38-729: The Population Activities Unit (PAU) is a unit of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) under the Environment, Housing, and Land Management Division. The unit handles population -related issues in the member states of the UNECE and supports the implementation of the final documents of inter-governmental conferences on population issues, and contributing towards better-informed policy-making by organizing programmes of data collection and research. This United Nations –related article
76-461: A wide range of topics. The UNECE Statistical Division also provides technical assistance to South-East European, East European, Caucasus and Central Asian countries. The division also provides: UNECE conducted the Fertility and Family Survey in the 1990s in 23 member States, with over 150,000 participants, with hundreds of resulting scientific publications. This activity has hence continued in
114-644: Is a spa town in Cheb District in the Karlovy Vary Region of the Czech Republic . It has about 14,000 inhabitants. Most of the town's buildings come from its Golden Era in the second half of the 19th century, when many celebrities and top European rulers came to enjoy the curative carbon dioxide springs. The town centre with the spa cultural landscape is well preserved and is protected by law as an urban monument reservation . In 2021,
152-493: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . United Nations Economic Commission for Europe The United Nations Economic Commission for Europe ( ECE or UNECE ) is one of the five regional commissions under the jurisdiction of the United Nations Economic and Social Council . It was established in order to promote economic cooperation and integration among its member states . The commission
190-584: Is composed of 56 member states, most of which are based in Europe, as well as a few outside of Europe. Its transcontinental Eurasian or non-European member states include: Armenia , Azerbaijan , Canada , Cyprus , Georgia , Israel , Kazakhstan , Kyrgyzstan , the Russian Federation , Tajikistan , Turkey , Turkmenistan , the United States of America and Uzbekistan . The commission
228-554: Is located about 25 kilometres (16 mi) southeast of Cheb and 31 km (19 mi) southwest of Karlovy Vary . The municipal territory extends into three geomorphological regions : the eastern part lies in a hilly landscape of the Teplá Highlands , the southwestern part with most of the built-up area lies in a flat area of the Upper Palatine Forest Foothills , and the northern tip lies in
266-526: Is represented by the football team FC Viktoria Mariánské Lázně, founded in 1945. It plays in lower amateur tiers. Mariánské Lázně has a motorcycle speedway racing circuit. The venue, Mariánské Lázně Longtrack Speedway , hosted six Long Track World Champion finals from 1976 to 1994 and five rounds of Grand-Prix racing (the most recent in 2011). The town is known for the Royal Golf Club Mariánské Lázně . The top attraction of
304-754: The European Central Inland Transport Organization upon its founding. As the commission was established towards the beginning of the Cold War, it faced difficulties in achieving its mandate of economic reconstruction of Europe due to the Iron Curtain: separately the Organisation for European Economic Co-operation was established in 1948 in the west and the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance in 1949 in
342-590: The Přemyslid dynasty in the 12th century. Although the town itself is only about two hundred years old, the locality has been inhabited much longer. The first written record dates back to 1273, when there was a village of Úšovice. The springs first appear in a document dating from 1341 where they are called "the Auschowitzer springs" belonging to the Teplá Abbey . It was only through the efforts of Josef Nehr,
380-577: The Slavkov Forest . Most of the territory lies in the Slavkov Forest Protected Landscape Area. The Teplá River originates in the woods in the northeastern part of the municipal territory. The stream Kosový potok flows thorugh the southern part of Mariánské Lázně. Its tributary, the stream Úšovický potok, flows through the town proper. German settlers were called into this region by Bohemian rulers from
418-532: The Anglican Church designed by the notable Victorian architect William Burges and founded by Lady Anna Scott in memory of her husband who died in Mariánské Lázně in 1867. The church was constructed in 1879, shortly before Burges's own death. It is no longer in use as a place of worship and is now a concert hall. A number of notable people visited Mariánské Lázně, among them: Mariánské Lázně
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#1732787970452456-547: The Cross Spring ( Kreuzquelle, Křížový pramen ) was evaporated and the final product was sold as a laxative under the name of sal teplensis . The modern spa town was founded by the Teplá abbots, namely Karl Kaspar Reitenberger , who also bought some of the surrounding forests to protect them. The inhospitable marshland valley was changed into a park-like countryside with colonnades, neoclassical buildings and pavilions around
494-713: The European countries, both among themselves and with other countries of the world." It was established at the request of the United Nations General Assembly who called on the Economic and Social Council to create the commission, as well as the Commission for Asia and the Far East , in order to "give effective aid to countries devastated by war." ECE absorbed the function and resources of
532-656: The Palais des Nations, an event allowing mayors from the UNECE region to exchange their best practices on urban development, housing and land management. UNECE is the first UN Regional Economic Commission to implement such an initiative that facilitates the cooperation between the UN, Member States and cities. The UNECE Transport Division has been providing secretariat services to the World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations (WP.29). In addition to acting as secretariat to
570-592: The UNECE region and beyond through the Conference and its Bureau, and the Database of International Statistical Activities. The Statistical Division develops guidelines and training materials on statistical methodology and practices, in response to demands from member countries. It works with different groups of specialists from national and international statistical organizations, and organizes meetings and online forums for statistical experts to exchange experiences on
608-619: The World Forum, the Vehicle Regulations and Transport Innovations section serves as the secretariat of the Administrative Committee for the coordination of work, and of the administrative/executives committees of the three agreements on vehicles administered by the World Forum. Among other things, ITC has produced: The World Forum services three UN Agreements: The UNECE Statistical Division provides
646-453: The abbey's physician, who from 1779 until his death in 1820 worked hard to demonstrate the curative properties of the springs, that the waters began to be used for medicinal purposes. The place obtained its current name of Marienbad in 1808; became a watering-place in 1818, and received its charter as a town in 1868. By the early 20th century, approximately 1,000,000 bottles of mineral water were exported annually from Marienbad. The water from
684-578: The east. The work of the commission had to concern itself only with questions that were of common interest to East and West, as to not cause confrontation. However, since the fall of the Soviet Union, the economic commissions of the United Nations have been expanding their activities in the former Soviet republics. The following are the member states of the commission, along with their date of admission: The concern of UNECE with problems of
722-689: The energy sector in the region. The Expert Group on Resource Management created the United Nations Framework Classification for Resources , the first widely accepted natural resource management system for classifying, managing, and reporting energy, mineral, and raw material resources in the world. The United Smart Cities programme is a joint effort between UNECE and the Organization for International Economic Relations (OiER). Numerous private business entities and other international and European agencies support
760-516: The environment dates back at least to 1971, when the group of Senior Advisors to the UNECE governments on environmental issues was created which led to the establishment of the Committee on Environmental Policy, which now meets annually. The Committee provides collective policy direction in the area of environment and sustainable development, prepares ministerial meetings, develops international environmental law and supports international initiatives in
798-516: The ethnic German population of the town was forcibly expelled according to the Potsdam Agreement , thereby emptying the town of the majority of its population. After the communist coup-d'état in 1948 , it was sealed off from most of its foreign visitors. After the return of democracy in 1989 much effort was put into restoring the town to its original character. Today it is a spa town and a popular holiday resort thanks to its location among
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#1732787970452836-402: The exchange of information on forest working techniques and training of forest workers; periodic surveys of the long-term outlook on forests; technical work on the rational use of wood; reviewing forest product markets; and share experiences on forest and forest sector policy. In 1947, UNECE set up a Panel on Housing Problems, which later evolved into the Committee on Human Settlements and after
874-584: The form of the Generations and Gender Programme . The Sustainable Energy Division supports the UN's energy program, including security of energy supply, economics, and environmental protection, in the areas of energy efficiency , renewable energy, clean electricity, natural gas, coal, and resource classification. It is the secretariat responsible for Committee on Sustainable Energy and various expert groups supporting access to affordable and clean energy for all, as well as help reduce greenhouse gas emissions of
912-616: The green mountains of the Slavkovský les and the Český les , sports facilities (the town's first golf course was opened in 1905 by the British King Edward VII ) and the proximity to other spa towns, such as Karlovy Vary (Karlsbad) and Františkovy Lázně (Franzensbad). Until their expulsion in 1945, the majority of the population of the town were German . Afterwards, the Czechoslovak authorities repopulated
950-514: The international community, to harmonize environmental conditions and policies throughout the region and to stimulate greater involvement of the public and environmental discussions and decision-making. CEP is the overall governing body of UNECE environmental activities. The committee's work is based on several strategic pillars: The first task of UNECE after the Second World War was to coordinate reconstruction effort in Europe. Timber
988-565: The programme, including Environment Agency Austria (EAA), the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (RICS), UN-Habitat , and the International Society of City and Regional Planners (ISOCARP). The programme promotes areas of strategic smart city policy and development. The key focus areas as detailed by the programme are: The ECE secretariat has been characterized as a "strong" secretariat. The ECE secretariat
1026-525: The reform in 2005/2006 into the Committee on Housing and Land Management. The committee is an intergovernmental body of all UNECE member States. It provides a forum for the compilation, dissemination and exchange of information and experience on housing, urban development, and land administration policies; and in areas such as Birmingham, a more fiscal issue-UK. In 2020, the CUDHLM created the Forum of Mayors at
1064-460: The region. CEP works to support countries to enhance their environmental governance and transboundary cooperation as well as strengthen implementation of the UNECE regional environmental commitments and advance sustainable development in the region. Its main aim is to assess countries' efforts to reduce their overall pollution burden and manage their natural resources, to integrate environmental and socioeconomic policies, to strengthen cooperation with
1102-497: The secretariat for the Conference and its expert groups, and implements the statistical work programme of UNECE. The Conference brings together chief statisticians from national and international statistical organizations around the world, meaning that the word "European" in its name is no longer an accurate description of its geographical coverage. The Statistical Division helps member countries to strengthen their statistical systems, and coordinates international statistical activities in
1140-435: The springs. The name Marienbad first appeared in 1786; since 1865 it has been a town. Then came a second period of growth, the town's Golden Era. Between 1870 and 1914 many new hotels, colonnades and other buildings were constructed or rebuilt from older houses. In 1872 the town got a railway connection with the town of Cheb and thus with the whole Austro-Hungarian Empire and the rest of Europe. The town soon became one of
1178-429: The top European spas, popular with notable figures and rulers who often returned there . At that time, about 20,000 visitors came every year. It was also a popular resort and vacation venue for European rabbis and their Hasidic followers, accommodating their needs with kosher restaurants, religious prayer services, etc. Marienbad remained a popular destination between World War I and World War II . After World War II,
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1216-400: The town became part of the transnational UNESCO World Heritage Site under the name " Great Spa Towns of Europe " because of its springs and architectural testimony to the popularity of spa towns in Europe during the 18th through 20th centuries. The town is made up of the town parts and villages of Mariánské Lázně, Hamrníky, Chotěnov-Skláře, Kladská, Stanoviště and Úšovice. Mariánské Lázně
1254-412: The town is its 100 mineral springs (53 of them are tapped) with high carbon dioxide content and often also higher iron content, both in the town itself (40 springs) and its surroundings. The water in the springs has an average temperature of 7–10 °C, and is formed through interactions with the deep fault lines that run under the region. The mineral water is claimed to cure disorders of the kidneys and of
1292-456: The town with Czechs from the hinterland. Mariánské Lázně is located on three important railway lines: Prague–Cheb, Plzeň – Karlovy Vary and Františkovy Lázně – Bohumín . Mariánské Lázně Airport is situated on the southern border of the town. The town's public transport is operated mainly by trolleybuses and accompanied by buses servicing the neighbouring villages. There are four trolleybus lines and four bus lines in operation. The town
1330-466: The urinary tract, respiratory disorders, locomotive system disorders, metabolic disorders, oncological disorders and gynaecological disorders, including the treatment of sterility. Many of the springs have pavilions and colonnades built around them. Among them are: The total yield of all of the springs is roughly 600 liters per minute. Because of the diverse number of visitors the town is able to maintain churches of several denominations. These include
1368-580: Was crucial for construction, and energy, but the forests had been heavily overcut and production and trade were at a standstill. The ECE Timber Committee emerged from the International Timber Conference held in 1947 in Mariánské Lázně in the former Czechoslovakia. The main pillars of the committee's activities have been: the collection and publication of the best available statistics on forests, wood production and trade;
1406-596: Was first proposed in London in the summer of 1946 by the Temporary Subcommission on the Reconstruction of Devastated Areas. The commission was established by the Economic and Social Council on 28 March 1947 in order to "Initiate and participate in measures for facilitating concerted action for the economic reconstruction of Europe," as well as to "maintain and strengthen the economic relations of
1444-756: Was led by Gunnar Myrdal in its first decade. Myrdal refused efforts by the Soviet Union to dictate what staff would be employed in the secretariat. During this period, the secretariat sought to promote European integration efforts. From 1982 to 2007 the IOS Press published the Statistical Journal of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe on behalf of the UNECE. Mari%C3%A1nsk%C3%A9 L%C3%A1zn%C4%9B Mariánské Lázně ( Czech pronunciation: [ˈmarɪjaːnskɛː ˈlaːzɲɛ] ; German : Marienbad )
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