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170-589: Terminator: The Sarah Connor Chronicles (sometimes abbreviated as Terminator: TSCC or simply TSCC ) is an American science fiction drama television series. It aired on Fox from January 13, 2008 to April 10, 2009, spanning 31 episodes across two seasons. It is a spin-off from the Terminator film series , disregarding the events of Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines and picking up shortly after Terminator 2: Judgment Day . The series revolves around

340-434: A Cain", features a moody cover of " Donald Where's Your Troosers? performed by Garret Dillahunt and Mackenzie Brooke Smith at the closing. The song was originally written and recorded by Andy Stewart . The record label La-La Land Records released the original television soundtrack for Terminator: The Sarah Connor Chronicles on December 23, 2008. Prior to its broadcast, Fox undertook a large marketing effort to promote

510-625: A Primary Care Paramedic, although it is starting to head towards a university degree-based program. The province of Ontario announced that by September 2021, the entry level primary care paramedic post-secondary program would be enhanced from a two-year diploma to a three-year advanced diploma in primary care paramedicine. Resultantly, advanced care paramedics in Ontario will require a minimum of four years of post-secondary education and critical care paramedics will require five years of post-secondary education. In Israel, paramedics are trained in either of

680-467: A Terminator a surprise for the series premiere. Richard T. Jones , who portrays James Ellison , was allowed to improvise a few lines to provide "a little bit of comic relief" to the show. He described his character as a "man of faith", and acknowledged that he is the one main character who initially does not believe in Sarah's story about the future apocalypse: "It's funny, because when I go about [playing]

850-469: A Terminator was featured in a brief advertisement fighting Cleatus the Fox Sports Robot . Billboard advertisements, which were described by Variety to have "blanketed New York and L.A.", contained images of Summer Glau's Terminator in a " Lady Godiva -esque pose" used to target the young-male demographic, while the key art emphasized on Sarah Connor being at the core of the show to attract

1020-462: A better understanding of the film. According to the taxonomy, combining the type with the genre does not create a separate genre. For instance, the "Horror Drama" is simply a dramatic horror film (as opposed to a comedic horror film). "Horror Drama" is not a genre separate from the horror genre or the drama type. Crime dramas explore themes of truth, justice, and freedom, and contain the fundamental dichotomy of "criminal vs. lawman". Crime films make

1190-423: A broader range of moods . To these ends, a primary element in a drama is the occurrence of conflict —emotional, social, or otherwise—and its resolution in the course of the storyline. All forms of cinema or television that involve fictional stories are forms of drama in the broader sense if their storytelling is achieved by means of actors who represent ( mimesis ) characters . In this broader sense, drama

1360-549: A common hazard faced by paramedics, where safety goggles can be used for eye protection. Underhand protection, paramedics can employ gloves mainly to curb burns. One of the principles of PPE is that choices should be guided by specific risks associated with various emergencies, which warrant different PPE requirements. Paramedic are involved in challenging professions and can be subject to different kinds of psychological stress , for instance, post-traumatic stress disorder , depression , or severe burnout . The psychological aspect

1530-589: A company, the Kaliba Group, which has an apparent connection to Skynet. The Turk is purchased by Catherine Weaver , CEO of ZeiraCorp. Unknown to others, Weaver is a shapeshifting T-1001. She is posing as the real Weaver, who died sometime prior and left behind a young daughter, Savannah , now raised by the doppelganger. The T-1001/Weaver commissions work on an AI project using the Turk. She also convinces Ellison to work for her, showing him evidence of Terminators in

1700-513: A digital scan of Manson's face and body. Terminator: The Sarah Connor Chronicles features incidental music composed by Bear McCreary . For financial reasons, the main theme of the Terminator film series, originally composed by Brad Fiedel , is featured only briefly in the TV series—mainly during the title sequence. McCreary has stated that his score is inspired by the tone of Fiedel's score in

1870-531: A five-year period, and 93% stop treating within 10 years. In the United Kingdom, ambulances were originally municipal services after the end of World War II. Training was frequently conducted internally, although national levels of coordination led to more standardization of staff training. Ambulance services were merged into county-level agencies in 1974, and then into regional agencies in 2006. The regional ambulance services, most often trusts, are under

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2040-487: A four-week vehicle giveaway entitled "The Never Back Down Challenge." Originally scheduled to premiere on Monday, January 14, 2008, the show's debut was rescheduled to commence a day earlier, after Fox reorganized their broadcast timetable due to the writers' strike. Fox originally planned to premiere Terminator: The Sarah Connor Chronicles in the Monday 8:00 p.m. ET timeslot as a lead-in program for 24 . However,

2210-479: A growing number of these advanced paramedics who are independent and supplementary prescribers. There are also 'Critical Care Paramedics' who specialise in acute emergency incidents. In 2018, the UK government changed legislation allowing Paramedics to independently prescribe, which will open new pathways to Paramedics to progress into. This came into force on 1 April 2018, but did not immediately affect practice as guidance

2380-445: A handful of universities also offer a four-year bachelor's degree component. The national standard course minimum requires didactic and clinical hours for a paramedic program of 1,500 or more hours of classroom training and 500+ clinical hours to be accredited and nationally recognized. Calendar length typically varies from 12 months to upwards of two years, excluding degree options, EMT training, work experience, and prerequisites. It

2550-551: A hospital were identified as comprehensive trauma care, rapid transport to designated trauma facilities, and the presence of medical corpsmen who were trained to perform certain critical advanced medical procedures such as fluid replacement and airway management . As a result of The White Paper , the US government moved to develop minimum standards for ambulance training, ambulance equipment and vehicle design. These new standards were incorporated into Federal Highway Safety legislation and

2720-580: A live performance, it has also been used to describe the more high-brow and serious end of the dramatic output of radio . The Screenwriters Taxonomy contends that film genres are fundamentally based upon a film's atmosphere, character and story, and therefore the labels "drama" and "comedy" are too broad to be considered a genre. Instead, the taxonomy contends that film dramas are a "Type" of film; listing at least ten different sub-types of film and television drama. Docudramas are dramatized adaptations of real-life events. While not always completely accurate,

2890-474: A lot of people get very worked up about the continuity and the canon and all that stuff." Friedman initially considered Kyle Reese as a regular character in the present, having traveled from the future in a way that would not disrupt the continuity of the first two films: "I had a whole way it worked in my head and the more I tried to explain it to people, the crazier it sounded." Middleton talked him out of this idea, finding it confusing. Friedman still felt it

3060-685: A more central component of the story, along with serious content.  Examples include Three Colours: White (1994), The Truman Show (1998), The Man Without a Past (2002), The Best Exotic Marigold Hotel (2011), and Silver Linings Playbook (2012). Coined by film professor Ken Dancyger , these stories exaggerate characters and situations to the point of becoming fable, legend or fairy tale.  Examples: Fantastic Mr. Fox (2009) and Maleficent (2014). Light dramas are light-hearted stories that are, nevertheless, serious in nature.  Examples: The Help (2011) and The Terminal (2004). Psychological dramas are dramas that focus on

3230-421: A mother who is a single parent, bringing up a teenage son, who also happens to save the world—as a byline to her life. And the way I would play that is someone who's passionate and scared and angry and a mother, all these things. So I approach that just trying to be honest within the boundaries of her. However, the choice to cast Headey was criticized by some fans and critics arguing that she bore no resemblance to

3400-707: A paramedic is to stabilize people with life-threatening injuries and transport these patients to a higher level of care (typically an emergency department). Due to the nature of their job, paramedics work in many environments, including roadways, people's homes, and depending on their qualifications, wilderness environments, hospitals, aircraft, and with SWAT teams during police operations. Paramedics also work in non-emergency situations, such as transporting chronically ill patients to and from treatment centers and in some areas, address social determinants of health and provide in-home care to ill patients at risk of hospitalization (a practice known as community paramedicine ). The role of

3570-486: A paramedic program (then called Mobile Intensive Care Technicians) under the medical direction of Ralph Feichter, MD. In 1969, the initial Los Angeles paramedic training program was instituted in conjunction with Harbor General Hospital, now Harbor–UCLA Medical Center , under the medical direction of J. Michael Criley , MD and James Lewis, MD. In 1969, the Seattle "Medic 1" paramedic program was developed in conjunction with

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3740-560: A paramedic varies widely across the world, as EMS providers operate with many different models of care . In the Anglo-American model, paramedics are autonomous decision-makers. In some countries such as the United Kingdom and South Africa, the paramedic role has developed into an autonomous health profession. In the Franco-German model, ambulance care is led by physicians. In some versions of this model, such as France, there

3910-560: A passenger to lie down. In most cases these ambulances were operated by drivers and attendants with little or no medical training, and it was some time before formal training began to appear in some units. An early example was the members of the Toronto Police Ambulance Service receiving a mandatory five days of training from St. John as early as 1889. Prior to World War I motorized ambulances started to be developed, but once they proved their effectiveness on

4080-633: A person's life and raises their level of importance. The "small things in life" feel as important to the protagonist (and the audience) as the climactic battle in an action film, or the final shootout in a western.  Often, the protagonists deal with multiple, overlapping issues in the course of the film – just as we do in life.  Films of this type/genre combination include: The Wrestler (2008), Fruitvale Station (2013), and Locke (2013). Romantic dramas are films with central themes that reinforce our beliefs about love (e.g.: themes such as "love at first sight", "love conquers all", or "there

4250-610: A rapid response vehicle / helicopter. The role of paramedics in Germany has evolved from support to physicians in the field to the central role in pre-hospital emergency care. The development of the profession has been a gradual move from simply transporting patients to hospital, to more advanced treatments in the field. In some countries, the paramedic may take on the role as part of a system to prevent hospitalization entirely and, through practitioners, are able to prescribe certain medications , or undertaking 'see and refer' visits, where

4420-543: A re-programmed T-800 to protect his younger self. Skynet was to be created by Miles Dyson , a Cyberdyne employee who, in the present, is convinced to help the Connors. He dies in an explosion destroying Cyberdyne and his research. This is followed by the destruction of the T-1000 and T-800, preventing the latter's technology from being reverse engineered to create Skynet, as in the original timeline. Because of these actions,

4590-513: A role beginning to require a foundation degree in countries such as Australia , South Africa , the UK , and increasingly in Canada and parts of the U.S. such as Oregon , where a degree is required for entry level practice. As a part of Emergency Medicine Reform in 2017 Ministry of Healthcare introduced two specialties — "paramedic" and " emergency medical technician ". Paramedics are employed by

4760-596: A role her character had in the show. She had significant screentime with Jones and Dillahunt, who both offered acting tips and support. Leven Rambin and Stephanie Jacobsen also joined the series for season two, portraying Riley Dawson and Jesse Flores respectively. Riley was named after Fox president Kevin Reiley , and was added after he suggested the addition of a girlfriend for John. Unlike other characters, Riley would serve as someone to whom John could express his deepest emotions. Arnold Schwarzenegger had portrayed

4930-429: A role that practices independently in the pre-hospital environment in a capacity similar to that of a nurse practitioner . This is a fully autonomous role, and such senior paramedics are now working in hospitals, community teams such as rapid response teams, and also in increasing numbers in general practice, where their role includes acute presentations, complex chronic care and end of life management. They work as part of

5100-408: A rough idea of where the series could go over the course of four seasons. At the time, he viewed Judgment Day as an inevitable event despite the Connors' efforts, with the final season to be set during the future war. The eventual series focused extensively on exploring religious and humanistic themes and ideas. Friedman saw over 300 actresses for the role of Sarah Connor and described the actress he

5270-411: A scene in which Cromartie massacres numerous FBI agents sent to apprehend him from a motel room. The scene is shot from the bottom of a swimming pool, as slain agents are continually tossed in by Cromartie, who is off-screen during this time. Middleton denied that the scene was shot this way as a cost-saving measure. Friedman recalled pitching the idea in the writers' room: "I said 'I want to do it all from

Terminator: The Sarah Connor Chronicles - Misplaced Pages Continue

5440-731: A set of skills practised by paramedics in the pre-hospital setting commonly includes: Paramedics carry and administer a wide array of emergency medications . The specific medications they are permitted to administer vary widely, based on local standards of care and protocols. For an accurate description of permitted drugs or procedures in a given location, it is necessary to contact that jurisdiction directly. A representative list of medications may commonly include: As described above, many jurisdictions have different levels of paramedic training, leading to variations in what procedures different paramedics may perform depending upon their qualifications. Three common general divisions of paramedic training are

5610-720: A set previously used by Gilmore Girls to depict the fictional town Stars Hollow . Practical effects for the Terminators were provided by special makeup artist Robert Green Hall . The show's visual effects, including computer-generated images (CGI) of the Terminator endoskeletons, were handled by Zoic Studios . The company provided more than 400 effects shots for the pilot episode, and between 25 and 100 shots for each subsequent episode. The effects were created by various teams at Zoic, each one focusing on different aspects such as 3D, compositing , and wire removal . Because of

5780-415: A shift in emphasis from patient transport to treatment both on scene and en route to hospitals. This led to some services changing their descriptions from "ambulance services" to " emergency medical services ". The training, knowledge-base, and skill sets of both paramedics and emergency medical technicians (EMTs) were typically determined by local medical directors based primarily on the perceived needs of

5950-509: A similar AI originating from Dyson's work on Skynet. John Henry recovers and wishes to learn more about his counterpart. Meanwhile, Jesse Flores and Riley Dawson have arrived from an altered future where John, as resistance leader, only communicates through Cameron, having become increasingly reliant on her. Jesse, a resistance fighter, recruited Riley in a mission to stop Cameron's influence on young John, by having Riley become his girlfriend. Secretly, Jesse intends for Cameron to view Riley as

6120-464: A specific approach to drama but, rather, consider drama as a lack of comedic techniques.  Examples: Ghost World (2001) and Wuthering Heights (2011). According to the Screenwriters' Taxonomy, all film descriptions should contain their type (comedy or drama) combined with one (or more) of the eleven super-genres. This combination does not create a separate genre, but rather, provides

6290-544: A thirteen-episode season, which was reduced to nine episodes because of the Writers Guild of America strike . The series premiered mid-season and would go on to receive generally positive reviews, but it also saw low viewership ratings as it progressed through its second season. The Sarah Connor Chronicles was cancelled on May 18, 2009, despite a fan campaign urging Fox to renew it. In the film Terminator 2: Judgment Day , Sarah Connor and her son John infiltrate

6460-405: A threat and thus kill her, making John distrustful of machines. However, Riley deduces the full extent of the plan, and Jesse kills her during an argument; John soon learns of this. Derek, Jesse's love interest, confronts her, although her fate is left ambiguous. Derek is later killed by a T-888 while the Connors are rescuing Savannah from the machine. In the season-one finale, Cameron is damaged in

6630-745: A training program to educate paramedics on job hazards, and supplying PPE such as respirators, gloves, and isolation gowns when dealing with biological hazards. Infectious disease has become a major concern, in light of the COVID-19 pandemic . In response, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and other agencies and organizations have issued guidance regarding workplace hazard controls for COVID-19 . Some specific recommendations include modified call queries, symptom screening, universal PPE use, hand hygiene, physical distancing, and stringent disinfection protocols. Research on ambulance ventilation systems found that aerosols often recirculate throughout

6800-583: A two-month break starting in December 2008. Benjamin Svetkey of Entertainment Weekly was critical of the hiatus: "Just figuring out when new episodes would be on the air has been a time-travel paradox so perplexing it would drive John Connor crazy. At a certain point, I stopped trying." He further added that the show's "on-again-off-again scheduling has made it all but impossible to build any traction with its increasingly complex plotlines." Green said that "for

6970-410: A variety of different organizations, and the services they provide may occur under differing organizational structures, depending on the part of the world. A new and evolving role for paramedics involves the expansion of their practice into the provision of relatively basic primary health care and assessment services. Some paramedics have begun to specialize their practice, frequently in association with

Terminator: The Sarah Connor Chronicles - Misplaced Pages Continue

7140-469: A vehicle explosion which has negative effects on her programming throughout the second season, occasionally causing her to glitch and engage in unexpected behavior. As the season concludes, the Connors learn of John Henry's existence and believe him to be Skynet. They meet with Weaver, who reveals herself as a Terminator. She says they actually share a common enemy in Skynet, which John is destined to fight with

7310-412: Is a mode distinct from novels, short stories , and narrative poetry or songs . In the modern era, before the birth of cinema or television, "drama" within theatre was a type of play that was neither a comedy nor a tragedy . It is this narrower sense that the film and television industries, along with film studies , adopted. " Radio drama " has been used in both senses—originally transmitted in

7480-526: Is a final fight to the death; the idea of the protagonists facing death is a central expectation in a war drama film. In a war film even though the enemy may out-number, or out-power, the hero, we assume that the enemy can be defeated if only the hero can figure out how.   Examples include: Apocalypse Now (1979), Come and See (1985), Braveheart (1995), Life Is Beautiful (1997), Black Book (2006), The Hurt Locker (2008), 1944 (2015), Wildeye (2015), and 1917 (2019). Films in

7650-434: Is an emergency or routine operation. Such regulatory bodies, as the ones promoting national and global safety standards, ensure that evidence-based approaches reinforce adherence to their occupational health being safeguarded. Throughout the evolution of pre-hospitalization care, there has been an ongoing association with military conflict. One of the first indications of a formal process for managing injured people dates from

7820-421: Is an extra risk for CVDs because of the heaviness of emergency response operations. There is a need to emphasize cancer risk and the importance of constant exploration and individualized prevention patterns. Besides, there is the cumulative effect of fatigue, violence, and trauma on the health of paramedics. As a result, there is a need for systematic monitoring and preventive measures in health among paramedics. It

7990-479: Is an official distinction between paramedics and emergency medical technicians (or emergency care assistants ), in which paramedics have additional educational requirements and scope of practice. The paramedic role is closely related to other healthcare positions, especially the emergency medical technician , with paramedics often being at a higher grade with more responsibility and autonomy following substantially greater education and training. The primary role of

8160-428: Is based on Allison Young , a resistance fighter and John's friend in the future, who was killed by Cameron prior to re-programming. Besides Cromartie, the Connors are also pursued by FBI Special Agent James Ellison , who initially believes Sarah is an insane criminal (based on the events of Terminator 2 ). Sarah is romantically involved with a paramedic named Charley Dixon , but ends her relationship with him to go on

8330-620: Is common for Paramedics to continue to progress through "top up" courses, for instance, to work towards a Bachelors of Science degree. This has led to Paramedics holding a wide range of qualifications, with some qualifications (such as master's degrees in Advanced or Paramedic Practice) being a pre-requisite for paramedic prescribing. Paramedics work in various settings including NHS and Independent Ambulance Providers, Air Ambulances, Emergency Departments and other alternative settings. Some paramedics have gone on to become Paramedic Practitioners ,

8500-417: Is created by Andy Goode, a former assistant to Dyson. Derek kills Andy, but someone else has already taken the computer. Despite losing sight of the Turk, the Connors continue their efforts to prevent the rise of Skynet. A dying resistance fighter arrives from the future and provides the Connors a list of people relevant to their mission, many of them requiring protection from Terminators. Sarah later learns of

8670-991: Is critical. Including, the immediate disposal of sharps in puncture-resistant containers and wearing appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) and strict adherence to post-exposure protocols, enhances safety. Additionally, staying updated with vaccinations , including those for flu , COVID-19 , Hepatitis B . Furthermore, adhering to infection control practices, such as hand hygiene , environmental cleaning, and specialized control programs, are vital for preventing infections like MRSA , TB , and COVID-19 . Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) usage in implementation and vaccination compliance are effective transmission reduction measures for infectious diseases among paramedics. Exposures to blood pathogens and body fluids through incidents, for example, needlestick injuries which jeopardizes paramedics at risk of infectious diseases such as Hepatitis B , and Hepatitis C , and HIV affecting around 6,000 EMS workers. This realization strengthens

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8840-420: Is intertwined with the nature of the paramedics' work. Exposure to traumatic events such as accidents, medical emergencies , and violence are some of the factors undermining the psychological health of paramedics. Mental health issues, including depression , anxiety , and substance abuse , are some of the mental health issues paramedics are likely to get exposed to due to their nature of work as compared to

9010-729: Is necessary to study long-term health risks for paramedics and apply a prophylactic approach to maintaining the health state of healthcare professionals. The regulatory guidelines are fundamental in eliminating occupational risk in paramedicine ; authoritative bodies like the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and the World Health Organization (WHO) provide specific guidelines. For example, in United States, physical , chemical , and biological hazards are managed by operating under

9180-480: Is no direct equivalent to a paramedic. Ambulance staff have either the more advanced qualifications of a physician or less advanced training in first aid . In other versions of the Franco-German model, such as Germany, paramedics do exist. Their role is very similar to the role of paramedics in the Anglo-American model with an advanced scope of autonomy and practice, and the added element of emergency physician backup, either virtually ( Tele-Notarzt ) or on scene with

9350-683: Is required to be a certified Emergency Medical Technician prior to starting paramedic training. Entry requirements vary, but many paramedic programs also have prerequisites such as one year required work experience as an emergency medical technician , or anatomy and physiology courses from an accredited college or university. Paramedics in some states must attend up to 50+ hours of ongoing education, plus maintain Pediatric Advanced Life Support and Advanced Cardiac Life Support. National Registry requires 70 + hours to maintain its certification or one may re-certify through completing

9520-421: Is someone out there for everyone"); the story typically revolves around characters falling into (and out of, and back into) love. Annie Hall (1977), The Notebook (2004), Carol (2015), Her (2013) , and La La Land (2016) are examples of romance dramas. The science fiction drama film is often the story of a protagonist (and their allies) facing something "unknown" that has the potential to change

9690-575: Is used to show John's transformation in the series. Although themes were also written for other characters such as Derek Reese, James Ellison and the "evil terminator[s]", no themes were written for Cameron during the first season because McCreary felt that "her character was defined by her relationship with John, Sarah and the others around her" so Sarah's or John's theme was used in most of her scenes. The series mainly features McCreary's original score. Songs and instrumental music from other sources are used sparingly. " The Man Comes Around " by Johnny Cash

9860-422: Is usually qualified with additional terms that specify its particular super-genre, macro-genre, or micro-genre, such as soap opera , police crime drama , political drama , legal drama , historical drama , domestic drama , teen drama , and comedy-drama (dramedy). These terms tend to indicate a particular setting or subject matter, or they combine a drama's otherwise serious tone with elements that encourage

10030-787: The Crusades , with the Knights Hospitaller of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem filling a similar function; this organisation continued, and evolved into what is now known throughout the Commonwealth of Nations as the St. John Ambulance and as the Order of Malta Ambulance Corps in the Republic of Ireland and various countries. While civilian communities had organized ways to deal with prehospitalisation care and transportation of

10200-609: The Harborview Medical Center under the medical direction of Leonard Cobb, MD. The Marietta (GA) initial paramedic project was instituted in the Fall of 1970 in conjunction with Kennestone Hospital and Metro Ambulance Service, Inc. under the medical direction of Luther Fortson, MD. The Los Angeles County and City established paramedic programs following the passage of The Wedsworth-Townsend Act in 1970. Other cities and states passed their own paramedic bills, leading to

10370-549: The Health and Care Professions Council (HCPC) in order to call themselves a paramedic. In the United States, a similar system is operated by the National Registry of Emergency Medical Technicians (NREMT) , although this is only accepted by forty of the fifty states. As paramedicine has evolved, a great deal of both the curriculum and skill set has existed in a state of flux. Requirements often originated and evolved at

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10540-467: The Imperial Legions of Rome , where aging Centurions , no longer able to fight, were given the task of organizing the removal of the wounded from the battlefield and providing some form of care. Such individuals, although not physicians , were probably among the world's earliest surgeons by default, being required to suture wounds and complete amputations . A similar situation existed in

10710-623: The PARAMEDICS International magazine. Ron Stewart , the show's medical director , was instrumental in organizing emergency health services in southern California earlier in his career during the 1970s, in the paramedic program in Pittsburgh, and had a substantial role in the founding of the paramedic programs in Toronto and Nova Scotia , Canada. Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, the paramedic field continued to evolve, with

10880-524: The Terminator films, Friedman commented that the show would contain fewer action sequences due to the smaller budget of television in contrast to feature films. He also felt that frequent chases, as depicted in the films, would become repetitive in a television adaptation. The series was initially titled The Sarah Connor Chronicles . "Terminator" would later be added to the title to capitalize on its name recognition among general viewers. There had been debate, during pre-production, about whether to include it in

11050-453: The allied health professional team including Doctors, Nurses, physician Associates, Physiotherapists, Associate Physicians, Health Care Assistant and Clinical Pharmacists. Paramedic Practitioners also undertake examinations modelled upon the MRCGP (a combination of applied knowledge exams, clinical skills and work place based assessment) in order to use the title "specialist". There are also now

11220-525: The military . The majority of paramedics are employed by the emergency medical service for their area, although this employer could itself be working under a number of models, including a specific autonomous public ambulance service, a fire department, a hospital based service, or a private company working under contract. In Washington , firefighters have been offered free paramedic training. There are also many paramedics who volunteer for backcountry or wilderness rescue teams, and small town rescue squads. In

11390-450: The samples and created his own custom library of metallic drums. For every episode thereafter, live metal percussion elements were recorded on top of the electronics. While Fiedel's scores were performed using synthesizers, McCreary chose to use an ensemble of electric string instruments instead. A musical theme was created for each of the principal characters. The theme for Sarah Connor is the most frequently used theme in addition to being

11560-763: The western super-genre often take place in the American Southwest or Mexico, with a large number of scenes occurring outdoors so we can soak in scenic landscapes. Visceral expectations for the audience include fistfights, gunplay, and chase scenes. There is also the expectation of spectacular panoramic images of the countryside including sunsets, wide open landscapes, and endless deserts and sky.   Examples of western dramas include: True Grit (1969) and its 2010 remake , Mad Max (1979), Unforgiven (1992), No Country for Old Men (2007), Django Unchained (2012), Hell or High Water (2016), and Logan (2017). Some film categories that use

11730-431: The "mom demo". Fox originally planned for more outdoor marketing in other cities but the marketing budget was reduced because of the 2007–08 Writers Guild of America strike . A promotional partnership with automobile manufacturer Dodge began in the show's second season and featured placement of Dodge products in several episodes, Dodge's exclusive sponsorship of the extended, 52-minute episode "Goodbye to All That," and

11900-493: The Apes (1968), A Clockwork Orange (1971), Blade Runner (1982) and its sequel Blade Runner 2049 (2017), Children of Men (2006), Interstellar (2014), and Arrival (2016). In the sports super-genre, characters will be playing sports. Thematically, the story is often one of "Our Team" versus "Their Team"; their team will always try to win, and our team will show the world that they deserve recognition or redemption;

12070-507: The Machines . The show would be created in association with Warner Bros. Television , while the Fox Broadcasting Company committed to the pilot episode . Josh Friedman was set to write the pilot and to serve as an executive producer for the series, marking his television debut. Other executive producers included C2 founders Andy Vajna and Mario Kassar , and C2's vice president of development James Middleton. Unlike

12240-515: The T-888. Lima said about the name: "I was looking at it evolutionary wise that it started out as a T-800 and then in T3 there was a T-850. It's not a TX or a T-1000; it's still a T-800 model so it made sense to give it a tag that made sense in the 800 series. But it also sounds like a hot rod and there is something cool about the triple eights." Lima had about four months to design the new Terminator before

12410-660: The United States' first EKG telemetry transmission to a hospital and then in 1968, a functional paramedic program in conjunction with the City of Miami Fire Department. In 1969, the City of Columbus Fire Department joined with the Ohio State University Medical Center to develop the "HEARTMOBILE" paramedic program under the medical direction of James Warren, MD and Richard Lewis, MD. In 1969, the Haywood County (NC) Volunteer Rescue Squad developed

12580-595: The advertising campaign, which began two weeks later. The final phase of the campaign commenced in November 2007 with more broadcast information being added to the advertisements. In addition to on-air teasers, Fox heavily promoted the show during the World Series by broadcasting a 45-second preview on October 27, 2007. Other forms of advertisements used included: mobile tours on "Terminator" buses sponsored by Verizon Wireless ; an interactive cell phone game based on

12750-421: The athletic woman established by Hamilton, who transformed her body into that of a muscled warrior for Terminator 2: Judgment Day . The controversy was covered by multiple news outlets. Thomas Dekker , a fan of the Terminator films, was cast as John Connor a month after Headey secured the role of Sarah. Dekker was hesitant about the idea of a Terminator television series, but accepted the role after reading

12920-407: The audience jump through a series of mental "hoops"; it is not uncommon for the crime drama to use verbal gymnastics to keep the audience and the protagonist on their toes.   Examples of crime dramas include: The Godfather (1972), Chinatown (1974), Goodfellas (1990), The Usual Suspects (1995), The Big Short (2015), and Udta Punjab (2016). According to Eric R. Williams ,

13090-615: The authority of the National Health Service and there is now a significant standardization of training and skills. The UK model has three levels of ambulance staff. In increasing order of clinical skill these are: emergency care assistants , emergency medical technicians , and paramedics. Today, university qualifications are expected for paramedics, with the current entry level being a Bachelor of Science degree in Pre-Hospital Care or Paramedic Science. As

13260-458: The back and neck, and injuries are most prevalent while responding to 911 calls, which include patient care and transport. These injuries are prevalent but not impossible to overcome; they require preventive measures to minimize the chance of them happening. Safe lifting techniques and patient-handling equipment are major factors in reducing paramedics’ physical injury risk. Workers with less than 10 years’ experience are most at risk, pointing to

13430-568: The band Garbage , joined the second season as the T-1001 known as Catherine Weaver . The role marked Manson's acting debut. She was friends with Friedman's wife, and he had been interested in casting Manson. A Terminator fan, she agreed to audition without hesitation. She initially knew little about the character, as the writers themselves had yet to determine her full storyline. Manson gradually learned more about Weaver and her intentions as filming progressed, and would later be surprised by how big of

13600-469: The battlefield during the war the concept spread rapidly to civilian systems. In terms of advanced skills, once again the military led the way. During World War II and the Korean War battlefield medics administered painkilling narcotics by injection in emergency situations, and pharmacists' mates on warships were permitted to do even more without the guidance of a physician. The Korean War also marked

13770-404: The battlefield to their own communities, and commenced the creation of volunteer life-saving squads and ambulance corps. These early developments in formalized ambulance services were decided at local levels, and this led to services being provided by diverse operators such as the local hospital, police, fire brigade, or even funeral directors who often possessed the only local transport allowing

13940-425: The bottom of a swimming pool.' And everyone laughed at me. Not in a 'you're an idiot' way, but as if I was joking." He was inspired by the series Rescue Me , saying "whenever they show a fire, that fire has a point of view. It has its own story – whether it's a character story or a filmmaking story or a piece of music." For weeks, Dillahunt had been excited to film the massacre, until learning how it would be shot: "I

14110-475: The character I try to put everything behind me and say, 'OK, I'm the one who doesn't know anything, but don't seem totally stupid. You're just the guy who hasn't caught up yet.'" He likened the role to that of Tommy Lee Jones ' character in the 1993 film The Fugitive . Garret Dillahunt re-watched the first two Terminator films to prepare for his role as Cromartie . He enjoyed playing the character, more so than he expected: "I thought it would be very finite,

14280-452: The character and she felt that she did not have "that Terminator look". On playing Cameron, Glau said she was "intimidated" by the role because it was a challenge for her to balance the human and robot characteristics. Glau's involvement in the series was initially kept concealed from the public, until Headey announced who she would be playing in March 2007. Friedman had hoped to keep her role as

14450-533: The characters' inner life and psychological problems. Examples: Requiem for a Dream (2000), Oldboy (2003), Babel (2006), Whiplash (2014), and Anomalisa (2015) Satire can involve humor, but the result is typically sharp social commentary that is anything but funny. Satire often uses irony or exaggeration to expose faults in society or individuals that influence social ideology.  Examples: Thank You for Smoking (2005) and Idiocracy (2006). Straight drama applies to those that do not attempt

14620-437: The community along with affordability. There were also large differences between localities in the amount and type of training required, and how it would be provided. This ranged from in-service training in local systems, through community colleges, and up to university level education. This emphasis on increasing qualifications has followed the progression of other health professions such as nursing , which also progressed from on

14790-418: The compartment, creating a health hazard for paramedics when transporting sick patients capable of airborne transmission. Unidirectional airflow design can better protect workers. To further safeguard paramedics, incorporating evidence-based strategies for managing chemical exposures and environmental risks is crucial. Agencies such as OSHA , WHO and NIOSH offer comprehensive guidelines that highlight

14960-473: The course of the film. Thematically, horror films often serve as morality tales, with the killer serving up violent penance for the victims' past sins.  Metaphorically, these become battles of Good vs. Evil or Purity vs. Sin.  Psycho (1960), Halloween (1978), The Shining (1980), The Conjuring (2013), It (2017), mother! (2017), and Hereditary (2018) are examples of horror drama films. Day-in-the-life films takes small events in

15130-430: The early days medical control and oversight was direct and immediate, with paramedics calling into a local hospital and receiving orders for every individual procedure or drug. While this still occurs in some jurisdictions, it has become increasingly rare. Day-to-day operations largely moved from direct and immediate medical control to pre-written protocols or standing orders, with the paramedic typically seeking advice after

15300-640: The environment in which they will work. Some early examples of this involved aviation medicine and the use of helicopters , and the transfer of critical care patients between facilities. While some jurisdictions still use physicians, nurses, and technicians for transporting patients, increasingly this role falls to specialized senior and experienced paramedics. Other areas of specialization include such roles as tactical paramedics working in police units, marine paramedics, hazardous materials ( Hazmat ) teams, Heavy Urban Search and Rescue , and paramedics on offshore oil platforms , oil and mineral exploration teams, and in

15470-481: The family as a whole reacts to a central challenge. There are four micro-genres for the family drama: Family Bond , Family Feud , Family Loss , and Family Rift . A sub-type of drama films that uses plots that appeal to the heightened emotions of the audience. Melodramatic plots often deal with "crises of human emotion, failed romance or friendship, strained familial situations, tragedy, illness, neuroses, or emotional and physical hardship". Film critics sometimes use

15640-438: The first season with the performance I did." Summer Glau had not seen the Terminator films prior to being cast as Cameron , a new character to the franchise whose name is an homage to James Cameron. Friedman had previously wanted to cast Glau in a pilot he wrote several years prior, but she was already committed to the 2005 film Serenity . Glau almost did not audition for the role of Cameron because of her preconceptions of

15810-428: The first season, episodes had a small budget of $ 2.6 million each. Friedman said producing the series on such a budget was difficult, but that it also occasionally worked in the show's favor as it "left us doing things that were more dramatic and emotional and conceptual, sometimes". Some episodes were aired out of production order so the season could end on a cliffhanger . The season finale, " What He Beheld ", includes

15980-399: The first two Terminator films and since the television series is a direct sequel to Terminator 2: Judgment Day , he felt that the tone of the music should be consistent with that of the film as much as possible. He began working on the score by recording metallic sounds, using "oil cans, whale drums, chains, anvils, brake drums, garbage cans, thundersheets ... [etc.]", after which he edited

16150-534: The first widespread use of helicopters to evacuate the wounded from forward positions to medical units, leading to the rise of the term " medevac ". These innovations would not find their way into the civilian sphere for nearly twenty more years. By the early 1960s experiments in improving medical care had begun in some civilian centres. One early experiment involved the provision of pre-hospital cardiac care by physicians in Belfast , Northern Ireland, in 1966. This

16320-677: The following ways: a three-year degree in Emergency Medicine (B.EMS), a year and three months IDF training, or MADA training. Paramedics manage and provide medical guidelines in mass casualty incidents . They operate in MED evac and ambulances. They are legalized under the 1976 Doctors Ordinance (Decree). In a 2016 study at the Ben Gurion University of the Negev it was found that 73% of trained paramedics stop working within

16490-514: The form of environmental and operational risks , primarily during transportation. These transportation-related hazards should be considered and addressed in prehospital care . Slips, trips, and falls; motor vehicle incidents ; and violence or assaults have huge impact on paramedics' occupational hazards , resulting to thousands of paramedics impacted annually. Vehicle safety features need to be known by paramedics, and so must undergo exhaustive emergency driving training, which looks into curbing

16660-472: The formation of services across the US. Many other countries also followed suit, and paramedic units formed around the world. In the military, however, the required telemetry and miniaturization technologies were more advanced, particularly due to initiatives such as the space program . It would take several more years before these technologies drifted through to civilian applications. In North America, physicians were judged to be too expensive to be used in

16830-409: The future is altered and Judgment Day is seemingly averted. Despite the Connors' earlier effort, they merely delayed Skynet's creation. In 1999, two years after the events of Terminator 2 , a T-888 known as " Cromartie " is sent from the future to kill John. Another Terminator, " Cameron ", was re-programmed by the future John and sent back from 2027 to protect his younger self. Her exterior appearance

17000-416: The future of humanity; this unknown may be represented by a villain with incomprehensible powers, a creature we do not understand, or a scientific scenario that threatens to change the world; the science fiction story forces the audience to consider the nature of human beings, the confines of time or space or the concepts of human existence in general. Examples include: Metropolis (1927), Planet of

17170-411: The future, John meets alternate versions of Derek, Kyle, and Allison who do not know him. He realizes the future has been altered by his absence in the past, learning he has not led the resistance in this new timeline. On November 9, 2005, it was reported that a television series based on the Terminator franchise was being produced by C2 Pictures , which produced the 2003 film Terminator 3: Rise of

17340-717: The general facts are more-or-less true. The difference between a docudrama and a documentary is that in a documentary it uses real people to describe history or current events; in a docudrama it uses professionally trained actors to play the roles in the current event, that is "dramatized" a bit. Examples: Black Mass (2015) and Zodiac (2007). Unlike docudramas, docu-fictional films combine documentary and fiction, where actual footage or real events are intermingled with recreated scenes. Examples: Interior. Leather Bar (2013) and Your Name Here (2015). Many otherwise serious productions have humorous scenes and characters intended to provide comic relief . A comedy drama has humor as

17510-407: The general population. Stable support systems that may include peer counselling and the availability of mental health resources become essential in building the resilience of paramedic professionals. Peer counselling programs appear to be an effective stress management strategy for paramedics. Taking part in open discussions with other peers who understand what the employee is going through determines

17680-452: The guidelines and recommendations offered by NIOSH and OSHA , targeting the healthcare industry especially. These include properly using PPE , handling hazardous substances, and adequately managing workplace violence . Moreover, the WHO provides global views by laying international standards to protect the well-being of the staff involved in the healthcare provided, irrespective of whether it

17850-416: The hallmark of fantasy drama films is "a sense of wonderment, typically played out in a visually intense world inhabited by mythic creatures, magic or superhuman characters. Props and costumes within these films often belie a sense of mythology and folklore – whether ancient, futuristic, or other-worldly. The costumes, as well as the exotic world, reflect the personal, inner struggles that the hero faces in

18020-505: The headquarters of Cyberdyne Systems to prevent the creation of Skynet , an artificially intelligent computer system. In the future, Skynet will launch a nuclear war on humans in an event known as Judgment Day , and John will later lead a human resistance against Skynet and its arsenal of Terminator machines. In the present, young John is pursued by the T-1000 , a shapeshifting Terminator sent by Skynet to kill him. The future John sent back

18190-426: The hell out of" her, Headey was aware of the iconic status of the character and in regards to Linda Hamilton 's portrayal of the role in the film series, she remarked, "Linda Hamilton will always be the original Sarah Connor and it's a very strong print that she's left, but hopefully people will embrace what I bring to Sarah and see it with fresh eyes". When asked about her approach to the role, Headey said I'm playing

18360-407: The help of John Henry. Meanwhile, Cameron has already been sent by the Connors to kill John Henry. Instead, however, she allows him to take her CPU , giving him mobility. He then travels to the post-Judgment Day future, using one of Weaver's time machines. John – wishing to retrieve Cameron's CPU and reactivate her – time travels with Weaver to locate John Henry, while Sarah and Ellison stay behind. In

18530-532: The integration of safety protocols, technological advancements, and procedural innovations to enhance paramedic safety and well-being. Paramedics are widely recognized to face high risks of physical injuries in their line of work. More than 22,000 EMS providers visit the emergency room each year for work-related injuries. Some physical injuries encountered when providing healthcare services include lifting injuries, back strains , and needlestick incidences. Injuries such as sprains and strains mostly occur in

18700-459: The job training to university level qualifications. The variations in educational approaches and standards required for paramedics has led to large differences in the required qualifications between locations—both within individual countries and from country to country. Within the UK training is a three-year course equivalent to a bachelor's degree . Comparisons have been made between Paramedics and nurses; with nurses now requiring degree entry (BSc)

18870-412: The knowledge deficit is large between the two fields. This has led to many countries passing laws to protect the title of "paramedic" (or its local equivalent) from use by anyone except those qualified and experienced to a defined standard. This usually means that paramedics must be registered with the appropriate body in their country; for example all paramedics in the United Kingdom must by registered with

19040-408: The latter replaced by The Halcyon Company in season two. The series was produced by C2 founders Mario Kassar and Andrew G. Vajna , who also produced Terminator 3 . Other producers included C2 executive James Middleton and television director David Nutter , who helmed the pilot episode. The show's soundtrack was composed by Bear McCreary . The Sarah Connor Chronicles was greenlit in 2007 for

19210-459: The latter show's new season was delayed because of the strike, resulting in the changes. Following the Sunday premiere, subsequent episodes of The Sarah Connor Chronicles aired on Monday at 9:00 p.m. ET timeslot with Prison Break as its lead-in program. The second season premiered on September 8, 2008, in the Monday 8:00 p.m. ET timeslot. Due to schedule changes from Fox, the show had

19380-471: The legal system. Films that focus on dramatic events in history. Focuses on doctors, nurses, hospital staff, and ambulance saving victims and the interactions of their daily lives. Focuses on teenage characters, especially where a secondary school setting plays a role. Paramedic Not all ambulance personnel are paramedics, although the term is sometimes used informally to refer to any ambulance personnel. In some English-speaking countries, there

19550-625: The less controlled pre-hospital environment. Physicians began to take more interest in paramedics from a research perspective as well. By about 1990, the fluctuating trends began to diminish, being replaced by outcomes-based research. This research then drove further evolution of the practice of both paramedics and the emergency physicians who oversaw their work, with changes to procedures and protocols occurring only after significant research demonstrated their need and effectiveness (an example being ALS ). Such changes affected everything from simple procedures such as CPR , to changes in drug protocols. As

19720-436: The lives of Sarah Connor (portrayed by Lena Headey ) and her son John ( Thomas Dekker ), who work to prevent the creation of Skynet , an artificially intelligent computer system that will eventually launch a nuclear war on humans. The Sarah Connor Chronicles was created by writer and executive producer Josh Friedman , marking his television debut. Production companies included Warner Bros. Television and C2 Pictures ,

19890-401: The local level, and were based upon the preferences of physician advisers and medical directors. Recommended treatments would change regularly, often changing more like a fashion than a scientific discipline. Associated technologies also rapidly evolved and changed, with medical equipment manufacturers having to adapt equipment that worked inadequately outside of hospitals, to be able to cope with

20060-407: The longest and the most developed theme in the series. There are two main sections to Sarah's theme with one presenting her "bad-ass, stoic warrior" side and the other as "a loving mother". John's theme was originally composed for a specific scene in the pilot episode and performed with a solo clarinet to convey his loneliness and awkwardness. McCreary stated that the "musical ambiguity in the melody"

20230-476: The necessary supportive grounds that facilitate managing and processing feelings related to this work. The long-term health risks that need to be observed by the paramedics are Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) , cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) , and cancer risk. There are a variety of challenges paramedics encounter, including PTSD , which should provide a compelling reason to implement preventive mental health measures within this profession. Moreover, there

20400-428: The need for science-based methods in preventing the occupational risks posed by infectious diseases with a foregrounding of the role of preventative measures geared towards protecting the health of paramedic professionals and, at the same time, the community. Paramedics encounter daily risks associated with handling hazardous chemicals . As a result, they must understand how to deliver care safely to remain protected in

20570-529: The need for targeted prevention strategies for newer employees. By employing the proposed measures to reduce physical injuries, it will be possible to mitigate the hazards faced by paramedics, to help paramedics stay safe while rendering the most needed services. The risk of contracting infectious diseases is common in the paramedic profession. The COVID-19 pandemic strengthens the necessity of following safety protocols. Preventive measures for healthcare workers from needlestick injuries and infectious disease

20740-458: The options in the standing orders had been exhausted. While the evolution of paramedicine described above is focused largely on the US, many other countries followed a similar pattern, although often with significant variations. Canada, for example, attempted a pilot paramedic training program at Queen's University , Kingston, Ontario , in 1972. The program, which intended to upgrade the then mandatory 160 hours of training for ambulance attendants,

20910-409: The original Terminator character in the first three films, before becoming governor of California in 2003. Asked about Schwarzenegger making an appearance on the show, Middleton said in 2007, "We've talked a lot about it. But the reality is that as governor, he's incredibly busy. As a star, he's incredibly expensive. We don't know." He ultimately did not appear on the show. Friedman said in 2008 that he

21080-415: The paramedic directly refers a patient to specialist services without taking them to hospital. Paramedics are exposed to a variety of hazards such as lifting patients and equipment, treating those with infectious disease, handling hazardous substances, and transportation via ground or air vehicles. Employers can prevent occupational illness or injury by providing safe patient handling equipment, implementing

21250-475: The people that don't watch it every week, there's no possible way they could follow it. Josh doesn't want to dumb the show down for the people that don't follow it, just so they can tune in whenever they want and sort of pick up wherever we are in the story." Science fiction drama In film and television , drama is a category or genre of narrative fiction (or semi-fiction ) intended to be more serious than humorous in tone. The drama of this kind

21420-458: The pilot episode. He had previously directed the pilot for Cameron's Dark Angel in 2000. Nutter described The Sarah Connor Chronicles as "a huge project that's going to take an extensive amount of preparation and pre-production." Accordingly, he chose not to direct any other pilots for the rest of the television season, focusing solely on the Terminator project in order to protect "the integrity of what Cameron created." Early on, Friedman had

21590-495: The pilot started filming. Hall built the practical endoskeleton over the course of three weeks. Entity FX replaced Zoic for season two, while Lima remained with the series. Entity's visual effects work included post-apocalyptic scenes and further CGI of the Terminators. For the T-1001's shapeshifting abilities, the Entity team referred to the T-1000 in Terminator 2 . The effects for the T-1001 were created through CGI, combined with

21760-545: The pre-hospital setting, although such initiatives were implemented, and sometimes still operate, in European countries and Latin America . While doing background research at Los Angeles' UCLA Harbor Medical Center for a proposed new show about doctors, television producer Robert A. Cinader , working for Jack Webb , happened to encounter "firemen who spoke like doctors and worked with them". This concept developed into

21930-461: The present and requesting that he find one so they can study it. Cromartie is later deactivated by the Connors, but unknown to them, his body is taken by Ellison and brought to Weaver. She has it connected to her AI project, known as John Henry , giving him a physical but stationary presence at ZeiraCorp. His knowledge grows rapidly after Weaver connects him to the Internet, but he is later hacked by

22100-487: The profession grew, some paramedics went on to become not just research participants, but researchers in their own right, with their own projects and journal publications. In 2010, the American Board of Emergency Medicine created a medical subspecialty for physicians who work in emergency medical services. Changes in procedures also included the manner in which the work of paramedics was overseen and managed. In

22270-622: The provisions that are the peril of transportation. Paramedics are frequently assaulted by patients or bystanders affecting around 2,000 EMS workers annually, which further hammers the need for training on de-escalation. NIOSH and the Department of Homeland Security have conducted ambulance crash testing, resulting in the development of 10 test methods published by the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) to reduce and eliminate crash-related injuries to EMS workers. Through effective training,

22440-449: The release of the third film: "After T3 came out, I started to miss Sarah. I kept thinking, How could we bring her back?" Friedman developed The Sarah Connor Chronicles as an alternate sequel to Terminator 2 , ignoring the events of the third film. Discussing the show, he said, "I almost think of this as T3 . To me it takes the place of T3 . But also I think that sort of in the spirit of Terminator , it's an alternate timeline . I know

22610-399: The resistance has sent back fighters to interfere. Sarah also deals with the fear of pending cancer. The Connors and Cameron seek out an intuitive chess computer called "the Turk" (named after the 18th-century hoax ), a suspected precursor to Skynet. They also forge an alliance with John's uncle Derek Reese , a resistance fighter. Derek is the brother of John's father, Kyle Reese . The Turk

22780-636: The run again. She and John relocate from Nebraska to New Mexico, where Cameron finds them. John soon becomes frustrated with their life of running, so Sarah sets out to stop Skynet again and prevent Judgment Day, now expected to occur in 2011. During the pilot episode, Cameron and the Connors make a temporal leap to Los Angeles 2007, as Skynet begins taking shape. Cromartie suffers extensive damage while trying to kill them, but begins repairing his endoskeleton and artificial flesh, and continues his search for John in 2007. The Connors find Skynet has also sent other Terminators back in time to support its own creation, and

22950-549: The same country or state. For instance, in Canada, the province of British Columbia operates a province-wide service (the British Columbia Ambulance Service ) whereas in Ontario , the service is provided by each municipality, either as a distinct service, linked to the fire service , or contracted out to a third party. While there are varying degrees of training and expectations around the world,

23120-529: The same time in Alberta and British Columbia , with other Canadian provinces gradually following, but with their own education and certification requirements. Advanced Care Paramedics were not introduced until 1984, when Toronto trained its first group internally, before the process spread across the country. By 2010 the Ontario system involved a two-year community college based program, including both hospital and field clinical components, prior to designation as

23290-553: The script and discussing the series with Friedman. John was portrayed by Edward Furlong in Terminator 2 , and Dekker described his own portrayal as a continuation of Furlong's, while adding that the character is "in a darker, more mature place now". Dekker chose to initially portray John as weak and then gradually build him up into a stronger character, progressively transforming him into a believable future savior of humanity. He acknowledged criticism among some fans who took issue with his approach: "I knew it would frustrate some people in

23460-507: The series offered by Verizon's V CAST , which rewarded the players with ring tones, wallpapers and behind-the-scenes footage; cable tie-ins; online outreach via the official website and wiki ; online sneak peeks; and a poster design contest run by Fox. Advance screenings of the pilot episode were also held at the 2007 Comic-Con International convention and at Golden Apple Comics in Los Angeles on January 4, 2008. In Super Bowl XLII ,

23630-602: The service provision. They need to remain cautious for them to stay safe in the process of providing care. There are numerous associated risks from chemical exposures in prehospital settings. The use of PPE and standard precautions are necessary to prevent harmful exposures for paramedics. Desirable implementation of the ordered processing of hazardous material and the proper decontamination process are effective strategies in combating hazard risk. Such steps are necessary to ensure fewer cases of health hazards to paramedics. Paramedics are confronted with many challenges exhibited in

23800-417: The show that would otherwise have gone to 24 . Fox began their advertising campaign for Terminator: The Sarah Connor Chronicles on September 27, 2007, with a brief teaser which ran during primetime programs, consisting of an image of two red dots that lasted for a few seconds on screen before disappearing. The two red dots were revealed to be the eyes of the Terminators from the show in the second phase of

23970-477: The show's quick production schedule and limited budget, the effects crew looked to the first Terminator film as a model; it was produced on a low budget of $ 6 million. For legal reasons involving franchise rights, the show could not re-use the T-800 endoskeleton featured in the films. Instead, the show's creators and its visual effects supervisor, Jim Lima, worked to design a new endoskeleton model that would become

24140-469: The show, which was described by Joe Earley, Fox Executive Vice President of Marketing and Communications, as the "biggest campaign for a new mid-season show in years." The advertising campaign began months prior to the premiere to make sure that the show would attract existing and new Terminator fans. After 24 was postponed to the 2008-09 TV season, more time was devoted to the show by Fox's marketing team and more on-air promotional spots were available for

24310-587: The sick and dying as far back as the bubonic plague in London between 1598 and 1665, such arrangements were typically ad hoc and temporary. In time, however, these arrangements began to formalize and become permanent. During the American Civil War , Jonathan Letterman devised a system of mobile field hospitals employing the first uses of the principles of triage . After returning home, some veterans began to attempt to apply what had they had seen on

24480-477: The specific case of an ambulance service being maintained by a fire department, paramedics and EMTs may be required to maintain firefighting and rescue skills as well as medical skills, and vice versa. In some instances, such as Los Angeles County , a fire department may provide emergency medical services, but as a rapid response or rescue unit rather than a transport ambulance. The provision of municipal ambulance services and paramedics, can vary by area, even within

24650-446: The start of the strike, and two others were filmed during it. The four remaining episodes went un-filmed as they lacked finished scripts, a result of the strike. Although Friedman's contract allowed him to be present for production, he chose not to take advantage of this out of respect for unemployed writers. Instead, Middleton was left to oversee production during the strike, while staying in contact with Friedman. The series premiered as

24820-469: The states were advised to either adopt these standards into state laws or risk a reduction in Federal highway safety funding. The "White Paper" also prompted the inception of a number of emergency medical service (EMS) pilot units across the US including paramedic programs. The success of these units led to a rapid transition to make them fully operational. Founded in 1967, Freedom House Ambulance Service

24990-534: The story does not always have to involve a team. The story could also be about an individual athlete or the story could focus on an individual playing on a team. Examples of this genre/type include:  The Hustler (1961), Hoosiers (1986), Remember the Titans (2000), and Moneyball (2011). War films typically tells the story of a small group of isolated individuals who – one by one – get killed (literally or metaphorically) by an outside force until there

25160-525: The story." Examples of fantasy dramas include The Lord of the Rings (2001–2003), Pan's Labyrinth (2006), Where the Wild Things Are (2009), and Life of Pi (2012). Horror dramas often involve the central characters isolated from the rest of society. These characters are often teenagers or people in their early twenties (the genre's central audience) and are eventually killed off during

25330-419: The strike was still underway, and Friedman used his spare time to read online comments, gaining insight for future episodes. He felt that the first season was overly ambitious in trying to tell too many stories during each episode, with excess footage being removed as a result. Much of the cut material related to John and Cameron's time in high school, deemed unimportant compared with scenes involving Sarah. During

25500-421: The television series Emergency! , which ran from 1972 to 1977, portraying the exploits of this new profession called paramedics. The show gained popularity with emergency services personnel, the medical community, and the general public. When the show first aired in 1972, there were just six paramedic units operating in three pilot programs in the whole of the US, and the term paramedic was essentially unknown. By

25670-578: The term "pejoratively to connote an unrealistic, pathos-filled, camp tale of romance or domestic situations with stereotypical characters (often including a central female character) that would directly appeal to feminine audiences". Also called "women's movies", "weepies", tearjerkers, or "chick flicks". If they are targeted to a male audience, then they are called "guy cry" films. Often considered "soap-opera" drama. Focuses on religious characters, mystery play, beliefs, and respect. Character development based on themes involving criminals, law enforcement and

25840-489: The things I could do. But then you realize how – not that anyone loves him – but you love the machines [and] how you can't part with them. It's weird. [...] I am enjoying that part of finding the way he has no hesitation. He is socially unskilled; he says 'hello' a little too hard, smiles a little too big." Brian Austin Green auditioned as Derek Reese and quickly got the role, although fans were skeptical of his casting. Green

26010-706: The threat cases are more likely to be mitigated, and the paramedics will have a better chance to provide services as required. One way of ensuring paramedics work at optimal efficiency is to provide them with protective equipment and gear to mitigate the possible risks when executing their duties. PPE keeps paramedics’ occupational risks low. Examples of PPEs include gloves , masks , and gown or specific clothing; they protect workers from physical , biological , and chemical hazards . The different types of PPE include respiratory, eye, face, and hand protection. Under respiratory protection, paramedics can use N95 masks to filter airborne contaminants . Chemical splashes are also

26180-552: The time the program ended in 1977, there were paramedics operating in all fifty states. The show's technical advisor , James O. Page , was a pioneer of paramedicine and responsible for the UCLA paramedic program; he would go on to help establish paramedic programs throughout the US, and was the founding publisher of the Journal of Emergency Medical Services ( JEMS ). The JEMS magazine creation resulted from Page's previous purchase of

26350-440: The title "Paramedic" is legally protected, those utilising must be registered with the Health and Care Professions Council (HCPC), and in order to qualify for registration you must meet the standards for registration, which include having a degree obtained through an approved course. The change of entry requirements does not affect currently registered Paramedics, some of whom will still only have their entry qualification, but it

26520-399: The title, with Friedman in favor. Sarah Connor is a major character in the 1984 film The Terminator and its 1991 sequel Terminator 2: Judgment Day . An early version of Terminator 3 also would have featured her, but this did not come to fruition, with Sarah instead dying of leukemia prior to the film's events. Middleton devised the idea for a Terminator television series following

26690-542: The un-filmed storylines from season one. The series would not be renewed for a third season. The pilot episode was filmed primarily in Albuquerque, New Mexico . The principal photography started on January 24, 2007 and took approximately one month to complete. Subsequent episodes in the series were filmed in Los Angeles. A primary filming location was the backlot of Warner Brothers Studios in Burbank, California , on

26860-498: The word "comedy" or "drama" are not recognized by the Screenwriters Taxonomy as either a film genre or a film type. For instance, "Melodrama" and "Screwball Comedy" are considered Pathways,  while "romantic comedy" and "family drama" are macro-genres. A macro-genre in the Screenwriters Taxonomy. These films tell a story in which many of the central characters are related. The story revolves around how

27030-427: The written computer based adaptive testing again (between 90 and 120 questions) every two years. Paramedicine continues to grow and evolve into a formal profession in its own right, complete with its own standards and body of knowledge, and in many locations paramedics have formed their own professional bodies . The early technicians with limited training, performing a small and specific set of procedures, has become

27200-503: Was a little disappointed, but it turned out great, so I can't complain. But I was thinking, 'What? I don't mess up anybody!?'" A second season of 13 episodes was greenlit in April 2008, and was extended to a full order that October, making a total of 22 episodes for the season. It was written to be less serialized and ambitious than the first season, and includes fewer school scenes than before. The second season's early episodes incorporated

27370-469: Was found to be too costly and premature. The program was abandoned after two years, and it was more than a decade before the legislative authority for its graduates to practice was put into place. An alternative program which provided 1,400 hours of training at the community college level prior to commencing employment was then tried, and made mandatory in 1977, with formal certification examinations being introduced in 1978. Similar programs occurred at roughly

27540-491: Was important for the series to have a connection with Kyle, resulting in the creation of a brother character named Derek. Kyle himself would ultimately make appearances as well, though not as a time traveler. Terminator franchise creator James Cameron , director and writer of the first two films, was not involved with the television series. Fox greenlit production in August 2006, after Warner Bros. hired David Nutter to direct

27710-404: Was looking for as someone "who embodied that spirit and who was believable in that role and not just some glammed up, Hollywood, actressy thing". After a friend recommended English actress Lena Headey for the role, Friedman watched her audition tape, and thought she was "a tough, tough woman". Headey was cast in November 2006. Having seen The Terminator when she was a teenager, which "scared

27880-524: Was opposed to the film actors appearing in the series, wanting the latter to stand out on its own. He also wanted to avoid a mix of returning actors and recast characters. Terminator: The Sarah Connor Chronicles was among seven new shows picked up by Fox on May 13, 2007, for its 2007-08 television season. The series received an order for 13 episodes. However, production was affected by the Writers Guild of America strike , which lasted from November 2007 to February 2008. Seven episodes had been fully shot before

28050-650: Was powered by lead-acid car batteries , and weighed around 45 kilograms (99 lb). In 1966, a report called Accidental Death and Disability: The Neglected Disease of Modern Society —commonly known as The White Paper —was published in the United States. This paper presented data showing that soldiers who were seriously wounded on the battlefields during the Vietnam War had a better survival rate than people who were seriously injured in motor vehicle accidents on California 's freeways . Key factors contributing to victim survival in transport to definitive care such as

28220-626: Was primarily known for his role in Beverly Hills, 90210 , a 1990s teen drama series, prompting uncertainty about whether he was miscast in The Sarah Connor Chronicles . Friedman's fellow writers were also unsure about Green, until they saw his audition tape. Green himself was initially nervous about whether audiences would accept him in the role. He and Dillahunt would return for the second season, both promoted from guest stars to regulars. Shirley Manson , lead singer in

28390-476: Was repeated in Toronto , Canada in 1968 using a single ambulance called Cardiac One , which was staffed by a regular ambulance crew, along with a hospital intern to perform the advanced procedures. While both of these experiments had certain levels of success, the technology had not yet reached a sufficiently advanced level to be fully effective; for example, the Toronto portable defibrillator and heart monitor

28560-430: Was still being written. In the United States, the minimum standards for paramedic training is considered vocational , but many colleges offer paramedic associate degree or bachelor's degree options. Paramedic education programs typically follow the U.S. NHTSA EMS Curriculum, DOT or National Registry of EMTs. While many regionally accredited community colleges offer paramedic programs and two-year associate degrees,

28730-479: Was the first civilian emergency medical service in the United States to be staffed by paramedics , most of whom were Black. New York City's Saint Vincent's Hospital developed the United States' first Mobile Coronary Care Unit (MCCU) under the medical direction of William Grace, MD, and based on Frank Pantridge's MCCU project in Belfast, Northern Ireland. In 1967, Eugene Nagle, MD and Jim Hirschmann, MD helped pioneer

28900-490: Was used in the first-season finale, and a cover of " Samson and Delilah " by Shirley Manson was used in the second-season premiere. Both songs were background music for action sequences in their respective episodes. For the episode "Mr. Ferguson Is Ill Today", McCreary created a version of the song " La Llorona ". The episode "Today Is the Day, Part 2" features "New Messiah", a song by Dead Heart Bloom . Another episode, "Adam Raised

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