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102-430: The city serves as the municipal seat for the surrounding municipality, with which it shares a name. The municipality reported 116,143 inhabitants in 2010, a growth rate of 1.5% for each of the previous ten years. The municipality has an area of 87.869 km (33.926 sq mi). Temixco is 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) from Cuernavaca and 85 kilometres (53 mi) from Mexico City . The area around Xochicalco (In

204-540: A 90-minute drive using the Federal Highway 95D . The name Cuernavaca is a euphonism derived from the Nahuatl toponym Cuauhnāhuac and means 'surrounded by or close to trees'. The name was Hispanicized to Cuernavaca ; Hernán Cortés called it Coadnabaced in his letters to Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor , and Bernal Díaz del Castillo used the name Cuautlavaca in his chronicles. The coat-of-arms of

306-455: A boycott against Costco for having destroyed the Casino de la Selva to build a couple of warehouses. One of its members, Professor Jaime Lagunez, lobbied a general agreement in the national congress for the purpose of protecting its sixty archeological sites, its vegetation, historic center, and neighboring forests, among other important cultural aspects of the city. The Frente Civico received

408-404: A colony of Bauhaus designers grew in the city during World War II. Cuernavaca always has been a popular place for people from Mexico City to escape the city. In the 20th century, the climate and flora began to attract many foreigners as well. Population increase in this urban area began in 1940, but the metro area was not created, nor recognized, until the 1960s. From this time the population and

510-582: A concentration camp. The Japanese had moved in by 1943. A school for Japanese students was established in Temixco to serve those on the hacienda. Eventually, Mexican parents began asking for their children to attend the Temixco Japanese school. The Hacienda of Temixco continued to cultivate sugar cane until 1968 when it became a water park. Today it includes swimming pools, a wave pool, a river, and athletic fields. Due to migration from other states,

612-676: A curfew and possible arrest for 36 hours for violators during the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico . Open-air restaurants and bars were closed. Mayor Antonio Villalobos Adan commented on 1 May that the city needs a new cemetery with capacity for 15,000 people, since the city's seven cemeteries are all saturated. It is already estimated that 40% of the population in the Antonio Barona neighborhood has been contaminated by COVID-19. On 2 June, Cuernavaca reported 393 confirmed cases and 83 deaths from

714-455: A defender of his hometown and its people. He fought ceaselessly against the encroachments of the neighboring hacienda of Temixco , against deforestation , and against land dispossession in general. These crusades brought him into conflict with the law of Porfirio Díaz 's regime, which sought to strengthen the hacendados at the expense of commoners. De la O grew to hate the Díaz regime, mostly on

816-486: A dirt floor; 2,242 consist of a single room; 20,744 have water and sewage; 21,011 have electricity; 2,560 have a computer, and 20,338 have television. The average education level is 8 years. Temixco is 14 kilometers (8.7 miles) from Cuernavaca and 101 km (62.8 miles) from Mexico City. Cuentepec is located at 18°51′37″N 99°19′35″W  /  18.860278°N 99.326389°W  / 18.860278; -99.326389 , 1,390 meters (4,560 feet) above sea level. It has

918-477: A favorite escape for Mexico City residents and foreign visitors because of its warm, stable climate and abundant vegetation. The municipality was designated a Forest Protection Zone by President Lázaro Cárdenas in 1937 to protect the aquifers, the vegetation, and the quality of life of residents, both in Mexico City and locally. The city was nicknamed the "City of Eternal Spring" by Alexander von Humboldt in

1020-482: A fortress, with cannons mounted above the buttresses . Over time, this church underwent a number of transformations, updating its interior. This was undone in the mid-20th century, when restoration work removed all the Neoclassical altars and images. These now are stored in the cathedral's pinacotheca and not available to the public. Restoration work uncovered al fresco murals on the lateral walls, relating to

1122-743: A home on the outskirts of the city. Princess Maria Beatrice of Savoy (b. 1943) lived there from 1971 to 1999, and the Shah of Iran, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi , lived in exile in the city following the Iranian Revolution. Although a native of the U.S., Bauhaus designer Michael van Beuren established his residence in a family hacienda in Cuernavaca while fleeing the rise of the Nazi regime in Germany (where he studied and practiced his profession), and

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1224-530: A population of 1,388. Campo Sotelo is located at 18°50′01″N 99°12′49″W  /  18.833611°N 99.213611°W  / 18.833611; -99.213611 and is located at 1,230 meters (4,035 feet) above sea level. It has a population of 560 people. It is located 2.7 km (1.7 miles) from the City of Temixco. Solidaridad is located at 18°51′10″N 99°16′01″W  /  18.852778°N 99.266944°W  / 18.852778; -99.266944 and

1326-468: A population of 3,549, of whom 3,514 speak an Indigenous language. It is 33 km (20.5 miles) from the municipal capital and three km (two miles) from the archaeological zone of Xochicalco . The adventure park Cuentepec Extremo is found within the community. San Agustín Tetlama is located at 18°49′47″N 99°17′02″W  /  18.829722°N 99.283889°W  / 18.829722; -99.283889 , 1,285 meters (4216 feet) above sea level. It has

1428-570: A solid drubbing to a group of generals led by General Robles, and inspired thousands to flock into his division. De la O's forces took the town of Huitzilac in the Spring of 1912, but the Federalists were reluctant to give it up. General Ojeda tried to evacuate the town’s supplies and equipment, but de la O exacted a heavy toll attacking the convoys. He defended the town with success, but in 1912 General Naranjo infiltrated and burned most of it to

1530-475: A weekend home in Cuernavaca on the street that today bears his name. It was here that his daughter Anne met famed aviator Charles Lindbergh , whom Morrow had invited to Mexico. In celebration of his daughter's engagement to Lindbergh and to thank the people of Cuernavaca, in 1929 Morrow commissioned Diego Rivera to paint the mural " History of Morelos, Conquest and Revolution " at the Palacio de Cortes. During

1632-596: Is concentrated in the city proper. Burials dated to c. 1000 BCE have been found in Gualupita, Morelos, in the north of the city. The first major culture to inhabit this area was the Tlahuica , whose main settlement was where the city of Cuernavaca is today. The Tlahuicas have inhabited this area at least since the 12th century. The first incursions south into the area by peoples of the Valley of Mexico occurred in

1734-515: Is easily recognizable by the large stone statue of José María Morelos, which is known colloquially as "Morelotes". The Juárez Garden is located to the north of the State Government Palace and is the oldest public square in Cuernavaca. The Garden contains a kiosk sometimes said to be designed by Gustave Eiffel and brought from Britain toward the end of the 19th century. Unlike most main squares in Mexico, neither of these open up

1836-552: Is located at 1,320 meters (4,331 feet) above sea level. It has a population of 501 people. It is located 7 km (4.3 miles) from the City of Temixco. Acatlipa (from Nahuatl , meaning Sanctuary of the god of wind ) is south of the city of Temixco bordering Xochitepec . It consists of fifteen neighborhoods and includes the "Ojo de Agua" water park. Its three most important festivals are April 2 (the town anniversary), November 30 ( San Andrés Apostol ), and January 20 ( Immaculate Conception ). Agriculture accounts for about one-third of

1938-517: Is located in the center of the city. Located on the grounds of a 16th-century sugar cane hacienda, the park has 20 pools, a wave pool, a wild river, four water slides, restaurants, picnic area, soccer field, and parking area. Parque Acuático Ojo de Agua in Acatlipa has an Olympic pool, water slide, picnic area, hanging bridge, and mini zoo. There are a variety of stores with clothing, shoes, construction materials, food and groceries, and hardware in

2040-527: Is one of the oldest constructions on the site. The building consists of a vault with three arches that face the atrium. These arches are supported by a pair of flying buttresses . Inside the arches is an altarpiece dating from the 17th century. Genovevo de la O Genovevo de la O (January 3, 1876 – June 12, 1952) was an important figure in the Mexican Revolution in Morelos. He

2142-580: Is why so few Black people participated in the Independence movement of 1810 but took the side of the Spanish. Yermo led the September 15, 1808 golpe de estado (French & English: Coup d'état ) against Viceroy José de Iturrigaray , who was replaced the following day by Viceroy Pedro de Garibay , ending the criollos' "Patriotas de Fernando VII" attempt to legally achieve independence. When

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2244-504: The COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico in mid-March, about the same time that Mexico entered Phase 2 of the pandemic and schools were closed. The National Guard was called for its help in closing swimming pools in condominiums. Three hundred eighty-three cases were reported on December 27, 2020. After health workers were vaccinated, on February 17 Temixco became the first municipality in Morelos to vaccinate senior citizens (60+) with 15,170 doses of AstraZeneca vaccine . There are 36 communities in

2346-673: The Mexican War of Independence broke out in 1810, Gabriel Joaquín de Yermo converted the hacienda into a supply center for the Royalists. The State of Mexico was created in 1824, and the District of Cuernavaca was formed. The hacienda of Temixco was included in the municipality of Xochitepec within the District of Cuernavaca. Temixco became part of the State of Morelos when it was formed on April 17, 1869. There were two battles in

2448-589: The Plan of Cuernavaca , which permitted Antonio López de Santa Anna to disregard the laws protecting church property, exile Valentín Gómez Farías , reopen the university, and dissolve the tribunal that was set to convict Anastasio Bustamante for the assassination of Vicente Guerrero. In the same year, the State of Mexico declared Cuernavaca to be a city. During the Mexican–American War (1846-1847), Cuernavaca

2550-675: The Reform War (1857–1860) when conservatives rejected the liberal constitution of 1857, Juan Vicario voiced the cry of "Religión y Fueros" (Religion and Immunity) in Cuernavaca on 13 January 1858. In 1861, the Government of the State of Mexico created the districts of Cuernavaca, Jonacatepec, Tautepec, and Tetecala. In order to facilitate operations against the French during the French Intervention , President Juarez divided

2652-681: The Xochicalco archaeological site, and the Cuernavaca Airport . The Cuernavaca Airport is located in Tetlama. The airport opened on April 15, 1988 ; due to its short runway of only 2,772 metres (9,094 ft), it has offered on-again / off-again service since then. The airport currently hosts a school of aviation and there are plans to extend the runway and open the airport to commercial traffic soon (written April 13, 2019). Radiologico, XHTIX 100.1 FM, broadcasts from Temixco. Of

2754-555: The Xochicalco archaeological site, which includes a museum. There are hotels, restaurants, and night clubs. There are movie theaters in Temixco and Acatlipa. Cuentepec Extremo is an adventure park in Cuentepec. The main attraction is a cave that offers four rappel lines that lead to the Tembembe River. The park offers eight zip lines, camping, and hiking, and there are prehistoric cave paintings . Ex-Hacienda de Temixco

2856-554: The palace that was constructed in 1526. Cortes then moved the hacienda in Tlaltenango to Amatitlan. The Franciscans arrived in Cuernavaca in 1529 and founded their 5th monastery in New Spain there. This first group included Martín de Lua, Francisco Martínez, Luis Ortiz, Juan de Cervo, Francisco de Soto, Andrés de Córdova, Martín de Jesús, Juan Juárez , Juan de Motolinía , and Juan García de Cervo . Originally they lived at

2958-644: The presidency of Enrique Peña Nieto , and four members of his family were murdered by the Colombian drug cartel El Señorón in May 2020. Jazmin Juana Solano Lopez of Juntos Haremos Historia (Together we will make history coalition) was elected Presidente Municipal (municipal president) in the 2018 Mexican general election . The Canadian firm Alamos Gold proposed an open-pit gold mine in Tetlama in 2020. Morelos had its first case of infection during

3060-707: The 12th century, when a lord named Xolotl (ruler of Tetzcoco ) conquered most of the Valley of Mexico. An allied Chichimeca tribe also moved south into what is now northern Morelos state, making Techintecuitla lord of the Cuauhnahuac (as they called the city) area, with the Tlahuicas concentrated in the nearby towns of Yecapixtla and Yautecatle. According to the Tlatelolco Annals, in 1365, the lord of Cuauhnahuac, Macuilxochitl, tried to conquer lands as far as

3162-581: The 1920s and 1930s, Cuernavaca became a place to vacation and gamble when the Hotel de la Selva was converted into the Casino de la Selva , which attracted people such as Rita Hayworth , Bugsy Siegel , and Al Capone to Cuernavaca, however, gambling was shut down by Lázaro Cárdenas in 1934. He is the same president who declared the area a ZPG (Forest Protection Zone). The casino hosted very important artistic works, including murals of Alvarez Icaza, Messeguer, and

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3264-613: The 1960s, the city was one of the centers of the psychedelic movement . Timothy Leary tried psilocybin mushrooms there in the summer of 1960 and came back regularly to repeat the experience. There was a riot in Cuernavaca in February 1957 after a police officer shot and killed Jorge Garrigós. In 1966, Austrian priest Ivan Illich founded the Centro Intercultural de Documentación (CIDOC) to teach Spanish language and culture to North American missionaries. This center

3366-401: The 1980s permanent migration of Mexico City residents began, spurred by pollution and crime problems in the capital. The 1985 Mexico City earthquake also pushed many well-to-do families there, fearful of the next catastrophe. In many of these cases, the main breadwinner commutes each day to work in Mexico City. This has produced a considerable increase in housing developments on the outskirts of

3468-499: The 19th century. Aztec emperors had summer residences there, and considering its location of just a 1½-hour drive from Mexico City, today many Mexico City residents maintain homes there. Cuernavaca is also host to a large foreign resident population, including large numbers of students who come to study the Spanish language. Cuernavaca was one of the cities of the world nicknamed "City of Eternal Spring". This appelative derived from Alexander von Humboldt 's Researches concerning

3570-549: The 2004 National Mendez Arceo Human Rights Award for having protected the world cultural heritage found in the city. The 19 September 2017 earthquake with a magnitude of 7.1 killed four people and damaged or destroyed 180 homes, 11 churches, and 10 other Cuernavaca buildings, including the Cortés Palace, the cathedral, and the landmark Torre Latinoamericana , according to Fernando Manrique Rivas, general director of Protección Civil de Cuernavaca . Cuernavaca instituted

3672-488: The 21st century. Mayor Gisela Mota Ocampo was shot outside her home on January 2, 2016 . She died a few months later and was replaced by Irma Camacho García from 2016 to 2018. Camacho García had a tumultuous rule, becoming ill and dying six months later from cardiorespiratory arrest in July 2017. Then, a battle between rival drug gangs on November 30, 2017 , left six dead, including a baby. In 2020, Gambia Lozano, who worked for

3774-632: The 24,045 homes in the municipality, 21,884 (91%) have a television and 11,423 (47.5%) have computers. Axtel , Telmex , and Izzi Telecom provide Internet connections. There are 33 public and 4 private elementary schools in the municipality. There are two public general middle schools and five private ones. There are also three public technical middle schools, and five "telescundarias." There are one public high school and seven private high schools. Cuernavaca Cuernavaca ( Spanish pronunciation: [kweɾnaˈβaka] ; Classical Nahuatl : Cuauhnāhuac [kʷawˈnaːwak] , "near

3876-512: The Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan . They were led by Gonzalo de Sandoval and he was joined later by the conquistador , Hernán Cortés . The bridges were destroyed to prevent the Spanish from entering the city, but they were able to cross on a fallen tree. The Spanish troops pillaged and burned the city before retiring to nearby Acapantzingo , where they celebrated the first mass in Morelos on Sunday, 14 April 1521, before continuing their march on

3978-507: The Constitutionalists. However, Zapata lost control of Cuernavaca on 2 May 1916 and was forced to return to guerilla warfare. The Spanish flu came to Cuernavaca in 1918, leaving only 3,000 survivors, although by May 1920 it had a population of 12,799. Wealthy North Americans and Europeans established secondary residences in Cuernavaca and took long vacations there or frequently traveled back and forth, while servants maintained

4080-730: The Feathered Serpents) Xochicalco hosted a meeting with representatives from the Maya area, the Gulf Coast, and Oaxaca to adjust the calendar during a solar eclipse while Xochicalco was at its splendor. In about A.D. 830, the Nahuatl-speaking emigrated to the area south of the mountains of Ajusco, in what is the state of Morelos today. At the time of the formation of the Triple Alliance (1428),

4182-475: The Franciscans, called La Asunción, that dates back to the 16th century. It sits on the southeast corner of a large atrium , which also contains a number of other chapels that were built at different times and with different architectural styles. This complex is located at the intersection of Hidalgo and Morelos streets, a few blocks west of the town center. The cathedral was built by Cortés to double as

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4284-474: The French-installed monarch fell in 1867, Republican forces under Francisco Leyva , Ignacio Figueroa , and Ignacio Manuel Altamirano laid siege to Cuernavaca, which was defended by General Joaquín Ayestarán. The attackers cut off water supplies to the city and attacked on 3 January, but were met with a long series of street battles throughout the city. During the fighting, the general was killed and

4386-670: The Obregón regime, including de la O, remained in power in Mexico City. De la O held political posts until 1941 when he reached the age limit for service (sixty-five) and was forced to retire. Though officially retired, he remained involved in the affairs of Mexico. He formed Frente Zapatista in 1940 as a bastion of the ideals of Zapata. He helped found the Federation of Parties of the People in 1945, and presided over it. He died in peace while in his hometown of Santa María Ahuacatitlán,

4488-435: The Palacio a permanent local handicraft market in which one may purchase silver jewelry, T-shirts, beaded bracelets, pottery, hammocks, blankets, and much more. The Juárez and Morelos Gardens are in the center of the city, both of which are plazas lined with trees. Between the two is the State Government Palace, a three-story building with a tezontle façade built between 1955 and 1969. The Morelos Garden dates from 1908 and

4590-760: The Plan de Ayala, and the Zapatistas took up arms to defend their cause. De la O was made an infantry captain conducting guerrilla operations for Zapata in the northern part of Morelos. He moved up through the ranks of major, lieutenant colonel, and colonel before the year was out. Through 1911 and 1912, his division of the Liberation Army of the South operated in the area around Santa María and its neighboring towns, consistently beating back federalist forces. He forced enemy divisions to retreat to Cuernavaca , gave

4692-588: The Plan of Ayutla and his inauguration was celebrated with much pomp in the city. Ministers from Guatemala, the United States, and Great Britain, as well as the Apostolic Delegate and the Consuls of Belgium, Chile, and some Asian countries, moved to Cuernavaca and recognized the Álvarez government. In 1853, the District of Cuernavaca and the District of Mexico were declared separate. During

4794-692: The Republican forces withdrew, victorious, to Mexico City, but only after burning a large portion of the city. The State of Morelos was created in April 1869, with General Francisco Leyva as its first governor. Cuernavaca was declared the capital of the new state in November of the same year. In 1877, under Governor Carlos Pacheco , the Toluca -Cuernavaca highway was built and a rail connection created between Cuernavaca and Mexico City. The Porfirio Díaz Theater

4896-570: The San Francisquito hermitage, but later they constructed the open-air chapel, Capilla Abierta , at what was to become a monastery and eventually the Cuernavaca Cathedral . They extended their presence into the neighboring communities of Tetecala , Jiutepec , and Tlaquiltenango , among others, eventually forming the province of Santo Evangelio, which would be part of the province of Mexico in 1543. In 1646, this province

4998-563: The State of Mexico into three military districts. The third consisted of the territories of Cuernavaca, Yautepec , and Tetecala, with its capital in the city of Cuernavaca. Soon thereafter, this district fell into French hands. Maximilian I converted the Borda Garden into his summer residence and bought land in nearby Acapantzingo to construct a chalet. This prompted the construction of the Mexico-Cuernavaca highway. When

5100-413: The Valley of Mexico, but was met by the lord of Chalco , Tzalcualtitlan, with similar ambitions. The first Aztec emperor, Acamapichtli , began to expand his empire to the south of the Valley of Mexico and beyond in the 1370s. His successor, Huitzilihuitl , was eager to press on into what is now Morelos state because of the cotton grown there, it was called Tlalnahuatl at that time. He asked to marry

5202-549: The Zapatista cause in 1919. The leader of the revolution, Emiliano Zapata, was tricked and murdered by Colonel Jesús Guaijardo. This was a terrible blow to the Liberation Army of the South, which had already grown increasingly fractured after many long years of campaigning. Rather than seeing his cause and power expire along with Zapata, de la O and the other guerrilla generals, led by Gildardo Magaña, joined forces with

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5304-401: The architecture of Candela. The main vault was considered to be the "Mexican Sistine Chapel" by Nobel Prize author, Gabriel García Márquez. 1936 was the year that Malcolm Lowry wrote his short story, "Under The Volcano", which inspired his 1947 novel of the same name. It has never gone out of print and was made into a movie in 1984. Cuernavaca, or Quaunahuac, as it is called in the novel, and

5406-453: The barometrical measurement of Mr. Alzate, is one hundred and seven metres high. The city is located in a tropical region, but its temperature is fairly constant at 21–26 °C (70–79 °F). It is located on the southern slope of the Sierra de Chichinautzin mountains. In the morning, warm air flows up the mountains from the valley below and in the late afternoon, cooler air flows down from

5508-474: The battlements, and the thick walls are the most representative aspects of the original construction. It is said that this residence looks much like the mansion built in Santo Domingo by Diego Colón, the son of Christopher Columbus. Just outside the front of the building is an old pyramid base over which Cortés had the structure built, on a hill that dominated the old city. Petroglyphs recovered from

5610-553: The building was restored extensively and today houses the Museo Regional Cuauhnáhuac , dedicated to the history of Morelos State. It often is referred to as "the Palacio of Cortes". It has ten exhibit halls with maps, illustrations, photographs, works of art, and everyday items from various epochs representing the first human settlements in the state to the present day. It has murals created by Diego Rivera that reflect both Morelos and Mexican history. Adjacent to

5712-518: The capital. The Spanish had difficulty pronouncing the Nahua name of the city and changed it to Cuernavaca. Cortés returned to Cuernavaca in 1523, stopping in Tlaltenango, where he founded the Church of San José and constructed the first sugar plantation. The fertility of these lands compelled the conquistador to found his favorite residence here. Juana de Zúñiga, Cortes's wife, lived in Cuernavaca in

5814-597: The care of serious COVID-19 cases, reached 100% capacity on 15 January 2021. The Palacio de Cortés is east of the Morelos Garden and is considered to be the most representative building of Cuernavaca. Built by Hernán Cortés, it was finished in 1535. It is one of the oldest European-style, civil constructions in the Americas, but is executed in Renaissance style. The series of arches of the central terrace,

5916-577: The cathedral and several smaller chapels on a very large atrium. The Revolution Garden was the orchard of the Cathedral, and the cloister with its observatory, is now the Robert Brady Museum . The church became the Cathedral of Cuernavaca in 1891. Next to the cathedral is the "open chapel" ( capilla abierta ) of San José, which is an original structure built in the 16th century. It also was rescued and restored by Bishop Méndez Arceo and

6018-436: The city of Cuernavaca proper. The metropolitan area has a population of 912,024 and the municipality has 366,321 inhabitants, as of 2015. Over the decades since 1970, this metropolitan area has become more economically and socially integrated with the Mexico City metropolitan area. Many people from Mexico City own second homes there for weekend retreats, both for the climate and for the well-developed infrastructure. Starting in

6120-409: The city, especially in the late 1990s and 2000s. This influx has had a positive economic benefit for the city but has put pressure on the infrastructure as well. 85% of the city of Cuernavaca is dedicated to housing, and much of this is in middle-class housing developments such as Rancho Cortés, Rancho Tetela , and Colonia del Bosque , which are located on the outskirts of the city. Lower-income housing

6222-531: The community. Mexican Federal Highway 95D , also called Autopista del Sol crosses the municipality from north to south (Mexico City — Cuernavaca — Xochitepec — Acapulco) with several exits in Temixco. There is also bridge from 95D at Apatlaco that leads nowhere. Mexican Federal Highway 95 parallels 95D but passes through the center of Temixco and Acatlipa. State highways connect Temixco — Emiliano Zapata and Acatlipa — Tezoyuca, (Emiliano Zapata municipality). There are local highways connecting other communities,

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6324-436: The conquests of what now are known as Taxco , Tepecuacuilco , and Ocuilán . For tribute purposes, the dominion was divided into two zones, one headed by Cuauhnahuac and the other by Huaxtepec . At the time of the Spanish Conquest , Itzohuatzin was governing Cuauhnahuac. It was a rich city and densely populated, with large farms and its characteristic ravines bridged over. The Spanish marched on Cuernavaca even before taking

6426-413: The daughter of the ruler of Tlalnahuatl but was rejected. That rejection started a war that ended with an Aztec victory in 1396. Huitziliuitl then married the princess and Moctezuma I was born of the union. Credit for the conquest of Cuernavaca is given to Acamapichtli in the Mendocino Codex , but later writings cite Itzcóatl , or even Moctezuma I, as the conqueror. The conquered dominion, Tlalnahuac ,

6528-404: The employment in the municipality, although there is little land available for it. The major agricultural communities are Temixco, Acatlipa, Cuentepec, Tetlama, and Pueblo Viejo. The principal crops are corn, beans, sorghum, and peanuts. Flowers, particularly roses, also make up an important crop, with a value of MXN $ 23,000,000 in 2010. Ranching is of minor importance, with pigs and chickens being

6630-413: The entire state in rebel hands. Professor Brunk, describing Zapata's triumph, writes "On the twenty-sixth, at 4 o'clock on a bright Friday afternoon, Zapata rode triumphantly into that city at the head of four thousand troops. Waving images of the Virgin of Guadalupe overhead, these revolutionaries were a ragged lot in the eyes of the urbane. But to the throngs who greeted them - the common people of Morelos,

6732-410: The extension of the metropolitan area have grown. From 1960 to 1980, the population had grown from 85,620 to 368,166. From the 1980s to the present, the municipalities of Emiliano Zapata , Jiutepec , Temixco , Tepoztlán , and Xochitepec have been added to the metropolitan area. These municipalities have seen the highest rates of growth, however; population and economic activity remain concentrated in

6834-506: The first sugar-cane plantations or haciendas . On July 29. 1617, Don Francisco Barbero of Copaltepeque established the Hacienda of Temixco on 1,755 hectares of land. Later, additional land was purchased from the native peoples. The first installation was the sugar press ( trapiche ), and at the beginning of the 18th century, it became an ingenio for production of sugar, rum, alcohol and other products. Other small presses were established at Rivas , Tomalaca , and San José . The hacienda took

6936-447: The ground. As 1913 neared, he pushed into México state to face forces commanded by the president himself, Victoriano Huerta . De la O became a general as fighting continued along the border with México state through 1915. Huerta faded from power and Venustiano Carranza took control, bringing extra troops to bear that turned the tide back against de la O. As General Pablo González slowly pushed de la O back into Morelos, disaster befell

7038-430: The hacienda of Temixco in 1914 . The first was on May 26, when the Zapatistas was able to take the hacienda, and the second was in early June when the Zapatistas used the hacienda as a staging ground for the Siege of Cuernavaca. In 1915, once the Zapatistas took control of Mexico City, they confiscated all the ruined alcohol distilleries. Gral. Genovevo de la O was assigned to get Temixco running again. In 1921 Temixco

7140-731: The haciendas in their absence. Sometimes, their offspring have made Cuernavaca their permanent residence, creating an enclave of natives with international roots bearing the influence of their cultures. For example, when the American designer, Michael van Beuren fled Germany with members of Bauhaus, where he was practicing his profession, he took up residence at the vacation hacienda of his parents in Cuernavaca, and stayed permanently, establishing his factory nearby and raising his family there. Others in his family began to reside there year 'round. Their children were natives of Mexico. Video on YouTube After his installation as U.S. Ambassador to Mexico in 1927, American businessman Dwight Morrow established

7242-512: The head of the Ejército Trigarante . After Independence and with the Constitution of 1824, the territory now known as the State of Morelos became part of the State of Mexico . Between 1827 and 1829, Cuernavaca was a district of this state. From 1829 to 1833, it was called a prefecture. In 1833, the State of Mexico declared the Atlacomulco Hacienda, which contains the Palacio de Cortés and Cortés's houses in Coyoacán , to be public property. In 1834, Ignacio Echevarría and José María Tornel drafted

7344-484: The higher elevations. One ubiquitous flowering plant in the city is the bougainvillea . This pleasant climate has attracted royalty and nobles since Aztec times. Foreign princes, archdukes, and other nobles have been attracted to this place because of its flowers, sun, fruits, fresh-water springs, and waterfalls. Emperor Maximilian I of Mexico set up a country residence in the city. Philanthropist Barbara Hutton , who held several aristocratic titles through marriage, had

7446-460: The institutions & monuments of the ancient inhabitants of America...: To the south east of the city of Cuernuvaca (the ancient Quauhnahuac), on the western declivity of the Cordillera of Anahuac, in that happy region, designated by the inhabitants under the name of tierra templada (temperate region) because it is the reign of perpetual spring, rises an insolated hill, which, according to

7548-541: The larger communities. There is a supermarket owned by a major chain in Temixco. Local transportation within the Greater Cuernavaca area is provided by vans called rutas . Rutas 1, 3, 16, and 20 serve Temixco with connections to Cuernavaca and Xochitepec. Two bus lines serve the Temixco-Mexico City route: Pullman de Morelos and Mi Bus . Taxis and shared-ride services ( Uber ) also serve

7650-517: The martyrdom of Philip of Jesus , the first Mexican canonized as a saint. The only other decoration inside this church now is a modern-style crucifix and an image of the Assumption of Mary . This restoration work was carried out by Bishop Sergio Méndez Arceo . After the Reform Laws in the 1860s, most of the monastery property passed into state, then private hands, leaving only what is now

7752-523: The most important. Ceramics are important in Colonia Tres de Mayo, and there are a number of small-scale clothing factories. Pottery is made in Cuentepec. Bricks and other materials for construction are manufactured. Sand is mined in Lomas del Carril and Alta Palmira, principally for construction. There are unexploited lime resources in Tetlama. Tourism mostly centers around the two water parks and

7854-409: The municipality is based on the pre-Columbian pictograph emblem of the city that depicts a tree trunk ( cuahuitl ) with three branches, with foliage, and four roots colored red. There is a cut in the trunk in the form of a mouth, from which emerges a speech scroll , probably representing the language Nahuatl and by extension the locative suffix -nāhuac , meaning 'near'. Cuernavaca has long been

7956-647: The municipality of Temixco and a population of 108,126; 92.6% urban and 7.4% rural. The population density is 1,052.1 persons/km Temixco is the capital of the municipality. It is located at 18°51′16″N 99°13′38″W  /  18.854444°N 99.227222°W  / 18.854444; -99.227222 at a height of 1,290 meters (4,232 feet). It has a population of 89,915 including 36,185 minors and 7,613 adults over 60. 1,189 people live in Indigenous homes and 530 people speak an Indigenous language. 31,651 people have Social Security . There are 22,089 homes; 1,413 have

8058-774: The name Nuestra Señora de la Concepción (Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception). The owner of the hacienda, Miguel de Zia, seized land in Xochitepec and Alpuyeca in 1715 with the support of Fray Simón Roa of the Holy Inquisition . In 1719 the people of these communities complained, but Xochitepec never recovered its land. Indigenous of Alpuyeca rose against the hacienda in 1747, only to be arrested by Fray Miguel de Nava of Cuernavaca. In 1808, don Gabriel Joaquín de Yermo celebrated his wife's birthday by freeing 200 slaves from his hacienda in Temixco. This

8160-582: The new revolutionary Álvaro Obregón . In 1920, he covered the retreat of General Benjamín Hill from Mexico City, and Hill too united with Obregón’s forces in the south. Together they made a decisive strike at the capital city, deposed Carranza , and set up a new government. On the first day of 1921, he was named chief of military operations in Tlaxcala , moving later to similar posts in Aguascalientes and Mexico City . Minor conflicts continued, but

8262-520: The only communities in the modern-day municipality of Temixco were Acatlipa and Cuentepec . After the Spanish conquest of 1521, Hernán Cortés was granted the title Marqués del Valle de Oaxaca including almost all of modern Morelos . The villages of Temixco were Acatlipa, San Agustín Tetlama, and San Sebastián Cuentepec. Martín Cortés, 2nd Marquis of the Valley of Oaxaca granted lands to religious orders and wealthy Spanish were able to establish

8364-719: The place of the House of Flowers) was settled in about 200 BCE, although the city reached its apex between AD 650 and 900. Xochicalco was mentioned by Fray Bernardino de Sahagún in the 16th century, and it may have been settled by refugees from Teotihuacan . The city traded with populations in Oaxaca, the Yucatán Peninsula, and the Gulf of Mexico. According to petrographs found in the Templo de las Serpientes Emplumadas , (Temple of

8466-416: The population of Temixco grew quickly in the 1970s, and new colonies such as Rubén Jaramillo , Lomas de Guadalupe, 10 de Abril, and La Azteca were added. The town of Pueblo Viejo which previously belonged to Cuernavaca, became a part of Temixco in 1990. The General Mariano Matamoros Airport opened on April 15, 1988 under control of the State of Morelos and came under federal control in 1992. Temixco

8568-407: The principle of land reform . He initially supported the presidency of Francisco Madero based on his promises of land reform, but when those promises proved false he sided with the agrarian opposition headed by the mayor of Anenecuilco, Emiliano Zapata. De la O was one of the signatories of the reformist Plan de Ayala which codified Zapata's demands in 1911. The Madero government was opposed to

8670-407: The site and from throughout the city are on display. From right to left the petroglyphs are named Lagarto de San Antón, Aguila de Chapultepec, Piedra Chimalli, or Piedra de los Encantos. After having been the residence of Cortés and his descendants for several centuries, the building became a warehouse, a jail, a military barracks, and then the State Government Palace (until 1969). From 1971 to 1973,

8772-438: The surrounding area, figure prominently in this great historical novel, where extensive details on Mexican history, culture, topography, and especially, politics and religion figure prominently. The recurrent artifacts are the twin volcanos, Popocatepetl and Iztaccihuatl , and the barranca, symbols of division, death, and rebirth in the city of eternal spring. Dr. Sergio Méndez Arceo became bishop of Cuernavaca in 1952. Mendez

8874-481: The virus; the reopening of the state was pushed back until at least 13 June. Cuernavaca reported 1,322 cases, 1,015 recoveries, and 223 deaths on 31 August. 2,566 cases were reported on 27 December 2020. Four bottles of the Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine were stolen from "Carlos Calero Elorduy Hospital" run by SEDENA on 14 January. This hospital plus the G. Parres general hospital, both dedicated to

8976-434: The way to the main cathedral. The main cathedral in Cuernavaca is located a few blocks west of the square. These two gardens or plazas are known colloquially as the "zócalo". Spectacles are often to be seen here and can include people dancing the " danzón " or other popular dances and "estudiantinas" dressed in colonial-era Spanish garb, playing instruments and dancing, and any number of free concerts. Often clowns perform on

9078-659: The woods" modern pronunciation , Otomi : Ñu'iza ) is the capital and largest city of the state of Morelos in Mexico . Along with Chalcaltzingo, it is likely one of the origins of the Mesoamerican civilization. Olmec works of art, currently displayed in the Museum of Anthropology in Mexico City were found in the Gualupita III archeological site. The city is located south of Mexico City and reached via

9180-498: The young girls with armfuls of bougainvillea - they were conquering heroes." President Francisco I. Madero visited the city on 12 June 1911, and he attended a banquet in the Borda Garden. The city later fell to the forces of Huerta, and Zapata began to lay siege to Cuernavaca in May 1914 with 3,600 men, falling by August. Later, on 26 January 1915, the Revolutionary government was moved to the city, in defiance of Carranza and

9282-465: The zocalo as well, with balloons and tricks for the children and tell double-entendre jokes for the adults. Locals use the plazas to sell products such as honey, yogurt, traditional candies, and crafts. Street food such as corn on the cob, snow cones, candies, fruit smoothies, and more generally are available. Cuernavaca Cathedral is the main church of what was the monastery of the Third Order of

9384-513: Was born in Santa María Ahuacatitlán , Morelos , to sharecropper parents. He was dedicated to the plight of Mexico 's peasants and came to be an outstanding Liberation Army of the South guerrilla general. After Emiliano Zapata 's death, he and the other guerrillas threw their lot in with Álvaro Obregón and went on to become a minor but long-lasting figure in national politics. From his earliest days, de la O stood out as

9486-805: Was captured by the Cadwalader Brigade and was forced to pay retributions to the U.S. Army after the Cuernavaca Infantry under Francisco Modesto Olabuibel fell. During the Ayutla Rebellion in 1854, Santa Anna was forced out of the capital of Mexico City in 1855. He moved his government to Cuernavaca, reorganized it, and named a junta to elect an interim president. This junta consisted of Valentín Gómez Farías , Melchor Ocampo , Benito Juárez , Francisco de P. Zendejas , Diego Álvarez, and Joaquín Moreno . They then voted for Alvarez as president. This new president swore to uphold

9588-490: Was closed by order of the Vatican in 1969, but several of the teachers continued elsewhere in the city, making Cuernavaca a leading center of Spanish-language teaching for foreigners. More recently the city has seen a very active society dedicated to the preservation of its environment and cultural heritage. The Frente Civico which is now influential throughout the country, along with some 150 other organizations has promoted

9690-480: Was elevated to the category of "Congregación" and the town took the name Real de Temixco . It was part of the municipality of Cuernavaca. The Ejido de Temixco was formed in 1924. The Municipality of Temixco was created on March 5, 1933 , including the towns of Tetlama, Cuentepec, Acatlipa, and Temixco. On December 8, 1935, the Pueblo Nuevo del Puente (Alta Palmira) was established in Cuernavaca. In 1956 it

9792-463: Was elevated to the status of ciudad ( city ) on March 7, 1990 . Construction on a bridge to connect Mexican Federal Highway 95D in Apatlaco, Ayala and the Cuernavaca Airport in Temixco was begun in 2012 and the project ended in November 2012. As of this writing (April 2019 ), the bridge is incomplete and there is no connection to Temixco. Temixco has been plagued by violence during much of

9894-466: Was founded in 1903. In 1909, the anti-reelection movement was established in Cuernavaca, and by the end of this same year guerilla operations against the Diaz government were headed by Genovevo de la O in Santa María Ahuacatitlán . Emiliano Zapata took over the movement in the south and named De la O in charge of the Cuernavaca area. On 21 May 1911, Cuernavaca was evacuated by government troops, leaving

9996-507: Was known as a leading voice of Liberation Theology and he was a human rights activist. In 1956, Erich Fromm founded the Sociedad Mexicana de Psicoanálisis and from his house in Cuernavaca promoted new ideas in the field of psychiatry , incorporating Zen Buddhism and "communal psychoanalytic studies" (estudios psicoanalíticos comunitarios). This attracted many artists, composers, architects, and counterculture types here. In

10098-485: Was opened in February 1882, and the first Public Health Board in the city was established the same year. In 1891, the Diocese of Cuernavaca was established by Pope Leo XII , comprising the entire state of Morelos, with Hipolito Vera as the first bishop of Cuernavaca. The first locomotive arrived on 1 December 1897, and a bridge was constructed to connect the center of the city with the train station. The Bank of Morelos

10200-514: Was reorganized several times. Cuernavaca and Cuautla became high mayorships which answered directly to the viceregal authorities in Mexico City. In 1786, New Spain was divided into twelve provinces and in 1824, Cuernavaca was initially a district of Mexico City. During the Mexican War of Independence , José María Morelos was imprisoned at the Palacio de Cortés in November 1815. Agustín de Iturbide 's army passed through Cuernavaca to fight Vicente Guerrero in 1820 and came through again in 1821, as

10302-580: Was roughly the size of the modern state of Morelos, and subsequently was renamed as Cuauhnahuac by the Aztecs. From 1403 to 1426, this province grew in strength, subduing neighboring peoples such as the Coauixcas . Eventually, the province, then ruled by Miquiuix, rebelled against the Aztec Empire. This rebellion was put down by Totoquihuatzin and Netzahualcoyotl in 1433. This area then joined in

10404-466: Was transferred to Temixco. In the 1940s the Comité Japonés de Ayuda Mutua (CJAM; "Japanese Committee of Mutual Aid"), a Japanese-Mexican organization based in Mexico City, obtained a hacienda on 200 hectares (490 acres) of land in Temixco from Alejandro Lacy so it could house newly-arriving Japanese coming from other parts of Mexico. In 1942, during World War II, the hacienda of Temixco became

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