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73-399: The intervention consists of one or more of the following: Typically, traction control systems share the electrohydraulic brake actuator (which does not use the conventional master cylinder and servo) and wheel-speed sensors with ABS . The basic idea behind the need for a traction control system is the loss of road grip can compromise steering control and stability of vehicles. This is

146-761: A 0–100 km/h (0–62 mph) acceleration figure of 4.1 seconds, or 3.9 seconds with the Sport Chrono package, and a top speed of 285 km/h (177 mph) The Porsche Surface Coated Brakes (PSCB) is a standard equipment. In May 2018, Porsche introduced the Cayenne E-Hybrid. Sharing the same plug-in hybrid system with the Panamera 4 E-Hybrid, the variant uses a 3.0-litre V6 petrol engine with an eight-speed Tiptronic S automatic gearbox rated at 462 PS (340 kW; 456 hp) and 700 N⋅m (71.4 kg⋅m; 516 lb⋅ft) of torque. Porsche claims

219-534: A 0–100 km/h (0–62 mph) time of 5.0 seconds and top speed of 252 km/h (157 mph). The all-electric range is rated by Porsche at 43 km (27 mi). It takes 7.8 hours to fully charge the 14.1 kWh battery with a 230-volt connection, or 2.3 hours if an optional 7.2 kW on-board charger is fitted. In August 2019, the Cayenne Turbo S E-Hybrid was released for both regular and Coupé body styles. A plug-in hybrid model, it uses

292-562: A 2017 Porsche Cayenne S Diesel set the Guinness World Record for heaviest aircraft pulled by a production car. The Cayenne towed a 265-ton Air France Airbus A380 to a distance of 42 meters, breaking the previous 2013 record of a Nissan Patrol towing a 170-ton Ilyushin Il-76 to a distance of 50 meters. After the attempt Porsche repeated the test using a petrol-powered Cayenne Turbo S with 800 Nm of torque , 50 Nm less than

365-522: A closely controlled manner. Typically, the valve will move the spool proportionnaly to an electrical signal that it receives, indirectly controlling flow rate. Simple hydraulic control valves are binary, they are either on or off. Servo valves are different in that they can continuously vary the flow they supply from zero up to their rated maximum flow, or until the output pressure reaches the supplied pressure. More complex servo valves can control other parameters. For instance, some have internal feedback so that

438-478: A device that was not formally legal until 2002 (although the switch to single engine supplier for 2003 reverted the legalization). In 2008, NASCAR suspended a Whelen Modified Tour driver, crew chief, and car owner for one race and disqualified the team after finding questionable wiring in the ignition system, which could have been used to implement traction control. Traction control is not just used for improving acceleration under slippery conditions. It can also help

511-418: A driver to corner more safely. If too much throttle is applied during cornering, the driven wheels will lose traction and slide sideways. This occurs as understeer in front-wheel-drive vehicles and oversteer in rear-wheel-drive vehicles. Traction control can mitigate and possibly even correct understeer or oversteer from happening by limiting power to the overdriven wheel or wheels. However, it cannot increase

584-585: A facelifted Cayenne range, with minor exterior alterations and new power-train options, including a plug-in E-Hybrid and downsizing of the S model's 4.8-L V8 to a turbocharged 3.6-L V6. At the IAA 2005 , Porsche announced it would produce a hybrid version of the Cayenne before 2010 (Porsche Cayenne Hybrid). Two years later, at the IAA 2007 , Porsche presented a functioning Cayenne Hybrid and demonstration model of

657-631: A limited edition version based on the Cayenne GTS was introduced, designed by Porsche Design Studio and included a Porsche Design chronograph Type P'6612. Production was limited to 1000 units worldwide. In April 2022, Porsche unveiled a concept open-top Cayenne for the first time to the public as a part of the 20th anniversary of the Porsche Cayenne. The Cayenne was proving successful, so in December 2002 Porsche designers wanted to assess

730-636: A more rakish roofline dubbed the Cayenne Coupé became available in 2019. It was revealed during the Shanghai Auto Show in April 2019. At launch, there were two sub-models, the Cayenne Coupé and Cayenne Turbo Coupé. The Cayenne Coupé is extensively reworked from the standard model, featuring a shallower front windshield and narrower A-pillar . The roof is lowered by 20 mm (0.8 in), while new rear door panels and updated fenders extended

803-538: A more slanted rear window, less upright windshield, a more sloping roofline, door-mounted mirrors, smaller windows at the rear of the vehicle, headlights inspired by the Carrera GT , taillights that extend onto the car's tailgate, LED daytime running lights and a vastly redesigned interior much like the Panamera . The 2011 Cayenne is almost 250 kg (551 lb) lighter than the previous models due to removing

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876-605: A new plug-in E-Hybrid version with its public launch at the Paris Motor Show . Since 2008, all engines have featured direct injection technology. The third generation (Type 9YA or E3) was unveiled in 2017 in the German city of Stuttgart . The original Porsche Cayenne entered into the global market to a mixed reception, but it proved itself to have excellent performance for an SUV and had comparably good handling as well as powerful engines. The lineup initially consisted of

949-453: A power sunroof and memory for the driver's seat. The Cayenne GTS added an optional rearview camera, keyless access and start, and memory system. Finally, the most upscale Cayenne Turbo and Turbo S added a navigation system with voice recognition, optional four-zone climate controls, heated rear seats, premium sound system with six-disc CD changer. The E2 Cayenne was powered by a 3.6-L VR6 engine producing 300 PS (221 kW; 296 hp),

1022-424: A second-stage spool valve. This design results in significant increases in servo valve flow capability, stability, and force output. Similarly, three-stage servo valves may use an intermediate stage spool valve to position a larger third stage spool valve. Three-stage servo valves are limited to very high power applications, where significant flows are required. Furthermore, two-stage servo valves may be classified by

1095-508: A top speed of 250 km/h. The updated V8 engine featured VarioCam Plus which combine variable valve timing with two-stage valve lift on the inlet side. The E1 Gran-Turismo Sport (GTS) was only offered in the updated 9PA chassis between the year 2008 and 2010. It was the first Porsche of the modern era to feature the GTS abbreviation nameplate in its model designation. Its sporty chassis had been specially developed only for this model variant and it

1168-521: A top speed of 253 km/h. A six-speed manual transmission was also offered in the GTS. The first-generation 9PA Cayenne Turbo had 450 PS (331 kW), and can accelerate from 0–100 km/h (62 mph) in 5.6 seconds. A Turbo S version was built in 2006 to compete with the Mercedes-Benz ML 63 AMG. The Cayenne Turbo and Turbo S include a low-range case, a locking differential, and height-adjustable, off-road suspension. The Turbo S

1241-462: A total of 380 PS (279 kW; 375 hp). A six-speed manual gearbox serves as the standard transmission system on the base Cayenne to 2014, with all other models featuring an eight-speed automatic (Tiptronic S) as standard equipment. The low-range transfer case found in the previous generation has been removed. All vehicles will feature about 10% less weight than their predecessors, 70 kg worth of standard equipment in excess of that found on

1314-524: A traction control unit. The predecessor of modern electronic traction control systems can be found in high-torque, high-power rear-wheel-drive cars as a limited slip differential . A limited-slip differential is a purely mechanical system that transfers a relatively small amount of power to the non-slipping wheel, while still allowing some wheel spin to occur. In 1971, Buick introduced MaxTrac , which used an early computer system to detect rear wheel spin and modulate engine power to those wheels to provide

1387-431: A true full-time set up driving all wheels with some power all the time) to supply non-slipping wheels with torque. This often occurs in conjunction with the powertrain computer reducing available engine torque by electronically limiting throttle application and/or fuel delivery, retarding ignition spark, completely shutting down engine cylinders, and a number of other methods, depending on the vehicle and how much technology

1460-441: A twin-turbocharged 4.0-litre V8 petrol engine rated at 550 PS (405 kW; 542 hp) and a 136 PS (100 kW; 134 hp) electric motor for a combined total of 680 PS (500 kW; 671 hp) and 900 N⋅m (664 lb⋅ft) of torque. A 14.1-kWh lithium-ion battery is used, and was said to offer 30 percent more capacity than the battery used in previous generation plug-in hybrid Cayenne models. Charging time

1533-504: Is an electrically-operated valve that controls how hydraulic fluid is sent to an actuator . Servo valves are often used to control powerful hydraulic cylinders with a very small electrical signal . Servo valves can provide precise control of position, velocity, pressure, and force with good post-movement damping characteristics. The electrohydraulic servo valve first appeared in World War II . The EHSVs in use during

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1606-487: Is equipped with 22-inch wheels with Pirelli P Zero Corsa tyres. Ride height is lowered by 18 mm (0.7 in), while overall vehicle height is 30 mm (1.2 in) lower. In April 2023, the Cayenne was given a mid-cycle refresh for the 2024 model year. Notable changes include a new dashboard layout, similar to that of the Taycan, a fully digital 12.6-inch gauge cluster, and minor exterior restyling modifications for

1679-531: Is included in the optional Sport Chrono Package (standard on Coupé). Sport Design package, 21-inch RS Spyder Design wheels, and Sport Exhaust are included as standard equipment. In June 2021, Porsche introduced the Cayenne Turbo GT version. Based on the Cayenne Coupé, it uses a 4.0-litre twin-turbo V8 engine which Porsche claims to produce 640 PS (471 kW; 631 hp) and claimed 0–100 km/h (0–62 mph) acceleration time in 3.3 seconds. It

1752-462: Is included with AdvanceTrac , and Porsche ’s four-wheel automatic brake differential (ABD), can send 100 percent of torque to any one wheel or wheels, via an aggressive brake strategy or "brake locking", allowing vehicles like the Expedition and Cayenne to keep moving, even with two wheels (one front, one rear) completely off the ground. Very effective yet small units are available that allow

1825-413: Is powered by a twin-turbocharged 4.5 L V8 that produces 521 PS (383 kW; 514 hp) and 720 N⋅m (530 lb⋅ft) of torque; Acceleration from 0–60 mph (97 km/h) takes 5.0 seconds and the top speed is 167 mph (269 km/h); It features a six-speed automatic Tiptronic S transmission. In 2008 an updated 9PA Turbo model, featuring a larger direct fuel injection 4.8-L V8 engine,

1898-421: Is quoted at 2.4 hours when connected to a 240-volt, 50-amp source. Porsche claimed a 0–100 km/h (0–62 mph) acceleration figure of 3.6 seconds with a top speed of 295 km/h (183 mph). Porsche Ceramic Composite Brakes (PCCB), Porsche Dynamic Chassis Control (PDCC), Porsche Torque Vectoring Plus (PTV+), and Sport Chrono Package are standard equipment for the model. In June 2020, Porsche introduced

1971-588: Is the first plug-in hybrid in the premium SUV segment, allowing Porsche to become the first automaker with three production plug-in hybrid models. Deliveries in Germany were scheduled to begin in October 2014. Sales in the U.S. began in November 2014. The following are the official EPA ratings of the Cayenne S E-Hybrid compared with the others models of the 2015 line up available in the U.S.: On 1 May 2017,

2044-468: Is used extensively throughout the vehicle, including in the doors, roof, hood, rear hatch, as well as its body in white . The ratio of aluminium to high-strength steel is roughly 50-50, according to Lenschow. A lighter lithium-ion polymer starter battery that saves 10 kg (22 lb) also contributes to its weight distribution , which in base configuration is nearly balanced with approximately 55 percent front and 45 percent rear. All engine options of

2117-423: Is used to control the engine and transmission. There are instances when traction control is undesirable, such as trying to get a vehicle unstuck in snow or mud. Allowing one wheel to spin can propel a vehicle forward enough to get it unstuck, whereas both wheels applying a limited amount of power will not produce the same effect. Many vehicles have a traction control shut-off switch for such circumstances. Generally,

2190-624: The Transsyberia rally , in which only 285 were built. The street version was later built to commemorate Porsche's victory in the Transsyberia rally . It is only available in the 9PA chassis with the 405 hp (302 kW) direct-inject 4.8-L V8 from the Cayenne GTS. Sales began in January 2009, with a targeted production run of 600 road vehicles worldwide (285 for North America), but far fewer were actually built (102 for USA, 17 for Canada including 3 which were 6 speed manual). In May 2009,

2263-465: The Volkswagen emissions scandal . Standard features of the 92A Porsche Cayenne included automatic air conditioning with dual-zone climate controls, interior air filter, tilt/telescopic leather-wrapped steering wheel with radio controls, cruise control, leather upholstery, eight-way power front seats, outside-temperature indicator, and universal garage door opener in the base model. The Cayenne S adds

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2336-482: The 1940s were characterized by poor accuracy and slow response times due to the inability to rapidly convert electrical signals into hydraulic flows. The first two-stage servo valve used a solenoid to actuate a first stage spool which in turn drove a rotating main stage. The servo valves of the World War II-era were similar to this — using a solenoid to drive a spool valve. Advancement of EHSVs took off in

2409-616: The 1950s, as well as the first production Porsche with four doors. Since 2014, the Cayenne has been sold alongside a smaller Porsche SUV, the Macan . The second-generation Cayenne (Type 92A or E2) was unveiled at the 2010 Geneva Motor Show in March. The Cayenne shares its platform, body frame, doors, and electronics with the Volkswagen Touareg and Audi Q7 . It received a facelift in 2014 with minor external changes, and introduced

2482-621: The 1950s, largely due to the adoption of permanent magnet torque motors as the first stage (as opposed to solenoids). This resulted in greatly improved response times and a reduction in power used to control the valves. Electrohydraulic servo valves may consist of one or more stages. A single-stage servo valve uses a torque motor to directly position a spool valve. Single-stage servo valves suffer from limitations in flow capability and stability due to torque motor power requirements. Two-stage servo valves may use flapper, jet pipe, or deflector jet valves as hydraulic amplifier first stages to position

2555-480: The ABS electronic control unit to apply brake friction to wheels spinning with lessened traction. Braking action on slipping wheel(s) will cause power transfer to wheel axle(s) with traction due to the mechanical action within the differential. All-wheel-drive (AWD) vehicles often have an electronically controlled coupling system in the transfer case or transaxle engaged (active part-time AWD), or locked-up tighter (in

2628-474: The Cayenne GTS and Cayenne GTS Coupé for the 2021 model year, after a two-year hiatus. It is powered by a twin-turbocharged 4.0-litre V8 shared with the Panamera GTS, which is rated at 460 PS (338 kW; 454 hp) and 620 N⋅m (63.2 kg⋅m; 457 lb⋅ft) of torque. The new models are capable of reaching 100 km/h (62 mph) in 4.8 seconds or 4.5 seconds using Performance Start, which

2701-438: The Cayenne S features the same 4.8-L V8 in the Panamera S models producing 400 PS (294 kW; 395 hp) and the Cayenne Turbo comes with Panamera Turbo's 4.8 L twin turbo V8 producing 500 PS (368 kW; 493 hp). The Cayenne S Hybrid uses an Audi-sourced 3.0-L V6 engine producing 333 PS (245 kW; 328 hp), paired with a nickel metal hydride battery capable of 47 PS (35 kW; 46 hp), for

2774-559: The Cayenne no longer shares the door panel design with the Volkswagen Touareg. According to Stephan Lenschow, the Cayenne body product manager, this allows Porsche to give the Cayenne a more ' coke bottle ' design. The Cayenne also received a redesigned front end with larger air intakes, more prominent creases along the bonnet, and a lower roofline to align its styling with the Porsche 911 . The wheelbase remains unchanged from

2847-539: The German company Porsche since 2002. It is a luxury crossover SUV , and has been described as both a full-sized and a mid-sized vehicle. The first generation was known within Porsche as the Type 9PA (955/957) or E1. It was the first V8-engined vehicle built by Porsche since 1995, when the Porsche 928 was discontinued. It is also Porsche's first off-road variant vehicle since its Super and Junior tractors of

2920-499: The S Diesel, in an effort to prove the Cayenne's remarkable ability. The third-generation Porsche Cayenne was revealed on August 29, 2017, set to be put on sale in 2019. It is built on the Volkswagen Group MLB platform shared with several other luxury crossover SUVs produced by Volkswagen Group, including the Volkswagen Touareg , Audi Q7 , Audi Q8 , Bentley Bentayga , and Lamborghini Urus . For this generation,

2993-540: The V8-powered Cayenne S and Cayenne Turbo. Later in the model cycle, VR6 and diesel-powered versions joined the lineup. In the eight model years of the E1 generation, a total of 276,652 units were produced. The name Cayenne was coined by Manfred Gotta . The base model Cayenne is powered by a 3.2-L VR6 engine producing 250 PS (184 kW; 247 hp). The intake manifold is unique to Porsche, but otherwise

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3066-416: The amount of power being delivered to outer and inner wheels as needed. For example, if outward slip is sensed while turning, the active differential may deliver more power to the outer wheel in order to minimize the yaw (essentially the degree to which the front and rear wheels of a car are out of line.) Active differential, in turn, is controlled by an assembly of electromechanical sensors collaborating with

3139-420: The base 3.0-litre V6 engine power output increasing by 10 kW (13 hp) and 50 N⋅m of torque to produce 260 kW and 500 N⋅m. The Cayenne S gained a V8 engine which it lost since the release of the third-generation Cayenne. It is a 4.0-litre turbocharged petrol engine that produces 350 kW (469 hp) and 600 N⋅m of torque, representing an increase of output of 25 kW (34 hp) and 50 N⋅m over

3212-491: The current model and a more heavily contoured rear bench. Available Porsche Dynamic Chassis Control ( PDCC ) active anti-roll bars , Adaptive air suspension and Porsche Active Suspension Management (PASM). In September 2012 Porsche announced the Cayenne S Diesel. This model is fitted with the Audi 4.2 V8 TDI engine. In October 2012, Porsche confirmed the addition of a new Cayenne Turbo S. In July 2014, Porsche launched

3285-452: The driver to remove the traction control system after an event if desired. In Formula One , an effort to ban traction control led to a change of rules for 2008: every car must have a standard (but custom mappable) ECU, issued by the FIA , which is relatively basic and does not have traction control capabilities. In 2003, Paul Tracy admitted that CART teams used traction control in the nineties,

3358-486: The drivetrain. Notable modifications to this car include an electric vacuum pump and hydraulic steering pump, allowing the car to function even when the engine is deactivated. A 288-volt nickel metal hydride battery is placed under the boot floor, occupying the space normally used for a spare tire. The production version, called the 'S' Hybrid, was launched in 2010, with a 3.0-L petrol V6 linked with an electric motor to achieve CO 2 emissions of 193 g/km. The S Hybrid

3431-582: The engine is largely the same as the VW engine. Acceleration from 0–100 km/h (0–62 mph) is 9.1 seconds with the manual transmission and 9.7 seconds with the Tiptronic S. The S in the 955 pre-facelift 9PA is powered by a 4.5L V8 engine with a wet-sump lubrication system and variable valve timing. It produces 335 hp (250 kW; 340 PS) and 310 lb⋅ft (420 N⋅m) of torque. Acceleration from 0–60 mph (0–97 km/h) takes 6.9 seconds and

3504-425: The flow of fuel into a turbofan engine governed by FADEC . In fly-by-wire aircraft the control surfaces are often moved by servo valves connected to hydraulic cylinders. The signals to the servo valves are controlled by a flight control computer that receives commands from the pilot and monitors the flight of the aircraft. Porsche Cayenne The Porsche Cayenne is a series of automobiles manufactured by

3577-417: The hood, headlights, bumpers, fenders, and trunk. Matrix LED headlamps are now equipped as standard equipment across the range, while HD Matrix LED units are optional. The HD Matrix LED features two high-definition modules and more than 32 000 pixels per headlamp, and the pixel accuracy of the headlamp units enables the selective blocking out of parts of the high beam. The powertrains were also upgraded, with

3650-412: The hood, improvements included sport-tuned suspension, an aerodynamic body package, low-range transfer case, locking differential and a 6-speed automatic Tiptronic S transmission. The Cayenne S Titanium Edition is powered by the same 4.5L V8 engine that powered the Cayenne S - still producing 335 hp (250 kW; 340 PS) and 310 lb⋅ft (420 N⋅m) of torque. Acceleration is even quicker than

3723-399: The input signal effectively control flow or output pressure, rather than spool position. Servo valves are often used in a feedback control where the position or force on a hydraulic cylinder is measured, and fed back into a controller that varies the signal sent to the servo valve. This allows very precise control of the cylinder. One example of servo valve use is in blow molding where

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3796-451: The life of the disc by up to 35 percent. It is more expensive than iron discs while still being 50 percent less expensive than the ceramic brake option. Other innovations in this generation include staggered (different width) front and rear tires, and optional rear-axle steering to reduce the turning radius. In the first quarter of 2022, Porsche sales declined by 5%, but the Cayenne remained the manufacturer's best-selling car. A model with

3869-442: The limits of frictional grip available and is used only to decrease the effect of driver error or compensate for a driver's inability to react quickly enough to wheel slip. Automobile manufacturers state in vehicle manuals that traction control systems should not encourage dangerous driving or encourage driving in conditions beyond the driver's control. Electrohydraulic servo valve An electrohydraulic servo valve ( EHSV )

3942-440: The low-range transfer case making it slightly more fuel efficient than the previous lineup. More use of aluminium and magnesium also helped shave weight. Despite its lower stance, the new vehicle's off-road capabilities have been retained without compromising the street performance-oriented layout and design. In addition to a diesel offering, a hybrid version is available. Model year 2013–2016 diesel Porsche Cayennes are included in

4015-411: The main hardware for traction control and ABS are mostly the same. In many vehicles, traction control is provided as an additional option for ABS. In all vehicles, traction control is automatically started when the sensors detect loss of traction at any of the wheels. When programmed or calibrated for off-road use, traction control systems like Ford ’s four-wheel electronic traction control (ETC) which

4088-607: The most traction. A Buick exclusive item at the time, it was an option on all full-size models, including the Riviera , Estate Wagon , Electra 225 , Centurion , and LeSabre . Cadillac introduced the Traction Monitoring System (TMS) in 1979 on the redesigned Eldorado. When the traction control computer (often incorporated into another control unit, such as the ABS module) detects one or more driven wheels spinning significantly faster than another, it invokes

4161-615: The previous Cayenne S that is powered by a 2.9 dm twin-turbocharged petrol V6. The electric motor from the E-Hybrid plug-in hybrid variant was increased from 100 kW to 130 kW (174 hp), and the battery increased to 93 MJ (25.9 kWh), up from 64.5 MJ (17.9 kWh) previously, offering a pure electric driving range of up to 90 km on the WLTP test cycle. Revisions to the chassis for this refreshed model included revised dampers with two-valve technology for separate compression and rebound sections, which Porsche claimed will help offer

4234-420: The previous generation, but Porsche increased the Cayenne's overall length slightly by about 63 mm (2.5 in). The height is slightly lowered by 9 mm (0.4 in) and the coefficient of drag is rated at 0.35. Despite a small increase in length, the third-generation Cayenne is lighter by around 65 kg (143 lb), depending on the configuration, due to the use of a lighter chassis. Aluminium

4307-561: The prototype stages. The second-generation Porsche Cayenne 92A went on sale in April–May 2010 as a 2011 model, with an official debut at the 2010 Geneva Motor Show . In preparation for the unveiling, the Cayenne production facility in Leipzig, Germany, closed in December 2009 to commence factory retooling for the new model, a process that took two to three months. The 92A Porsche Cayenne was slightly larger than its predecessors, but featured

4380-402: The rear. Additionally, its doors were 20 cm longer than the standard Cayenne and it had a shorter A-Pillar than the standard model. Due to the concerns surrounding head room, boot space and rear design the idea was scrapped. However, the coupe style SUV lead to the modern Cayenne Coupe. Moreover, the idea of a longer wheelbase 3 row SUV likely led to the large Porsche SUV which is currently in

4453-420: The regular Cayenne S from 0–60 mph (0–97 km/h) at 6.2 seconds and the top speed is 150 mph (241 km/h). In the updated 9PA chassis 957 Cayenne S introduced between 2008 and 2010, it featured a direct fuel injection (DFI) 4.8L V8 engine which produces 390 PS (287 kW; 385 hp) and 500 N⋅m (370 lb⋅ft) of torque. It had a 0–100 km/h (62 mph) time of 6.6 seconds with

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4526-403: The result of the difference in traction of the drive wheels. The difference in slip may occur due to the turning of a vehicle or varying road conditions for different wheels. When a car turns, its outer and inner wheels rotate at different speeds; this is conventionally controlled by using a differential . A further enhancement of the differential is to employ an active differential that can vary

4599-470: The servo valve controls the wall thickness of extruded plastic making up the bottle or container by use of a deformable die. The mechanical feedback has been replaced by an electric feedback with a position transducer. Integrated electronics close the position loop for the spool. These valves are suitable for electrohydraulic position, velocity, pressure or force control systems with extremely high dynamic response requirements. Servo valves are used to regulate

4672-565: The third-generation Cayenne are turbocharged, while diesel engines are no longer offered. All Cayenne models in this generation are equipped with an updated eight-speed " Tiptronic S" transmission that is claimed to provide quicker shifts than before. Porsche offers optional Porsche Surface Coated Brakes (PSCB), which consist of a cast-iron disc with 70 micrometers of tungsten-carbide coating. According to Karl Heess, Porsche director for product line SUV, PSCB reduce brake dust by as much as 50 percent over conventional iron brake discs), and extend

4745-693: The top speed is 150 mph (241 km/h). Introduced only for 2006 (as a pre-GTS concept), the Cayenne S Titanium Edition was a one-year exclusive, limited production SUV featuring a lightweight steel body, featuring an aluminium hood (lighter than the one equipped on the Cayenne S), titanium-painted accented body parts, side lower rocker body panels, Sport-Quad Tip Exhaust chrome tailpipes, 19" titanium painted alloy wheels, bi-xenon headlights, two-tone interior upholstery, Porsche PCM 2.0 w/ trip computer navigation, MP3 audio and Bose cabin surround sound. Under

4818-415: The type of feedback used for the second stage; which may be spool position, load pressure, or load flow feedback. Most commonly, two-stage servo valves use position feedback; which may further be classified by direct feedback, force feedback, or spring centering. A servo valve receives pressurized hydraulic fluid from a source, typically a hydraulic pump. It then transfers the fluid to a hydraulic cylinder in

4891-517: The vehicle width by 18 mm (0.7 in). The drag coefficient is rated at 0.34, which is 0.1 lower than the regular model. Every Cayenne Coupé is equipped with standard 2.16 m (23.3 sq ft) fixed-glass panoramic roof, while an optional contoured carbon roof is also available as an option. At its introduction in August 2017, Porsche released two versions of the third-generation Cayenne, which are base and Cayenne S. The Cayenne Turbo

4964-421: The viability of more Cayenne body styles. They came up 3 alternate body shapes: a coupe style SUV, a convertible SUV and a longer wheelbase 3 row SUV. Porsche designers decided to continue with the idea of a convertible SUV, creating a two-door, non-drivable (due to a lack of strengthening added to the chassis to prevent the car from buckling without a fixed roof) convertible Cayenne that had two alternate designs on

5037-486: Was launched in the U.S. market in November 2010. In July 2014, Porsche announced the launch of the Porsche Cayenne S E-Hybrid, a plug-in hybrid with an all-electric range between 18 and 36 km (11 and 22 mi) under the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) standard. The plug-in model displaced the Cayenne S Hybrid from the line up, and it is part of the revised range. The Cayenne S E-Hybrid

5110-420: Was only available in the facelift 9PA chassis, powered by a 3.0-L V6 VW TDI engine, since February 2009. The engine is rated at 240 PS (177 kW; 237 hp) and 550 N⋅m (410 lb⋅ft) of torque. The car was unveiled at the 2009 Geneva Motor Show . The diesel can accelerate from 0–60 mph (97 km/h) in 8.2 seconds. The Cayenne S Transsyberia was originally a racing vehicle designed for

5183-402: Was powered with a performance tuned 411 PS (302 kW; 405 hp) 4.8 L V8. It also featured a lowered sport suspension, sports exhaust system and 21-inch (533 mm) high performance wheels as standard. It was much lighter than a normal Cayenne and had an aerodynamic wide body kit standard from factory. The Porsche Cayenne GTS had a 0–100 km/h (62 mph) time of 6.1 seconds with

5256-582: Was released a month later. The Cayenne S used the EA839 2.9 liter twin turbo V6 engine, with larger brake rotors and calipers compared with the base model. In September 2017, Porsche added the Cayenne Turbo to the line-up. Introduced at the Frankfurt Motor Show , the Cayenne Turbo is powered with a twin-turbocharged 4.0-litre V8 rated at 549 PS (404 kW; 541 hp) and 770 N⋅m (78.5 kg⋅m; 568 lb⋅ft) of torque. Porsche claimed

5329-491: Was revealed at the Beijing Auto Show . It produces 500 PS (368 kW; 493 hp) more power, and can accelerate from 0–60 mph (97 km/h) in 4.9 seconds. Also revealed with the new Turbo, was a new 550 hp (410 kW) Turbo S model. Acceleration from 0–60 mph (97 km/h) for that car takes 4.7 seconds and it can be had with optional ceramic composite brakes. The original Cayenne Diesel

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