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63-744: The Yinhe was a Chinese container ship that had a fixed schedule between Tianjin Port and Kuwait . Its scheduled port visits included Shanghai, Hong Kong, Singapore, Jakarta , Dubai and Daman and Diu . The Yinhe belonged to the China Ocean Shipping Corporation ( 中远集团 ). In late July 1993, the United States alleged that a Chinese civilian container ship, the Yinhe , was carrying chemical weapon materials ( thionyl chloride and thiodiglycol ) to Abbas Harbor , Iran, citing

126-459: A Saudi-United States joint team, after a preliminary boarding by seventeen Chinese and two Saudi officials. The inspection did not find any improper chemicals. On September 4, the representatives of the Chinese, Saudi and United States governments jointly signed a certification that the ship's cargo did not contain materials related to chemical weapons. American officials refused to apologize for

189-509: A container storage station at the Port of Tianjin in the Binhai New Area of Tianjin, China. The cause of the explosions was not immediately known, but initial reports pointed to an industrial accident . Chinese state media said that at least the initial blast was from unknown hazardous materials in shipping containers at a plant warehouse owned by Ruihai Logistics, a firm specializing in handling hazardous materials. The Port of Tianjin

252-988: A floating pontoon station (天津港公安局水上治安派出所) built on a converted floating crane, currently located on the K1 berth of the Tianjin Port Passenger Terminal. Border Protection : the Public Security Border Troops (公安边防部队) are a gendarmerie force under control of the MPS in charge of border protection and security. The border guards' local ground unit is the Binhai New Area Public Security Border Protection Detachment (滨海新区公安边防支队). The Tianjin Customs Anti-Smuggling Bureau (天津海关缉私局), usually called

315-851: A magnitude-2.9 earthquake, according to the China Earthquake Networks Center. Eight other people remain missing. The port is part of the Maritime Silk Road that runs from the Chinese coast to the south via the southern tip of India to Mombasa , from there through the Red Sea via the Suez Canal to the Mediterranean, there to the Upper Adriatic region to the northern Italian hub of Trieste with its rail connections to Central Europe and

378-701: A protracted process, and one of the continued foci of port reform is to speed up the clearance procedures and reduce their (still significant) burden. Tianjin Port Group (TPG) is both the main Port Operator and Port Landowner , and retains some of the old Port Authority's supervisory functions. TPG is the holding company and Ultimate Controlling Party for most of the Tianjin Port operating units, and its affiliates and subordinate units run most aspects of port operation. The Dagukou port area

441-461: A ship's manifest obtained by its Central Intelligence Agency . It stopped the Yinhe . The United States requested that the Yinhe turn back to China in order to unload its alleged cargo, but China refused after conducting an investigation and determining that no chemical weapon precursors were present on the ship. United States military vessels and aircraft followed the Yinhe, disrupting its normal travel route. The United States unilaterally disabled

504-717: Is (at present) run separately by the Tianjin Lingang Port Group Co. (天津临港港务集团有限公司), owned by the Tianjin Lingang Economic Area Administrative Committee (of which TPG is a part).| TPG also serves as Port Landlord , providing basic municipal services (including roads, power, water and sewerage) and other services, extending from construction materials to printing services, to the port's tenant operators. In this role, TPG maintains quasi-municipal authority over port areas. Finally, as with all Chinese SOEs,

567-634: Is a Chinese aerospace engineer who is an expert in carrier rocket and satellite technology. He has long served as a leader of Chinese satellite projects, and is currently the chief designer for the Chinese Lunar Exploration Program . Sun is a member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and of the International Academy of Astronautics . Jiadong is also known as the " Father of Chinese Satellites". Sun

630-596: Is by necessity largely man-made through dredging and reclamation. The lower course and estuary of the Haihe is the main stem of a large navigable basin , as well as the westernmost seashore of the North China Plain, and there have been major ports on the area at least since the late Eastern Han Dynasty . The river port at the junction of the Grand Canal served as both an inland port and seaport supplying

693-533: Is especially well ranked nationally. Pollution Control : Tianjin MSA is the Port's "National Operational Contact Point" pursuant to MARPOL , and must be contacted (VHF 9) in all incidents of shipborne harmful substance spills. The State Oceanic Administration has overlapping authority regarding spills and pollution, usually concentrated on oil platform and pipeline incidents. The maritime governance regime in China

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756-704: Is fairly dense, and growing rapidly. The MSA Beihai Navigational Security Center's Tianjin Aids to Navigation Office (北海航海保障中心天津航标处) is responsible for the maintenance of all navaids within the Tianjin area. In 2004, the AtoN office controlled 141 navaids in the Tianjin jurisdiction, including 3 lighthouses, 12 light beacons, 22 lead markers, 44 day beacons, 55 light buoys, 1 NDB station, 1 RBN/DGPS station, 3 radar transponders, 2 large AtoN ships, 2 small AtoN ships and 1 survey ship operating from two wharves. While

819-885: Is on the coast of Tianjin Municipality, in the former county of Tanggu , on the coast between the estuaries of the Haihe to the south and the New Yongding River to the north. To the west, the port borders the city of Tanggu (now the Urban Core of the Binhai New Area) and the TEDA . To the east, the port opens up to the Bohai Bay . Tianjin Port is divided into nine port areas: the three core ("Tianjin Xingang") areas of Beijiang, Nanjiang, and Dongjiang around

882-466: Is peculiar in its multiplicity of actors and apparent duplication of labor. Five major agencies ( MSA , SOA , CCG , FLEC , GAC ), plus the local People's Police and other local units, divide maritime and coastal law enforcement , safety and administrative duties, with much overlap in formal remits. These agencies' responsibilities reflect the functional jurisdiction of their parent ministries, and their operational emphases fit those jurisdictions. Only

945-492: Is poor to very poor. Anchored vessels are advised to keep five cables of clearance, as anchor dragging is common (up to 5–10 NM in a day in winter, due to drifting ice). The Haihe river channel is separated from the sea channels by three structures: The final hydraulic structure of the Tianjin Port is the Haihe Second Barrier ( Chinese : 海河二道闸 ; pinyin : hǎihé èrdàozhá ) at Dongnigucun, in

1008-731: Is the Tianjin Maritime Search and Rescue Center (天津市海上搜救中心), with responsibility for coordinating all SAR activities in Port waters. The Tianjin Search and Rescue Base is one of the six rescue bases of the China Rescue and Salvage Beihai Bureau , which is the front-line rescue and salvage force of the Ministry of Transport. SAR Assets: Tianjin Rescue Base keeps three dynamic standby stations, normally with

1071-416: Is wide and slopes gently: The 0 m isobath (the intertidal flats) extends to 3–8 km from shore at a slope of 0.71–1.28%, the −5 m isobath extends 14–18 km from shore, and the −10 m isobath reaches 22–36 km from shore. These features make deep water navigation dependent on extensive dredging , and it means that land reclamation is a cost-effective option for construction. Tianjin Port

1134-594: The Beidou-2 navigation system. During the Cultural Revolution , Sun was appointed as the chief scientist of the Chinese satellite project. On April 24, 1970, the first Chinese space satellite, Dong Fang Hong I , was successfully launched. On March 3, 1971, the satellite "Shi Jian I" was launched. In 1975, China's first returning satellite was successfully launched. In 1984, China's first synchronized experimental communication satellite, Dong Fang Hong II

1197-650: The Jinnan district. The Second Barrier is also an open-type sluice barrier, with 8 vertical-rising gates allowing an average flow of 1200 m /s. The barrier, opened in July 1984, closes ship traffic upriver into Tianjin city proper, and its erection resulted in the abandonment of 29.3 km of navigable channel. The Port of Tianjin falls under the supervisory and regulatory purview of the Tianjin Municipality People's Government. The 2004 incorporation of

1260-846: The North Sea . The Tianjin Xingang Fairway is divided into the Main Shipping Channel, the Chuanzhadong Channel, and the Northern Branch Channel. The Dagusha Channel and the Haihe river channel are separate fairways with slightly different regulations. Tianjin Port has six main anchorage areas and two temporary anchorages. All anchorages are designated for all functions — berth waiting, quarantine, inspection and pilotage — and provide little shelter from weather or rough seas. Bottom hold

1323-700: The Tianjin Coastal Station (天津海岸电台, Callsign : XSV ; Call: Tianjin Radio ; MMSI 004121100). The Station is in charge of the communication obligations of the Global Maritime Distress Safety System in the Port's jurisdiction, supports the SAR Center's communication needs, and supports the MSA's duties of coordination and communications. Maritime Rescue Coordination: The primary SAR coordination agency

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1386-825: The Tianjin MSA Law Enforcement Patrol Flotilla (天津海事局巡查执法支队). The Tianjin Maritime PSB (not to be confused with the Tianjin Port Public Security Bureau) is responsible for maritime law enforcement and carries out marine accident and criminal investigations. The Patrol Flotilla deploys eleven patrol ships (hull numbers haixun 05xx ), which monitor and manage shipping traffic, maintain navigational order and safety, and cooperate on patrol, escort, and search and rescue missions as needed. The Second Detachment of China Maritime Surveillance (中国海监第二支队) of

1449-609: The Tianjin Maritime Court for all matters of national and international Maritime law , including all forms of maritime contracts, torts and offenses. Inbound ships, cargo and personnel require clearance by four main government bodies: China Customs for customs declaration, Border Inspection for migration formalities, China Inspection and Quarantine for quarantine and fumigation, and the MSA for ship and crew safety regulations. Obtaining clearance from these so-called "One Customs Three Inspections" (一关三检) used to be

1512-712: The Tianjin Oceanic Administration has jurisdiction over the Bohai and Laizhou Bays, and over all the coastal areas of Tianjin and Hebei. It monitors environmental damage, illegal use of sea resources, violation of maritime regulations, and damage to marine facilities. The Tianjin Fisheries Management and Fishing Port Supervision and Management Office (天津市渔政渔港监督管理处) is a branch of the Tianjin Fisheries Bureau under

1575-582: The Tianjin SASAC (Tianjin State Assets Supervision and Administration Committee—天津国有资产监督管理委员会), which is the full owner of the Tianjin Port (Group) Company (TPG). TPG's board is appointed by the Tianjin government. TPG is the effective holding company and main Port Operator , and it owns or has a stake on the majority of the Port's various operating outfits. Sun Jiadong Sun Jiadong ( Chinese : 孙家栋 ; born 8 April 1929)

1638-625: The Yinhe incident "has been repeatedly cited as a case of international bullying by the United States". Several Asian countries also joined China in condemning the US after the conclusion of the inspection. After the Yinhe incident, Chinese President Jiang Zemin expressed that China would adopt a diplomatic posture of goodwill and a "sixteen-characters formula" to working with the United States: enhancing confidence, avoiding troubles, expanding cooperation, and avoiding confrontation. Although Jiang

1701-439: The Yinhe 's civilian GPS, causing it lose direction and anchor on the high seas for twenty-four days until it agreed to inspection. The Yinhe experienced shortages of water and fuel. On August 8, 1993, China publicly announced that the Yinhe was receiving "intrusive surveillance" by American warships in international waters—which American officials stated was a sign that China sought a confrontation—and declared officially that

1764-618: The Anti-Smuggling Police (天津海关缉私警察) is a People's Police unit under the dual command of the MPS and the GAC . It is the main body engaged in control, prevention and investigation of customs fraud and duty evasion and smuggling (including cultural goods, drugs, dangerous materials, etc.). The law enforcement arms of the MSA are the Tianjin Maritime Public Security Bureau (天津海事公安局) and

1827-637: The China Fisheries Law Enforcement Command Center (中国渔政指挥中心). It is in charge of enforcing fishing regulations, of controlling illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing (IUU), and of fishing navigational safety. The Port of Tianjin is a state-owned enterprise (SOE), run as an independent corporation, with separate finances and a commercial orientation. The Port Owner is the Tianjin Municipality People's Government (天津市人民政), through

1890-929: The Coast Guard (Maritime Police) patrol vessels are armed gunboats, and the Guard has first line jurisdiction in gendarmerie missions such as terrorism, piracy and serious crimes. The Tianjin Port Public Security Bureau (天津港公安局) is one of the fourteen branch offices of the Tianjin Public Security Bureau , with sub-bureau status. It is responsible for public order, law enforcement, criminal investigation, road traffic control, and fire safety and firefighting. Water Police: The Tianjin Port PSB has its own water police unit running its own patrol boats, which are berthed on

1953-452: The Maoist era, although it pioneered the first container routes and dedicated container terminal in China. The export boom that followed the post-1979 Reform and Opening period put enormous pressure on the rickety port infrastructure of China. Congestion became serious enough to force reform by the central government: On 1 June 1984, the Port of Tianjin was transferred from direct control of

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2016-523: The Ministry of Communications to a "dual" system of shared central and local control. Production then increased in leaps and bounds. In 1988 throughput passed the 20 million tonnes milestone, and in the ten years from 1993, annual throughput growth averaged 10 million tonnes every year. In December 2001, the port was the first port in north China to reach the 100 million tonnes mark. In 2004 it reached 200 million tonnes, in 2007 300 million tonnes and in 2010 400 million tonnes. The container handling capacity of

2079-990: The Port directly operates a number of hydro-meteorological stations (including tide gauges), weather forecasting is primarily the responsibility of the Tianjin Binhai New Area Weather Warning Center (天津市滨海新区气象预警中心), the local agency of the Tianjin Municipal Weather Bureau (天津市气象局). The Warning Center uses local (26 automatic weather stations in Binhai), national and satellite data to forecast marine and port weather. Tianjin Coastal Radio: The Beihai Navigational Security Center's Tianjin Communications and Information Center (北海航海保障中心天津通信中心) runs

2142-673: The Shanghai stock market. In 1997, Tianjin Development Holdings, which owned the container-handling assets of the Port, was listed in Hong Kong. Its port assets were later spun out as the Tianjin Port Development Company (TPD) and listed in the Hong Kong exchange in 2006. The PTA delayed corporatization to steer the passing of the 11th five-year development plan for the port. The transition

2205-1078: The Tianjin Port Authority into TPG formally divested the group of its role as Port Regulator , which passed to the Tianjin Transportation and Port Authority (天津市交通运输和港口管理局), formerly the Tianjin Transport Commission. The TTPA implements state policy on port work; drafts local policies, by-laws and regulations; and licenses, audits, and issues certifications to businesses operating in the port, in particular to ship terminals. The TTPA supervises and manages compliance to all laws and regulations regarding environmental protection, service compliance, pilotage, maintenance of port infrastructure and handling of dangerous goods and disinfection in all terminals and storage areas. The Tianjin Municipality People's Government Port Services Office (天津市人民政府口岸服务办公室)

2268-737: The Tianjin Xingang port) outside the river estuary. By the end of the war, the new port was incomplete, and damage during the Chinese Civil War left it unusable by the time of its capture in 1949. The Communists reconstructed the Tanggu New Port slowly. On 17 October 1952, it reopened for traffic. At the time, the main channel was dredged to 6 m depth, could handle ships of up to 7,000 DWT and had an annual throughput of only 800,000 tonnes — less than 1/500 of present capacity. The port remained small throughout

2331-551: The US response to the incident. According to Di, the chemicals thionyl chloride and thiodiglycol were included in the initial manifest for the Yinhe, but were restricted by Chinese customs. He noted the difficulties in ascertaining the end uses of such chemicals at customs, and argued that the Chinese government did not want to export the chemicals to Iran nor knew that they were being shipped until they intercepted an US intelligence report. Di further argued that US intelligence should have privately notified their Chinese counterparts of

2394-403: The Xingang fairway; the Haihe area along the river; the Beitang port area around the Beitangkou estuary; the Dagukou port area in the estuary of the Haihe River; and three areas under construction ( Hanggu , Gaoshaling , Nangang ). The coastal area of Tianjin municipality before development was dominated by mudflats , salt marshes (and salterns ), and coastal shallows. This littoral zone

2457-435: The Yinhe incident to force the Yinhe to stop sailing, as a reason "to develop an independent 'BeiDou' for China,” and also as the reason for “ Sun Jiadong and Shen Rongjun, deputy director of the National Defense Science, Technology and Industry Commission, jointly signing a letter to propose the launch of China’s satellite navigation project”. According to academics Joseph Yu-shek Cheng and Ngok King Lun, Chinese officials and

2520-429: The army as a Russian translator. In 1951, Sun and 29 other soldiers were sent to study aircraft engines at the Zhukovsky Air Force Academy in the Soviet Union . In 1958, Sun graduated "with highest honor" and returned to China. After returning to China, Sun served in the Fifth Research Institute of the Ministry of National Defense, conducting missile research. In 1967, he was appointed by Qian Xuesen to restructure

2583-412: The control and coordination role of the local Communist Party units is significant, as is the common cross-sharing of personnel among related units. The Vessel Traffic Service Center (天津船舶交通管理中心) of the MSA provides traffic control, navigation assistance and local communication to all vessels in the Port's fairway, anchorages and berths. The VTS Center is located in an 88 m tall control tower at

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2646-428: The crisis hit profits hard, and it convinced the Tianjin government to reorganize and streamline the structure of the Port, which they did in 2009 by having TPD (the smaller operator, but one with the useful foreign registration and access to foreign capital markets) take over TPC. Simultaneously, ownership of TPD was transferred from Tianjin Development Holdings (a subsidiary of the Tianjin Ministry of Commerce) to TPG. By

2709-452: The eastern end of the Dongtudi (East Pier), and has two subordinate monitoring stations at Dongjiang and Lingang. Its control area extends 20 nautical miles (37 km) from the tower. Compliance with the VTSC's authority is mandatory, and all ships must maintain watch on its VHF channel (Ch. 9) while on the port area. On the Haihe, both VHF 09 and 71 must be on watch. The Tianjin Port's aids to navigation (AtoN) system

2772-404: The end of 2010. Tianjin Port handled 500 million tonnes of cargo and 13 million TEU of containers in 2013, making it the world's fourth largest port by throughput tonnage and the ninth in container throughput. The port trades with more than 600 ports in 180 countries and territories around the world. It is served by over 115 regular container lines. run by 60 liner companies, including all

2835-509: The following units: Tianjin Port PSB Fire Services Detachment (天津港公安局消防支队) holds the fire-fighting and fire prevention duties for both the land and water areas of the Port. Emergency Medical Assistance: The Tianjin Port Hospital (天津港口医院) is the primary provider of emergency medical care in the port. It is a 314-bed comprehensive hospital, owned by TPG, that is specially licensed to deal with infectious disease outbreaks, quarantine and maritime accident trauma: its orthopedic trauma department

2898-408: The incident, instead describing it as "unfortunate." They indicated that they were discussing the issue of whether the United States was obligated to pay compensation to the ship's owner, China Ocean Shipping Corporation. The United States also refused to respond to Chinese demands that US pay compensation for the incident. The Chinese government demanded a public apology and financial compensation for

2961-460: The incident. When the accusations were reported in China, Chinese nationalism increased in response. The Chinese government attempted to downplay the issue by claiming that the accusation was not the official stance of the American government and did not represent the majority opinion in the United States. During an April 2001 U.S. House hearing, a professor Joseph Fewsmith of the Department of International Relations of Boston University claimed that

3024-591: The issue, rather than publicly while the ship was in international waters. According to Di, "Washington wanted to disgrace China but wound up disgracing its own intelligence instead." Tianjin Port The Port of Tianjin ( Tianjin Gang , Chinese : 天津港 ; pinyin : tiānjīn gǎng ), formerly known as the Port of Tanggu , is the largest port in Northern China and the main maritime gateway to Beijing . The name "Tianjin Xingang" ( Chinese : 天津新港 ; pinyin : tiānjīn xīngǎng ; lit. 'Tianjin New Port'), which strictly speaking refers only to

3087-495: The largest type of port-city in the world. The port is part of the Binhai New Area district of Tianjin Municipality, the main special economic zone of northern China, and it lies directly east of the TEDA . The Port of Tianjin is at the core of the ambitious development program of the BNA and, as part of that plan, the port aims to become the primary logistics and shipping hub of North China. On 12 August 2015, at least two explosions within 30 seconds of each other occurred at

3150-448: The main seaport area, is sometimes used to refer to the whole port. The port is on the western shore of the Bohai Bay , centred on the estuary of the Haihe River , 170 km southeast of Beijing and 60 km east of Tianjin city. It is the largest man-made port in mainland China, and one of the largest in the world. It covers 121 square kilometers of land surface, with over 31.9 km of quay shoreline and 151 production berths at

3213-423: The northeast border of Chinese states. Since 1153, it was the critical supply hub for what is now Beijing . However, it was not until after the conclusion of the Second Opium War in 1860 that the port of Tanggu became an important transshipment center, allowing oceangoing ships to lighter their cargoes to cross the very shallow sandbar barring the entrance to Haihe, the Taku Bar (大沽坝 — the name of this barrier

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3276-414: The port increased from 0.4 million TEU in 1992, to 2.4 million TEU in 2002, 7.1 million TEU in 2007, and more than 10 million TEU in 2010. The structure of the port also changed. In 1992, Tianjin Port Storage and Transportation Company was made into a joint stock company under the full ownership of the Tianjin Port Bureau. In 1996, it was converted into the Tianjin Port Holdings Company (TPC) and listed in

3339-421: The public generally considered the Yinhe incident as a demonstration of US hegemonism . This opinion affected the official and public perceptions of the Hainan island incident , which was largely considered as subsequent hegemonic actions by the United States in a similar manner as the Yinhe incident. Di Hua , research associate at the Stanford Center for International Security and Arms Control , criticized

3402-418: The ship did not carry any chemical weapons materials. The U.S. government dismissed the declaration, and a senior member of the Clinton administration initially stated that while it would be illegal for the United States to board the ship for inspection, the United States would continue efforts to persuade China to recall the ship. On August 20, 1993, after being stranded for three weeks in international waters,

3465-402: The ship was allowed to "take on fuel and water ... to ensure the safety of the vessel and crew" after repeated requests from the shipping company. A ship registered to the United Arab Emirates brought fresh water, vegetables and fruits. The ship docked at Dammam , Saudi Arabia on August 27, 1993. The next day, the United States and China agreed to an open inspection of the ship at the port, by

3528-448: The staff for satellite research. In addition to being in charge of the general design project for China's first satellite, he also worked as the technical superintendent and general designer for both China's first remote sensing satellite and recoverable satellite. He was also the chief designer of a second generation of special application satellites, such as communication, meteorological, and earth resource detecting satellites, as well as

3591-436: The time the merger was concluded, on 4 February 2010, all operations in the Tianjin Port had been consolidated under TPG. The Port of Tianjin was adversely affected by a large industrial-scale accident in August 2015. On August 12, a series of explosions took place at a port chemical storage facility in Binhai, causing 173 deaths and nearly 800 injuries. The blast had the equivalent of 800 metric tonnes of ammonium nitrate or

3654-402: The top 20 liners. Expansion in the last two decades has been enormous, going from 30 million tonnes of cargo and 490,000 TEU in 1993 to well beyond 400 million tonnes and 10 million TEU in 2012. Capacity is still increasing at a high rate, with 550–600  Mt of throughput capacity expected by 2015. The large volume of port traffic and high urban population makes Tianjin a Large-Port Megacity,

3717-417: Was bestowed the Medal of the Republic , the highest honorary medal of the People's Republic of China, in September 2019. Sun was born in Fu County , Liaoning on 8 April 1929. He enrolled in the Harbin Institute of Technology to begin preparatory courses in Russian when he was 18. Later he transferred to the automotive department. Around the time of the Chinese air force formation, he was chosen to join

3780-417: Was criticized by hardliners and some military officials domestically for the perceived "weak reaction," his accommodating approach helped improve China's relations with the United States . When reporting on the BeiDou navigation system , the Chinese mainland media often mentioned the fact that the United States partially deactivated the GPS navigation service in the sea area where the Yinhe was located during

3843-403: Was often used by foreign powers to refer to the entire port). After the Boxer Rebellion , the whole of Tanggu came under foreign occupation, and those foreign powers developed an extensive network of quays on the riverside. The capacity of the Tanggu and Tianjin river port was limited, and so the Japanese occupation forces started in 1940 the construction of the Tanggu Xingang seaport (later

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3906-492: Was only completed on 3 June 2004, when the PTA became the last major Port Authority in China to become a corporation: the Tianjin Port (Group) Company (天津港(集团)有限公司, or TPG by its English acronym). The financial tsunami of 2008 hit Chinese ports particularly hard, as they depended heavily on foreign trade flows. The Tianjin Port did better than average due to its diversification: While container business plummeted, bulk trade (in particular iron ore) remained strong. Nevertheless,

3969-409: Was set up in May 2009 to streamline port operations, in particular customs and inspection clearance procedures. Tianjin Maritime Safety Bureau: Harbormaster powers for the Port of Tianjin are mostly vested on the Tianjin Maritime Safety Bureau (天津海事局), which is the local agency of the China Maritime Safety Administration . Maritime Law: The Port of Tianjin falls under the jurisdiction of

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