98-511: The Internet Age is a 10-part Chinese documentary television series produced by CCTV . It was first broadcast on CCTV-2 from 25 August 2014 to 4 September 2014. It discusses the "Internet". The original titles of the 10 episodes (in Chinese) are listed as follows, each with an accompanying rough translation in English. China Central Television China Central Television ( CCTV )
196-537: A "flower pot", a Chinese term for someone who only seems useful, but actually gets nothing done. Many credited Shanghai's growth during the period to Zhu Rongji . Jiang was an ardent believer, during this period, in Deng Xiaoping's economic reforms. In an attempt to curb student discontent in 1986 , Jiang recited the Gettysburg Address in English in front of a group of student protesters. At
294-630: A 32-day period which defamed practitioners and incited hatred against them. In 2001, they deceptively claimed that a group of people who had set themselves on fire in Tiananmen Square were Falun Gong adherents, a claim which was characterized as "clearly abusive" by the Canadian regulatory commission. On 23 January 2011, Xinwen Lianbo showcased the Chengdu J-10 firing a missile at a plane, causing it to explode. The footage lasted half
392-676: A Chinese banner that said "Muammar Gaddafi is a lier. [ sic ]" was shown in some Libyan demonstration videos on the Internet. In 2019, CCTV announced that they were cancelling the broadcast of two National Basketball Association preseason games in response to a tweet by the General Manager of the Houston Rockets , Daryl Morey , in support of pro-democracy protests in Hong Kong. After Adam Silver defended
490-811: A celebration to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the Xinhai Revolution . Jiang reappeared at the 18th Party Congress in October 2012, and took part in the 65th Anniversary banquet of the founding of the People's Republic of China in October 2014. At the banquet he sat next to Xi Jinping , who had then succeeded Hu Jintao as CCP general secretary. In September 2015, Jiang attended the parade celebrating 70 years since end of World War II ; there, Jiang again sat next to Xi Jinping and Hu Jintao. He appeared on 29 May 2017 at Shanghai Technology University. After Xi Jinping assumed power in 2012, Jiang's position in
588-401: A complaint against China Global Television Network (CGTN) and China Central Television-4 (CCTV-4) with Canadian authorities. On 21 November 2019, CCTV's international arm CGTN aired a video of a forced confession from Hong Kong activist Simon Cheng . Within a week, Cheng had filed a new complaint to Ofcom over the broadcast. In 2020, the forced confession of Taiwanese citizen Lee Meng-chu
686-536: A consistent record of blatantly and egregiously violating journalistic standards and encouraging or justifying hatred and violence against innocent people. CCTV is an essential component of the CCP's brutal authoritarian regime and should be treated as such." In 2020, the United States Department of State designated CCTV as a foreign mission , which requires it to disclose more about its operations in
784-401: A coup. At the first meeting of the new CCP Politburo Standing Committee , after the Tiananmen Square massacre of 1989, Jiang criticized the previous period as "hard on the economy, soft on politics" and advocated increasing political thought work. Anne-Marie Brady wrote that "Jiang Zemin was a long time political cadre with a nose for ideological work and its importance. This meeting marked
882-406: A delegation which toured other SEZs in twelve countries; upon his return, he issued a radical report which recommended allowing local authorities to issue tax breaks and land leases, and increasing the power of foreign joint ventures . The report initially "caused consternation" among party leaders, but his pragmatic and empirical presentation appealed to Deng Xiaoping. His proposals were approved at
980-402: A government-regulated market economy . It was a huge step to take in the realization of Deng's "socialism with Chinese characteristics". At the same time, Jiang elevated many of his supporters from Shanghai to high government positions, after regaining Deng's confidence. He abolished the outdated Central Advisory Commission in 1992, an advisory body composed of revolutionary party elders. In
1078-503: A position where he could not exercise much influence. Although Jiang retained the chairmanship of the CMC, most members of the commission were professional military men. People's Liberation Army Daily , a publication thought to represent the views of the CMC majority, printed an article on 11 March 2003 which quotes two army delegates as saying, "Having one center is called 'loyalty', while having two centers will result in 'problems. ' " This
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#17327661061151176-550: A program has acceptable content, preventing the broadcast of material that contains inappropriate content or expresses views against the CCP. In March 2018, as the nation began marking the 60th year of television, CCTV ownership changed hands to a new state holding group, the China Media Group . In 1990, CCTV subsidiary, CITVC, established China Television Corporation in California to distribute CCTV content in
1274-572: A second and the destroyed plane shown was later identified as that of an F-5E , a US fighter jet. The clip was later revealed to have been taken from the 1986 US movie Top Gun . In 2011, the new CCTV head Hu Zhanfan "was found to have proclaimed in July [or January, both before the CCTV appointment in November] that journalists' foremost responsibility is to 'be a good mouthpiece ' " Internet posts of
1372-700: A series of missile tests in the waters surrounding Taiwan in 1996 in protest to the Republic of China government under President Lee Teng-hui , who had been seen as moving its foreign policy away from the One-China policy . The United States sent two carrier groups to the vicinity of Taiwan, and the PRC de-escalated. As a result of the United States response, Jiang ordered the People's Liberation Army to begin
1470-536: A ten-year modernization program. Jiang went on a state visit to the United States in 1997, drawing various crowds in protest from the Tibet Independence Movement to supporters of the Chinese democracy movement . He made a speech at Harvard University, part of it in English, but could not escape questions on democracy and freedom. In the official summit meeting with president Bill Clinton ,
1568-467: A warning from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs that its reports were harming China's international image. Following this incident, senior editorial staff and journalists were all forced to write self-criticisms." Brady says that while the channel's equipment is state-of-the-art, the employees are not well trained in how to use it, so there are frequent errors during a broadcast. "The political controls on
1666-478: A younger generation of leaders, Jiang had his theory of Three Represents written into the Party's constitution, alongside Marxism–Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, and Deng Xiaoping Theory at the 16th CCP Congress in 2002. In June 1999, Jiang established an extralegal department, the 610 Office , to crack down on Falun Gong . Cook and Lemish state this was because Jiang was worried that the popular new religious movement
1764-679: Is believed that Jiang had a long-running friendship with the singer Song Zuying , Chen Zhili , and others. Following the rise of Xi Jinping, Song and other Jiang loyalists, including her brother Song Zuyu, fell under investigation for corruption. Jiang had a passable command of several foreign languages, including English and Russian. Jiang remains the only paramount leader of China known to be able to speak in English. He enjoyed engaging foreign visitors in small talk on arts and literature in their native language, in addition to singing foreign songs in its original language. In 1987, he sang When We Were Young and danced with Dianne Feinstein , who
1862-499: Is largely confined to the American economic sphere. The People's Daily and CCTV 's 7 pm Xinwen Lianbo each had Jiang-related events as the front-page or top stories, a fact that remained until Hu Jintao's media administrative changes in 2006. Jiang appeared casual in front of Western media, and gave an unprecedented interview with Mike Wallace of CBS in 2000 at Beidaihe . He would often use foreign languages in front of
1960-420: Is not that of Vice President Hu Jintao [...] Rather, it is a new era of President Jiang Zemin, who has just stepped down as the Party's general secretary." Early in the 2003 SARS crisis, Jiang remained conspicuously silent, and observers were divided over whether it signified his waning influence, or respect for Hu. It has been argued that the institutional arrangements created by the 16th Congress left Jiang in
2058-735: Is the national television broadcaster of China, established in 1958. CCTV is operated by the National Radio and Television Administration which reports directly to the Chinese Communist Party (CCP)'s Central Publicity Department . CCTV has a variety of functions, such as news communication, social education, culture, and entertainment information services. It is a key player in the Chinese government's propaganda network. According to Freedom House and other media commentators, CCTV's reporting about topics sensitive to
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#17327661061152156-1035: The People's Daily and Xinhua News Agency . The current president of CCTV is Shen Haixiong , who was appointed in February 2018, and also appointed as a deputy head of the Publicity Department of the Chinese Communist Party . CCTV produces its own news broadcasts three times a day and is the country's most powerful and prolific television program producer. Its thirty-minute evening news, Xinwen Lianbo (" CCTV Network News " or " CCTV Tonight ", Chinese : 新闻联播 ), goes on air daily at 7:00 pm Beijing time. All local stations are required to carry CCTV's news broadcast. An internal CCTV survey indicates that nearly 500 million people countrywide regularly watch this program. Focus Report ( jiaodian fangtan ), first introduced in 1994,
2254-748: The 12th Party Congress held in September 1982, Jiang became a member of the Central Committee of the CCP , which determines policy and elects the members of the Politburo . In 1985, a political reshuffle took place in Shanghai. Party Secretary Chen Guodong and Mayor Wang Daohan were both removed due to age issues. Instead, Rui Xingwen became the new Party Secretary of Shanghai, and Jiang became new mayor of Shanghai . Jiang received mixed reviews as mayor. Many of his critics dismissed him as
2352-641: The 13th National Congress of the CCP held in October 1987, Jiang was promoted from mayor to Shanghai party secretary , the most powerful position in the city, reporting directly to the central government. He also joined the Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party, in accordance with customs for party secretaries of major cities. In April 1989, former general secretary Hu Yaobang died; he had previously been forced to resign in January 1987 and accused of supporting "bourgeois liberalization". His death catalyzed
2450-503: The 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre , leading to an ideological crisis between "liberals" (who supported aggressive reforms) and "conservatives" (who favored slower change). After the Shanghai-based World Economic Herald tried to publish a eulogy rehabilitating Hu and praising his reformist stance, Jiang took control of the newspaper's editorial board. As the protests continued to grow,
2548-608: The 2022 FIFA World Cup censored scenes of maskless fans in the stadium. CCTV avoided coverage of the protests directly. In 2023, CCTV ran paid ads on social media platforms in multiple countries and languages denouncing the discharge of radioactive water of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant , which critics labeled part of a concerted disinformation campaign. Jiang Zemin Jiang Zemin (17 August 1926 – 30 November 2022)
2646-643: The 2022 Winter Paralympics , CCTV censored a speech by International Paralympic Committee president Andrew Parsons condemning the Russian invasion of Ukraine . CCTV promoted Russian disinformation such as unsubstantiated claims of biological weapons labs in Ukraine . In April 2022, CCTV repeated Russian claims that the Bucha massacre was staged. During the 2022 COVID-19 protests in China , CCTV's coverage of
2744-476: The 20th Party Congress in October 2022. Jiang married Wang Yeping , also a native of Yangzhou, in 1949. She was his cousin, as Jiang's adoptive mother was Wang's aunt. Wang graduated from Shanghai International Studies University . They had two sons together, Jiang Mianheng and Jiang Miankang . Jiang Mianheng went on to be an academic and businessman, working within the Chinese space program , and founded Grace Semiconductor Manufacturing Corporation. It
2842-685: The Stalin Automobile Works in Moscow in the 1950s. He also worked for Changchun's First Automobile Works . As Jiang became increasingly involved in the Communist Party, his main work shifted from the technical side of engineering to administrative and political tasks. In 1962, he returned to Shanghai and became the deputy director of the Shanghai Electric Research Institute. In 1966, he
2940-649: The global South , particularly in Africa and Asia. Under Jiang's leadership, China continued its style of developmental diplomacy which had been adopted under Deng Xiaoping. China's international behavior was generally both pragmatic and predictable. During Jiang's presidency, serious flare-ups between China and the United States occurred. Nonetheless, Jiang's foreign policy was for the most part passive and non-confrontational. Foreign policy under Jiang inherited from that of Deng Xiaoping, that is, taoguang yanghui , or "hide one's talent and bide one's time", which emphasized
3038-514: The " Three Represents ", were written into the CCP constitution in 2002. Jiang gradually vacated his official leadership titles from 2002 to 2005, being succeeded in these roles by Hu Jintao , although he and his political faction continued to influence affairs until much later. In 2022, Jiang died at the age of 96 in Shanghai; he was accorded a state funeral . Jiang Zemin was born in the city of Yangzhou, Jiangsu, on 17 August 1926. His ancestral home
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3136-528: The "mouthpiece" comment. CCTV regularly broadcasts the forced confessions of accused or convicted criminals and produces programming to go along with them. These programs are often filmed before the beginning of formal judicial procedures. Domestic dissidents such as lawyers, journalists, and activists as well as foreigners have been the victim of this practice. In 2013, Peter Humphrey and Charles Xue 's forced confessions were aired on CCTV. Since being freed, Humphrey has been highly critical of CCTV and
3234-522: The 16th Party Congress, the majority of new members for Standing Committee were considered part of Jiang's so-called " Shanghai clique ", the most prominent being vice president Zeng Qinghong , who had served as Jiang's chief of staff for many years, and vice premier Huang Ju , a former party secretary of Shanghai. After Hu succeeded Jiang as general secretary, the latter continued to "[dominate] public life" for several years. The South China Morning Post announced that "a new era has begun in China. But it
3332-635: The Beijing Olympics. He also stood beside Hu Jintao during the mass parade celebrating the 60th anniversary of the People's Republic of China in October 2009. Beginning in July 2011, false reports of Jiang's death began circulating on the news media outside of mainland China and on the internet. While Jiang may indeed have been ill and receiving treatment, the rumors were denied by official sources. On 9 October 2011, Jiang made his first public appearance since his premature obituary in Beijing at
3430-486: The CCP Politburo, in 1987. Jiang came to power unexpectedly as a compromise candidate following the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre , when he replaced Zhao Ziyang as CCP general secretary after Zhao was ousted for his support for the student movement. As the involvement of the " Eight Elders " in Chinese politics steadily declined, Jiang consolidated his hold on power to become the "paramount leader" in
3528-413: The CCP while he was in college. After the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949, he received training at the Stalin Automobile Works in Moscow in the 1950s, later returning to Shanghai in 1962 to serve in various institutes, later being sent between 1970 and 1972 to Romania as part of an expert team to establish machinery manufacturing plants in the country. After 1979, he was appointed as
3626-514: The Central Military Commission of the state, which marked the end of Jiang's political career. This followed weeks of speculation that forces inside the party were pressing Jiang to step aside. Jiang's term was supposed to have lasted until 2007. Hu also succeeded Jiang as the CMC chairman, but, in an apparent political defeat for Jiang, General Xu Caihou , and not Zeng Qinghong was appointed to succeed Hu as vice chairman, as
3724-506: The Chinese New Year—is the most-watched CCTV show. In 2003, CCTV launched its first 24-hour news channel, initially available to cable viewers. As of 2007 , China's television audience rose to 1.2 billion. As content becomes more diversified, there have been concerns about the audience share, as CCTV is losing out to cable, satellite and regional networks. In Guangzhou for example, CCTV programming only accounts for 45% of
3822-504: The Chinese government and CCP is distorted and often used as a weapon against the party's perceived enemies. In 1954, CCP chairman Mao Zedong put forward that China should establish its own TV station. On 5 February 1955, the central broadcasting bureau reported to the State Council and proposed the program of establishing a medium-sized television station, later on premier Zhou Enlai included in China's first five-year plan
3920-657: The Department of Electrical Engineering at the National Central University in Japanese-occupied Nanjing before transferring to National Chiao Tung University (now Shanghai Jiao Tong University ). He graduated there in 1947 with a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering . Jiang joined the Chinese Communist Party when he was in college. After the establishment of the People's Republic of China, Jiang received his training at
4018-466: The General Manager's right to free speech , CCTV responded with, "We express our strong dissatisfaction and opposition to Silver's stated support of Morey's right to free speech. We believe any remarks that challenge national sovereignty and social stability do not belong to the category of free speech," and continued, "We will also immediately examine all other cooperation and exchanges with the NBA." During
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4116-462: The Left is an even greater danger" than deviating to the right. Deng grew critical of Jiang's leadership in 1992. During Deng's southern tour , he subtly suggested that the pace of reform was not fast enough. Jiang grew ever more cautious, and rallied behind Deng's reforms completely. Jiang coined the new " socialist market economy " to move China's centrally-planned socialist economy into essentially
4214-464: The National People's Congress, cementing Jiang as an "early implementer" of Deng Xiaoping Theory . In March 1982, he was pushed out as vice chairman of two commissions. After pressure from premier Gu and Shanghai mayor Wang Daohan , "ardent reformist" Zhao Ziyang appointed Jiang as the first vice minister and party secretary of the newly established Ministry of Electronics Industry. At
4312-711: The Party imposed martial law and deployed troops in Beijing in May. In Shanghai, 100,000 protestors marched in the streets, and 450 students went on a hunger strike. After the third day, Jiang personally met with them to assure them that the Party shared their goals, and to promise future dialogue. He simultaneously sent a telegram to the Central Committee firmly supporting their martial law declaration. His careful public appeals were well received by both pro-democracy students and socialist party elders. On 20 May 1989, paramount leader Deng Xiaoping decided to appoint Jiang as
4410-625: The South China Sea. China sought a formal apology, and accepted United States Secretary of State Colin Powell 's expression of "very sorry" as sufficient. The incident nonetheless created negative feelings towards the United States by the Chinese public and increased public feelings of Chinese nationalism . A personal friend of former Canadian prime minister Jean Chrétien , Jiang strengthened China's economic stature abroad, attempting to establish cordial relations with countries whose trade
4508-558: The Thirteenth Central Committee on 24 June 1989 with a fairly small power base inside the party, and thus, very little actual power. His most reliable allies were the powerful party elders Chen Yun and Li Xiannian. He was believed to be simply a transitional figure until a more stable successor government to Deng could be put in place. Other prominent Party and military figures like President Yang Shangkun and his brother Yang Baibing were believed to be planning
4606-444: The U.S. Since its inception CCTV has served as a tool of state power and as such has been complicit in human rights abuses. They have a history of demonizing and inciting hatred against those perceived as foes by the CCP, in this way they can be used to mobilize against threats as diverse as Falun Gong and international human rights groups. In 1999, during the first crackdown on Falun Gong , CCTV's Focus Talk ran 28 episodes over
4704-615: The U.S. In 2000, CCTV's all-English channel, known as CCTV-9 or CCTV International, was launched. In 2001, the Great Foreign Propaganda Plan was launched by Xu Guangchun, the head of SARFT, also the deputy head of the Publicity Department of the Chinese Communist Party after the urgency of bringing the voice of China to the world was presented by Jiang Zemin , former General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party . The idea of an English channel
4802-885: The US and Europe, mainly delivering CCTV-9 programs. The CCTV-4 channel split into three separate channels on 1 April 2007—each serving different time zones: China Standard Time (CST), Greenwich Mean Time (GMT), and Eastern Standard Time (EST)—in order to improve service for audiences around the world. On 25 July 2009, CCTV launched its Arabic-language international channel, stating that it aims to maintain stronger links with Arab nations. In 2015 and 2018, CCTV signed cooperation agreements with Russian state media outlet RT . In December 2016, CCTV's foreign language services were spun off into China Global Television Network (CGTN) . CCTV and Uzbekistan 's National Television and Radio Corporation (UzTRK) cooperate to produce joint programs and documentaries. China Network Television (CNTV)
4900-638: The United Kingdom in 1997 and of Macau from Portugal in 1999, and entry into the World Trade Organization in 2001, were landmark moments of his era. China also witnessed improved relations with the outside world, while the Communist Party maintained its tight control over the state. Jiang faced criticism over human rights abuses , including the crackdown on the Falun Gong movement . His contributions to party doctrine, known as
4998-526: The United States , Deng Xiaoping decided to encourage special economic zones (SEZs) as part of his Four Modernizations . China's State Council established two ministerial commissions to increase trade and foreign investment. The commissions were headed by vice premier Gu Mu , who appointed Jiang as vice chairman of both commissions, a position equivalent to vice minister. Jiang's role was to ensure these SEZs increased economic prosperity without becoming "conduits" for foreign ideology. In 1980, Jiang headed
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#17327661061155096-557: The United States-China bilateral relation too important to be harmed in the emotion of the moment and sought to soothe the Chinese public's outrage. The Hainan island incident was another tense event in the China-United States relations which occurred during Jiang's presidency. On April 1, 2001, a United States US EP-3 surveillance aircraft collided mid-air with a Chinese Shenyang J-8 jet fighter over
5194-543: The audience" in a letter written by a number of Chinese intellectuals who also called for a boycott of state media was posted on a US-based website and has circulated through Chinese websites. The network often publishes misleading and false information, particularly as it pertains to issues considered sensitive by the Chinese government. However, only a small percentage of the Network's programming can be described as "abusive or demonizing propaganda." Journalists working for
5292-491: The beginning of a new era in propaganda and political thought work in China." Soon after, the Central Propaganda Department was given more resources and power, "including the power to go in to the propaganda-related work units and cleanse the ranks of those who had been supportive of the democracy movement." The Politburo also issued a list of "seven things" regarding "matters of universal concern to
5390-419: The breaking of the " iron rice bowl ", allowing China to join the World Trade Organization in 2001. As a result of the reforms, unemployment rates skyrocketed, rising as high as 40% in some urban areas, and stock markets fluctuated greatly. The scale of rural migration into urban areas was unprecedented anywhere, and little was being done to address an ever-increasing urban-rural wealth gap. Official reports put
5488-544: The cadre school, he became the deputy director of the Foreign Affairs Bureau of the ministry and was sent to the Socialist Republic of Romania , where he served as head of the expert team to establish fifteen machinery manufacturing plants in the country. After the completion of his mission in 1972, he returned to China. In 1979, following a thawing of diplomatic relations between China and
5586-459: The camera; once, he gave a 40-minute speech entirely in Russian. In an encounter with Hong Kong reporter Sharon Cheung in 2000 regarding the central government's apparent "imperial order" of supporting Tung Chee-hwa to seek a second term as Chief Executive of Hong Kong , Jiang scolded the Hong Kong journalists as "too simple, sometimes naive" in English. On 25 February 2000, Jiang introduced
5684-400: The chairmanship of the Central Military Commission, which controlled the army and the nation's foreign policy. Jiang would continue counselling Hu from "behind the curtain", and it was formally agreed that Jiang would be "consulted on all matters of state importance". Both men also reached a "tacit understanding" that Hu would not be considered a " core " leader like Jiang, Deng and Mao. At
5782-462: The coalition forces attacked Libyan civilians and the military intervention was no different from an invasion. In some of the news reports, CCTV used images of demonstrators and said that they were against NATO's military intervention. CCTV also mislabeled a person holding a banner which said "Vive la France" ("long live France" in French) and claimed that he was a supporter of Gaddafi. Later on 27 March,
5880-519: The comment blossomed after the appointment, one "juxtapos[ing] CCTV's ... Xinwen Lianbo (新闻联播) and photos of Chinese crowds waving red flags with black-and-white images from Nazi-era Germany ". Comparisons with the Nazi propaganda chief Joseph Goebbels also spread. Official media coverage of the Zhanfan's presentation focused on his call to avoid "fake news and false reports (失实报道)" but also incorporated
5978-415: The country during the 1990s. Urged by Deng Xiaoping's southern tour in 1992, Jiang officially introduced the term " socialist market economy " in his speech during the 14th CCP National Congress held later that year, which accelerated " opening up and reform ". Under Jiang's leadership, China experienced substantial economic growth with the continuation of market reforms. The returning of Hong Kong from
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#17327661061156076-495: The documentary series Silk Road with Japan's public broadcasting company, NHK . In 1984, CCTV established the wholly-owned subsidiary China International Television Corporation [ Wikidata ] (CITVC). By 1985, CCTV had already become a leading television network in China. In 1987, CCTV's grew due to the adaptation and presentation of Dream of the Red Chamber , the first Chinese television drama to enter
6174-440: The early 1990s, post-Tiananmen economic reforms by Vice Premier and later Premier Zhu Rongji with Jiang's support had stabilized and the country was on a consistent growth trajectory. At the same time, China faced myriad economic and social problems. At Deng's state funeral in 1997, Jiang delivered the elder statesman's eulogy. Jiang had inherited a China rampant with political corruption, and regional economies growing too rapidly for
6272-559: The figure on the percentage of China's GDP being moved and abused by corrupt officials at 10%. Jiang's biggest aim in the economy was stability, and he believed that a stable government with highly centralized power would be a prerequisite, choosing to postpone political reform, which in many facets of governance exacerbated the ongoing problems. After the coastal regions and SEZs were sufficiently developed, Jiang worked to reduce geographic disparities by encouraging richer cities to "provide financial, technological, and managerial assistance to
6370-429: The global market. In the same year, CCTV exported 10,216 shows to 77 foreign television stations. Initially, the CCP's Central Publicity Department issued directive censorship of programs. During reform in the 1990s, it adopted new standards for CCTV, "affordability" and "acceptability", loosening the previous government control. Affordability refers to purchasing ability of programs, while acceptability requires that
6468-410: The masses", with party corruption as the top priority. Jiang was also appointed as the chairman of the Central Military Commission on 9 November 1989, succeeding Deng, and president of the PRC on 27 March 1993; this marked the start of the arrangement in which the paramount leader of China simultaneously serves as Party leader, president and chair of the CMC. In the first few years, Jiang depended on
6566-453: The network's English-language international channel, CGTN, as well as of the other non-Chinese language TV channels under the CGTN banner, are under constant pressure to present a positive account of China, according to Anne-Marie Brady 's study published in 2008. "In August 2005, a series of items reported factually on the coal mining disaster in China; soon after the channel's leaders received
6664-516: The network. The network's principal directors and other officers are appointed by the State, and so are the top officials at local conventional television stations in mainland China; nearly all of them are restricted to broadcasting within their own province or municipality. Editorial independence is subject to government policy considerations, and as a result, its history and news channels have been charged with being " propaganda aimed at brainwashing
6762-409: The new general secretary, replacing Zhao Ziyang, who had supported the protestors. Jiang was selected as a compromise candidate over Tianjin 's Li Ruihuan , premier Li Peng , elders Li Xiannian , Chen Yun , and the retired elders to become the new general secretary. Before that, he had been considered to be an unlikely candidate. Jiang was appointed as general secretary at the fourth plenum of
6860-568: The outer skin was burnt. The fire had implications for the credibility of CCTV, which was already unpopular because of its dominance in the media. The incident was mocked by netizens who reproduced photoshopped photos of the fire and criticized CCTV for censoring coverage. Pictures of the fire are widely distributed on the internet, as a result of citizen journalism . During the 2011 military intervention in Libya , reports from CCTV tended to support Muammar Gaddafi 's arguments, claiming that
6958-403: The party, and changed the founding ideology of the CCP from protecting the interests of the peasantry and workers to that of the "overwhelming majority of the people", a euphemism aimed at placating the growing entrepreneurial class. Conservative critics within the party, such as hardline leftist Deng Liqun , denounced this as betrayal of "true" communist ideology. Before he transferred power to
7056-682: The planned introduction of television broadcasts. In December 1957, the central broadcasting bureau sent Luo Donghe and Meng Qiyu to the Soviet Union and the German Democratic Republic for the inspection of their TV stations (see Television in the Soviet Union and Deutscher Fernsehfunk ), then the duo returned to Beijing to prepare for the establishment of the TV station. In time for its 20th jubilee, Beijing Television
7154-696: The poorer, western ones." Jiang put forward the plan for China's western development . Construction of various infrastructure projects such as the Qinghai–Tibet railway and the Three Gorges Dam began under Jiang's leadership. Jiang launched the Going Global policy in 1999, a national strategy which sought to develop national champion firms, increase foreign demand for Chinese goods and services, and secure energy and resources. This policy greatly expanded Chinese investment and influence in
7252-480: The practice of airing forced confessions. In 2020, the British media regulator Ofcom sided with Humphrey and announced sanctions against CGTN, which aired Humphrey's confession and was branded as CCTV News at the time. In 2014, CCTV broadcast the forced confession of the then-septuagenarian journalist Gao Yu . In 2016, Peter Dahlin and Gui Minhai 's forced confessions were aired on CCTV. In 2019 Dahlin filed
7350-533: The protocol sequence of leaders retreated; while he was often seated next to Xi Jinping at official events, his name was often reported after all standing members of the Communist Party's Politburo. Jiang reappeared at the 19th Party Congress on 18 October 2017. He appeared on 29 July 2019 at the funeral of former premier Li Peng. He also attended the 70th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China mass parade in October 2019, marking his last public appearance prior to his death. He did not attend
7448-622: The remaining sitting members of the CCP Politburo Standing Committee. In 2007, Jiang was seen with Hu Jintao on stage at a ceremony celebrating the 80th anniversary of the founding of the People's Liberation Army , and toured the Military Museum of the Chinese People's Revolution with Li Peng, Zhu Rongji, and other former senior officials. On 8 August 2008, Jiang appeared at the opening ceremony of
7546-509: The run-up to the 16th National Congress of the CCP , Hu Jintao had "almost unanimous support" to become the new CCP general secretary. To maintain China's image as a stable and respected country, Jiang and Hu emphasized their unity, striving to make this transition the first "smooth and harmonious" one in the PRC's history. Jiang stepped down as general secretary and left the Politburo Standing Committee, but retained
7644-537: The ship. Although China sought a formal apology, the United States refused to apologize and refused to pay compensation. Despite the humiliation of the Yinhe incident , Jiang took a stance of goodwill towards the United States and adopted the "sixteen-characters formula" for working with the United States: "enhancing confidence, reducing troubles, expanding cooperation, and avoiding confrontation." Jiang oversaw
7742-535: The stability of the entire country. Deng's policy that "some areas can get rich before others" led to an opening wealth gap between coastal regions and the interior provinces. Jiang and Zhu initiated major reforms to state-owned enterprises (SOEs) during their tenure. Per the concept of " grasping the large, letting go of the small ", a number of heavy industries were deregulated and many small- and medium-sized SOEs were closed down or privatized, initially removing as many as 40 million jobs from SOEs. Jiang also oversaw
7840-584: The station contribute to a generally low level of morale and initiative among station staff," she writes. A study done by the observer of Chinese film and television, Ying Zhu, suggests that "CCTV is full of serious-minded creators who regularly experience bouts of self-doubt, philosophical ambivalence, and in some cases, clinical depression ." During her extensive interviews with key CCTV players, Zhu notes that "Certain common themes, about ideals, distorted or altogether thwarted by commercial and political pressure, emerged." According to Freedom House , CCTV "has
7938-411: The support of Deng Xiaoping to remain in power, which forced Jiang into an "ultranationalist stance" towards Taiwan and the US. Jiang had supported Deng's calls against "bourgeois liberalization", but while Jiang was seen as a "thoughtful reformer", he "[skewed] to the more conservative views of the elders and his Politburo colleagues". Deng was far more supportive of reforms, saying that "deviating to
8036-486: The theory of Three Represents , which was later enshrined in both Party and State constitutions as an "important thought", following in the footsteps of Marxism–Leninism , Mao Zedong Thought and Deng Xiaoping Theory. Officially termed as the latest development of socialism with Chinese characters under Jiang's tenure, the Three Represents justified the incorporation of the new capitalist business class into
8134-633: The tone was relaxed as they sought common ground while largely ignoring areas of disagreement. Clinton would visit China in June 1998, and vowed that China and the United States were partners in the world, and not adversaries. After the United States bombing of the Chinese embassy in Belgrade in 1999, Jiang seemed to have put up a harsh stance for show at home, but in reality only performed symbolic gestures of protest, and no solid action. Jiang deemed
8232-610: The use of cooperative rhetoric and the avoidance of controversy. In July 1993, the United States Navy stopped a Chinese container ship, the Yinhe , based on the incorrect suspicion that it was carrying chemical weapon precursors bound for Iran. Although China denied the allegation, the United States cut off the Yinhe ' s GPS, causing it to lose direction and anchor on the high seas for twenty-four days until it acceded to an inspection. There were no chemical precursors on
8330-473: The vice chair of two commissions by vice premier Gu Mu to oversee the newly established special economic zones (SEZs). He became the vice minister of the newly established Ministry of Electronics Industry and a member of the CCP Central Committee in 1982. Jiang was appointed as the mayor of Shanghai in 1985, later being promoted to its Communist Party secretary , as well as a member of
8428-478: The weekly audience share, while in Shanghai, local stations also have share over CCTV. However, the CCTV New Year's Gala remains extremely popular; it acquires more than 90% audience share over the nation. Producing a variety of different programming, China Central Television has a number of different program hosts, news anchors , correspondents, and contributors who appear throughout daily programing on
8526-417: Was "quietly infiltrating the CCP and state apparatus." On 20 July, security forces arrested thousands of Falun Gong organizers they identified as leaders. The persecution that followed was characterized as a nationwide campaign of propaganda, as well as the large-scale arbitrary imprisonment and coercive reeducation of Falun Gong organizers, sometimes resulting in death due to mistreatment in detention. In
8624-639: Was a Chinese politician who served as general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) from 1989 to 2002, as chairman of the Central Military Commission from 1989 to 2004, and as president of China from 1993 to 2003. Jiang was the third paramount leader of China from 1989 to 2002. He was the core leader of the third generation of Chinese leadership, one of four core leaders alongside Mao Zedong , Deng Xiaoping , and Xi Jinping . Born in Yangzhou , Jiangsu, Jiang joined
8722-432: Was a popular CCTV show which regularly exposes the wrongdoings of local officials, which attracts serious attention from higher levels of government. It also exposed the Chinese government's response to charges of corruption. In 1998, Premier Zhu Rongji praised the program as an important tool of media supervision ( yulun jiandu ). The CCTV New Year's Gala ( Chinese : 中国中央电视台春节联欢晚会 )—a yearly special program for
8820-497: Was aired on a CCTV program. A day later, the same program aired the forced confession of an academic from Taiwan accused of espionage and separatist activities. On 9 February 2009, the Beijing Television Cultural Center caught fire on the last day of the festivities of Chinese New Year , killing one firefighter. The blaze rendered the 42-story structure unusable, as the zinc and titanium alloy of
8918-426: Was an internet-based broadcaster of China Central Television which launched on 28 December 2009. China Central Television, as a component of the China Media Group (CMG), falls under the supervision of the National Radio and Television Administration which is in turn subordinate to the CCP's Central Publicity Department. The organization is considered one of the "big three" state media outlets in China, along with
9016-602: Was appointed as the director and deputy party secretary of a thermal engineering research institute in Wuhan , which was established by the First Ministry of Machine Building . When the Cultural Revolution began in the same year, he did not suffer greatly during the turmoil, but was pulled down from his position as director of the institute and was sent to a May Seventh Cadre School . In 1970, after leaving
9114-411: Was brought out in 1996. CCTV-4 had three half-hour English news broadcasting every day, but later, on 25 September 2000, CCTV-9 a satellite channel was set up to be the first 24-hour English channel, aimed to establish the overseas market. In October 2001, CCTV partnered with AOL Time Warner and other foreign news corporations, giving them access to the Chinese media market in exchange for cable delivery in
9212-544: Was formally renamed China Central Television on 1 May 1978, and a new logo was unveiled. Until the late 1970s, CCTV held only evening broadcasts, usually closing down at midnight. During the summer and winter academic vacations, it occasionally transmitted daytime programming for students, while special daytime programs were aired during national holidays. In 1980, CCTV experimented with news relays from local and central television studios via microwave . It also had its first international collaboration that year, production of
9310-490: Was initially speculated. This power transition formally marked the end of Jiang's era in China, which roughly lasted from 1989 to 2004. In 2008, Jiang published an academic article on China's clean energy resources and another on China's information technology development. Jiang continued to make official appearances after giving up his last title in 2005. In China's strictly defined protocol sequence , Jiang's name always appeared immediately after Hu Jintao's and in front of
9408-471: Was interpreted as a criticism of Jiang's attempt to exercise dual leadership with Hu on the model of Deng Xiaoping. On 19 September 2004, after the 4th Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee, Jiang, at the age of 78, relinquished his post as chairman of the party's Central Military Commission, his last post in the party. Six months later in March 2005, Jiang resigned his last significant post, chairman of
9506-559: Was mayor of San Francisco at the time. Jiang also played the ukulele during his 1997 visit to Hawai'i. Jiang died on 30 November 2022, at the age of 96, in Shanghai. According to the Chinese state media Xinhua News Agency , he died at 12:13 pm from leukemia and multiple organ failures. On the day of Jiang's death, the government released a notice that the national flags would be flown half-staff in key locations of Beijing and diplomatic missions abroad. Foreigners were not invited to attend official mourning activities. Jiang's body
9604-686: Was the Jiangcun Village ( 江村 ) in Jingde County , Anhui. This was also the hometown of a number of prominent figures in Chinese academic and intellectual establishments. Jiang grew up during the years of Japanese occupation . His uncle and foster father, Jiang Shangqing , died fighting the Japanese and was considered in Jiang Zemin's time to be a national hero. After Shangqing's death, Zemin became his male heir. Jiang attended
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