A prefecture (from the Latin praefectura ) is an administrative jurisdiction traditionally governed by an appointed prefect . This can be a regional or local government subdivision in various countries, or a subdivision in certain international church structures, as well as in antiquity a Roman district. The term prefecture is used for the modern first-level subdivisions of the Central African Republic , Japan , and Morocco .
72-545: Qingdao (Qingdao Mandarin: t͡ɕʰiŋ˧˩ tɒ˥) is a prefecture -level city in the eastern Shandong Province of China . Located on China's Yellow Sea coast, Qingdao was founded in 1891 to support coastal defence fortifications. In 1897, the city was ceded to Germany. For the Germans Qingdao (Tsingtau) was a strategic trade center, port and base for its East Asia Squadron , allowing the German navy to project dominance in
144-522: A prefettura is the office of a prefetto , the representative of the Government in each province . In France, a préfecture is the capital city of a department , and by metonymy also designates the office and residence of the prefect. As there are 101 departments in France, there are 101 prefectures. A préfecture de région is the capital city of an administrative region . This is the city where
216-484: A "New City District" was established to furnish the Japanese colonists with commercial sections and living quarters, which suggested a striking contrast to the shabby houses in the local Chinese zones (Li 2007, p. 133). In the meantime, several schools, hospitals, and public buildings were constructed, followed by urban streets and intercity highways as well. The urban spatial layout continued to expand northward along
288-701: A formal survey of Jiaozhou Bay in May 1897. In November of that year, the Juye Incident would take place, in which three German missionaries were attacked, and two were killed. Subsequently, German troops seized and occupied the fortification. The preindustrial, waning Qing Empire was forced to concede the area to Germany the following year, and the Kiautschou Bay concession , as it became known, existed from 1898 to 1914 (Li 2005, p. 81). With an area of 552 km (136,000 acres; 213 sq mi), it
360-400: A hierarchy of strategic geographic locations with varying degrees of influence over finance , trade , and culture worldwide. The global city represents the most complex and significant hub within the international system, characterized by links binding it to other cities that have direct, tangible effects on global socioeconomic affairs. The criteria of a global city vary depending on
432-933: A loan. Following the First World War, during the Paris Peace Conference , Japan secured agreements with the Allied powers to recognize its claim to the areas in Shandong, which included Qingdao, previously occupied by Germany. In 1922, Shandong reverted to Chinese control following the United States' mediation during the Washington Naval Conference . Today, Qingdao is a major nodal city of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) that connects Continental and East Asia with Europe. It has
504-543: A safe drinking water supply, a rarity in large parts of Asia at that time and later. The area had the highest school density and the highest per capita student enrollment in all of China, with primary, secondary and vocational schools funded by the Imperial German treasury and Protestant and Roman Catholic missions. Commercial interests established the Germania Brewery in 1903, which later became
576-631: A strong growth period, with a new central business district created to the east of the older business district. Outside of the center of the city, there is a large industrial zone, which includes chemical processing, rubber, and heavy manufacturing, in addition to a growing high-tech area. Numerous local and national service companies, rather than manufacturers, are based in the city's southern district. The sub-provincial city of Qingdao has seven districts (区; qū) and three county-level cities (市; shì):Qingdao City, located in Shandong Province, China,
648-421: Is a consensus on the leading world cities, the chosen criteria affect which other cities are included. Selection criteria may be based on a yardstick value (e.g., if the producer-service sector is the largest sector then city X is a world city) or on an imminent determination (if the producer-service sector of city X is greater than the combined producer-service sectors of N other cities then city X
720-718: Is a prefecture-level city with several aliases, including "Island City" and "Jiaozhou Bay". Qingdao is a vice-provincial-level city, a separately listed city, and recognized as a major city. According to the approval of the State Council, Qingdao is designated as an important coastal center city and a coastal resort tourism city in China, as well as an international port city. Qingdao City administers 7 districts and 3 county-level cities. These districts include Shinan District, Shibei District, Huangdao District, Laoshan District, Licang District, Chengyang District, and Jimo District, while
792-402: Is a world city.) Although criteria are variable and fluid, typical characteristics of world cities include: Global city rankings are numerous. New York City , London , Tokyo , and Paris are the most commonly mentioned. The Globalization and World Cities Research Network (GaWC) is a think tank that studies the relationships between world cities in the context of globalization . It
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#1732798493252864-657: Is about 1.5 billion dollars. The bridge was designed by the Shandong Gausu Group and the construction lasted for four years. Haiwan Bridge cut the commute between the city of Qingdao and the sprawling suburb of Huangdao by 30 minutes. At least 10,000 workers toiled in two teams around the clock to build the bridge, which was constructed from opposite ends. On the same day, the Jiaozhou Bay Tunnel opened. The tunnel brought much convenience to people by supporting public buses and making transport between
936-517: Is based in the geography department of Loughborough University in Leicestershire , United Kingdom . GaWC was founded by Peter J. Taylor in 1998. Together with Jon Beaverstock and Richard G. Smith , they create the GaWC's biennial categorization of world cities into "Alpha", "Beta" and "Gamma" tiers, based upon their international connectedness. The cities in the top two classifications in
1008-486: Is generally hot and humid, but very hot days are rare, with an August average of 25.6 °C (78.1 °F). Due to its proximity to the coast and location on a peninsula, compared to most inland areas of China, its spring is delayed by one month, and the annual diurnal temperature variation is only 6.3 °C (11.3 °F); conversely, its fall is milder than inland areas in Shandong. The water temperature peaks at about 25 °C (77 °F) in late August. Thus, swimming
1080-566: Is home to several notable universities , including the Ocean University of China , China University of Petroleum , Shandong University of Science and Technology , Qingdao , Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao University of Technology , and Qingdao Agricultural University. Human settlement in the area dates back 6,000 years. The Dongyi lived here and created the Dawenkou , Longshan and Dongyeshi cultures. In
1152-684: Is now the headquarters of the Chinese navy's northern fleet . An early example of the open-door policy occurred on 5 November 1984, when three United States Naval vessels visited Qingdao. This was the first US port call to China in more than 37 years. USS Rentz , USS Reeves , and USS Oldendorf and their crews were officially hosted by the Chinese People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN). Northern Qingdao, particularly Shibei , Licang , and Chengyang districts, are now major manufacturing centers. The city has recently experienced
1224-602: Is possible for two months on either side. The annual mean temperature is 13.3 °C (55.9 °F). Extremes since 1951 have ranged from −15.5 °C (4 °F) on 16 January 1958 to 38.9 °C (102 °F) on 15 July 2002; unofficial readings have reached a record low of −16.9 °C (1.6 °F) or for the official weather station there, −16.4 °C (2.5 °F) on 10 January 1931. With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 38 percent in July to 59 percent in October,
1296-895: The Anglo-Japanese Alliance . China protested against Japan's violation of her neutrality but was not able to interfere in the military operations. The decision of the Paris Peace Conference and the Versailles Treaty negotiations not to restore Chinese rule over the previous foreign concessions in Qingdao after the Great War triggered the May Fourth Movement (4 May 1919) of anti-imperialism, nationalism and cultural identity in China. The city came under Chinese rule in December 1922, under control of
1368-568: The Blue Sea Ferry operates between Qingdao and Gunsan . Prefecture Prefecture originally refers to a self-governing body or area since the tetrarchy , when Emperor Diocletian divided the Roman Empire into four districts (each divided into dioceses ), grouped under a Vicarius (a number of Roman provinces , listed under that article), although he maintained two pretorian prefectures as an administrative level above
1440-693: The Eastern Zhou dynasty (770–256 BC), the town of Jimo was established, which was then the second-largest one in the Shandong region. The area in which Qingdao is located today was named Jiao'ao ( 胶澳 ) when it was administered by the Qing Dynasty on 14 June 1891. In 1891, the Qing Empire decided to make coastal Qingdao (then known as "Jiao'ao") a defense base against naval attacks and began to improve its fortifications. Imperial German naval officials observed and reported on this activity during
1512-580: The Japanese surrender in September 1945. On 2 June 1949, during the Chinese Civil War and shortly before the founding of the communist People's Republic of China on 1 October 1949 the city was taken by Chairman Mao Zedong and his troops. The development of the Qingdao urban space during the German occupation (1898–1914) originated from the port. Mass urban construction began in 1898 with
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#17327984932521584-764: The KMT allowed Qingdao to serve as the headquarters of the Western Pacific Fleet of the US Navy in 1945; however, its headquarters were transferred to the Philippines sometime in late 1948. On 2 June 1949, the CPC -led Red Army entered Qingdao and the city and province have been under PRC control since that time. Since the 1984 inauguration of China's open-door policy to foreign trade and investment, Qingdao has rapidly developed into an ultramodern port city. It
1656-593: The Marianas Islands to plan a transit back to Germany rather than be trapped in the Pacific by more powerful and numerous Allied fleets (British and Japanese). After a minor British naval attack on the German concession in Shandong in 1914, Japanese Empire troops occupied the city and the surrounding province during the Siege of Tsingtao (Qingdao) after Japan's declaration of war on Germany in accordance with
1728-805: The Republic of China (R.O.C.) established in 1912 after the Chinese Revolution the year before. However, Japan maintained its economic dominance of the railway and the province as a whole. The city became a direct-controlled municipality of the ROC Government in July 1929. Japan re-occupied Qingdao in 1938, a year after it expanded the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945), (a precursor to World War II , 1939–1945) with its plans of territorial expansion into China's coast. Nationalist (Kuomintang) ROC forces returned after
1800-486: The Republic of China , visited the Tsingtao area and stated in 1912, "I am impressed. The city is a true model for China's future". The development of Tsingtao urban space continued during the first Japan-occupation period (1914–1922). In 1914, Tsingtao was taken over by the Japanese and served as a base for the exploitation of natural resources of Shandong and northern China. With the development of industry and commerce,
1872-432: The humid subtropical ( Köppen : Cwa ) and humid continental (Köppen: Dwa ) regimes. Due to the direct regulation of the marine environment, the city is influenced by the southeast monsoon and the currents and water masses from the ocean, so it also has significant maritime climate characteristics. Winters range from cool to cold and windy, but are generally dry, with a January average of 0.2 °C (32.4 °F). Summer
1944-400: The 10 million residents of Qingdao, 6.2 million reside in the Qingdao urban area. Another estimated 5 million live in other cities under Qingdao's jurisdiction. The annual birth rate is calculated around 76,507, with a birth rate of 10.15 per year per thousand, and a death rate of 6.32, both calculated on an annual basis. Living standards are among the highest of leading Chinese cities due to
2016-570: The 15th largest city in China by population. Lying across the Shandong Peninsula and looking out to the Yellow Sea , it borders the prefecture-level cities of Yantai to the northeast, Weifang to the west and Rizhao to the southwest. Qingdao is a major seaport and naval base , as well as a commercial and financial center . It is home to electronics multinationals such as Haier and Hisense . The Jiaozhou Bay Bridge , links
2088-689: The 2024 edition are: In 2008, the American journal Foreign Policy , working with the consulting firm A.T. Kearney and the Chicago Council on Global Affairs , published a ranking of global cities based on consultation with Saskia Sassen , Witold Rybczynski , and others. The ranking is based on 27 metrics across five dimensions: business activity, human capital , information exchange, cultural experience, and political engagement. The top ranked cities in 2024 are: Advisory firm Oxford Economics released its Global Cities Index in 2024, ranking
2160-434: The 75 second-level administrative subdivisions are 13 prefectures and 62 provinces . They are subdivisions of the 12 regions of Morocco . Each prefecture and province are subdivided in their turn into districts ( cercles , sing. cercle ), municipalities ( communes , sing. commune ) or urban municipalities ( communes urbaines , sing. commune urbaine ), and arrondissements in some metropolitan areas. Traditionally
2232-508: The Berlin treasury as well as Protestant and Roman Catholic missions. In 1910, the Germans drew up for the second time the city planning of Tsingtao (Warner 2001, p. 33). The former urban area was extended four times highlighted by the emphasis on the development of commerce and trade. Sun Yat-sen (1866–1925), leader of the Chinese Revolution of 1911 and subsequently first president of
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2304-799: The Chinese Institute of City Competitiveness. In 2018, Qingdao held the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation summit. In 2020, Qingdao was rated as a Gamma+ level global city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network . Qingdao is also one of the world's top 50 cities for global scientific research as tracked by the Nature Index . The city was also ranked 20th globally in the "Global Top 100 Science & Technology Cluster Cities" rankings based on "publishing and patent performance" as of 2024. It
2376-470: The Chinese village of Qingdao, and the buildings lining it were the former homes of fishermen and farmers. Having sold their property, they resettled their homes and fields in the villages further east." Upon gaining control of the area, the Germans outfitted the impoverished fishing village of Qingdao with wide streets, solid housing areas, government buildings, electrification throughout, a sewer system and
2448-477: The Pacific. In 1914, following the outbreak of World War I , Japan occupied the city and the surrounding province during the Siege of Tsingtao . In 1915, China agreed to recognize Japan's special position in the territory through what became known as the Twenty-One Demands . In 1918, the Chinese government, under the control of the warlord Duan Qirui , secretly agreed to Japanese terms in exchange for
2520-552: The World’s Best Cities ranking. They are ranked in three categories: livability, lovability and prosperity, each of them using different factors. The top 10 cities in 2024 are: Strength as a financial center has become one of the pre-eminent indicators of a global city's ranking. As of 2024, the cities representing the top ten financial centers according to the Global Financial Centres Index by
2592-530: The also surviving dioceses (a few of which were split). As canon law is strongly inspired by Roman law, it is not surprising that the Catholic Church has several offices under a prefect. That term occurs also in otherwise styled offices, such as the head of a congregation or department of the Roman Curia . Various ecclesiastical areas, too small for a diocese , are termed prefects. In Brazil ,
2664-478: The best-known Chinese export beer. It is also home to Haier , a large white goods manufacturer, and Hisense , a major electronics company. In 2002 guitar manufacturers Epiphone opened a factory in Qingdao. In 1984 the Chinese government named a district of Qingdao a Special Economic and Technology Development Zone (SETDZ). Along with this district, the entire city had gone through fast-tracked development of secondary and tertiary industries . Qingdao has been
2736-599: The city planning of the Greater Tsingtao and the City Planning of the Mother Town (Tsingtao City Proper), even though they had not had the opportunity to actualize either, respectively. The period in question did not witness much urban progress except for the logical construction of No. 6 Wharf, some Japanese residences, and a small number of roads and streets (Lu 2001, p. 339). After World War II,
2808-538: The city receives 2,261 hours of bright sunshine annually. During the summer months, the beaches of Qingdao are afflicted by massive algal blooms . The decomposing algae release large amounts of hydrogen sulfide gas, which produces an offensive "rotten egg" odor. Sea lettuce blooms, which are partially caused by seaweed farming in Jiangsu Province, led local officials to declare a "large-scale algae disaster" in 2013. See or edit raw graph data . Of
2880-504: The country's main administrative units. These are most commonly translated into English as "prefectures" or "counties". Each nomos was headed by a prefect ( νομάρχης , nomarches ), who was a ministerial appointee until ca. 1990, but was then elected by direct popular vote in a process of decentralization that saw the prefectures become local government units. Municipal elections in Greece are held every four years and voting for
2952-562: The county-level cities consist of Jiaozhou City, Pingdu City, and Laixi City. Geographically, there are three districts (Shinan, Shibei, Licang) constituting a peninsula on the east coast of the Jiaozhou Bay as the core urban area, one (Chengyang) on the north coast and one (Xihai'an) on the west coast of the Yellow Sea . Qingdao is located on the south-facing coast of the Shandong Peninsula ( German : Schantung-Halbinsel ). It borders three prefecture-level cities, namely Yantai to
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3024-514: The east bay area. The development of Tsingtao urban space during the ROC-ruled period (1922–1938). This period saw the substantial progress of the urban development of Tsingtao. The government engaged itself in mass construction that gave birth to villa districts at the beach and bank groups in CBD. Plenty of public buildings and facilities for entertainment and sports were completed. By the year 1937,
3096-461: The election of prefects and mayors was carried out concurrently but with separate ballots. The 2010 Kallikratis plan , which took effect on 1 January 2011, abolished the prefectures as separate administrative units, and transformed them into regional units within the country's thirteen administrative regions . When used in the context of Chinese history , especially China before the Tang dynasty ,
3168-412: The highest GDP of any city in the province. Administered at the sub-provincial level , Qingdao has jurisdiction over seven districts and three county-level cities ( Jiaozhou , Pingdu , Laixi ). As of the 2020 census, Qingdao built-up (or metro) area made of the seven urban districts ( Shinan , Shibei , Huangdao , Laoshan , Licang , Chengyang and Jimo ) was home to 7,172,451 inhabitants, making it
3240-784: The highest levels in the region. There are a total of 1,145 km (711 mi) of roads in the Qingdao area, with nearly 500 km (310 mi) of expressways. These National Trunk Highway System (NTHS) Expressways begin or pass through in Qingdao. Expressways that begin in Qingdao are in Bold : Spur Route: G2011 Qingxin Expressway (Qingdao- Xinhe , Pingdu , Shandong) These provincial expressways begin in or pass through Qingdao. Expressways that begin in Qingdao are in Bold : Other than Expressways, there are also National Highways that pass through or begin in Qingdao. National Highways that begin in Qingdao are in bold : On 30 June 2011,
3312-549: The longest bridge over water opened in Qingdao. The bridge, Haiwan Bridge , is 26.4 miles (42.5 km) long and connects Qingdao to Huangdao and Hongdao. The bridge is almost three miles (4.8 km) longer than the previous record-holder , the Lake Pontchartrain Causeway in the American state of Louisiana . Haiwan Bridge is supported by more than 5,000 pillars and costs about 10 billion yuan which
3384-559: The main urban area of Qingdao with Huangdao district, straddling the Jiaozhou Bay sea areas. Its historic German-style architecture and Tsingtao Brewery , the second largest brewery in China, are legacies of the German occupation (1898–1914) . Qingdao is classified as a Large-Port Metropolis. In the 2020 Global Financial Centers Index , Qingdao ranked 47th; the index is published by the Z/Yen Group and China Development Institute ,
3456-408: The modern province . In modern-day China , the prefecture ( 地区 ; pinyin : dìqū ) is an administrative division found in the second level of the administrative hierarchy. In addition to prefectures, this level also includes autonomous prefectures, leagues , and prefecture-level cities . The prefecture level comes under the province level , and in turn oversees the county level . In Italy
3528-652: The modern sense. The capital, Hanyang ( Seoul ), can sometimes be translated as "Hanseong Prefecture". In 1895, Hyeon and Dohobu divisions were abolished. From 1910 to 1949, the term "prefecture" was used to translate Bu ( 부 ; 府 ). Since 1949 neither Hyeon nor Bu have been used, and there has been no division in either the South Korean or North Korean administrative system which translates as "prefecture". Mongolian prefectures ( Aimags ) were adopted during Qing dynasty's rule . Today these are usually translated as "provinces". In Morocco ,
3600-447: The northeast, Weifang to the west, and Rizhao to the southwest. The city occupies an area totaling 10,654 km (4,114 sq mi), and stretches in latitude from 35° 35' to 37° 09' N and in longitude from 119° 30' to 121° 00' E. The populated sections of the city are relatively flat while mountains spur up within city limits and nearby. The highest elevation in the city is located 1,133 meters (3,717 ft) above sea level . Of
3672-498: The other Chinese cities on the list being Shanghai , Hong Kong , Beijing , Shenzhen , Guangzhou , Chengdu , Nanjing , Xi'an , Tianjin , Hangzhou , Dalian , and Wuhan . In 2007, Qingdao was named as one of China's top ten cities by the Chinese Cities Brand Value Report, which was released at the 2007 Beijing Summit of China Cities Forum. In 2009, Qingdao was named China's most livable city by
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#17327984932523744-468: The port had become the world's sixth-busiest by Total Cargo Volume, having handled 372,000,000 metric tons (366,000,000 long tons; 410,000,000 short tons) of cargo in that year. As of 2016, it was the 8th in the world in terms of TEUs (Twenty Foot Equivalent Units). The Orient Ferry connects Qingdao with Shimonoseki , Japan. There are two ferry lines connecting Qingdao with South Korea . The New Golden Bridge II operates between Qingdao and Incheon , and
3816-407: The prefect - the appointed government representative - resides. In English, "prefecture" is used as the translation for todōfuken ( 都道府県 ) , which are the main subdivisions of Japan. They consist of 43 prefectures (県 ken) proper, two urban prefectures (府 fu, Osaka and Kyoto), one "circuit" or "territory" (道 dō, Hokkaido) and one "metropolis" (都 to, Tokyo). Before the end of World War II, the word
3888-589: The prefecture ( prefeitura or prefeitura municipal in Portuguese ) is the executive branch of the government of each Brazilian municipality ( município in Portuguese). The term also refers to the office of the mayor ( prefeito in Portuguese). The Central African Republic is divided into twenty prefectures . From 1836 until 2011, modern Greece was divided into nomoi ( Greek : νομοί , singular νομός , nomos ) which formed
3960-495: The prefecture as being the City Hall and the prefect as being the equivalent of a mayor and commissioner until recently; now the prefectures and prefect are analogous with the figure of Town Clerk . Global city A global city is a city that serves as a primary node in the global economic network. The concept originates from geography and urban studies , based on the thesis that globalization has created
4032-485: The recipient of large foreign investment and its port is a hub for local and international trade. South Korea and Japan in particular made extensive investments in the city. In terms of primary sector industries , Qingdao has an estimated 50,000 acres (200 km) of arable land . Qingdao has a zigzagging pattern coastline, and thus possesses an invaluable stock of fish, shrimp , and other sea resources. Qingdao's wind power electricity generation performs at among
4104-485: The relocation of Chinese dwellers along the coast. With the completion of such series of mass construction projects such as wharves, the Tsingtao-Jinan Railway Line, Tsingtao Railway Station and locomotive works, a city was starting to take shape. The area had the highest school density and highest per capita student enrollment in all of China, with primary, secondary and vocational schools funded by
4176-583: The source. Common features include a high degree of urban development , a large population, the presence of major multinational companies , a significant and globalized financial sector , a well-developed and internationally linked transportation infrastructure , local or national economic dominance, high quality educational and research institutions , and a globally influential output of ideas, innovations, or cultural products. Quintessential examples, based on most indices and research, include New York City , London , Paris , and Tokyo . The term 'global city'
4248-427: The strong export economy and relatively high family wages. There is a large Korean community in Qingdao. By 2009, there were approximately 100,000 Koreans working, studying and living in Qingdao, which makes Qingdao the second in terms of Korean population in China, following Beijing which has about 200,000 Koreans. According to the 2021 Qingdao Statistical Yearbook, the permanent resident population of Qingdao in 2020
4320-505: The term in 1915. The term ' megacity ' entered common use in the late 19th or early 20th century, the earliest known example being a publication by the University of Texas in 1904. In the 21st century, the terms are usually focused on a city's financial power and high technology infrastructure. Competing groups have devised competing means to classify and rank world cities and to distinguish them from other cities. Although there
4392-409: The total area of Qingdao, 15.5% is highland, while the foothill, plain, and lowland areas constitute 25.1%, 37.8%, and 21.7%, respectively. The city has a 730.64-kilometer (454.00 mi)-long coastline. Five significant rivers exceeding 50 kilometers (31 mi) in length can be found in the region. Qingdao has a temperate, four-season, monsoon -influenced climate that lies in the transition between
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#17327984932524464-503: The two areas more convenient. Qingdao (official name: Qingdao port international co. ltd.) hosts one of the world's busiest seaports . Cooperative relations have been established with 450 ports in 130 countries worldwide. The port of Qingdao is part of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road . In 2003, the annual cargo handling capacity exceeded 100 million tons for the first time. The number of containers reached 3.41 million twenty-foot equivalent units (TEU) of cargoes. By 2011,
4536-418: The urban population numbered 385,000(Lu 2001, p. 327). Tsingtao consequently distinguished itself as a prominent holiday resort and summer retreat. The development of Tsingtao urban space during the second Japan-occupied period (1938–1945). Japanese armed forces returned to Tsingtao in 1938 and started to strive for the construction of the Greater Tsingtao in the following June. Accordingly, they worked out
4608-574: The warships to conduct operations throughout the western Pacific . Beginning in January 1898, the marines of III. Seebataillon were based at Qingdao. Construction of the Jiaoji Railway began on 23 September 1899, and was completed in 1904. Before the outbreak of World War I (1914–1918), ships of the German naval forces under Admiral Count von Spee were located at central Pacific colonies on routine missions. The fleet then rendezvoused in
4680-475: The word "prefecture" is used to translate xian ( 縣 ). This unit of administration is translated as "county" when used in a contemporary context, because of the increase of the number of "xian" and the decrease of their sizes over time in the Chinese history. In the context of Chinese history during or after the Tang dynasty , the word "prefecture" is used to translate zhou (Wade–Giles chou ( 州 ), another ancient unit of administration in China, equivalent to
4752-735: The world's largest 1,000 cities based on 27 indicators across five categories (economics, human capital , quality of life , environment, and governance ) with more weight on economic factors. The top ranked cities in 2024 are: The Tokyo-based Institute for Urban Strategies at The Mori Memorial Foundation, issued a study of global cities in 2008. They are ranked in six categories: economy, research and development, cultural interaction, livability , environment, and accessibility, with 70 individual indicators among them. The top ten world cities are also ranked by subjective categories, including manager, researcher, artist, visitor and resident. The top 10 cities in 2023 are: Consultancy firm Resonance publishes
4824-692: The world-famous Tsingtao Brewery . German cultural and commercial influences extended to other areas of Shandong Province, including the establishment of diverse commercial enterprises. Identified by the German authorities as a strategically important port, Qingdao was administered by the Imperial Department of the Navy ( Reichsmarineamt ) rather than the Imperial Colonial Office ( Reichskolonialamt ). The growing Imperial German Navy based their East Asia Squadron there, allowing
4896-610: Was 10.1057 million, an increase of 182700 people compared to the previous year. In recent years, an important region in Eastern China, Shandong Province has seen substantial change in its economic landscape. Much of this development has been concentrated in Qingdao. Qingdao has seen rapid development. With an annual growth rate of 18.9 percent in 2006, the city's GDP reached 42.3 billion, ranking first in Shandong Province and tenth out of China's top 20 cities. GDP per capita comprised CN¥ 52,895 (US$ 7,616) in 2008. The GDP has grown steadily at an average pace of 16% annually. In 2006, Qingdao
4968-552: Was also used for overseas areas 庁 (chō)、州 (shu) and 道 (dō, in Korea). Until 1894 Hyeon ( Korean : 현 ; Hanja : 縣 ) was the lowest level administrative division in Korea and can be translated into "Petty Prefecture" in the modern sense. It was below Gun ( 군 , 郡 ; "county") in the administrative hierarchy. Dohobu ( 도호부 ; 都護府 ) was a higher level administrative division and can be translated into "Protectorate General", "Greater Prefecture", "Metropolitan Prefecture", or "Martial Prefecture" in
5040-413: Was located in the imperial province of Shandong ( alternately romanized as Shantung or Shan-tung ) on the southern coast of the Shandong Peninsula in northern China. Jiaozhou was alternatively romanized as Kiaochow, Kiauchau, or Kiao-Chau in English, and Kiautschou in German; Qingdao was its administrative center. "The so-called Marktstrasse (Market Street) was nothing more than the old main street of
5112-415: Was popularized by sociologist Saskia Sassen in her 1991 book, The Global City: New York, London, Tokyo . Before then, other terms were used for urban centers with roughly the same features. The term 'world city', meaning a city heavily involved in global trade, appeared in a May 1886 description of Liverpool , by The Illustrated London News ; British sociologist and geographer Patrick Geddes used
5184-464: Was ranked one of six "golden cities" by the World Bank, out of 120 Chinese cities assessed on factors including investment climate and government effectiveness. In 2018, Qingdao's GDP reached CN¥1200.15 billion, though it shrank a little in 2019. Internationally, Qingdao is perhaps best known for its Tsingtao Brewery , founded by a German-British joint venture in 1903 that produces Tsingtao beer ,
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