171-674: The following is an incomplete list of characters from the television series Twin Peaks , the film Twin Peaks: Fire Walk with Me , and the 2017 revival . Frank Silva was a set decorator who worked on the pilot episode . One day, when he was moving furniture in Laura Palmer's bedroom, a woman warned Silva not to get locked in the room. The image of Silva trapped in the room sparked something in Lynch, who then asked Silva if he
342-517: A double life . She was cheating on her boyfriend, football captain Bobby Briggs , with biker James Hurley , and prostituting herself with the help of truck driver Leo Johnson and drug dealer Jacques Renault . Laura was also addicted to cocaine, which she obtained through coercing Bobby into doing business with Jacques. Laura's father, attorney Leland Palmer , suffers a nervous breakdown after her death. Her best friend Donna Hayward begins
513-608: A pacifist nature seemingly at odds with his acerbic surface persona , to the sheriff's shock. Albert has a minor role in Twin Peaks: Fire Walk With Me , appearing in the FBI offices with Gordon Cole during the reappearance of Phillip Jeffries . He also appears briefly in The Autobiography of F.B.I. Special Agent Dale Cooper: My Life, My Tapes , under the entry recorded on February 4, 1977. It
684-441: A "thumbs up" when satisfied, sage-like sayings (often inspired by his fascination with Tibet ), and a distinctive sense of humor, along with his love for cherry pie and "a damn fine cup of coffee." One of his most popular habits is recording messages containing everyday observations and abstract thoughts on his current case to his secretary, Diane, into a microcassette recorder he carries. His investigative techniques go far beyond
855-468: A Bob, the veterinarian who treats Renault's pet bird. Cooper interprets these events to mean that Renault is the murderer, and with Truman's help, tracks Renault to One-Eyed Jack's, a brothel owned by Horne across the border in Canada. He lures Renault back onto U.S. soil to arrest him, but Renault is shot while trying to escape and is hospitalized. Leland, learning that Renault has been arrested, sneaks into
1026-430: A brand of nonviolence (or ahimsa ) which he called satyagraha – translated literally as "truth force". This was the resistance of tyranny through civil disobedience that was not only nonviolent but also sought to change the heart of the opponent. He contrasted this with duragraha , "resistant force", which sought only to change behaviour with stubborn protest. During his 30 years of work (1917–1947) for
1197-500: A broad moral guideline against violence between individuals. No philosophical program of rejecting violence between states, or rejecting all forms of violence, seems to have existed. Aristophanes , in his play Lysistrata , creates the scenario of an Athenian woman's anti-war sex strike during the Peloponnesian War of 431–404 BCE, and the play has gained an international reputation for its anti-war message. Nevertheless, it
1368-484: A campaign of nonviolent resistance in the event of a fascist invasion or takeover. As the prospect of a second major war began to seem increasingly inevitable, much of France adopted pacifist views, though some historians argue that France felt more war anxiety than a moral objection to a second war. Hitler's spreading influence and territory posed an enormous threat to French livelihood from their neighbors. The French countryside had been devastated during World War I and
1539-427: A feral, denim-clad man with long gray hair. Cooper finds himself decades older with Laura and a dwarf in a red business suit , who engages in coded dialogue with Cooper. The next morning, Cooper tells Truman that if they can decipher the dream, they can find out who murdered Laura. Cooper and the sheriff's department find the one-armed man from Cooper's dream, a traveling shoe salesman named Phillip Gerard. Gerard knows
1710-517: A film about the life of Marilyn Monroe named Venus Descending , based on the best-selling book Goddess . Lynch recalls being "sort of interested. I loved the idea of this woman in trouble, but I didn't know if I liked it being a real story." Lynch and Frost first worked together on the Goddess screenplay, and although the project was dropped by Warner Bros., they became good friends. They went on to work as writer and director for One Saliva Bubble ,
1881-574: A film with Steve Martin attached to star, but it was never made either. Lynch's agent, Tony Krantz, encouraged him to do a television show. Lynch said: "Tony I don't want to do a TV show." He took Lynch to Nibblers restaurant in Los Angeles and said: "You should do a show about real life in America—your vision of America the same way you demonstrated it in Blue Velvet ." Lynch got an "idea of
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#17327875333572052-715: A former British ambassador to the United States. These and other initiatives were pivotal in the change in attitudes that gave birth to the League of Nations after the war. In addition to the traditional peace churches, some of the many groups that protested against the war were the Woman's Peace Party (which was organized in 1915 and led by noted reformer Jane Addams ), the International Committee of Women for Permanent Peace (ICWPP) (also organized in 1915),
2223-1018: A henchman and abandons his chess game with Cooper. When Annie wins the Miss Twin Peaks contest, Earle kidnaps her and takes her to the entrance to the Black Lodge, whose power he seeks to use for himself. Through a series of clues Cooper discovers the entrance to the Black Lodge, which turns out to be the strange, red-curtained room from his dream. He is greeted by the Man From Another Place, the Giant, and Laura Palmer, who each give Cooper cryptic messages. Searching for Annie and Earle, Cooper encounters doppelgängers of various people, including Maddy Ferguson and Leland Palmer. Cooper finds Earle, who demands Cooper's soul in exchange for Annie's life. Cooper agrees but BOB appears and takes Earle's soul for himself. BOB then turns to Cooper, who
2394-615: A kiss, to the chagrin of Bobby, who happens to show up at that moment. At the beginning of Fire Walk With Me , Cole briefs agents Chester Desmond and Sam Stanley on their assignment to investigate the murder of Teresa Banks. Cole uses a coded language , in the attire and gestures of Lil the Dancer , to inform the agents of what to expect in their investigation. Cole describes the Teresa Banks murder case as one of his "blue rose" cases. The 2017 series reveals that "blue rose" refers to
2565-480: A lake. Lynch remembers: "We knew where everything was located and that helped us determine the prevailing atmosphere and what might happen there." Frost remembers that he and Lynch came up with the notion of the girl next door leading a "desperate double life" that would end in murder. The idea was inspired, in part, by the unsolved 1908 murder of Hazel Irene Drew in Sand Lake, New York . Lynch and Frost pitched
2736-420: A leading figure in the peace movement with the publication of her novel, Die Waffen nieder! ("Lay Down Your Arms!") in 1889 and founded an Austrian pacifist organization in 1891. In colonial New Zealand , during the latter half of the 19th century European settlers used numerous tactics to confiscate land from the indigenous Māori , including warfare . In the 1870s and 1880s, Parihaka , then reported to be
2907-509: A little more on the ball." Phillip Jeffries , played by David Bowie and voiced by Nathan Frizzell , is an FBI agent who disappeared for years studying paranormal and supernatural happenings. In Twin Peaks: Fire Walk with Me , Jeffries suddenly exits an elevator in the Philadelphia FBI office, two years after his disappearance. He hurries to the office of his former superior, Regional Bureau Chief Gordon Cole and starts raving in
3078-474: A loud and disturbed manner, referring at one stage to Special Agent Cooper and yelling "Who do you think this is, there?" Jeffries goes on to narrate where he has been since his disappearance. He mentions names and incidents that are unfamiliar to those listening. His words are illustrated by the intrusion of a ghost transmission showing a small group of characters, including the Man from Another Place and BOB , in
3249-471: A man in a smiling bag," "the owls are not what they seem," and "without chemicals, he points." He takes a gold ring off Cooper's finger and explains that when Cooper understands the three premonitions, his ring will be returned. Leo Johnson survives his shooting but is left brain-damaged. Catherine Martell disappears, presumed killed in the mill fire. Leland Palmer, whose hair has turned white overnight, returns to work but behaves erratically. Cooper deduces that
3420-447: A mental institution and comes to Twin Peaks. Cooper had previously been having an affair with Earle's wife, Caroline, while she was under his protection as a witness to a federal crime. Earle murdered Caroline and wounded Cooper. He now engages Cooper in a twisted game of chess during which Earle murders someone whenever a piece is captured. Investigating BOB's origin and whereabouts with the help of Major Garland Briggs, Cooper learns of
3591-523: A minor character in Sunset Boulevard ), is a Regional Bureau Chief in the FBI and Agent Cooper 's immediate superior. He is very hard of hearing (wearing large hearing aids ) and thus speaks very loudly. He often misunderstands what is said to him and replies with comically inappropriate responses. Cole's coded messages sometimes baffle even his closest colleagues. In the first episode in which he appears, he says, "Cooper, you remind me today of
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#17327875333573762-426: A naked corpse wrapped in plastic on the bank of a river outside the town of Twin Peaks, Washington . When Sheriff Harry S. Truman , his deputies, and doctor Will Hayward arrive, the body is identified as high school senior and homecoming queen Laura Palmer . A second girl, Ronette Pulaski , is discovered as well, and is badly injured and dissociative just across the state border. FBI Special Agent Dale Cooper
3933-502: A police investigation with a soap opera. ABC liked the idea and asked Lynch and Frost to write a screenplay for the pilot episode. They had been talking about the project for three months and wrote the screenplay in 10 days. Frost wrote more verbal characters, like Benjamin Horne, while Lynch was responsible for Agent Cooper. According to the director, "He says a lot of the things I say." ABC Entertainment President Brandon Stoddard ordered
4104-552: A reference to the famous " The buck stops here " sign President Truman put on his desk . Harry's passionate love for Josie Packard is such that it blinds him to the fact that she is keeping secrets from him, many of which regard her past and her history with her husband. When she dies suddenly after murdering Thomas Eckhardt, Harry falls into a deep depression and takes to drinking. He manages to turn himself around when Eckhardt's personal assistant Jones makes an attempt to murder him, which he thwarts. Following this, Harry resumes being
4275-577: A relationship with James. With the help of Laura's cousin Maddy Ferguson , Donna and James discover that Laura's psychiatrist, Dr. Lawrence Jacoby , was obsessed with her, but he is proven innocent of the murder. Hotelier Ben Horne , the wealthiest man in Twin Peaks, plans to destroy the town's lumber mill along with its owner, Josie Packard , and murder his lover (Josie's sister-in-law), Catherine Martell ( Piper Laurie ), so he can purchase
4446-530: A series of strange rooms. He disappears into thin air once again after announcing "I found something... and then there they were!" Jeffries is frequently mentioned in the 2017 series, which reveals that he was the original leader of the Blue Rose Task Force and was involved in the first Blue Rose case, alongside Cole. An unseen individual identifying as him assigns Ray Monroe to kill Cooper's doppelgänger. Albert Rosenfield also informs Cole that he
4617-497: A small Mexican chihuahua" (which he pronounces "chee-WOW-wow"). The conversation continues as normal, with the issue remaining unsolved. While in Twin Peaks, Cooper and Cole go to the Double R Diner where he is smitten by waitress Shelly Johnson , whom he apparently can hear perfectly well. Shelly, being ignored by her boyfriend Bobby Briggs at the time, is shocked yet pleased by his attention, and upon his imminent departure they share
4788-570: A small-town thing", and though he and Frost were not keen on it, they decided to humor Krantz. Frost wanted to tell "a sort of Dickensian story about multiple lives in a contained area that could sort of go perpetually". Originally, the show was to be titled North Dakota and set in the Plains region of North Dakota . After Frost, Krantz, and Lynch rented a screening room in Beverly Hills and screened Peyton Place , they decided to develop
4959-437: A strictly pacifist interpretation of Christianity . They stated their beliefs in a declaration to King Charles II : "We utterly deny all outward wars and strife, and fightings with outward weapons, for any end, or under any pretense whatever; this is our testimony to the whole world. The Spirit of Christ ... which leads us into all truth, will never move us to fight and war against any man with outward weapons, neither for
5130-479: A whole other thing opens up." Lynch used the panning shot of Silva in the bedroom, and the shot featuring Silva's reflection, in the closing scenes of the European version of the pilot episode. Silva's reflection in the mirror can also be glimpsed during the scene of Sarah's vision at the end of the original pilot, but it is less clear. A close-up of Silva in the bedroom later became a significant image in episodes of
5301-591: Is "five miles south of the Canadian border, and twelve miles west of the state line." This places it in the Salmo-Priest Wilderness . Lynch and Frost started their location search in Snoqualmie, Washington , on the recommendation of a friend of Frost. They found all of the locations that they had written into the pilot episode. The towns of Snoqualmie, North Bend and Fall City – which became
List of Twin Peaks characters - Misplaced Pages Continue
5472-413: Is Luke 22:36: "He said to them, 'But now, the one who has a purse must take it, and likewise a bag. And the one who has no sword must sell his cloak and buy one .'" Pacifists have typically explained that verse as Jesus fulfilling prophecy, since in the next verse, Jesus continues to say: "It is written: 'And he was numbered with the transgressors'; and I tell you that this must be fulfilled in me. Yes, what
5643-588: Is Within You , Tolstoy provides a detailed history, account and defense of pacifism. Tolstoy's work inspired a movement named after him advocating pacifism to arise in Russia and elsewhere. The book was a major early influence on Mahatma Gandhi , and the two engaged in regular correspondence while Gandhi was active in South Africa. Bertha von Suttner , the first woman to be a Nobel Peace Prize laureate, became
5814-460: Is a DEA agent. A trans woman , Bryson began wearing women's clothing during a DEA undercover operation and found that it relaxed her. Originally identifying as Dennis, she changed her name to Denise for the purpose of the operation, and retained it afterwards, finding it comfortable. Bryson comes to Twin Peaks when the Mounties and the FBI accuse Dale Cooper of misfeasance for his handling of
5985-550: Is able to speak quietly and hold private conversations, although he only occasionally raises the volume of the hearing aids as loud noises hurt his ears. After Cooper's doppelgänger is arrested in South Dakota, Cole leads the investigation alongside Albert Rosenfield and Tamara Preston. The three agents later take part in another case in South Dakota when a headless corpse found in the area is found to have Garland Briggs's fingerprints. Denise Bryson , played by David Duchovny ,
6156-528: Is also a reference to Lieutenant Phillip Gerard, a character in The Fugitive . Lynch met Michael J. Anderson in 1987. After seeing him in a short film, Lynch wanted to cast the actor in the title role in Ronnie Rocket , but that project failed to get made. Richard Beymer was cast as Ben Horne because he had known Johanna Ray, Lynch's casting director. Lynch was familiar with Beymer's work in
6327-523: Is also at one point shown to be a skilled knife-thrower. He is clearly aware of the supernatural presence in the woods of Twin Peaks and also discusses with Cooper his belief in a direct connection to Native American spirituality. He is also the first person to verbally express to the viewers (as well as to Cooper) what the White Lodge and Black Lodge are. Twin Peaks Twin Peaks
6498-427: Is an American mystery - horror drama television series created by Mark Frost and David Lynch . It premiered on ABC on April 8, 1990, and ran for two seasons until its cancellation in 1991. The show returned in 2017 for a third season on Showtime . Set in the fictional Pacific Northwest town of Twin Peaks , the series follows an investigation led by FBI Special Agent Dale Cooper ( Kyle MacLachlan ) into
6669-422: Is an FBI agent introduced in the novel The Secret History of Twin Peaks , in which Gordon Cole assigns her to investigate a dossier recovered from Major Garland Briggs. She makes her first physical appearance in the 2017 series, played by Chrysta Bell . Preston joins Cole and Albert Rosenfield into their investigation of Dale Cooper's apparent reappearance after his doppelgänger is arrested in South Dakota. During
6840-484: Is both fictional and comical, and though it offers a pragmatic opposition to the destructiveness of war, its message seems to stem from frustration with the existing conflict (then in its twentieth year) rather than from a philosophical position against violence or war. Equally fictional is the nonviolent protest of Hegetorides of Thasos . Euripides also expressed strong anti-war ideas in his work, especially The Trojan Women . In Plato's Republic Socrates makes
7011-520: Is briefly mentioned in the 2017 series, where he is revealed to have been one of the original members of the Blue Rose Task Force, alongside Cooper, Phillip Jeffries, and Albert Rosenfield. FBI Special Agent Sam Stanley , played by Kiefer Sutherland , assists Special Agent Desmond in the investigation of the murder of Teresa Banks. Gordon Cole mentions that he cracked the Whitman case. He is portrayed as being somewhat stiff and inflexible, in contrast to
List of Twin Peaks characters - Misplaced Pages Continue
7182-496: Is called in to investigate. Cooper's initial examination of Laura's body reveals a tiny typed letter "R" inserted under her fingernail. At a town conference, Cooper informs the community that Laura's death matches the signature of a killer who murdered another girl in southwestern Washington the previous year, and that the evidence potentially indicates the killer being from Twin Peaks. Through Laura's diaries, local law enforcement alongside Agent Cooper discover that she had been living
7353-474: Is chased through the lodge by a doppelgänger of himself. Outside the lodge, Andrew Packard, Pete Martell and Audrey Horne are caught in an explosion at a bank vault, a trap laid by the dead Eckhardt. Cooper and Annie reappear in the woods, both injured. Annie is taken to the hospital but Cooper recovers in his room at the Great Northern Hotel. It becomes clear that the "Cooper" who emerged from
7524-445: Is described as difficult to abide by consistently, due to violence not being available as a tool to aid a person who is being harmed or killed. It is further claimed that such a pacifist could logically argue that violence leads to more undesirable results than non-violence. Tapping into just war theory conditional pacifism represents a spectrum of positions departing from positions of absolute pacifism. One such conditional pacifism
7695-455: Is implied that this is Dale Cooper 's and his first meeting. This makes Albert 21 when the two first meet, according to the My Life, My Tapes canon. After Cooper's doppelgänger is arrested in South Dakota in 2016, Albert investigates his apparent reappearance, alongside Gordon Cole and Tamara Preston. He later discloses to Cole that he was apparently contacted by Jeffries, which resulted in
7866-476: Is later shown to be corresponding with the doppelgänger, leaving her true loyalties unclear. Cole and Rosenfield learn of Diane's correspondence, but choose to keep her close, and have her deputized during the investigation. Ultimately, it is revealed that the Diane participating in the investigation is a tulpa of the real Diane, who was created by the doppelgänger. On the doppelgänger's orders, she attempts to kill
8037-752: Is named for pacifism : " lemba, lemba " (peace, peace), describes the action of the plant lemba-lemba ( Brillantaisia patula T. Anders ). Likewise in Cabinda, " Lemba is the spirit of peace, as its name indicates." The Moriori , of the Chatham Islands , practiced pacifism by order of their ancestor Nunuku-whenua . This enabled the Moriori to preserve what limited resources they had in their harsh climate, avoiding waste through warfare. In turn, this led to their almost complete annihilation in 1835 by invading Ngāti Mutunga and Ngāti Tama Māori from
8208-498: Is of Jesus, besides preaching these words, surrendering himself freely to an enemy intent on having him killed and proscribing his followers from defending him. There are those, however, who deny that Jesus was a pacifist and state that Jesus never said not to fight, citing examples from the New Testament. One such instance portrays an angry Jesus driving dishonest market traders from the temple . A frequently quoted passage
8379-522: Is reported to Regional Bureau Chief Gordon Cole, who then dispatches Special Agent Dale Cooper to pick up where Desmond left off. Desmond's disappearance is never explained, although Cooper discovers that Desmond's car has been vandalized with the words "LET'S ROCK", the same words spoken by the Man from Another Place when he introduces himself, implying that Desmond was taken to the Black Lodge . Desmond
8550-402: Is revealed to be the person who shot Cooper at the end of the first season. Andrew forces Josie to confront his business rival and her tormentor from Hong Kong, the sinister Thomas Eckhardt. Josie kills Eckhardt, but she mysteriously dies when Truman and Cooper try to apprehend her. Cooper falls in love with a new arrival in town, Annie Blackburn . Earle captures the brain-damaged Leo for use as
8721-422: Is the common pacificism , which may allow defense but is not advocating a default defensivism or even interventionism . Institutional pacifists object to the foundation and continued existence of institutions that enable and encourage war, similarly to those who criticise the influence of the military–industrial complex . The term may have been coined by American sociologist Charles A. Ellwood , writing for
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#17327875333578892-507: Is written about me is reaching its fulfillment." Others have interpreted the non-pacifist statements in the New Testament to be related to self-defense or to be metaphorical and state that on no occasion did Jesus shed blood or urge others to shed blood. Beginning in the 16th century, the Protestant Reformation gave rise to a variety of new Christian sects, including the historic peace churches . Foremost among them were
9063-676: The Three Strategies of Huang Shigong says: "As for the military, it is not an auspicious instrument; it is the way of heaven to despise it", and the Wei Liaozi writes: "As for the military, it is an inauspicious instrument; as for conflict and contention, it runs counter to virtue". The Taoist scripture " Classic of Great Peace ( Taiping jing )" foretells "the coming Age of Great Peace ( Taiping )". The Taiping Jing advocates "a world full of peace". The Lemba religion of southern French Congo, along with its symbolic herb,
9234-754: The American Union Against Militarism , the Fellowship of Reconciliation and the American Friends Service Committee . Jeannette Rankin , the first woman elected to Congress, was another fierce advocate of pacifism, the only person to vote against American entrance into both wars. After the immense loss of nearly ten million men to trench warfare , a sweeping change of attitude toward militarism crashed over Europe, particularly in nations such as Great Britain, where many questioned its involvement in
9405-480: The Fellowship of Reconciliation in 1943. Since the 2010s, some authors have expressed a renewed interest in institutional pacifism , often contrasting it with the more individually-oriented types of personal pacifism , and highlighting the role of human institutions in permitting accumulation of military resources. One writer suggested that institutional pacifism can be further categorised into juridicial pacifism and social pacifism, while another attempted to cite
9576-510: The French Revolutionary Wars based on Christian ideals of peace and brotherhood. Bohemian Bernard Bolzano taught about the social waste of militarism and the needlessness of war. He urged a total reform of the educational, social, and economic systems that would direct the nation's interests toward peace rather than toward armed conflict between nations. During the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, pacifism
9747-734: The League to Enforce Peace was established in the U.S. to promote similar goals. Hamilton Holt published a 28 September 1914, editorial in his magazine the Independent called "The Way to Disarm: A Practical Proposal" that called for an international organization to agree upon the arbitration of disputes and to guarantee the territorial integrity of its members by maintaining military forces sufficient to defeat those of any non-member. The ensuing debate among prominent internationalists modified Holt's plan to align it more closely with proposals offered in Great Britain by Viscount James Bryce ,
9918-609: The Peace Pledge Union in 1934, which totally renounced war and aggression. The idea of collective security was also popular; instead of outright pacifism, the public generally exhibited a determination to stand up to aggression, but preferably with the use of economic sanctions and multilateral negotiations. Many members of the Peace Pledge Union later joined the Bruderhof during its period of residence in
10089-641: The Religious Society of Friends (Quakers), Amish , Mennonites , Hutterites , and Church of the Brethren . The humanist writer Desiderius Erasmus was one of the most outspoken pacifists of the Renaissance , arguing strongly against warfare in his essays The Praise of Folly (1509) and The Complaint of Peace (1517). The Quakers were prominent advocates of pacifism, who as early as 1660 had repudiated violence in all forms and adhered to
10260-742: The Service Civil International and the Peace Pledge Union (PPU). The League of Nations also convened several disarmament conferences in the interbellum period such as the Geneva Conference , though the support that pacifist policy and idealism received varied across European nations. These organizations and movements attracted tens of thousands of Europeans, spanning most professions including "scientists, artists, musicians, politicians, clerks, students, activists and thinkers." Pacifism and revulsion with war were very popular sentiments in 1920s Britain. Novels and poems on
10431-616: The Taranaki region of the North Island of New Zealand. The invading Māori killed, enslaved and cannibalised the Moriori. A Moriori survivor recalled : "[The Maori] commenced to kill us like sheep ... [We] were terrified, fled to the bush, concealed ourselves in holes underground, and in any place to escape our enemies. It was of no avail; we were discovered and killed – men, women and children indiscriminately." In Ancient Greece , pacifism seems not to have existed except as
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#173278753335710602-773: The Union 's military campaign, arguing they were carrying out a " police action " against the Confederacy , whose act of Secession they regarded as criminal. Following the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War , French pacifist René Gérin urged support for the Spanish Republic . Gérin argued that the Spanish Nationalists were "comparable to an individual enemy" and the Republic's war effort
10773-465: The Warring States period , the pacifist Mohist School opposed aggressive war between the feudal states. They took this belief into action by using their famed defensive strategies to defend smaller states from invasion from larger states, hoping to dissuade feudal lords from costly warfare. The Seven Military Classics of ancient China view warfare negatively, and as a last resort. For example,
10944-684: The Yoshida Doctrine as an example of institutional pacifism. Although all pacifists are opposed to war between nation states , there have been occasions where pacifists have supported military conflict in the case of civil war or revolution . For instance, during the American Civil War , both the American Peace Society and some former members of the Non-Resistance Society supported
11115-416: The dailies , and met with Frost and Lynch to get the arc of the stories and characters. Although Iger liked the pilot, he had difficulty persuading the rest of the network executives. Iger suggested showing it to a more diverse, younger group, who liked it, and the executive subsequently convinced ABC to buy seven episodes at $ 1.1 million apiece. Some executives figured that the show would never get on
11286-586: The fascists of Germany , Italy and Japan . During the period of the Napoleonic Wars , although no formal peace movement was established until the end of hostilities, a significant peace movement animated by universalist ideals did emerge, due to the perception of Britain fighting in a reactionary role and the increasingly visible impact of the war on the welfare of the nation in the form of higher taxation levels and high casualty rates. Sixteen peace petitions to Parliament were signed by members of
11457-615: The "man in the smiling bag" is the corpse of Jacques Renault in a body bag. MIKE is inhabiting the body of Phillip Gerard. His personality surfaces when Gerard forgoes the use of a certain drug. MIKE reveals that he and BOB once collaborated in killing humans and that BOB is similarly inhabiting a man in the town. Cooper and the sheriff's department use MIKE, in control of Gerard's body, to help find BOB ("without chemicals, he points"). Donna befriends an agoraphobic orchid grower named Harold Smith whom Laura entrusted with her second, secret diary. Harold catches Donna and Maddy attempting to steal
11628-417: The 1961 film West Side Story and was surprised that Beymer was available for the role. Set dresser Frank Silva was cast as the mysterious "Bob." Lynch himself recalls that the idea originated when he overheard Silva moving furniture around in the bedroom set, and then heard a woman warning Silva not to block himself in by moving furniture in front of the door. Lynch was struck with an image of Silva in
11799-420: The 1970s crime drama The Rookies . Kyle MacLachlan was cast as Agent Dale Cooper . Stage actor Warren Frost was cast as Dr. Will Hayward. Due to budget constraints, Lynch intended to cast a local girl from Seattle as Laura Palmer, reportedly "just to play a dead girl". The local girl ended up being Sheryl Lee. Lynch stated: "But no one—not Mark, me, anyone—had any idea that she could act, or that she
11970-421: The 2017 series, played by Laura Dern . She travels to South Dakota at the behest of Gordon Cole to speak to Cooper's doppelgänger after his arrest, and confirms that the doppelgänger is not the real Cooper. Against her wishes, Diane then joins Cole, Albert Rosenfield, and Tamara Preston in investigating a headless body bearing Major Garland Briggs's fingerprints, due to Briggs' connection with Cooper. However, Diane
12141-662: The Black Lodge with the help of various associates. Meanwhile, the mysterious murder of a librarian in Buckhorn, South Dakota attracts the attention of FBI Deputy Director Gordon Cole ( David Lynch ) and his colleagues, while a message from the Log Lady ( Catherine Coulson ) leads members of the Twin Peaks Sheriff's Department to reopen investigations into the events surrounding the 1989 murder of homecoming queen Laura Palmer ( Sheryl Lee ). Season 3 of Twin Peaks
12312-592: The Blue Rose Task Force, which investigates cases, particularly those involving apparent doppelgängers, that cannot be explained by rational means. Cole and Phillip Jeffries investigated the first "blue rose" case, where a woman was killed by another woman who looked exactly like her, and uttered the phrase before her body disappeared. By 2016, Cole has become the FBI Deputy Director, and obtains improved hearing aids, resulting in fewer instances of him misunderstanding others. When at their maximum volume, Cole
12483-707: The Cotswolds, where Englishmen and Germans, many of whom were Jewish, lived side by side despite local persecution. The British Labour Party had a strong pacifist wing in the early 1930s, and between 1931 and 1935 it was led by George Lansbury , a Christian pacifist who later chaired the No More War Movement and was president of the PPU. The 1933 annual conference resolved unanimously to "pledge itself to take no part in war". Researcher Richard Toye writes that "Labour's official position, however, although based on
12654-569: The Definitive Gold Box DVD set. In March 2011, Lynch began releasing The Twin Peaks Archive – a collection of previously unavailable tracks from the series and the film via his website. As of February 8, 2024, the site is no longer active and it appears there is no way to legally obtain the bundle of all files previously offered for sale. FBI Special Agent Dale Cooper states, in the pilot episode, that Twin Peaks
12825-504: The FBI Chief of Staff. It is implied that her presence in the agency made other agents uncomfortable, but they were berated by Gordon Cole, for which Bryson remains grateful to Cole. Bryson also comes to fully embrace her female identity. After the arrest of Cooper's doppelgänger, she approves Cole's investigation into the matter, although she questions Cole bringing along Tammy Preston. Tamara Preston , also known by her nickname Tammy ,
12996-430: The FBI team, but is gunned down by Rosenfield and Preston. Her body promptly disappears after her death and her spirit is destroyed in the Black Lodge. Initially, the fate of the real Diane is unknown, although the tulpa says that she was raped by the doppelgänger and taken to the convenience store where supernatural entities converge. The tulpa also says that Diane is the estranged half-sister of Janey-E Jones, who married
13167-482: The FBI when Cooper is suspended for allegedly trafficking drugs across the Canada–US border , and assists him in rescuing Audrey Horne from One-Eyed Jacks. Harry shares his name with Harry S. Truman , the 33rd president of the United States . A picture of President Truman appears in his office. Additionally, a stuffed and mounted buck's head on his office wall has a placard reading "The Buck Stopped Here" hanging from it,
13338-604: The FBI's investigation into the deaths of Sam Colby and Tracey Barberato in New York City and finds that Cooper's doppelgänger was spotted at the penthouse where the couple was found dead. Her work earns praise from Cole and Rosenfield, who have her join the Blue Rose Task Force. Diane Evans is Dale Cooper's secretary in the FBI. She is featured in the original series as an unseen character , receiving recordings addressed to her from Cooper that he creates during his investigations. Diane makes her first physical appearance in
13509-457: The FBI's usual ones, including intuitive exercises and analysis of his dreams. He becomes deeply involved with the inhabitants of Twin Peaks and remains in town after the resolution of the Laura Palmer case, especially once his nemesis and former partner Windom Earle starts menacing the town in order to exploit its supernatural properties. Albert Rosenfield , played by Miguel Ferrer , is a talented forensic analyst Dale Cooper calls in to assist on
13680-624: The French economist Frédéric Passy was also the founding father of the first international organisation for the arbitration of conflicts in 1889, the Inter-Parliamentary Union . The National Peace Council was founded in after the 17th Universal Peace Congress in London (July August 1908). An important thinker who contributed to pacifist ideology was Russian writer Leo Tolstoy . In one of his latter works, The Kingdom of God
13851-602: The French politician Duc de Sully , the philosophers Émeric Crucé and the Abbe de Saint-Pierre , and the English Quakers William Penn and John Bellers . Pacifist ideals emerged from two strands of thought that coalesced at the end of the 18th century. One, rooted in the secular Enlightenment , promoted peace as the rational antidote to the world's ills, while the other was a part of the evangelical religious revival that had played an important part in
14022-453: The Laura Palmer case. He is also an original member of the Blue Rose Task Force and by 2014, is the only member who has not disappeared under mysterious circumstances. Rosenfield's abrasive and mocking personality alienates the Twin Peaks sheriff's department relatively quickly; he compares Andy to a dog and repeatedly insults Sheriff Harry S. Truman to the point where Truman punches him. He also fights with Doc Hayward and harshly disparages
14193-546: The Lodge is in fact his doppelgänger, under BOB's control. He smashes his head into a bathroom mirror and laughs maniacally. 25 years after the cliffhanger ending of season two, FBI Special Agent Dale Cooper ( Kyle MacLachlan ) remains trapped in the Black Lodge and prepares his return to the world. Cooper's doppelgänger —possessed by the evil spirit Bob —lives in Cooper's place and works to prevent his own imminent return to
14364-503: The Māori, which proved more successful in preventing land confiscations than acts of violent resistance. Mahatma Gandhi was a major political and spiritual leader of India, instrumental in the Indian independence movement . The Nobel prize winning great poet Rabindranath Tagore , who was also an Indian, gave him the honorific " Mahatma ", usually translated "Great Soul". He was the pioneer of
14535-658: The Peace Society in 1850 on a full-time basis, a position which he would keep for the next 40 years, earning himself a reputation as the 'Apostle of Peace'. He helped secure one of the earliest victories for the peace movement by securing a commitment from the Great Powers in the Treaty of Paris (1856) at the end of the Crimean War , in favour of arbitration. On the European continent, wracked by social upheaval ,
14706-464: The Sheriff's Station, after Bob's defeat, he tells Frank to send Harry his best wishes. Andy Brennan , played by Harry Goaz , is a deputy in the Twin Peaks sheriff's department. Andy is a bit slow-witted and very sensitive, tending to cry at murder scenes. He is also very loyal and trustworthy, prompting Albert Rosenfield to compare him, disparagingly, to a dog. Andy has been seeing the secretary of
14877-456: The TV series. The score for Twin Peaks has received acclaim; The Guardian wrote that it "still marks the summit of TV soundtracks". In fall 1989, composer Angelo Badalamenti and Lynch created the score for the show. In 20 minutes they produced the signature theme for the series. Badalamenti called it the "Love Theme from Twin Peaks". Lynch told him: "You just wrote 75% of the score. It's
15048-491: The Twin Peaks hospital – a scene that would appear in an alternative version of the pilot episode, and surface later in Agent Cooper's dream sequence. Mike's alias, Phillip Michael Gerard , is also a reference to Lieutenant Phillip Gerard, a character in The Fugitive . Lynch met Michael J. Anderson in 1987. After seeing him in a short film, Lynch wanted to cast the actor in the title role in Ronnie Rocket , but
15219-454: The Twin Peaks sheriff's department under Sheriff Harry S. Truman . He is a Native American , but it is not made clear to which nation he belongs, although during a discussion as to whether or not Tommy believes in the soul he references Blackfoot Indian mysticism to Special Agent Dale Cooper . He is usually referred to as "Hawk" because of his excellent tracking skills, which extend beyond animal and human tracks to those of cars and trucks. Hawk
15390-410: The U.S. In Britain, the prominent activist Stephen Henry Hobhouse was jailed for refusing military service, citing his convictions as a "socialist and a Christian". Many socialist groups and movements were antimilitarist , arguing that war by its nature was a type of governmental coercion of the working class for the benefit of capitalist elites. The French socialist pacifist leader Jean Jaurès
15561-782: The Western world after 1900, often focusing on treaties that would settle disputes through arbitration, and efforts to support the Hague conventions. The sudden outbreak of the First World War in July 1914 dismayed the peace movement. Socialist parties in every industrial nation had committed themselves to antiwar policies, but when the war came, all of them, except in Russia and the United States, supported their own governments. There were highly publicized dissidents, some of whom were imprisoned for opposing draft laws, such as Eugene Debs in
15732-519: The Younger criticised warfare in his book Naturales quaestiones (c. 65 CE). Maximilian of Tebessa was a Christian conscientious objector. He was killed for refusing to be conscripted. Throughout history many have understood Jesus of Nazareth to have been a pacifist, drawing on his Sermon on the Mount . In the sermon Jesus stated that one should "not resist an evildoer" and promoted his turn
15903-447: The abolition of the institutions of the military and war, opposition to any organization of society through governmental force ( anarchist or libertarian pacifism ), rejection of the use of physical violence to obtain political, economic or social goals, the obliteration of force, and opposition to violence under any circumstance, even defence of self and others. Historians of pacifism Peter Brock and Thomas Paul Socknat define pacifism "in
16074-408: The air or that it might run as a seven-hour mini-series, but Iger planned to schedule it for the spring. The final showdown occurred during a bi-coastal conference call between Iger and a room full of New York executives; Iger won, and Twin Peaks was on the air. Each episode took a week to shoot, and after directing the second episode, Lynch went off to complete Wild at Heart , while Frost wrote
16245-473: The aspiration towards a world socialist commonwealth and the outlawing of war, did not imply a renunciation of force under all circumstances, but rather support for the ill-defined concept of 'collective security' under the League of Nations. At the same time, on the party's left, Stafford Cripps 's small but vocal Socialist League opposed the official policy, on the non-pacifist ground that the League of Nations
16416-440: The belief that he will receive a sign to help him identify the killer. The Giant appears and confirms that Leland is BOB's host and Laura's and Maddy's killer, giving Cooper back his ring. Cooper and Truman take Leland into custody. In control of Leland's body, BOB admits to a string of murders, before forcing Leland to commit suicide. As Leland dies, he is freed of BOB's influence and begs for forgiveness. BOB's spirit disappears into
16587-513: The campaign for the abolition of slavery . Representatives of the former included Jean-Jacques Rousseau , in Extrait du Projet de Paix Perpetuelle de Monsieur l'Abbe Saint-Pierre (1756), Immanuel Kant , in his Thoughts on Perpetual Peace , and Jeremy Bentham who proposed the formation of a peace association in 1789. Representative of the latter, was William Wilberforce who thought that strict limits should be imposed on British involvement in
16758-500: The civil rights movement's march from Selma to Montgomery in 1965, they have called for armed protection. The interconnections between civil resistance and factors of force are numerous and complex. An absolute pacifist is generally described by the BBC as one who believes that human life is so valuable, that a human should never be killed and war should never be conducted, even in self-defense (except for non-violence type). The principle
16929-499: The colonies, Quakers chose to trade peacefully with the Native Americans , including for land. The colonial province was, for the 75 years from 1681 to 1756, essentially unarmed and experienced little or no warfare in that period. From the 16th to the 18th centuries, a number of thinkers devised plans for an international organisation that would promote peace, and reduce or even eliminate the occurrence of war. These included
17100-478: The costs of war and interpersonal violence are so substantial that better ways of resolving disputes must be found. Some pacifists follow principles of nonviolence , believing that nonviolent action is morally superior and/or most effective. Some however, support physical violence for emergency defence of self or others. Others support destruction of property in such emergencies or for conducting symbolic acts of resistance like pouring red paint to represent blood on
17271-459: The death of an agent stationed in Colombia. Albert, along with Cole, also convinces Diane Evans, Cooper's former secretary, to speak to the doppelgänger, after which Diane confirms the incarcerated man is not the real Cooper. Albert later takes part in the investigation of an apparent double homicide, also in South Dakota, after a headless corpse bearing Garland Briggs's fingerprints is found with
17442-409: The decoy Cooper replaces in his return to the natural realm. The real Diane is revealed to be trapped in the body of Naido in " Part 17 ". She sees another doppelganger of herself in " Part 18 " and, after traveling in a car with Cooper and having sex with him in a motel, she leaves him a note, calling him Richard and herself Linda, then disappears. Lil the Dancer (Kimberly Ann Cole) is seen only in
17613-503: The dedicated partner to Cooper he was before. When Cooper disappears into the Black Lodge Harry tirelessly waits for hours, until his sudden reappearance. By 2016, Harry is affected by terminal cancer, which leads to him relinquishing his title as sheriff. His duties are assumed by his older brother Frank, who comes out of retirement after a prior tenure as Twin Peaks sheriff. When the restored Cooper later meets Frank Truman at
17784-468: The diary from him and hangs himself in despair. Cooper and the sheriff's department take possession of Laura's secret diary and learn that BOB, a friend of her father's, had been sexually abusing her since childhood and she used drugs to cope. They initially suspect that the killer is Ben Horne and arrest him, but Leland Palmer is revealed to viewers to be BOB's host when he kills Maddy. Cooper begins to doubt Horne's guilt, so he gathers all of his suspects in
17955-521: The existence of the White Lodge and the Black Lodge , two extra-dimensional realms whose entrances are somewhere in the woods surrounding Twin Peaks. Catherine returns to town disguised as a Japanese businessman, having survived the mill fire, and manipulates Ben Horne into signing the Ghostwood project over to her. Andrew Packard, Josie's husband, is revealed to be still alive while Josie Packard
18126-414: The filming of the scene in which Cooper first examines Laura's body, a malfunctioning fluorescent lamp above the table flickered constantly, but Lynch decided not to replace it, since he liked the disconcerting effect that it created. Cooper's dream at the end of the third episode, which became a driving plot point in the series's first season and ultimately held the key to the identity of Laura's murderer,
18297-521: The first peace congress was held in Brussels in 1848 followed by Paris a year later. After experiencing a recession in support due to the resurgence of militarism during the American Civil War and Crimean War , the movement began to spread across Europe and began to infiltrate the new socialist movements. In 1870, Randal Cremer formed the Workman's Peace Association in London. Cremer, alongside
18468-399: The hospital and smothers him to death. The same night, Horne orders Leo to burn down the lumber mill with Catherine trapped inside and has Leo gunned down by Hank Jennings to ensure Leo's silence. Cooper returns to his room following Jacques's arrest and is shot by a masked gunman. Lying hurt in his hotel room, Cooper has a vision in which a giant appears and reveals three clues: "There is
18639-425: The idea of a Cooper possessed by Bob came up and was included in the final episode, but the series was cancelled even before the episode was aired. Pacifist Pacifism is the opposition or resistance to war , militarism (including conscription and mandatory military service) or violence . The word pacifism was coined by the French peace campaigner Émile Arnaud and adopted by other peace activists at
18810-434: The idea to ABC during the 1988 Writers Guild of America strike in a ten-minute meeting with the network's drama head, Chad Hoffman, with nothing more than this image and a concept. According to the director, the mystery of who killed Laura Palmer was initially going to be in the foreground, but would recede gradually as viewers got to know the other townsfolk and the problems they were having. Lynch and Frost wanted to mix
18981-479: The independence of his country from British colonial rule , Gandhi led dozens of nonviolent campaigns, spent over seven years in prison, and fasted nearly to the death on several occasions to obtain British compliance with a demand or to stop inter-communal violence. His efforts helped lead India to independence in 1947, and inspired movements for civil rights and freedom worldwide. Peace movements became active in
19152-639: The investigation of the murder of Laura Palmer. Harry is in love with the owner of the Packard Sawmill, Josie Packard , and is also one of the Bookhouse Boys. Harry and Cooper hit it off from the start. Harry is down-to-earth and plain-spoken, which often sharply contrasts with the eccentric Cooper and his unconventional methods of policing, fascination with Tibet , dreams, etc. Harry regards Cooper as somewhat eccentric but well-meaning. In early episodes, Harry serves to introduce Cooper (and hence
19323-433: The investigation, she discovers that one of the doppelgänger's fingerprints is a reverse of the real Cooper's print. Afterward, Preston takes part in investigating an apparent double homicide in South Dakota where the severed head of librarian Ruth Davenport is found with a headless body bearing Garland Briggs's fingerprints, and interrogates murder suspect William Hastings. In addition to the South Dakota cases, Preston leads
19494-526: The kingdom of Christ, nor for the kingdoms of this world. Throughout the many 18th century wars in which Great Britain participated, the Quakers maintained a principled commitment not to serve in the army and militia or even to pay the alternative £10 fine. The English Quaker William Penn , who founded the Province of Pennsylvania , employed an anti-militarist public policy. Unlike residents of many of
19665-418: The laid-back demeanor of Desmond; at one point Desmond manages to make Stanley spill coffee on himself when he asks what time it is (noticing that Stanley is holding his cup with his watch hand). Stanley was mentioned in the series pilot, during the scene in which Agent Cooper is examining Laura Palmer's body. He speaks into his dictaphone: "Give this to Albert and his team; don't go to Sam; Albert seems to have
19836-414: The land at a reduced price and complete a development project called Ghostwood. Horne's sultry, troubled daughter, Audrey , becomes infatuated with Agent Cooper and spies on her father for clues in an effort to win Agent Cooper's affection. Cooper has a dream in which he is approached by a one-armed otherworldly being who calls himself MIKE. MIKE says that Laura's murderer is a similar entity, Killer BOB ,
20007-649: The largest Māori settlement in New Zealand, became the centre of a major campaign of non-violent resistance to land confiscations. One Māori leader, Te Whiti-o-Rongomai , quickly became the leading figure in the movement, stating in a speech that "Though some, in darkness of heart, seeing their land ravished, might wish to take arms and kill the aggressors, I say it must not be. Let not the Pakehas think to succeed by reason of their guns... I want not war". Te Whiti-o-Rongomai achieved renown for his non-violent tactics among
20178-415: The local police and medical facilities, showing respect only to his FBI colleagues, at least at first. He warms up to the townsfolk as the series progresses, going so far as to hug Truman when returning to the town to help with their hunt for Windom Earle, but does not lose his sharp and sardonic manner. A later appearance, and another conflict with Truman, lead to an emotional moment where Rosenfield exposes
20349-532: The memory of the International Brigades and other militaristic interventions. Shortly after the war ended, Simone Weil , despite having volunteered for service on the republican side, went on to publish The Iliad or the Poem of Force , a work that has been described as a pacifist manifesto. In response to the threat of fascism, some pacifist thinkers, such as Richard B. Gregg , devised plans for
20520-409: The mid-nineteenth century. The London Peace Society, under the initiative of American consul Elihu Burritt and the reverend Henry Richard , convened the first International Peace Congress in London in 1843. The congress decided on two aims: the ideal of peaceable arbitration in the affairs of nations and the creation of an international institution to achieve that. Richard became the secretary of
20691-409: The mirror behind her head. Lynch was made aware of this accident and decided to keep Silva in the scene. Mike made his appearance in the pilot episode which was only originally intended to be a "kind of homage to The Fugitive . The only thing he was gonna do was be in this elevator and walk out." However, when Lynch wrote the "fire walk with me" speech, he imagined Mike saying it in the basement of
20862-449: The mood of the whole piece. It is Twin Peaks ." While creating the score, Lynch often described the moods or emotions he wanted the music to evoke, and Badalamenti began to play the piano. In the scenes dominated by young men, they are accompanied by music that Badalamenti called Cool Jazz. The characters' masculinity was enhanced by finger-snapping, "cocktail-lounge electric piano, pulsing bass, and lightly brushed percussion." A handful of
21033-512: The motifs were borrowed from the Julee Cruise album Floating into the Night , which was written in large part by Badalamenti and Lynch and was released in 1989. This album also serves as the soundtrack to another Lynch project, Industrial Symphony No. 1 , a live Cruise performance also featuring Michael J. Anderson (" The Man from Another Place "). An instrumental version of
21204-408: The movie Twin Peaks: Fire Walk with Me . Her movements and clothing are code; this is an FBI method devised by Regional Bureau Chief Gordon Cole to quickly and covertly brief Special Agent Chester Desmond on what to expect during his investigation into the death of Teresa Banks . Harry S. Truman (played by Michael Ontkean ) is Twin Peaks' sheriff, who assists Special Agent Dale Cooper in
21375-431: The murder of local teenager Laura Palmer ( Sheryl Lee ). The show's narrative draws on elements of detective fiction , but its uncanny tone, supernatural elements, and campy , melodramatic portrayal of eccentric characters also draws from American soap opera and horror tropes. Like much of Lynch's work, it is distinguished by surrealism , offbeat humor , and distinctive cinematography . The musical score
21546-413: The original cast returns, including Kyle MacLachlan , Mädchen Amick , Sherilyn Fenn , Sheryl Lee , Ray Wise , and several others. Additions include Jeremy Davies , Laura Dern , Robert Forster , Tim Roth , Jennifer Jason Leigh , Amanda Seyfried , Matthew Lillard , and Naomi Watts . Since the last episode of The Return aired, there has been speculation about a fourth season. Lynch did not deny
21717-523: The original cast. In the years following the first two seasons, the show has gained a devoted cult following and been referenced in a wide variety of media. Twin Peaks is often listed among the greatest television series and has received widespread acclaim from critics and audiences as well as various accolades . It is considered a landmark turning point in television drama. The 2017 revival titled The Return also received widespread critical acclaim. In 1989, local logger Pete Martell discovers
21888-407: The other cheek philosophy. "If anyone strikes you on the right cheek, turn the other also; and if anyone wants to sue you and take your coat, give your cloak as well ... Love your enemies, do good to those who hate you, bless those who curse you, pray for those who abuse you." He also believed that murder is a sin and repeated the commandment of " Thou shalt not kill ". The New Testament story
22059-450: The outside of military recruiting offices or entering air force bases and hammering on military aircraft. Not all nonviolent resistance (sometimes also called civil resistance ) is based on a fundamental rejection of all violence in all circumstances. Many leaders and participants in such movements, while recognizing the importance of using non-violent methods in particular circumstances, have not been absolute pacifists. Sometimes, as with
22230-455: The pacifist, is always wrong." In a sense the philosophy is based on the idea that the ends do not justify the means. The word pacific denotes conciliatory. Pacifism may be based on moral principles (a deontological view) or pragmatism (a consequentialist view). Principled pacifism holds that at some point along the spectrum from war to interpersonal physical violence, such violence becomes morally wrong. Pragmatic pacifism holds that
22401-465: The pacifistic argument that a just person would not harm anyone. In Plato 's earlier work Crito Socrates asserts that it is not moral to return evil with further evil, an original moral conception, according to Gregory Vlastos , that undermines all justifications for war and violence. Several Roman writers rejected the militarism of Roman society and gave voice to anti-war sentiments, including Propertius , Tibullus and Ovid . The Stoic Seneca
22572-486: The party to oppose Neville Chamberlain 's policy of appeasement . The League of Nations attempted to play its role in ensuring world peace in the 1920s and 1930s. However, with the increasingly revisionist and aggressive behaviour of Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy and Imperial Japan , it ultimately failed to maintain such a world order. Economic sanctions were used against states that committed aggression, such as those against Italy when it invaded Abyssinia , but there
22743-511: The pilot episode was originally intended to be only a "kind of homage to The Fugitive . The only thing he was gonna do was be in this elevator and walk out", according to David Lynch. However, when Lynch wrote the "Fire walk with me" speech, he imagined Al Strobel , who played Gerard, reciting it in the basement of the Twin Peaks hospital—a scene that appeared in the European version of the pilot episode, and surfaced later in Agent Cooper's dream sequence. Gerard's full name, Phillip Michael Gerard,
22914-422: The possibility of another season, but said that if it were to happen, it would not air before 2021. In the 1980s, Mark Frost worked for three years as a writer for the television police drama Hill Street Blues , which featured a large cast and extended story lines. Following his success with The Elephant Man (1980) and Blue Velvet (1986), David Lynch was hired by a Warner Bros. executive to direct
23085-623: The practice of steadfast nonviolent opposition which he called " satyagraha ", instrumental in its role in the Indian Independence Movement . Its effectiveness served as inspiration to Martin Luther King Jr. , James Lawson , Mary and Charles Beard , James Bevel , Thich Nhat Hanh , and many others in the civil rights movement . Pacifism covers a spectrum of views, including the belief that international disputes can and should be peacefully resolved, calls for
23256-414: The primary filming locations for stock Twin Peaks exterior footage – are about an hour's drive from the town of Roslyn, Washington , the town used for the series Northern Exposure . Many exterior scenes were filmed in wooded areas of Malibu, California . Most of the interior scenes were shot on standing sets in a San Fernando Valley warehouse. The soap opera show-within-the-show Invitation to Love
23427-415: The project ultimately fell through. While editing the alternate ending of the foreign version of the pilot episode, an idea occurred to Lynch on his way home one day: "I was leaning against a car — the front of me was leaning against this very warm car. My hands were on the roof and the metal was very hot. The Red Room scene leapt into my mind. 'Little Mike' was there, and he was speaking backwards... For
23598-593: The public, anti-war and anti- Pitt demonstrations convened and peace literature was widely published and disseminated. The first peace movements appeared in 1815–16. In the United States the first such movement was the New York Peace Society , founded in 1815 by the theologian David Low Dodge , and the Massachusetts Peace Society . It became an active organization, holding regular weekly meetings, and producing literature which
23769-441: The range, later shooting Jacques Renault when he tries to go for Sheriff Truman. Andy recognizes that the cave drawing is a map, and he therefore plays a big part in FBI agent Dale Cooper's finding his way to the Black Lodge . In the international pilot, he is revealed as a trumpeter , albeit not a very good one. He has a talent for drawing, which is demonstrated when he sketches Bob from Sarah Palmer 's vision and again during
23940-593: The remaining segments. Standards and Practices had a problem with only one scene from the first season: an extreme close-up in the pilot of Cooper's hand as he slid tweezers under Laura's fingernail and removed a tiny "R". They wanted the scene to be shorter because it made them uncomfortable, but Frost and Lynch refused, and the scene remained. Twin Peaks features members of a loose ensemble of Lynch's favorite character actors, including Jack Nance , Kyle MacLachlan , Grace Zabriskie , and Everett McGill . Isabella Rossellini , who had worked with Lynch on Blue Velvet ,
24111-503: The rescue of Audrey Horne from One Eyed Jacks and the alleged theft of cocaine from an RCMP stakeout. Cooper quickly determines that the Mountie accusing him is himself involved in drug dealing with Jean Renault and Hank Jennings. This leads to the standoff at Dead Dog Farm , in which Bryson uses her femininity to effect Cooper's rescue. 25 years later, Bryson leaves the DEA and becomes
24282-466: The rest of the night I thought only about The Red Room." Special Agent Dale Cooper , played by Kyle MacLachlan , is the protagonist of the series. Cooper is an FBI agent who arrives in Twin Peaks in 1989 to investigate the brutal murder of popular high-school student Laura Palmer . He falls in love with the town and gains a great deal of acceptance within the tightly knit community. Cooper displays an array of quirky, whimsical mannerisms, such as giving
24453-485: The room. When he learned that Silva was an actor, he filmed two panning shots, one with Silva at the base of the bed, and one without; he did not yet know how he would use this material. Later that day, during the filming of Sarah Palmer having a vision, the camera operator told Lynch that the shot was ruined because "Frank [Silva] was reflected in the mirror." Lynch comments: "Things like this happen and make you start dreaming. And one thing leads to another, and if you let it,
24624-479: The sense generally accepted in English-speaking areas" as "an unconditional rejection of all forms of warfare". Philosopher Jenny Teichman defines the main form of pacifism as "anti-warism", the rejection of all forms of warfare. Teichman's beliefs have been summarized by Brian Orend as "... A pacifist rejects war and believes there are no moral grounds which can justify resorting to war. War, for
24795-409: The severed head of high-school librarian Ruth Davenport. During the investigation, Albert begins to form a relationship with Constance Talbot, the local police department's coroner. Chester Desmond , played by Chris Isaak , is a taciturn Special Agent with the FBI who is called out by his boss, Regional Bureau Chief Gordon Cole , to investigate the murder of a 17-year-old girl named Teresa Banks, who
24966-429: The sheriff's department, Lucy Moran, but she has grown tired of him and seeks adventure by seeing Dick Tremayne. Andy is initially jealous of Dick's relationship with his former girlfriend, but the two later bond over Dick's temporary foster son Nicky. Not much is revealed of Andy during the show, except through physical comedy, such as his inadequacy at handling guns and sticky tape. However, Andy improves his gun skills at
25137-430: The song " Falling " became the theme to the show, and the songs " Rockin' Back Inside My Heart ," "The Nightingale," "The World Spins," and "Into the Night" (found in their full versions on the album) were all, except the last, used as Cruise's roadhouse performances during the show's run. The lyrics for all five songs were written by Lynch. A second volume of the soundtrack was released on October 30, 2007, to coincide with
25308-581: The tenth Universal Peace Congress in Glasgow in 1901. A related term is ahimsa (to do no harm), which is a core philosophy in Indian religions such as Hinduism , Buddhism , and Jainism . While modern connotations are recent, having been explicated since the 19th century, ancient references abound. In modern times, interest was revived by Leo Tolstoy in his late works, particularly in The Kingdom of God Is Within You . Mahatma Gandhi propounded
25479-570: The theme of the futility of war and the slaughter of the youth by old fools were published, including, Death of a Hero by Richard Aldington , Erich Remarque 's translated All Quiet on the Western Front and Beverley Nichols 's expose Cry Havoc . A debate at the University of Oxford in 1933 on the motion 'one must fight for King and country' captured the changed mood when the motion was resoundingly defeated. Dick Sheppard established
25650-540: The town before its inhabitants. Due to the lack of forests and mountains in North Dakota, the title was changed from North Dakota to Northwest Passage (the title of the pilot episode), and the location to the Pacific Northwest, specifically Washington. They then drew a map and decided that there would be a lumber mill in the town. Then they came up with an image of a body washing up on the shore of
25821-501: The trial of Leland Palmer when he sketches the back of Leland's head. Following the events of the original series, Andy marries Lucy and they raise their son Wally together. When Deputy Chief Hawk receives an ominous clue from Margaret Lanterman in 2016, he attempts to help Hawk solve the clue, but is unable to do so. Andy later investigates the death of a boy killed by Richard Horne in a hit-and-run incident. Deputy Tommy "Hawk" Hill , played by Michael Horse . Born in 1951, he works at
25992-507: The two-hour pilot for a possible fall 1989 series . He left the position in March 1989 as Lynch went into production. They filmed the pilot for $ 4 million with an agreement with ABC that they would shoot an additional "ending" to it so that it could be sold directly to video in Europe as a feature film if the TV show was not picked up. ABC's Bob Iger and his creative team took over, saw
26163-479: The viewer) to the more prominent residents of Twin Peaks. Harry states that he begins to feel that he is Dr. Watson to Cooper's Sherlock Holmes . Despite their differences, Truman represents a literary alternate to Cooper: they approach the same goal through different means. As the case progress, Harry's respect for Cooper (and vice versa) grows and the two become close friends. He regards Cooper as "the finest lawman he has ever known". He vehemently defends Cooper to
26334-643: The war. After World War I's official end in 1918, peace movements across the continent and the United States renewed, gradually gaining popularity among young Europeans who grew up in the shadow of Europe's trauma over the Great War. Organizations formed in this period included the War Resisters' International , the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom , the No More War Movement ,
26505-442: The woods in the form of an owl and the lawmen wonder if he will reappear. Cooper is set to leave Twin Peaks when he is framed for drug trafficking by Jean Renault and is suspended from the FBI. Renault holds Cooper responsible for the death of his brothers, Jacques and Bernard. Jean Renault is killed in a shootout with police, and Cooper is cleared of all charges. Windom Earle , Cooper's former mentor and FBI partner, escapes from
26676-503: Was 'nothing but the tool of the satiated imperialist powers'." Lansbury was eventually persuaded to resign as Labour leader by the non-pacifist wing of the party and was replaced by Clement Attlee . As the threat from Nazi Germany increased in the 1930s, the Labour Party abandoned its pacifist position and supported rearmament, largely as the result of the efforts of Ernest Bevin and Hugh Dalton , who by 1937 had also persuaded
26847-426: Was an actor. Silva said yes, and Lynch told him that he had a role in mind for him on the series. Silva accepted, and Lynch shot footage of him behind Laura's bed with no real idea of what he would do with it. Silva's reflection was accidentally caught in the footage of Sarah Palmer's frightening vision at the end of the pilot. Sarah sees a hand uncovering Laura's heart necklace from the ground, and Silva can be seen in
27018-568: Was announced on October 6, 2014, as a limited series that would air on Showtime . David Lynch and Mark Frost wrote all the episodes, and Lynch directed. Frost emphasized that the new episodes were not a remake or reboot, but a continuation of the series and film, and the passage of 25 years is an important element of the plot. The third season is also known as Twin Peaks: The Return and Twin Peaks: A Limited Event Series . Most of
27189-547: Was assassinated by a nationalist fanatic on 31 July 1914. The national parties in the Second International increasingly supported their respective nations in war, and the International was dissolved in 1916. In 1915, the League of Nations Society was formed by British liberal leaders to promote a strong international organisation that could enforce the peaceful resolution of conflict. Later that year,
27360-401: Was composed by Angelo Badalamenti with Lynch. The original run was followed by the 1992 feature film Twin Peaks: Fire Walk with Me , which serves as a prequel to the series. The success of the series sparked a media franchise , leading to the release of several tie-in books , including The Secret Diary of Laura Palmer . Under Lynch's direction, the show's 2017 revival included much of
27531-652: Was contacted by an individual claiming to be Jeffries, which led to the killing of an agent stationed in Colombia. Cole later re-experiences Jeffries' sudden reappearance in a dream and remembers Jeffries' comment about Cooper, implying that Cooper may have been an imposter. With the death of Bowie, Jeffries is depicted as a grey orb right by a giant steaming kettle in a room above the convenience store. Cooper's doppelganger approached it, after receiving info on his whereabouts from Ray Monroe. Dale Cooper later encounters Jeffries to access 1989 to rescue Laura Palmer in " Part 17 ". Gordon Cole , played by David Lynch (and named for
27702-608: Was equivalent to the action of a domestic police force suppressing crime. In the 1960s, some pacifists associated with the New Left supported wars of national liberation and supported groups such as the Viet Cong and the Algerian FLN , arguing peaceful attempts to liberate such nations were no longer viable, and war was thus the only option. Advocacy of pacifism can be found far back in history and literature. During
27873-421: Was found wrapped in plastic. Desmond is introduced to his new partner, Special Agent Sam Stanley, and receives coded clues in the form of Lil the Dancer . Desmond and Stanley then begin their investigation by driving to a rural town called Deer Meadow. A few days into the investigation, Desmond mysteriously disappears after picking up a ring later seen to be owned by the Man from Another Place . His disappearance
28044-516: Was going to be so powerful just being dead." And then, while Lynch shot the home movie that James takes of Donna and Laura, he realized that Lee had something special. "She did do another scene—the video with Donna on the picnic—and it was that scene that did it." As a result, Sheryl Lee became a semi-regular addition to the cast, appearing in flashbacks as Laura, and portraying another, recurring character: Maddy Ferguson , Laura's similar-looking cousin. The character of Phillip Gerard's appearance in
28215-425: Was never scripted. The idea came to Lynch one afternoon after touching the side of a hot car left out in the sun: "I was leaning against a car—the front of me was leaning against this very warm car. My hands were on the roof and the metal was very hot. The Red Room scene leapt into my mind. 'Little Mike' was there, and he was speaking backwards... For the rest of the night I thought only about The Red Room." The footage
28386-506: Was no will on the part of the principal League powers, Britain and France, to subordinate their interests to a multilateral process or to disarm at all themselves. The Spanish Civil War proved a major test for international pacifism, and the work of pacifist organisations (such as War Resisters' International and the Fellowship of Reconciliation ) and individuals (such as José Brocca and Amparo Poch ) in that arena has until recently been ignored or forgotten by historians, overshadowed by
28557-604: Was not entirely frowned upon throughout Europe. It was considered a political stance against costly capitalist-imperialist wars, a notion particularly popular in the British Liberal Party of the twentieth century. However, during the eras of World War One and especially World War Two , public opinion on the ideology split. Those against the Second World War, some argued, were not fighting against unnecessary wars of imperialism but instead acquiescing to
28728-535: Was not shot on a studio set, but in the Ennis House , an architectural landmark designed by Frank Lloyd Wright in the Hollywood area of Los Angeles. Mark Frost and David Lynch made use of repeating and sometimes mysterious motifs such as trees (especially fir and pines), coffee and doughnuts , cherry pie, owls, logs, ducks, water, fire — and numerous embedded references to other films and TV shows. During
28899-563: Was originally cast as Giovanna Packard, but she dropped out of the production before shooting began on the pilot episode. The character was then reconceived as Josie Packard , of Chinese ethnicity, and the role given to actress Joan Chen . The cast includes several actors who had risen to fame in the 1950s and 1960s, including 1950s film stars Richard Beymer , Piper Laurie , and Russ Tamblyn . Other veteran actors included British actor James Booth ( Zulu ), former The Mod Squad star Peggy Lipton , and Michael Ontkean , who co-starred in
29070-445: Was originally shot along with the pilot, to be used as the conclusion were it to be released as a feature film. When the series was picked up, Lynch decided to incorporate some of the footage; in the fourth episode, Cooper, narrating the dream, outlines the shot footage which Lynch did not incorporate, such as Mike shooting Bob and the fact that he is 25 years older when he meets Laura Palmer's spirit. In an attempt to avoid cancellation,
29241-624: Was spread as far as Gibraltar and Malta, describing the horrors of war and advocating pacificism on Christian grounds. The London Peace Society (also known as the Society for the Promotion of Permanent and Universal Peace) was formed in 1816 to promote permanent and universal peace by the philanthropist William Allen . In the 1840s, British women formed "Olive Leaf Circles", groups of around 15 to 20 women, to discuss and promote pacifist ideas. The peace movement began to grow in influence by
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