Summer Afternoon, the Prairie by Lionel LeMoine FitzGerald

8804-404: The collection at the Civic Auditorium. On 6 May 1963, the Winnipeg Art Gallery Association was formally incorporated as the Winnipeg Art Gallery by the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba. In 1965, discussions were raised to move the art gallery from the Civic Auditorium, although the institution opposed a proposed move to the Manitoba Centennial Centre , along with the Centennial Concert Hall , and

8928-704: The entire building solely intended to be an art gallery was arguably established by Sir John Soane with his design for the Dulwich Picture Gallery in 1817. This established the gallery as a series of interconnected rooms with largely uninterrupted wall spaces for hanging pictures and indirect lighting from skylights or roof lanterns . The late 19th century saw a boom in the building of public art galleries in Europe and America, becoming an essential cultural feature of larger cities. More art galleries rose up alongside museums and public libraries as part of

9052-564: The evolution of provincial administration; and the interaction between the government and its citizens. The archival records of the Manitoba government include the records of the Legislative Assembly , government departments and agencies , crown corporations , commissions of inquiry , and the courts . The Manitoba Archive Building also houses part of the Legislative Library of Manitoba , the other location being

9176-551: The exhibit was to honour ancestors and families and to connect people living today to "that trajectory of who our ancestors are and who we will become ancestors for". The museum also operates a library and archives, maintained by its curatorial department. Known as the Clara Lander Library, its holdings include books, and records that assists in the museum's educational mandate; whereas its archives contain administrative, curatorial, and educational documents relating to

9300-588: The exhibition galleries, with their large, arched windows, became the Reading Rooms for the Archives and Library. Some space in the building was reserved for the Departments of Education and Agriculture for documentary/instructional film production. After renovations were completed, the location was renamed the Manitoba Archives Building and opened in September 1975. In 1920, William Schooling

9424-477: The floor. The skylights are designed to emit light on its exterior side, glowing "like a lantern". A curved design is used throughout the interior, as a reflection of Northern Canada 's "openness". The building's 460-square-metre (5,000 sq ft) atrium features a serpentine steel frame of the building's three-storey visible storage for works for items in the Inuit collection not on exhibit. The visible storage

9548-636: The former building that occupied the site, the Medical Mall, was demolished in 2017. The building opened in March 2021. The design of Qaumajuq was intended to both complement the existing main building, as well as reflect where most of the works intended to be housed in the building originated from. The building's exterior is clad in glass and off-white stone, although concrete and steel were also used as building materials. The building will feature 22 recessed skylights approximately 9.1 metres (30 ft) above

9672-491: The founder of the Newark Museum , saw the traditional art museum as a useless public institution, one that focused more on fashion and conformity rather than education and uplift. Indeed, Dana's ideal museum would be one best suited for active and vigorous use by the average citizen, located near the center of their daily movement. In addition, Dana's conception of the perfect museum included a wider variety of objects than

9796-558: The grander English country houses could be toured by the respectable for a tip to the housekeeper, during the long periods when the family were not in residence. Special arrangements were made to allow the public to see many royal or private collections placed in galleries, as with most of the paintings of the Orleans Collection , which were housed in a wing of the Palais-Royal in Paris and could be visited for most of

9920-493: The home and office, and property repairs. Moreover, the records include Macdonald's account book at the Commercial Bank, 1855 to 1859, and a series of cheque stubs for the years 1863 to 1878 belonging to both Macdonald and James Shannon. The records relating to and created by Hugh John Macdonald were arranged in three series – subject files on personal matters, miscellaneous office files relating to clients, and records of

10044-851: The idea was eventually abandoned due to the great expense, and twenty years later, the collection was bought by Tsaritsa Catherine the Great of Russia and housed in the State Hermitage Museum in Saint Petersburg . The Bavarian royal collection (now in the Alte Pinakothek , Munich) was opened to the public in 1779 and the Medici collection in Florence around 1789 (as the Uffizi Gallery). The opening of

10168-468: The largest category of art museums in the country. While the first of these collections can be traced to learning collections developed in art academies in Western Europe, they are now associated with and housed in centers of higher education of all types. The word gallery being originally an architectural term, the display rooms in museums are often called public galleries . Also frequently,

10292-475: The late 19th century to the early 20th century; and 500 works of silver from British and Canadian silversmiths. The museum's international art collection is made up of paintings from American and European artists from the 19th and 20th centuries. The museum's international collection includes the Gort Collection, which features 19 panel paintings , and 5 tapestries from Northern Renaissance artists in

10416-534: The latter half of the 20th century. The museum's works on paper collection contains approximately 6,000 items in its collection, encompassing historical to contemporary works by international artists, and Canadian artists, whose works make up the majority of the works on prints collection. The museum's Canadian collection includes works from Canadian artists dating back to the 1820s to the present day. The museum's permanent collection includes 200 works by Canadian artists from 1820 to 1910. Work by Canadian artists prior to

10540-521: The location was renamed the Manitoba Archives Building and opened in September 1975. In 1972, the Archives became a branch of the Department of Tourism, Recreation and Cultural Affairs (currently Manitoba Sport, Culture and Heritage), where it would stay (though the department itself would be restructured several times). In 1973, the Hudson's Bay Company decided to move its historical archives to Winnipeg, Manitoba. The official public announcement

10664-511: The most heavily accessed records held by HBCA. Some records available through the Hudson's Bay Company Archives include: Commemorating the 150th anniversary of the founding of Manitoba, and the 350th of the Hudson's Bay Company , the Archives of Manitoba dedicated its 2020 exhibit, titled Your Archives: The Histories We Share , to submissions from the public. For the exhibit, people were asked to choose an archival record and explain "why it matters." Selected submissions would then be featured on

10788-523: The municipal drive for literacy and public education. Over the middle and late twentieth century, earlier architectural styles employed for art museums (such as the Beaux-Arts style of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City or the Gothic and Renaissance Revival architecture of Amsterdam's Rijksmuseum) succumbed to modern styles , such as Deconstructivism . Examples of this trend include

10912-490: The museum being paid towards insurance, campaigns to increase membership, and sundry repairs. The museum's permanent collection was held by the School of Art in trust while the museum was closed. In August 1926, the Winnipeg Art Gallery Association was formed to assist the museum in its operations. The gallery resumed normal operations on 22 April 1932, when it was reopened at the Civic Auditorium's (the present Manitoba Archives Building) western wing. The School of Art remained in

11036-492: The museum expanded its property by acquiring the former Medical Mall building adjacent to its building and used it to house the museum's art studio programs. In 2012, the museum, and the National Gallery of Canada entered into a three-year agreement to exhibit works from the National Gallery's collection at the Winnipeg Art Gallery. In November 2015, the Government of Nunavut reached a five-year loan agreement with

11160-572: The museum opened a retail space, known as WAG@The Forks, in an effort to promote and sell Inuit art at The Forks . The retail space was the result of a partnership formed between the Government of Nunavut, and the Winnipeg Art Gallery. In September 2016, the museum, and the Assiniboine Park Conservancy opened WAG@ThePark at the Assiniboine Park Pavilion . WAG@ThePark was opened as a partnership between

11284-834: The museum's Inuit art collection. The city's first serious art gallery was first opened in the former Manitoba Hotel (built c.  1892 by the Northern Pacific Railway ), located at Main and Water Ave. An area of the hotel was set aside for an art studio. The art gallery was organized by Cora Moore, who upon return from a trip to Toronto, organized a Winnipeg branch of the Women's Art Association of Canada and subsequently an artists group for men. The first art exhibit took place in February 1895. The art gallery featured art from artists from Manitoba, as well as Toronto, Montreal, New York, London, and Paris. The art gallery

11408-427: The museum's gift shop and art rental store, conservation lab, the main lobby, and a 320-seat auditorium complete this level. The museum's restaurant facilities and access to the rooftop garden are located on the building's fourth floor, while its storage for its collections are located in the building's basement. The total indoor area of the building is 11,000 square metres (120,000 sq ft). The museum property

11532-442: The museum's storage conservation unit to be housed in the same building, as opposed to an off-site location. Construction for the building cost approximately C$ 4.5 million, with the funding coming from the federal and provincial governments, private donations, as well as a public campaign to raise funds. The building was officially opened to the public on 25 September 1971 by Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon . In October 1995,

11656-479: The museum. Since 1972, the museum has appointed a full-time curator to oversee its collection of Inuit art. Most of the works from the museum's Inuit collection was stored in the basement storage space of its main building, although the museum planned to move these pieces to Qaumajuq's visible storage vault and exhibit. Qaumajuq was opened to the public in 2021. Quamajuq's inaugural exhibit was named INUA , meaning "life force" or "spirit" in some Arctic dialects. INUA

11780-475: The museum. Access to the Clara Lander Library is free of charge, although a written request must be submitted to the museum to access its materials. Art museum An art museum or art gallery is a building or space for the display of art , usually from the museum 's own collection . It might be in public or private ownership, be accessible to all, or have restrictions in place. Although primarily concerned with visual art , art museums are often used as

11904-484: The ongoing financial support of the Hudson's Bay Company History Foundation. In 2019, the HBC History Foundation funded HBCA's large-scale microfilm digitization project. This project saw HBCA digitize 1052 reels of microfilm , consisting of more than 10,000 volumes of the pre-1870 records kept at almost 500 HBC posts. Records that were digitized were selected for the project due to being some of

12028-699: The photographs entered as exhibits in the 1920 trial of R. v. Ivens et al , which followed the Winnipeg General Strike of 1919. Approximately 30,000 workers went on strike in Winnipeg for nearly six weeks from 15 May 1919. Many leaders of the strike were arrested on 17 June 1919, and the strike would end on 25 June 1919. The leaders were tried in the Court of King's Bench , and most were found guilty and sentenced to up to two years in prison. The Archives of Manitoba holds numerous records that document

12152-421: The property was expanded after the museum acquired the former Medical Mall south of the main building. In 2017, the former Medical Mall was demolished to make way for Qaumajuq, a building centred around Inuit art. The main building and Qaumajuq will be connected by a skyway between the two buildings. The main building for the Winnipeg Art Gallery was opened in September 1971 and was designed by Gustavo da Roza in

12276-417: The provincial archives, $ 252, was lower than some other provinces. From 1980 to 1997, the Provincial Archivist was Peter Bowers, followed by William Gordon Dodds in 1998. In 1981, a Government Records Division was established within the Provincial Archives of Manitoba, bringing on a more effective and proactive approach to managing records. In the 1980s, with the increasing use of the modern tape recorder ,

12400-584: The public a decade later in 1824. Similarly, the National Gallery in Prague was not formed by opening an existing royal or princely art collection to the public, but was created from scratch as a joint project of some Czech aristocrats in 1796. The Corcoran Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C. is generally considered to have been the first art museum in the United States. It was originally housed in

12524-462: The public display of parts of the royal art collection, and similar royal galleries were opened to the public in Vienna , Munich and other capitals. In Great Britain, however, the corresponding Royal Collection remained in the private hands of the monarch, and the first purpose-built national art galleries were the Dulwich Picture Gallery , founded in 1814 and the National Gallery, London opened to

12648-581: The recently discovered Laocoön and His Sons was put on public display. A series of museums on different subjects were opened over subsequent centuries, and many of the buildings of the Vatican were purpose-built as galleries. An early royal treasury opened to the public was the Green Vault of the Kingdom of Saxony in the 1720s. Privately funded museums open to the public began to be established from

12772-522: The records that it described. In 1970, the building belonging to the Winnipeg Auditorium was sold by the city to the province of Manitoba for roughly CA$ 1 million, and the Archives of Manitoba (and the Legislative Library of Manitoba) would move in the following year. It cost the province $ 4 million to convert the former Winnipeg Auditorium from an arts and entertainment venue into one for archival storage. After renovations were completed,

12896-568: The rest of Canada in 1908. After the first phase of the Board of Trade building was completed in April 1912, the Winnipeg Development and Industrial Bureau unveiled plans for its second phase expansion of the building, which featured a space designated for an art museum. The art museum, named the Winnipeg Museum of Fine Arts, was formally opened by the Mayor of Winnipeg Richard Deans Waugh ,

13020-405: The same institution, initially controlled by the bureau. The institution became independent of the bureau in April 1923, when it was formally incorporated as the Winnipeg Gallery and School of Art by the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba . However, by the mid 1920s, the institution faced financial difficulties, and was forced to suspend most museum operations in 1926, with its remaining expenses for

13144-563: The social elite were often made partially accessible to sections of the public, where art collections could be viewed. At the Palace of Versailles , entrance was restricted to people of certain social classes who were required to wear the proper apparel, which typically included the appropriate accessories, silver shoe buckles and a sword , could be hired from shops outside. The treasuries of cathedrals and large churches, or parts of them, were often set out for public display and veneration. Many of

13268-399: The traditional art museum, including industrial tools and handicrafts that encourage imagination in areas traditionally considered mundane. This view of the art museum envisions it as one well-suited to an industrial world, indeed enhancing it. Dana viewed paintings and sculptures as much less useful than industrial products, comparing the museum to a department store. In addition, he encouraged

13392-584: The western frontier; Indigenous peoples; treaty-making; and the initial development of what would become Canada. Many of these documents provide detailed descriptions of native groups, forts, rivers, lakes, animals, populations, and the difficult working conditions of fur traders. This important archive is one of Canada's national treasures, and is a part of the United Nations Memory of the World project. HBCA operations are partly funded through

13516-413: The world's largest collection of Inuit art, numbering over 13,000 works in March 2019. Inuit carvings make up nearly two-thirds of the museum's Inuit collection, which includes 7,500 antler, bone, ivory, and stone carvings, dozens of hand-sewn wall hangings. Other works in the collection includes 3,000 prints and drawings from Inuit artists. The first works for the museum's Inuit collection were acquired in

13640-487: The world—and includes thousands of mainly hand-written records and maps of HBC employees from 1670 to 1920, spanning the first 250 years of HBC's history. Along with archival records of the Hudson's Bay Company itself, the HBCA acquires and preserves other records related to HBC history as well, such as private records of individuals and subsidiary companies (including the North West Company ). The records of

13764-565: Was commissioned by the Manitoba government to document the construction of the Legislative Building through photographs. The photos were mostly taken between 1915 and 1916. Remembering the First World War (2014–2018) were weekly blogs about the time of the First World War , documenting activities both at home and overseas. In 2015, commemorating the 100th anniversary of WWI and Remembrance Day , Archives of Manitoba held

13888-465: Was erected between 1931 and 1932, in the midst of the Great Depression, as a make-work project of the federal, provincial, and municipal governments. Its cornerstone was laid on 18 August 1932 at a ceremony attended by the Governor-General of Canada and was officially opened on 15 October 1932 by Prime Minister R. B. Bennett . In 1970, the building belonging to the Winnipeg Auditorium

14012-563: Was for example dismissed as director of the Alte Nationalgalerie (Old National Gallery) in Berlin in 1933 by the new Nazi authorities for not being politically suitable. The question of the place of the art museum in its community has long been under debate. Some see art museums as fundamentally elitist institutions, while others see them as institutions with the potential for societal education and uplift. John Cotton Dana , an American librarian and museum director, as well as

14136-452: Was formally appointed the first HBC archivist. In May that year, HBC announced that the archives would be made available to the public and that researchers would be allowed direct access to records created prior to 1870. Quickly developing a classification plan for the records, HBC was able to open its archives to the public in 1933. In 1973, the HBC decided to move its historical archives to Winnipeg, Manitoba. The official public announcement

14260-429: Was held in May 2018, and featured the lighting of a qulliq , an Inuit drum dance, and throat singing. Cost for the construction of Qaumajuq is estimated to be C$ 65 million, with C$ 35 million obtained from the federal, provincial, and municipal government, and the remaining funds covered by public and private donors. The centre would be the first museum building in the world dedicated to Inuit art upon its opening. Qaumajuq

14384-411: Was hired by Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) to write a history of the company. Needing to access the company records, he was provided special premises to store the archives, as well as hiring of support staff, including Richard H.G. Leveson Gower. While the writing of an official company history was abandoned in 1926, Dominion Archivist of Canada Arthur Doughty was hired that year as a consultant to organize

14508-629: Was known as "the American Louvre". University art museums and galleries constitute collections of art developed, owned, and maintained by all kinds of schools, community colleges, colleges, and universities. This phenomenon exists in the West and East, making it a global practice. Although easily overlooked, there are over 700 university art museums in the US alone. This number, compared to other kinds of art museums, makes university art museums perhaps

14632-417: Was made on 31 July 1973, and representatives of HBC and the Manitoba government signed an agreement outlining the terms under which the archives would be placed on deposit at the Provincial Archives of Manitoba. The physical transfer of the archives was completed in the autumn of 1974 and the archives were re-opened to the public in the spring of 1975. In 1978, a federal study found that per-capita spending on

14756-455: Was made on 31 July 1973, and representatives of HBC and the Manitoba government signed an agreement outlining the terms under which the archives would be placed on deposit at the Provincial Archives of Manitoba. The physical transfer of the archives was completed in the autumn of 1974 and the archives were re-opened to the public in the spring of 1975. On 21 June 2007, the Hudson's Bay Company Archives’ records were announced to have been added to

14880-410: Was opened to the public on 25 March 2021. In 2023, the museum began the process to remove the name of former director, Ferdinand Eckhardt, from its entrance hall, after reports emerged of his Nazi-linked activities in occupied Europe . The main property the Winnipeg Art Gallery presently occupies was acquired in 1967. The museum's main building was opened on the property on 25 September 1971. In 1995,

15004-520: Was replaced by the Archives and Recordkeeping Act —passed in 2001 and proclaimed in February 2003—reflecting changes in archival and recordkeeping practice, as well as changing the name of the Provincial Archives of Manitoba to the Archives of Manitoba. The new legislation also created a new approvals process through the Archivist of Manitoba, superseding the Provincial Documents Committee. In 2006,

15128-714: Was shut down after the Manitoba Hotel burned down in 1899. Efforts to create another art museum began in 1902, after the Manitoba Society of Artists was formed, and its members began to lobby for the creation of a provincial civic and arts institution. In addition to the Manitoba Society of Artists, the Winnipeg-branch of the Western Art Association adopted a mandate that promoted the creation of an art museum to art from Manitoba, and

15252-413: Was sold by the city to the province of Manitoba for roughly CA$ 1 million, and the Archives of Manitoba (and the Legislative Library of Manitoba) would move in the following year. It cost the province $ 4 million to convert the former Winnipeg Auditorium from an arts and entertainment venue into one for archival storage. Interior renovations included removal of cantilevered balconies from the main auditorium;

15376-427: Was the first work purchased by the museum for its permanent collection. The collection is organized into several collection areas, Canadian art, decorative arts, Inuit art, international art, photography, and works on paper. The photography collection was made a specialized area of its permanent collection during the 1980s. Its photography collection includes 1,400 works, most of which originated from Canadian artists in

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