40-406: Tillyard may be Aelfrida Tillyard , author and religious figure Eustace Mandeville Wetenhall Tillyard , literary scholar Robert John Tillyard (1881–1937), entomologist Stella Tillyard , author See also [ edit ] Tillyard's skipper ( Anisynta tillyardi ), a butterfly species Tillard Tiltyard Topics referred to by
80-472: A biography of her aunt, Agnes Elizabeth Slack who campaigned for temperance. She documented her aunt's travels to speak about temperance in Ireland, Canada, America, Scandinavia and South Africa. Following Alfred and Catharine Tillyard's respective deaths in 1929 and 1932, she decided to absolve herself of responsibility for her home and daughters in order to pursue her private and personal 'mystic way'. She
120-572: A degree of rapprochement with her surviving daughter, and enjoyed a close relationship with her elder brother. In 1953 increasing bodily infirmity forced a move to St John's Home in Oxford where she died six acrimonious years later. She bequeathed her notebooks, published and unpublished works, and 75 volumes of diaries to Girton College, Cambridge , of which her daughters were alumnae. The diaries were sealed until 2005. Society for Psychical Research The Society for Psychical Research ( SPR )
160-479: A high level of credibility in the eyes of the rest of the scientific community. ... most articles usually begin with the assumption that psychic phenomena are demonstrated realities. Ivor Lloyd Tuckett an author of an early skeptical work on psychical research wrote that although the SPR have collected some valuable work, most of its active members have "no training in psychology fitting them for their task, and have been
200-710: A mass resignation of eighty-four members of the Society for Psychical Research, as they believed the Society was opposed to spiritualism. Science historian William Hodson Brock has noted that "By the 1900s most avowed spiritualists had left the SPR and gone back to the BNAS (the London Spiritualist Alliance since 1884), having become upset by the sceptical tone of most of the SPR's investigations." The Society has been criticized by both spiritualists and skeptics. Prominent spiritualists at first welcomed
240-712: A series of intense friendships with younger men begun during her marriage, most notably with Ernest Altounyan , Hubert Henderson, Thomas Henn, John Layard, Juan Mascaro and Giovanni Papini. She also conducted one such friendship with a younger woman and one with the older French author Albert Erlande . In 1917 Tillyard came out as a mystic. Having already begun to record her mystico-spiritual experiences and their psychophysical manifestations in detailed diaries intended for posthumous publication, she also began to transcribe them in more or less fictionalised form in novels, homiletic books and moralistic short stories written between 1917 and 1958, some published, some not. In 1926 she wrote
280-729: A small house attached to the Convent of St Thomas the Martyr but a serious physical and mental breakdown in 1936 forced her to move to the protective environment afforded by the Society of the Sacred Cross at Tymawr Convent near Monmouth . She remained there as resident tertiary until asked to leave in 1946. From 1946 to 1953 she lived a semi-reclusive and prayerful but troubled life in two clergy houses in Cambridgeshire, effected
320-646: A variety of beliefs with regard to the nature of the phenomena studied. The Society for Psychical Research (SPR) originated from a discussion between journalist Edmund Rogers and the physicist William F. Barrett in autumn 1881. This led to a conference on 5 and 6 January 1882 at the headquarters of the British National Association of Spiritualists , at which the foundation of the Society was proposed. The committee included Barrett, Rogers, Stainton Moses , Charles Massey , Edmund Gurney , Hensleigh Wedgwood and Frederic W. H. Myers . The SPR
360-477: Is Dr David Vernon. The Journal of the Society for Psychical Research has been published quarterly since 1884. It was introduced as a private, members-only periodical to supplement the Proceedings . It now focuses on current laboratory and field research, but also includes theoretical, methodological and historical papers on parapsychology. It also publishes book reviews and correspondence. The current editor
400-519: Is Dr David Vernon. The Magazine of the Society for Psychical Research , formerly known as the Psi Researcher and Paranormal Review , has been published since 1996. Previous editors have included Dr Nicola J. Holt. The current editor is Dr Leo Ruickbie . The Psi Encyclopedia is a collection of articles and case studies about psi research , involving the scientific investigation of psychic phenomena. A bequest of Nigel Buckmaster enabled
440-474: Is a nonprofit organisation in the United Kingdom. Its stated purpose is to understand events and abilities commonly described as psychic or paranormal . It describes itself as the "first society to conduct organised scholarly research into human experiences that challenge contemporary scientific models." It does not, however, since its inception in 1882, hold any corporate opinions: SPR members assert
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#1732790986337480-575: Is a list of presidents: The Society publishes Proceedings of the Society for Psychical Research , the Journal of the Society for Psychical Research , and the Paranormal Review , as well as the online Psi Encyclopedia . First published in 1882 as a public record of the activities of the SPR, the Proceedings are now reserved for longer pieces of work, such as Presidential Addresses, and are only occasionally published. The current editor
520-634: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Aelfrida Tillyard Aelfrida Catharine Wetenhall Tillyard (5 October 1883 – 12 December 1959) was a British author , medium , lecturer on Comparative Religion and associated religious topics, spiritual advisor and self-styled mystic. Tillyard was born in Cambridge as the second child and only daughter of local newspaper proprietor/editor Alfred Isaac Tillyard MA and his wife Catharine Sarah née Wetenhall, proponent of higher education for women. Her mother
560-412: Is set in an anti-religious dystopia controlled by the eugenics movement. The novel includes a character called "Big Brother" who leads a "Ministry of Reason" and there is also a propaganda department called the "Ministry of Aesthetics". The Approaching Storm (1932) is another dystopia set in a Britain ruled by a left-wing dictatorship . In 1934 she moved to Oxford to live an anchoritic life in
600-458: The Census of Hallucinations was published which sampled 17,000 people. Out of these, 1,684 persons reported having experienced a hallucination of an apparition. Such efforts were claimed to have undermined "the notion of dissociation and hallucinations as intrinsically pathological phenomena". The SPR investigated many spiritualist mediums such as Eva Carrière and Eusapia Palladino . During
640-743: The Grahams lived in Russia, the United States, Germany and France as Constantine's Consular Service career dictated. After 1910 Tillyard and the children remained in Cambridge. During the war and thereafter Tillyard claimed to experience unwanted and sometimes unwelcome visits from dead persons known to or hitherto unknown by her; these included members of her family, former members of the Society for Psychical Research , Rupert Brooke and Roger Casement . Already under strain because of Constantine's infidelities and Tillyard's moral and religious obsessions,
680-587: The Grahams' marriage broke down irretrievably following her brief but influential foray into esotericism under the guidance of occultist Aleister Crowley in 1913. Her compulsion to reveal marital discord and her own extramarital relationships in anthologies published in 1910, 1913 and 1916 also contributed to the failure of her marriage. The Grahams divorced in 1921. Constantine's consular career kept him abroad thereafter until his death in Berlin in 1934. Unlike her former husband, Tillyard never remarried but continued
720-416: The SPR and cooperated fully, but relations soured when spiritualists discovered that the SPR would not accept outside testimony as proof, and the society accused some prominent mediums of fraud. Spiritualist Arthur Conan Doyle resigned from the SPR in 1930, to protest what he regarded as the SPR's overly restrictive standards of proof. Psychic investigator and believer in spiritualism Nandor Fodor criticised
760-529: The SPR for its "strong bias" against physical manifestations of spiritualism. Skeptics have criticised members of the SPR for having motives liable to impair scientific objectivity. According to SPR critics John Grant and Eric Dingwall (a member of the SPR), early SPR members such as Henry Sidgwick , Frederic W. H. Myers , and William Barrett hoped to cling to something spiritual through psychical research. Myers stated that “[T]he Society for Psychical Research
800-461: The SPR journal exposed the slate writing tricks of the medium William Eglinton . Hodgson with his friend, S. J. Davey, had staged fake séances for educating the public (including SPR members). Davey gave sittings under an assumed name, duplicating the phenomena produced by Eglinton, and then proceeded to point out to the sitters the manner in which they had been deceived. Because of this, some spiritualist members such as Stainton Moses resigned from
840-460: The SPR. In 1891, Alfred Russel Wallace requested for the Society to properly investigate spirit photography . Eleanor Sidgwick responded with a critical paper in the SPR which cast doubt on the subject and discussed the fraudulent methods that spirit photographers such as Édouard Isidore Buguet , Frederic Hudson and William H. Mumler had utilised. Due to the exposure of William Hope and other fraudulent mediums, Arthur Conan Doyle led
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#1732790986337880-487: The SPR. Eric Dingwall resigned and wrote "After sixty years' experience and personal acquaintance with most of the leading parapsychologists of that period I do not think I could name half a dozen whom I could call objective students who honestly wished to discover the truth. The great majority wanted to prove something or other: They wanted the phenomena into which they were inquiring to serve some purpose in supporting preconceived theories of their own."(1985) The following
920-441: The Society for Psychical Research completed a delusional ideation questionnaire and a deductive reasoning task. The study found that "individuals who reported a strong belief in the paranormal made more errors and displayed more delusional ideation than skeptical individuals". The study also claims that reasoning abnormalities may have a causal role in the formation of paranormal belief. Some skeptical members have resigned from
960-422: The detection of fraud and suggested that their spiritualist beliefs were based on magical thinking and primitive superstition. Clodd described the SPR as offering "barbaric spiritual philosophy", and characterised the language of SPR members as using such terms as "subliminal consciousness" and "telepathic energy," as a disguise for "bastard supernaturalism." A 2004 psychological study involving 174 members of
1000-554: The early twentieth century, the SPR studied a series of automatic scripts and trance utterances from a group of automatic writers, known as the cross-correspondences . Famous cases investigated by the Society include Borley Rectory and the Enfield Poltergeist . In 1912 the Society extended a request for a contribution to a special medical edition of its Proceedings to Sigmund Freud . Though according to Ronald W. Clark (1980) "Freud surmised, no doubt correctly, that
1040-431: The early work involved investigating, exposing and in some cases duplicating fake phenomena. In the late 19th century, SPR investigations into séance phenomena led to the exposure of many fraudulent mediums. Richard Hodgson distinguished himself in that area. In 1884, Hodgson was sent by the SPR to India to investigate Helena Blavatsky and concluded that her claims of psychic power were fraudulent. However, in 1985
1080-661: The existence of any link between the founding fathers of psychoanalysis and investigation of the paranormal would hamper acceptance of psychoanalysis" as would any perceived involvement with the occult. Nonetheless, Freud did respond, contributing an essay titled "A Note on the Unconscious in Psycho-Analysis" to the Medical Supplement to the Proceedings of the Society for Psychical Research. Much of
1120-701: The first female member of the SPR. However, being the only female member at the time, she resigned after six months. Some other early members included the author Jane Barlow , the renowned chemist Sir William Crookes , physicist Sir Oliver Lodge , Nobel laureate Charles Richet , artist Lewis Charles Powles and psychologist William James . Members of the SPR initiated and organised the International Congresses of Physiological/Experimental psychology. Areas of study included hypnotism , dissociation , thought-transference , mediumship , Reichenbach phenomena , apparitions and haunted houses and
1160-509: The original finding of fraud was questioned and reinvestigated by the SPR researcher Vernon Harrison , president of the Royal Photographic Society and an expert at detecting forgery. Harrison determined that "As an investigator, Hodgson is weighed in the balances and found wanting. His case against Madame H. P. Blavatsky is not proven." In 1886 and 1887 a series of publications by S. J. Davey, Hodgson and Sidgwick in
1200-634: The peer-reviewed quarterly Journal of the Society for Psychical Research ( JSPR ), the irregular Proceedings and the magazine Paranormal Review . It holds an annual conference, regular lectures and two study days per year and supports the LEXSCIEN on-line library project. Among the first important works was the two-volume publication in 1886, Phantasms of the Living , concerning telepathy and apparitions , co-authored by Gurney, Myers and Frank Podmore . This text, and subsequent research in this area,
1240-680: The physical phenomena associated with séances . The SPR were to introduce a number of neologisms which have entered the English language , such as ' telepathy ', which was coined by Frederic Myers. The Society is run by a President and a Council of twenty members, and is open to interested members of the public to join. The organisation is based at 1 Vernon Mews, London, with a library and office open to members, and with large book and archival holdings in Cambridge University Library , Cambridgeshire , England. It publishes
Tillyard - Misplaced Pages Continue
1280-467: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Tillyard . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tillyard&oldid=1137086478 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Disambiguation pages with surname-holder lists Hidden categories: Short description
1320-550: The teaching career envisaged by her parents. During her stormy adolescence, Tillyard underwent several mystico-religious experiences as a result of which she decided to dedicate her life to God's service. Bizarre manifestations of her dedication persuaded her parents that marriage was the only means of normalising her. On 19 January 1907 Tillyard reluctantly married Greco-American Constantine Cleanthes Graham (born Michaelides); they had two daughters, Elizabeth Mary Alethea in 1908 and Aelfrida Catharine Agatha in 1910. From 1907 until 1914
1360-592: The untimely death of Conrad Francis traumatised Tillyard so deeply that her personality became severely dysfunctional. Unable to tolerate formal schooling, she was educated privately by Cambridge lecturers until 1900, after which she spent a year in Switzerland and several months in Florence to perfect her already-fluent French and Latin. She subsequently taught languages at Cambridge schools, but she wanted to write. A breakdown in her physical and mental health ended
1400-422: The victims of pronounced bias, as sometimes they themselves have admitted." Trevor H. Hall , an ex-member of the Society for Psychical Research, criticised SPR members for their "credulous and obsessive wish... to believe." Hall also claimed SPR members "lack knowledge of deceptive methods." Writer Edward Clodd asserted that the SPR members William F. Barrett and Oliver Lodge had insufficient competence for
1440-474: Was formally constituted on 20 February 1882 with philosopher Henry Sidgwick as its first president. The SPR was the first organisation of its kind in the world, its stated purpose being "to approach these varied problems without prejudice or prepossession of any kind, and in the same spirit of exact and unimpassioned enquiry which has enabled science to solve so many problems, once not less obscure nor less hotly debated." In 1882 Mary Everest Boole became
1480-666: Was founded, with the establishment of thought-transference—already rising within measurable distance of proof—as its primary aim.” Defenders of the SPR have stated in reply that “a ‘will to believe’ in post-mortem survival, telepathy and other scientifically unpopular notions, does not necessarily exclude a ‘will to know’ and thus the capacity for thorough self-criticism , methodological rigour and relentless suspicion of errors.” The skeptic and physicist Victor J. Stenger has written: The SPR ... on occasion exposed blatant cases of fraud even their own credulous memberships could not swallow. But their journals have never succeeded in achieving
1520-418: Was nevertheless dismayed when her daughters abandoned her, Alethea by becoming a nun and missionary, Agatha by suicide. In pursuit of her 'closer walk with God' Tillyard also became an Anglo-Catholic and (briefly) an extern oblate of St Mary's Abbey , West Malling, Kent. Tillyard wrote two science fiction novels articulating her conservative political views. Concrete: A Story of Two Hundred Years Hence (1930)
1560-711: Was one of the first women to take the Higher Local Examination after attending lectures for women in Cambridge . Tillyard had three brothers, one of whom predeceased her: Henry Julius Wetenhall Tillyard (1881–1968), classicist and expert in Byzantine musicology; Conrad Francis Wetenhall Tillyard (1885–1888); and Eustace Mandeville Wetenhall Tillyard (1889–1961), active in English literary studies and Master of Jesus College, Cambridge . Events surrounding
1600-476: Was received negatively by the scientific mainstream, though Gurney and Podmore provided a defense of the society's early work in this area in mainstream publications. The SPR "devised methodological innovations such as randomized study designs" and conducted "the first experiments investigating the psychology of eyewitness testimony (Hodgson and Davey, 1887), [and] empirical and conceptual studies illuminating mechanisms of dissociation and hypnotism" In 1894,
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