76-414: • Economy of Telangana • Telangana Movement • Telangana cuisine Telugu literature is the body of works written in the Telugu language . It consists of poems, short stories , novels, plays, and song lyrics, among others. There is some indication that Telugu literature dates at least to the middle of the first millennium, the first extant works are from the 11th century when
152-475: A Jangama (devotee of the god Shiva). The scholar Seshayya places him in the late 13th to early 14th century and proposes that the writer lived during the reign of Kakatiya king Prataparudra II, whereas the Kannada scholar R. Narasimhacharya dates his writings to the 12th century and claims Somanatha was patronised by Kakatiya king Prataparudra I (1140–1196). His place of birth is uncertain because there
228-528: A celebrated character called Nigama Sarma akka (sister of Nigama Sarma) and a story about her without giving her a name. He also had written many Chatuvu (extempore poems). Kasula Purushottama Kavi was a Telugu poet who lived during the late 18th century ( fl. CE 1798 ). He hailed from the Diviseema area of Krishna District , Andhra Pradesh and was a court poet of the then- Raja of Challapalli , Yarlagadda Ankineedu Prasad I (r. 1792–1819) of
304-416: A decadent age. Of the dozens of works of the eighteenth- to mid-nineteenth century, Kankanti Paparaju's Uttara Ramayana in campu style, and the play Vishnumayavilasa stand out. Other genres bloomed at the same time. Yakshaganas , indigenous dramas of song and prose, were also produced. Garlapati Tenali Ramakrishna ( Telugu : గార్లపాటి తెనాలి రామకృష్ణ ), popularly known as Tenali Rama and Vikata Kavi,
380-478: A different pattern. The period of modern Telugu literature began with Gurajada Apparao , who changed the face of Telugu poetry with his Muthayala Saralu , and was perfected by later writers in the Romanticism era including Rayaprolu and Devulapalli Krishna Sastri . Gurajada's attempt to reform Telugu poetry by shedding old rules and styles reached a zenith with Sri Sri . SriSri's famous work "Maha Prastanam"
456-440: A good memory and tests a person's capability of performing multiple tasks simultaneously. All the tasks are memory-intensive and demand an in-depth knowledge of literature, and prosody. The number of Prucchakas can be eight (for Ashtavadhanam ) or 100 ( Sataavadhaanam ) or even 1,000 (for Sahasravadhanam ). A person who has successfully performed Ashtavadhanam is called Ashtavadhani , one completing Shatavadhanam
532-433: A history of the king to whom the book is dedicated, and a chronological list of the books he published. In addition, historical information is available from inscriptions that can be correlated with the poems; there are several grammars, treatises, and anthologies that provide illustrative stanzas; and there is also information available from the lives of the poets and the traditions that they followed. Early Telugu literature
608-415: A lot to Veena Dhanammal and T. Brinda , who popularised Kshetrayya's songs with their beautiful musical interpretation. Kshetrayya's padyams now form an integral part of the dance and musical traditions of South India, where his songs are rendered purely as musical works or as accompaniments to dance. A prose translation by Kaluve Veera Raju which appeared hundred years later (ca 1700) had good success. He
684-530: A metaphor, denoting the yearning of jeeva (usually depicted as the Nayaki) to unite with the divine (usually depicted as the man). In most of his compositions, Kshetrayya has used the mudra (signature) "Muvva Gopala" as a reference to himself, which is also a name for Krishna in Kshetrayya's village Muvva, now called as Movva . Kshetrayya's work has played a major role in influencing poetry, dance, music of
760-547: A poet and Yogi. So high was the regard for Vemana that a popular Telugu saying goes 'Vemana's word is the word of the Vedas '. He is celebrated for his style of Chaatu padyam , a poem with a hidden meaning. Many lines of Vemana's poems are now colloquial phrases of the Telugu language. They end with the signature line Viswadhaabhi Raama, Vinura Vema , literally Beloved of Viswadha, listen Vema . There are many interpretations of what
836-679: A pupil of Tikkana. If we assume that the Sumati Shatakam was indeed written by Baddena, it would rank as one of the earliest Shatakams in Telugu along with the Vrushadhipa Shatakam of Palkuriki Somanatha and the Sarveshwara Shatakam of Yathavakkula Annamayya. The Sumatee Shatakam is also one of the earliest Telugu works to be translated into a European language, as C. P. Brown rendered it in English in
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#1732773214602912-723: A social pastime. Most of these poems have memorable stories that go along with them that explain and contextualize them. They have passed through a lively oral tradition for hundreds of years, and been anthologized since the 19th century by scholars like Veturi Prabhakara Sastri . Many chatus are attributed to Srinatha , Tenali Rama , and other famous poets. These attributions, most of which are unverifiable, serve to make both mythologize these poets and judge their relative merit. Once made legends, they're free to interact anachronistically in chatus . Poets from different eras meet, exchange poems, and critique each other. In sum, chatus, "moving from gnomic advice to metalinguistic criticism, through
988-403: Is a Shatavadhani , and after performing Sahasraavadhaanam is called Sahasravadhani . A dwipada is a couplet with a specific rhyme scheme. A stanza contains two short lines, each with less than fifteen characters. Longer poems, composed of many dwipada , can be composed with a "highly musical" effect. Much of the extant corpus in this form was written using the common language of
1064-568: Is a state government agency which promotes tourism in Telangana. Telangana has a variety of tourist attractions including historical places, monuments, forts, water falls, forests and temples. Palkuriki Somanatha Palkuriki Somanatha was one of the most noted Telugu language writers of the 12th or 13th century. He was also an accomplished writer in the Kannada and Sanskrit languages and penned several classics in those languages. He
1140-582: Is a table of 2015 national output share of select agricultural crops and allied segments in Telangana based on 2011 prices Agri Export Zones for the following produce are proposed at the places mentioned against them: Telangana is developing into a seed hub in India, and was selected as a certifying agency as per OECD standards , for 10 states. The state cultivated seeds in 2,251 acres and exported 17,000 quintals to countries like Sudan, Egypt, Philippines and in 2017-18, it expanded cultivation to 2,567 acre and
1216-681: Is a village by the name Palkuriki in the Warangal district of the Telangana state as well as in the Kannada speaking region ( Karnataka ). He spent his last days in Karnataka in a village called Kalya located in Magadi Taluk of Ramanagara district in Karnataka, the story goes that Palkuriki Somanatha upon wanting to see the devout nun Sarvashile Chennamma who was residing in Kalya, came to
1292-491: Is a well-known example of the form. Srinatha was widely regarded as the Kavi Sarvabhowma ("the emperor among poets"). Kumaragiri Vema Reddy ( Telugu : వేమన ), popularly known as Yogi Vemana, was a 14th-century Telugu poet. His poems were written in the popular vernacular of Telugu, and are known for their use of simple language and native idioms. His poems discuss the subjects of Yoga , wisdom and morality. There
1368-470: Is an instant hit with every corners of society. Many writers followed his style and continue to enrich the literature. Economy of Telangana Telangana is one of the fastest-growing states in India posing average annual growth rate of 13.90% over the last five years. Telangana's nominal gross state domestic product for the year 2023-24 stands at ₹15.2 lakh crore (US$ 180 billion). Service sector
1444-455: Is born Svarochisha, the father of Svarochishamanu. The theme for his Manu Charitra is a short story from Markandeya Purana . It is about second Manu of fourteen manus (fathers of mankind societies according to Hindu mythology), translated into Telugu from Sanskrit by Marana (1291–1323), disciple of Tikkana. The original story was around 150 poems and Peddana extended into six chapters with 600 poems by adding fiction and descriptions. His work
1520-536: Is considered the highest form of verse. The essentials of such a composition according to the Telugu poetic theory are: In the earliest period, Telugu literature existed in the form of inscriptions, from around 400 BC. The 6th- or 7th-century Sanskrit text Janashrayi-Chhandovichiti (or Janāśraya-chandas ) deals with the metres used in Telugu, including some metres that are not found in Sanskrit prosody . This indicates that Telugu poetry existed during or around
1596-493: Is his greatest gift to Telugu people. Other notable works of Chinnayasuri include Neeti Chandrika , Sootandhra Vyaakaranamu , Andhra Dhatumoola and Neeti Sangrahamu . Chinnayasuri translated Mitra Labham and Mitra Bhedam from the Sanskrit Panchatantra as Neeti Chandrika . Kandukuri Veeresalingam and Kokkonda Venkata Ratnam Pantulu followed his style of prose writing and wrote Vigrahamu and Sandhi in
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#17327732146021672-485: Is known as the Pada-kavita Pitaamaha of the Telugu language. He was born to a Vaidiki Brahmin family and his works are considered to have dominated and influenced the structure of Carnatic music compositions. Annamacharya is said to have composed as many as 32,000 sankeertanas (songs) on Bhagwaan Govinda Venkateswara, of which only about 12,000 are available today. His keertana compositions are based on
1748-471: Is no consensus among scholars about the period in which Vemana lived. C.P. Brown , known for his research on Vemana, estimates the year of birth to be the year 1352 based on some of his verses. His poems are four lines in length. The fourth line is, in the majority of the cases, the chorus Viswadhabhirama Vinura Vema – he thus conveyed his message with three small lines written in a simple vernacular. He traveled widely across south India, acquiring popularity as
1824-684: Is predominantly religious in subject matter. Poets and scholars drew most of their material from, and spent most of their time translating, epics, such as the Ramayana , the Mahabharata , the Bhagavata and the Purāṇas . From the sixteenth century onwards, rarely known episodes from the Purāṇas would form the basis for the tradition of Telugu-language kavya . Literary works, drawn from episodes of
1900-506: Is rendered in the Champu style, is chaste and polished and of a high literary merit. The advanced and well-developed language used by Nannaya suggests that prior Telugu literature other than royal grants and decrees must have existed before him. However, these presumed works are now lost . Nannaya completed the first two chapters and a part of the third chapter of the Mahābhārata epic, which
1976-413: Is rendered in the Champu style. Nannaya's Andhra Mahabharatam was almost completed by Tikkana Somayaji ( Telugu : తిక్కన సోమయాజి ; 1205–1288 CE) who wrote chapters 4 to 18. Errapragada ( Telugu : ఎర్రాప్రగడ ) or Yerrapragada ) who lived in the 14th century, finished the epic by completing the third chapter. He mimics Nannaya's style in the beginning, slowly changes tempo and finishes the chapter in
2052-545: Is the earliest available Telugu Dandaka (a rhapsody which uses the same gana or foot throughout). His second work was Virabhadra Vijayamu which describes the adventures of Virabhadra , son of Shiva . As a young man, he was a devotee of Shiva and also Rama and was more interested in salvation, from which came the inspiration to translate the Bhagavata Purāṇas . Tallapaka Annamacharya (or Annamayya) ( Telugu : శ్రీ తాళ్ళపాక అన్నమాచార్య ) (9 May 1408 – 23 February 1503)
2128-516: Is the largest contributor to the Telangana's economy with a share of about 65% in the year 2018-19. Growth in services has largely been fuelled by IT services with the State holding leading position in IT & ITeS in the country in terms of production and exports. Around 54% of GDP comes from Hyderabad metropolitan . Agriculture also form a backbone of Telangana's Economy. Two important rivers of India,
2204-456: Is the practice of singing the anupallavi first then the pallavi (second verse followed by first verse). Most of the padams are of the theme of longing for the coming of the Krishna. He wrote with Sringara as a main theme in expressing madhurabhakti (devotion to the supreme). Sringara is a motif where the mundane sexual relationship between a Nayaki (woman) and a Nayaka (man) is used as
2280-522: Is usually nicknamed as Cyberabad due to its information technology foray and location of major software industries in the city. Prior to secession, it contributed 15% to India's and 98% to Andhra Pradesh's exports in IT and ITES sectors last 2013, with Hyderabad as in the front line of Telangana's aims to promote information technology in India, the city boasts the HITEC City as its premier hub. Telangana State Tourism Development Corporation (TSTDC)
2356-545: The Prahalada Bhakti Vijayam and the Nauka Charitam . Prahlada Bhakti Vijayam is in five acts with 45 kritis set in 28 ragas and 138 verses, in different metres in Telugu. Nauka Charitam is a shorter play in one act with 21 kritis set in 13 ragas and 43 verses. The latter is the most popular of Tyagaraja's operas, and is a creation of the composer's own imagination and has no basis in
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2432-483: The Basavaragada . His contributions to Kannada literature are, the Basavaragada , Basavadhyaragada , Sadgururagada , Silasampadane , Sahasragananama , Pancharantna . Several Vachana and ragale poems are also his contributions to Kannada literature. Somanatha's Telugu Basavapurana was the inspiration for Vijayanagara poet Bhimakavi (c. 1369) who wrote a Kannada book by the same name. Somanatha
2508-621: The Bhagavata Purāṇa . Often overlooked is the fact that Tyagaraja's works are some of the best and most beautiful literary expressions in Telugu language . Valmiki composed the Ramayana , the story of Rama, with 24,000 verses and also composed 24,000 kritis in praise of the lord. Paravastu Chinnayasuri ( Telugu : పరవస్తు చిన్నయ సూరి ) (1807–1861) wrote Baala Vyaakaranamu in a new style after doing extensive research on Andhra Grammar which
2584-702: The Challapalli Samasthanam and possibly of his father as well. Purushottama Kavi is recognized for composing literary works in Telugu consisting of one hundred poetic stanzas, known as satakams . Kasula Purushottama Kavi is known for composing the Andhra Nayaka Satakam on Srikakula Andhra Mahavishnu Kasula Purushottama Kavi also composed Hamsaladeevi Gopala Shatakam , Manasa Bodha Shatakam , Bhakta Kalpadruma Shatakam , and Venugopala Shatakam . Mulugu Papayaradhya , also known as Mulugu Papayya or Sangameswara Sastry, (1778 – 1852)
2660-644: The Godavari and Krishna , flow through the state, providing irrigation . Farmers in Telangana mainly depend on rain-fed water sources for irrigation. Rice is the major food crop. Other important local crops are cotton, sugar cane, mango and tobacco. Recently, crops used for vegetable oil production, such as sunflower and peanuts, have gained favour. There are many multi-state irrigation projects in development, including Godavari River Basin Irrigation Projects . The state has also started to focus on
2736-418: The Godavari , Krishna flow through the state, providing irrigation . Apart from major rivers, there are small rivers as Tunga Bhadra, Bima, Dindi, Kinnerasani, Manjeera, Manair, Penganga, Pranahitha, peddavagu and Taliperu. There are many multi-state irrigation projects in development, including Godavari River Basin Irrigation Projects and Nagarjuna Sagar Dam , the world's highest masonry dam. Given below
2812-525: The Mahabharata by Thimmaya, the Ramayana by Ranganadha, and the Bhagavatam by Tekumalla Ranga Sai. The form declined after the dwipada works of the early 17th century king-poet Raghunatha Nayak of Tanjore . Dwipada's accessibility has sometimes meant it was not a prestigious form of Telugu poetry. In the 19th century, scholar Charles Philip Brown noted "the learned despise couplets because
2888-563: The Mahabharata was first translated to Telugu from Sanskrit by Nannaya . The language has experienced a golden age under the patronage of the Vijayanagara Emperor-Poet Krishnadevaraya . There are various sources available for information on early Telugu writers. Among these are the prologues to their poems, which followed the Sanskrit model by customarily giving a brief description of the writer,
2964-553: The Mahabharata . She presented the Telugu nativity and culture in the story taken from Sanskrit epic. Allasani Peddana ( Telugu : అల్లసాని పెద్దన ) (15th and 16th centuries) was ranked as the foremost of the Ashtadiggajalu the title for the group of eight poets in the court of Krishnadevaraya , a ruler of the Vijayanagara Empire. Peddana was a native of Somandepalli near Anantapur . Allasani Peddana wrote
3040-619: The Markandeya Purāṇas relating to the birth of Svarochishamanu, who is one of the fourteen Manus . Pravarakhya is a pious Brahmin youth who goes to the Himalayas for Tapasya . In the Himalayas Varudhini , a Gandharva girl, falls in love with him, but Pravarakyudu rejects her love. Knowing this a Gandharva youth who was earlier rejected by Varudhini assumes the form of Pravarakhya and succeeds to win her love. To them
3116-616: The Prabandham genres during the Prabandha yugam . Telugu literature uses an expression in verse called Champu , which mixes prose and poetry. Although it is the dominant literary form, there are exceptions: for example, Tikkana composed Uttara Ramayana entirely in verse. New devices for the dissemination of knowledge among the people were developed in the form of the Dvipada and Sataka styles. Dvipada , sometimes written
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3192-428: The Purāṇas under the name Akhyana or Khanda , became popular along with depictions of the fortune of a single hero under the title of Charitra, Vijaya, Vilasa and Abhyudaya. Such titles are examples of what would become the most common subject matter of poetry. In the eighteenth-century, marriages of heroes under the title Parinaya, Kalyana and Vivāha became popular. Religious literature consisted of biographies of
3268-583: The Ranganadha Ramayana , a version of the Ramayana that became incredibly popular for its singability, vernacular diction, and stories not found in Valmiki's version . The form reached its apex with Palnati Vira Charitra, popularly ascribed to the 14th century poet Srinatha . By the end of the Prabandha era, the three most important Sanskrit poems had been translated into Telugu in dwipada:
3344-580: The Vishishtadvaita school of thought. Annamayya was educated in this system of Ramanuja by Sri Satagopa Yateendra of the Ahobila matham. Tallapaka Tirumalamma ( Telugu : తాళ్ళపాక తిరుమలమ్మ ) (Annamacharya's wife) wrote Subhadra Kalyanam , and is considered the first female poet in Telugu literature. Her main work, Subhadra Kalyanam , which consists of 1170 poems, is about the marriage of Arjuna and Subhadra , who are characters that appear in
3420-485: The 12th century. Sumati Shatakam , which is a neeti ("moral"), is one of the most famous Telugu Shatakams . Shatakam is composed of more than a 100 padyalu (poems). According to many literary critics Sumati Shatakam was composed by Baddena Bhupaludu ( Telugu : బద్దెన భూపాల ; 1220–1280 CE). He was also known as Bhadra Bhupala. He was a Chola prince and a vassal under the Kakatiya empress Rani Rudrama Devi , and
3496-462: The 1840s. Srinatha ( Telugu : శ్రీనాథుడు ) (1365–1441) popularised the Prabandha style of composition. He was a minister in the court of Pedakomati Vemareddy of Kondaveedu and wrote Salivahana Saptasati , Sivaratri Mahatyam , Harivilasa , Bhimakanda , Kasi Khandam , Srungara Naishadham , Palanati Veera Charitra , Dhananjaya Vijayam , Srungara Dipika . These works were concerned with history and mythology. Srinatha's Srungara Naishadhamu
3572-545: The 1980s discoveries in Karimnagar. This is the period of Kavi Trayam or Trinity of Poets. Nannayya , Tikkana and Yerrapragada (or Errana) are known as the Kavi Trayam. Andhra Mahabharatam of Nannayya Bhattarakudu ( Telugu : నన్నయ ; 1022–1063 CE), is generally regarded as the first Telugu literary composition ( Adi Kavyam ) and Nannaya as the first poet ( Adi Kavi ) of Telugu language. His work, which
3648-602: The 6th century. Malliya Rechana (940 CE) composed the first Telugu poetic prosody book Kavijanasrayam (pre-Nannayya chandassu) around 940 AD. This was a popular one and referred by many poets. There seems to be even an earlier prosody book by Rechana's guru Vaadindra Chudamani which is not available. Veturi Prabhakara Sastry in 1900s mentioned the existence of Pre-Nannayya Chandassu in Raja Raja Narendra Pattabhisheka Sanchika. Accurate dating of this piece of literature happened after
3724-518: The South Indian tradition. Kshetrayya was intimately connected with the devadasi women of the temples of south India, who were the subject of many of his compositions. The devadasis were traditionally in possession of the musical/poetic interpretations of his work for a long period of time till the devadasi system was abolished and the compositions became more accepted in the musical community as valuable works of art. The musical community also owes
3800-469: The domains of desire, social commentary, the articulation of cultural values, and critical taste, these interlocking stanzas embody an entire education, an expressive vision of life and poetry." A satakamu literally means "an anthology of a hundred poems", but the number is usually somewhat higher, often an auspicious number like 108. The anthology is meant to be taken together. A list of notable such anthologies: The Praudha Prabandha or Maha Kavya
3876-426: The fields of information technology and biotechnology . There are 68 Special Economic Zones in the state. Telangana is a mineral-rich state, with coal reserves at Singareni Coal mines. Rice is the major food crop and staple food of the state. Other important crops are tobacco, mango, cotton, and sugar cane . Agriculture has been the chief source of income for the state's economy. Important rivers of India,
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#17327732146023952-404: The first major Prabandha and for this reason he is revered as Andhra Kavita Pitamaha ("the grand father of Telugu poetry"). It is believed that he was also a minister in the king's court and is hence sometimes referred as Peddanaamaatya ( Peddana + Amaatya = Peddana, the minister). He wrote Swaarochisha Manu Sambhavam (also known as Manu Charitra ), which is a development of an episode in
4028-563: The founders of religion, their teachings, sāra , as well as commentaries, bhashya . Traditional Hindu knowledge systems such as Vedic astrology , the Arthashastra , grammar, moral aphorisms , and bhakti (devotional psalms) to deities within the Hindu pantheon are characteristics of more popular works of Telugu literature. The various forms of literature found in Telugu are: Ashtadiggajas have written in all three of
4104-502: The last line signifies. Bammera Potanaamatya ( Telugu : బమ్మెర పోతన ) (1450–1510) is best known for his translation of the Bhagavata Purana from Sanskrit to Telugu. His work, Andhra Maha Bhagavatamu . He was born into a Brahmin family and was considered to be a Sahaja Kavi ("natural poet") who needed no teacher. He wrote Bhogini Dandakam a poem praising king Singa Bhoopala's consort danseuse, Bhogini, while young. This
4180-613: The most famous composer of Telugu padams , is said to have composed a padam a day for the god of the Tirupati temple, Venkateswara . His poems, of which 13,000 survive on copper plates stored in the temple vaults, deal with the "infinite varieties and nuances of the god’s love life" and "his sense of himself as an agonized, turbulent human being in relation to the god he worships". Chatus (meaning "charming utterance") are remembered poems passed on by recitation. In premodern South India, literate people recited chatus to each other as
4256-466: The poems thus written are in a flowing easy style which uneducated persons read with enjoyment." Only a few writers today use it out of lingering respect its history. Padams are lyric poems usually meant to be sung, with an opening line or lines called a pallavi , followed by three caranam verses, each of which is followed by the pallavi refrain. The padam is thus "a highly integrated, internally resonant syntactic and thematic unit." Annamacharya ,
4332-403: The praise of Shiva). Dhurjati took themes from Purāṇas and added local stories and myths in his work. Unlike contemporaries such as Peddana and Mallana, who chose the stories of kings, he chose devotion as his theme. Krishnadevaraya praised Dhurjati, saying "Stuti mati yaina Andhrakavi Dhurjati palkulakelagalgeno yetulita madhuri mahima...." (How is Dhurjati's poetry so immeasurably beautiful). He
4408-559: The rule of the Vijayanagara dynasty, and the period of Krishnadevaraya's rule in the sixteenth century is considered to be the golden age of Telugu literature. Krishnadevaraya, a poet himself, introduced the Prabandha to Telugu literature. Amukta Malyada . Krishna Deva Raya wrote the book Amuktamalyada in Telugu, describing the pangs of separation suffered by Andal (an incarnation of the goddess Mahalakshmi . He describes Andal's physical beauty in thirty verses; using descriptions of
4484-527: The son of Dasaratha, an avatar of Rama . Tarikonda Venkamamba ( Telugu : తరికొండ వెంకమాంబ ; alternate spelling: Vengamamba, born 1730) was a poet and staunch devotee of Venkateswara in the 18th century. She wrote numerous poems and songs. Tyagaraja or Tyagabrahmam ( Telugu : కాకర్ల త్యాగబ్రహ్మం ) (1767–1847) of Tanjore composed devotional songs in Telugu, which form a big part of the repertoire of Carnatic music. In addition to nearly 600 compositions (kritis), Tyagaraja composed two musical plays in Telugu,
4560-532: The spring and the monsoon as metaphors. As elsewhere in Indian poetry, the sensual pleasure of union extends beyond the physical level and becomes a path to, and a metaphor for, spirituality and ultimate union with the divine. His court had the Ashtadiggajas ("eight elephants"), who were considered to be the greatest of poets of that time. Some critics dismiss the following period, dominated by prabandhas , as
4636-490: The story of Udbhata, a monk, as well as Ghatikachala Mahatyam about Ghatikachalam , a place of worship for God Narasimha near Vellore . He followed the Prabandha style. He took the theme for Panduranga Mahatyam from the Skanda Purana and enhanced it with many stories about the devotees of God Vitthala (Panduranga). He is noted for brilliance and wit and for mocking other poets and great personalities. He created
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#17327732146024712-401: The time. The form's musicality and accessibility made the form a natural fit for spreading religious messages. Palkuriki Somanatha the first to write in this form in the 12th or 13th century. His works Basava Puranam and Panditaradhya Charitra were "immensely singable" devotional works to Shiva as Basaveshwara . Influenced by Shaivaite poets' use of dwipada , a Vaishnavite poet wrote
4788-780: The village and upon the latter's request stayed back in the same village until his death, his gaddige (tomb) is located in the village and is worshipped by the devout to this day, this information is recorded in the biography of Palkuriki Somanatha published by the Sahitya Akamdemi. Important among his Telugu language writings are the Basava Purana , Panditaradhya charitra , Malamadevipuranamu and Somanatha Stava –in dwipada metre ("couplets"); Anubhavasara , Chennamallu Sisamalu , Vrushadhipa Saataka and Cheturvedasara –in verses; Basavodharana in verses and ragale metre (rhymed couplets in blank verse); and
4864-402: The writer and composer of a song) in the Telugu language. His devotional lyrics to Rama are famous in South Indian classical music as Ramadaasu Keertanalu . Even the doyen of South Indian classical music Saint Thyagaraja learned and later improved the style now considered standard kriti form of music composition. He also has written Dasarathi Shatakamu a collection of nearly 100 poems dedicated to
4940-670: The writing style of Tikkana. These three writers – Nannaya, Tikkana and Yerrapragada – are known as the Kavitraya ("three great poets") of Telugu. Other translations such as the Markandeya Puranam , by the disciple of Tikkana Somayaji , Marana; the Dasakumara Charita , by Ketana ; and Yerrapragada 's Harivamsam followed. Many scientific works, like Ganitasarasangrahamu by Pavuluri Mallana and Prakirnaganitamu by Eluganti Peddana, were written in
5016-537: Was dwipada , means 'two feet'—a couplet — and sataka means 'hundred'—signifying a cento of verses). Popular satakas include: the Sarveshvara, Kalahastishvara , and Dasarathi satakas . There are some satakas which are divided into ten groups of ten verses called dasaka which is adopted from Prakrit . Avadhanam is a literary performance popular from the very ancient days in Sanskrit and more so in Telugu and Kannada languages. It requires
5092-540: Was a Telugu and Sanskrit scholar, preceptor, translator, and writer, known for his translation of the Devi Bhagavatam from Sanskrit into Telugu and for being the preceptor and court poet of the Raja of Amavarati, Vasireddy Venkatadri Nayudu . Mulugu Papayaradhya was born to Viranaradhya and Akkamba. He is known to have written more than a hundred works in Telugu and Sanskrit. He was titled as Abhinava Kalidasa. He
5168-614: Was a Veera Shaivite acharya (preceptor). Mulugu Papayaradhya is regarded as the first poet to translate the Devi-Bhagavata Purana into Telugu. From the more than hundred works he wrote, Kalyanacampu , Ekadasivratacampu , Aryasati , Sivastotra , and Vedantasarasangraha are among the more prominent works. Papayaradhya also wrote the Ahalya Sankrandana Vilasamu . Kshetrayya or Kshetragna ( Telugu : క్షేత్రయ్య ) ( c. 1600–1680 CE )
5244-524: Was a Veerashaiva a follower of the 12th century social reformer Basava and his writings were primarily intended to propagate this faith. He was a well acclaimed Shaiva poet . The trio of Nanne Choda , Mallikarjuna Panditaradhya and Palkuriki Somanatha are referred as Śivakavitrayam (i.e. Trio of Saivite Poets). These trio along with Piduparthi poets and Yathavakkula Annamayya pioneered Veera Saiva movement in Andhra region. Indication that he
5320-519: Was a prolific poet and composer of Carnatic music. He lived in the area of Andhra Pradesh . He composed a number of padams and keertanas , the prevalent formats of his time. He is credited with more than 4000 compositions, although only a handful have survived. He composed his songs on his favourite deity Krishna (Gopala) in Telugu. He perfected the padam format that is still being used today. His padams are sung in dance ( Bharatanatyam and Kuchipudi ) and music recitals. A unique feature of his padams
5396-712: Was another sixteenth-century court poet of the Vijayanagara empire and also one of the Ashtadiggajas . His family had originally hailed from Tenali in Guntur district , he was born in a Telugu Niyogi Brahmin family. His famous work Panduranga Mahatyamu is one among the Pancha Kavyas . He dedicated that to Viruri Vedadri . This book is about the Pundarika Kshetram on the banks of river Bhaimi and its legend. He also composed Udbhataradhya Charitram on
5472-674: Was expecting yield of 26,000 quintals. Several major manufacturing and services industries are in operation mainly around Hyderabad . Automobiles and auto components industry, spices, mines and minerals, textiles and apparels, pharmaceutical , horticulture, poultry farming are the main industries in Telangana. The state government is in the process of developing Industrial Parks at different places, for specific groups of industries. The existing parks are Software Park at Hyderabad, HITEC City for software units, Apparel Park at Gundlapochampalli , Export Promotion Park at Pashamylaram, Bio-technology park at Turkapally . In terms of services, Hyderabad
5548-437: Was known as Pedda Dhurjati ("Elder Dhurjati") as there were four other people from the same family line who went by the name of Dhurjati during the same period and after him. His grandson Venkataraya Dhurjati, wrote Indumati Parinayam ("Marriage of Indumati"), a story from Kalidasa 's Raghuvamsa . Krishnadevaraya ( Telugu : శ్రీ కృష్ణదేవరాయ ) was an emperor of Vijayanagara Kingdom. Literary activities flourished during
5624-405: Was not a Shaiva by birth comes from the fact that he mentions the names of his parents in his very first work, Basava Purana , as Visnuramideva and Sriyadevi, violating a general practice of Shaiva writers who do not mention their real parents but rather consider the god Shiva as the father and his consort Parvati as the mother. However, the scholar Bandaru Tammayya has argued that he was born
5700-467: Was the army chief under Chikka Deva Raya (1672–1704) of the Mysore Kingdom. Kancherla Gopanna ( Telugu : కంచెర్ల గోపన్న ; c. 1620 – c. 1680 CE ), popularly known as Bhadradri Ramadasu or Bhadrachala Ramadasu ( Telugu : భద్రాచల రామదాసు ), was a 17th-century Indian devotee of Rama and a composer of Carnatic music. He is one among the famous vaggeyakaras (same person being
5776-655: Was treated as one of the Pancha Kavyas , the five best works in Telugu. Some of his other famous works such as Harikathaasaaramu are untraceable now. Dhurjati or Dhoorjati ( Telugu : ధూర్జటి ) (15th and 16th centuries) was a poet in the court of Krishnadevaraya and was one of the 'Ashtadiggajalu'. He was born to Singamma and Narayana in Sri Kalahasti and was the grandson of Jakkayya. His works include Sri Kalahasteeswara Mahatyam (The grace or miracles of Shiva) and Sri Kalahasteeshwara Shatakam (100+ poems in
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