67-714: The Umfraville family were Anglo-Norman landowners, administrators and soldiers who were prominent from about 1120 to 1437 on the northern border of England , where they held the strategic lordships of Prudhoe and Redesdale in Northumberland . They held, for the English Crown, Tynedale to the Cumbrian Border up to the border with Scotland. It was in Scotland where the Umfravilles reached
134-569: A high (46 mark/~£31) fine for the secret killing of a Norman (or an unknown person who was, under the murdrum laws, presumed to be Norman unless proven otherwise). In order to secure Norman loyalty during his conquest, William I rewarded his loyal followers by taking English land and redistributing it to his knights, officials, and the Norman aristocracy. In turn, the English hated him, but the king retaliated ruthlessly with his military force to subdue
201-725: A lengthy campaign, and despite counties no longer being required for postal purposes, the Royal Mail agreed to re-create a postal county of Rutland in 2007. This was achieved in January 2008 by amending the former postal county for all of the Oakham ( LE15 ) post town and a small part of the Market Harborough (LE16) post town. The particular geology of the area has given its name to the Rutland Formation , which
268-651: A major activity of the family in England. Anglo-Normans The Anglo-Normans ( Norman : Anglo-Normaunds , Old English : Engel-Norðmandisca ) were the medieval ruling class in the Kingdom of England following the Norman Conquest . They were primarily a combination of Normans , Bretons , Flemings , Frenchmen , indigenous Anglo-Saxons and Celtic Britons . A small number of Normans had earlier befriended future Anglo-Saxon king of England , Edward
335-493: A population of 41,049, the second-smallest ceremonial county population after the City of London . The county is rural, and the only towns are Oakham (12,149) and Uppingham (4,745), both in the west of the county; the largest settlement in the east is the village of Ketton (1,926). For local government Rutland is a unitary authority area. The county is the smallest of the historic counties of England . The geography of Rutland
402-416: A revolution in military styles and methods. A lot of the old Anglo-Saxon military elite began to emigrate, especially the generation next younger to that defeated at Hastings, who had no particular future in a country controlled by the conquerors. William (and his son, William Rufus ), encouraged them to leave, as a security measure. The first to leave went mostly to Denmark and many of these moved on to join
469-742: A ruling class in England, distinct from (although intermarrying with) the native Anglo-Saxon and Celtic populations. Over time, their language evolved from the continental Old Norman to the distinct Anglo-Norman language . Anglo-Normans quickly established control over all of England, as well as parts of Wales (the Welsh-Normans ). After 1130, parts of southern and eastern Scotland came under Anglo-Norman rule (the Scots-Normans ), in return for their support of David I's conquest. The Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland from 1169 saw Anglo-Normans and Cambro-Normans conquer swaths of Ireland, becoming
536-649: A son Robert, who died before him. Succeeding his half-brother Gilbert IV in 1381, he married Joan, daughter of Adam Roddam, and had two sons Thomas II and Robert IV. Succeeding his father Thomas I in 1387, he married Agnes (died 1420), daughter of Sir Thomas Grey and his wife Margaret Pressene, and had a son Gilbert V. A daughter Maud married Sir William Ryther, of Ryther . He died on 12 February 1391. Succeeding his father Thomas II in 1391, in 1413 he married Anne, daughter of Ralph Nevill, 1st Earl of Westmorland , and his wife Margaret, daughter of Hugh Stafford, 2nd Earl of Stafford . They had no children, and he died fighting
603-548: A speed of 125.55 mph (202.05 km/h). Rutland was the last county in England without a direct rail service to London (apart from the Isle of Wight and several administrative counties which are unitary authorities). East Midlands Trains started running a single service from Oakham railway station to London St Pancras via Corby on 27 April 2009. Through the Rutland Electric Car Project, Rutland
670-431: A wealthy magnate. Succeeding his father Odinel II in 1182, he left no children. Succeeding his brother Robert II around 1195, he was among the northern barons who resisted the exactions of King John and came under suspicion of treachery, being required in 1212 to hand over to the king his sons and his castle of Prudhoe. By 1216 he joined the rebels fighting John and his lands were forfeit, though he later made peace with
737-535: A week for 30 minutes. In 2012, the well-being report by the Office for National Statistics found Rutland to be the "happiest county" in the mainland UK. A small part of the East Coast Main Line passes through Rutland's north-east corner, near Essendine . It was on this stretch that a train pulled by the locomotive Mallard set the world speed record for steam locomotives on 3 July 1938, with
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#1732786814736804-541: Is a limestone quarry near Ketton. Rutland is referred to as Roteland in the Domesday Book (completed in 1087). The name means "land belonging to Rōta", with Rōta being an Old English personal name, that meant 'the pleasant or cheerful one'. Earl of Rutland and Duke of Rutland are titles in the peerage of England held in the Manners family, derived from the historic county of Rutland. The Earl of Rutland
871-631: Is characterised by low, rolling hills, the highest of which is a 197 m (646 ft) point in Cold Overton Park . Rutland Water was created in the centre of the county in the 1970s; the reservoir is a nature reserve that serves as an overwintering site for wildfowl and a breeding site for ospreys . The older buildings in the county are built from local limestone or ironstone , with many having roofs of Collyweston stone slate or thatch . Rutland has little evidence of Prehistoric settlement. A Roman mosaic and probable farming complex
938-615: Is generally treated as part of Leicestershire . Rutland County Council is a unitary authority and is responsible for almost all local services in Rutland, with the exception of the Leicestershire Fire and Rescue Service and Leicestershire Police, which are run by joint boards with Leicestershire County Council and Leicester City Council. Following the 2023 council elections , the Liberal Democrats emerged as
1005-467: Is in the Vale of Catmose . Rutland Water, when construction started in 1971, became Europe's largest man-made lake; construction was completed in 1975, and filling the lake took a further four years. This has been voted Rutland's favourite tourist attraction. The highest point of the county is at Cold Overton Park (historically part of Flitteriss Park ) at 197 m (646 ft) above sea level close to
1072-638: Is now the Melton borough , as Rutland did not meet the requirement of having a population of at least 40,000. The revised and implemented proposals allowed Rutland to be exempt from this. In 1994, the Local Government Commission for England , which was conducting a structural review of English local government, recommended that Rutland become a unitary authority . This was implemented on 1 April 1997, when Rutland County Council became responsible for almost all local services in Rutland, with
1139-524: Is taken to be the father of Odinel I and Gilbert I. Succeeding his father Robert I in England, he was also active in Scotland, being associated there with King David I and his grandson King Malcolm IV . He left no children. Succeeding his brother Odinel I after 1166, he had made his career mostly in Scotland, and was presumably the father of Odinel II. Succeeding his presumed father Gilbert I after 1175, he had been raised in Scotland, initially serving in
1206-532: Is used to describe them by leading late medievalists such as Seán Duffy. They increasingly integrated with the local Celtic nobility through intermarriage and some accepted aspects of Celtic culture , especially outside the Pale around Dublin . They are known as Old English , but this term came into use to describe them only in 1580, i.e., over four centuries after the first Normans arrived in Ireland. The Carol
1273-732: The Irish-Normans . The composite expression regno Norman-Anglorum for the Anglo-Norman kingdom that comprises Normandy and England appears contemporaneously only in the Hyde Chronicle . After the Norman Conquest of 1066, many of the Anglo-Saxon nobles lost lands and titles; the lesser thegns and others found themselves dispossessed of lands and titles. A number of free geburs had their rights and court access much decreased, becoming unfree villeins , despite
1340-502: The Ketton Rural District . Oakham Urban District was created from Oakham Rural District in 1911. It was subsequently abolished in 1974. Rutland was included in the "East Midlands General Review Area" of the 1958–67 Local Government Commission for England . Draft recommendations would have seen Rutland split, with Ketton Rural District going along with Stamford to a new administrative county of Cambridgeshire , and
1407-771: The Oakham Rural District and Uppingham Rural District , with the two parishes from Oakham RSD in Leicestershire becoming part of the Melton Mowbray Rural District , the nine parishes of Uppingham RSD in Leicestershire becoming the Hallaton Rural District , and the six parishes of Uppingham RSD in Northamptonshire becoming Gretton Rural District . Meanwhile, that part of Stamford RSD in Rutland became
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#17327868147361474-562: The Rutland and Melton constituency along with Melton borough and part of Harborough district from Leicestershire. Further to the completion of the 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies , Rutland and Stamford was re-established for the 2024 general election . As of the 2024 general election, Alicia Kearns of the Conservative Party is the member of parliament for Rutland and Stamford, having received 43.7% of
1541-679: The Varangian Guard in Constantinople . The Anglo-Saxons as a whole, for practical reason, however were not demilitarised. Instead, William arranged for the Saxon infantry to be trained up by Norman cavalry in anti- cavalry tactics . This led quickly to the establishment of an Anglo-Norman army made up of Norman horsemen of noble blood, Saxon infantrymen often of equally noble blood, assimilated English freemen as rank-and-file, and foreign mercenaries and adventurers from other parts of
1608-509: The 12th century, initially to support Irish regional kings such as Diarmuid Mac Murchadha whose name has arrived in modern English as Dermot MacMurrough . Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke , known as "Strongbow", was the leader of the Anglo-Norman Knights whom MacMurrough had requested of Henry II of England to help him to re-establish himself as King of Leinster. Strongbow died a very short time after invading Ireland but
1675-476: The 2021 Census was: In 2006 it was reported that Rutland has the highest fertility rate of any English county – the average woman having 2.81 children, compared with only 1.67 in Tyne and Wear . In December 2006, Sport England published a survey which revealed that residents of Rutland were the 6th most active in England in sports and other fitness activities. 27.4% of the population participate at least 3 times
1742-436: The 2021 Census, the demographics for the county were recorded as follow: Rutland had a recorded population of 41,049 at the 2021 census, an increase from the previous population recorded of 37,369 at the 2011 census and 34,563 at the 2001 census. In the 2021 Census, there was an estimated 21,072 men and 19,977 women living in Rutland. The county had an ethnicity makeup at the 2021 Census of: The county's religious makeup at
1809-530: The Anglo-Norman nobility took up places in the Scottish aristocracy and he introduced a system of feudal land tenure, which produced knight service , castles and an available body of heavily armed cavalry. He created an Anglo-Norman style of court, introduced the office of justiciar to oversee justice, and local offices of sheriffs to administer localities. He established the first royal burghs in Scotland, granting rights to particular settlements, which led to
1876-602: The Confessor , during his exile in his mother's homeland of Normandy in northern France. When he returned to England, some of them went with him; as such, there were Normans already settled in England before the conquest. Edward's successor, Harold Godwinson , was defeated by Duke William the Conqueror of Normandy at the Battle of Hastings , leading to William's accession to the English throne. The victorious Normans formed
1943-514: The Continent. The younger Norman aristocracy showed a tendency towards Anglicisation, adopting such Saxon styles as long hair and moustaches, upsetting the older generation. (The Anglo-Saxon cniht did not take the sense of the French chevalier before the latest period of Middle English. John Wycliffe (1380s) uses the term knyytis generically for men-at-arms, and only in the 15th century did
2010-458: The French at Baugé in 1421. Succeeding his nephew Gilbert V in 1421, his wife was named Isabel and they had no children. He was the last of the family and his lands passed to Sir William Tailboys , a remote cousin. In 1245 the Umfraville arms were recorded as: gules, a cinquefoil pierced or in a bordure azure, the bordure being sometimes shown charged with horseshoes . Horse breeding was
2077-541: The Langham brewery it was unable to take advantage of the registration. However, in 2010 a Rutland Bitter was launched by Oakham's Grainstore Brewery . It is 348th out of 354 on the Indices of Deprivation for England, showing it to be one of the least economically deprived areas in the country. In March 2007, Rutland became only the fourth Fairtrade county. This is a chart of trend of regional gross value added of
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2144-749: The Rutland Formation is a formation called the Lincolnshire limestone . The best exposure of this limestone (and also the Rutland Formation) is at the Ketton Cement Works quarry just outside Ketton . Rutland is dominated by Rutland Water , a large artificial lake formerly known as "Empingham Reservoir", in the middle of the county, which is almost bisected by the Hambleton Peninsula . The west part
2211-520: The author lives. Adam Croft is writing the Rutland crime series, beginning with What Lies Beneath (2020). Rutland was the last county in England without a McDonald's restaurant. However, in January 2020 a planning application for a McDonald's restaurant on the outskirts of Oakham was approved by the County Council and the restaurant opened on 4 November 2020. Rutland's traditions include: Harington School provides post-16 education in
2278-410: The children's TV series Blue Peter . Agriculture thrives with much wheat farming on the rich soil. Tourism continues to grow. The Ruddles Brewery was Langham's biggest industry until it was closed in 1997. Rutland bitter is one of only three UK beers to have achieved Protected Geographical Indication status; this followed an application by Ruddles. When Greene King, the owners of Ruddles, closed
2345-529: The conflict (as did the de Brus family). Perhaps coming from the French village of Offranville ( Ulfranville 1087–88; Apud Wlfranvillam ab. 1130; Ulfranvilla before 1164; W. de Hunffranvilla before 1164; Apud Unfranvillam 1155; Wulfranvilla 1177; Apud Unfranvillam 1178; Wlfranvilla 1202; Apud Vulfranvillam 1188–89; O. de Umfranvile [var. Unfrenivile et Unfrenvile ]; O. de Humfravile end 12th century) in Normandy . Another hypothesis links
2412-486: The conquest include William Pece, Richard Juvenis and Odo, a Norman knight. Eventually, even this distinction largely disappeared in the course of the Hundred Years War (1337–1453), and by the 14th century Normans identified themselves as English, having been fully assimilated into the emerging English population. The Normans also led excursions into Wales from England and built multiple fortifications as it
2479-549: The crown now passing down the main line of descent through primogeniture, leading to the first of a series of minorities. Rutland Rutland ( / ˈ r ʌ t l ə n d / ) is a ceremonial county in the East Midlands of England. It borders Leicestershire to the north and west, Lincolnshire to the north-east, and Northamptonshire to the south-west. Oakham is the largest town and county town . Rutland has an area of 382 km (147 sq mi) and
2546-535: The development of the first true Scottish towns and helped facilitate economic development as did the introduction of the first recorded Scottish coinage. He continued a process begun by his mother and brothers, of helping to establish foundations that brought the reformed monasticism based on that at Cluny . He also played a part in the organisation of diocese on lines closer to those in the rest of Western Europe. These reforms were pursued under his successors and grandchildren Malcolm IV of Scotland and William I , with
2613-912: The eastern part in Stamford RSD was included in the Lincolnshire registration county. Under the Poor Laws, Oakham Union workhouse was built in 1836–37 at a site to the north-east of the town, with room for 100 paupers. The building later operated as the Catmose Vale Hospital, and now forms part of the Oakham School . In 1894 under the Local Government Act 1894 the rural sanitary districts were partitioned along county boundaries to form three rural districts . The part of Oakham and Uppingham RSDs in Rutland formed
2680-458: The end of March 2011 after a riot and government review but, having been purchased by Rutland County Council, has now been turned into Oakham Enterprise Park . The county used to supply iron ore to Corby steel works but these quarries closed in the 1960s and early 1970s resulting in the famous walk of " Sundew " (the Exton quarries' large walking dragline) from Exton to Corby, which even featured on
2747-553: The exception of the Leicestershire Fire and Rescue Service and Leicestershire Police , which are run by joint boards with Leicestershire County Council and Leicester City Council . Rutland regained a separate lieutenancy and shrievalty , and thus also regained status as a ceremonial county . Rutland was a postal county until the Royal Mail integrated it into the Leicestershire postal county in 1974. After
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2814-719: The fact that this status did not exist in Normandy itself (compared to other "French" regions). At the same time, many of the new Norman and Northern-France magnates were distributed lands by the King that had been taken from the English nobles. Some of these magnates used their original French-derived names, with the prefix 'de,' meaning they were lords of the old fiefs in France , and some instead dropped their original names and took their names from new English holdings. [1] [2] The Norman conquest of England brought Britain and Ireland into
2881-794: The founder of the family in England was Robert de Umfraville, called Robert "with the Beard" ( cum Barba ), who came into England with William the Conqueror . There is a possible connection with another Umfraville family in Glamorgan . Traditions of their origins and early exploits appearing in past writers are fanciful. The first historical member of the family, he held the lordships of Prudhoe and Redesdale for King Henry I in England and also acquired interests in Scotland. Associated there with King David I and his son Henry, lands in Stirlingshire held by his descendants were probably granted then. He
2948-691: The government of King Henry III . With a wife whose name is unknown he had at least four sons, including Gilbert II, and two daughters. Succeeding his father Richard in 1226, his first wife was Tiffany, a member of the Balliol family. After she died, in 1243 he married Maud , widow of John Comyn and daughter of Malcolm, Earl of Angus , who was the mother of his only son, Gilbert III. He is usually called Earl of Angus in right of his wife, who remarried after his death. Succeeding his father Gilbert II in 1245 while still an infant, he married Elizabeth, daughter of Alexander Comyn, Earl of Buchan and their second son
3015-828: The highest percentage (30.8%) work in Public Administration, Education and Health, closely followed by 29.7% in Distribution, Hotels and Restaurants and 16.7% in Manufacturing industries. Significant employers include Lands' End in Oakham and the Ketton Cement Works. Other employers in Rutland include two Ministry of Defence bases – Kendrew Barracks (formerly RAF Cottesmore ) and St George's Barracks (previously RAF North Luffenham ), two public schools – Oakham and Uppingham – and one prison, Stocken . The former Ashwell prison closed at
3082-551: The household of King William I . He married Alice, daughter of the justiciar Richard Lucy , and had four or five sons, including Robert II and Richard, and at least three daughters, one being Alice who married William Bertram of Mitford . At his death in 1182 his estates in Northumberland alone were valued at nearly £60 a year and other English lands in Yorkshire , Suffolk , and Rutland may have doubled that, making him
3149-497: The largest group and subsequently formed a cabinet led by Gale Waller. As from the May 2019 elections, there are 27 councillors representing 15 wards on Rutland County Council. They represent a mixture of one, two and three-person wards. Rutland formed a Parliamentary constituency on its own until 1918, when it became part of the Rutland and Stamford constituency, along with Stamford in Lincolnshire. Since 1983 it has formed part of
3216-418: The men he brought with him remained to support Henry II of England and his son John as Lord of Ireland . Chief among the early Anglo-Norman settlers was Theobald Walter (surname Butler) appointed hereditary chief Butler of Ireland in 1177 by King Henry II and founder of one of the oldest remaining British dignities. Most of these Normans came from Wales, not England, and thus the epithet ' Cambro-Normans '
3283-502: The name with one or the other Amfrevilles in Normandy such as Amfreville-la-Mi-Voie near Rouen mentioned variously in the Middle Ages as Onfreville (1217); Offravilla (1282); Onfreville (1291); Onffreville (1319); Onfrevilla (1337); Onffreville-la-mi-voie (1395); Saint Rémy d'Unfreville la mivoie (2-6-1466) or Amfréville (Calvados) cited as Unfarvilla (1277) and Onfreville (1371). According to Mark Antony Lower ,
3350-452: The non-metropolitan county of Leicestershire and Rutland at current basic prices with figures in millions of British Pounds Sterling. ^ includes hunting and forestry ^ includes energy and construction ^ includes financial intermediation services indirectly measured ^ Components may not sum to totals due to rounding. As far as the NHS is concerned Rutland
3417-592: The novel Ivanhoe by Sir Walter Scott . Some residual ill-feeling is suggested by contemporary historian Orderic Vitalis , who in Ecclesiastical Historii (1125) wrote in praise of native English resistance to "William the Bastard" ( William I of England ). In addition, a fine called the " murdrum ", originally introduced to English law by the Danes under Canute , was revived, imposing on villages
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#17327868147363484-719: The orbit of the European continent, especially what remained of Roman-influenced language and culture. The England emerging from the Conquest owed a debt to the Romance languages and the culture of ancient Rome . It transmitted itself in the emerging feudal world that took its place. That heritage can be discerned in language, incorporating the French language and the Roman past, and in the emerging Romanesque (Norman) architecture. [3] [4] The Norman conquest of England also signalled
3551-427: The pinnacle of their power. As a prominent border landowning family, it is likely that they were invited, along with dozens of other Anglo-Norman knights, administrators, and warlords to settle in Scotland by David I of Scotland as part of his policy of modernising Scotland by introducing feudalism , now known as the Davidian Revolution by historians. The Umfravilles, who were granted lands in Stirlingshire , were by
3618-547: The rebellions and discontentment. Mike Ashley writes on this subject; "he [William I] may have conquered them [the English], but he never ruled them ". Not all of the Anglo-Saxons immediately accepted him as their legitimate king. Whatever the level of dispute, over time, the two populations intermarried and merged. This began soon after the conquest. Tenants-in-chief following the conquest who married English women included Geofrey de la Guerche, Walter of Dounai and Robert d'Oilly. Other Norman aristocrats with English wives following
3685-441: The third generation established as members of Court and for three generations became Mormaer of Angus through marriage into the Scots-Gaelic aristocracy. The split loyalties between the Kings of Scotland and the Kings of England meant the family frequently found itself as unsettled as the border and this came to a head during the Wars of Scottish Independence where they fought for both Scotland and England at various points of
3752-423: The time of the 19th century it had been divided into the hundreds of Alstoe , East Rutland, Martinsley, Oakham and Wrandike. Rutland covered parts of three poor law unions and rural sanitary districts (RSDs): those of Oakham, Uppingham and Stamford. The registration county of Rutland contained the entirety of Oakham and Uppingham RSDs, which included several parishes in Leicestershire and Northamptonshire –
3819-399: The vote. The county comprises 57 civil parishes , which range considerably in size and population, from Martinsthorpe (nil population) to Oakham (10,922 residents in the 2011 census). The population in the 2011 Census was 37,369, a rise of 8% on the 2001 total of 34,563. The population saw a nearly 1% increase in the population at the 2021 Census with a recorded population of 41,049. At
3886-399: The west border ( OS Grid reference: SK8271708539). The lowest point is close to the east border, in secluded farmland at North Lodge Farm, northeast of Belmesthorpe , at just 17 m (56 feet) above sea level (OS Grid reference: TF056611122); this corner of the county is on the edge of The Fens and is drained by the West Glen . There are 17,000 people of working age in Rutland, of which
3953-399: The western part added to Leicestershire . The final proposals were less radical and instead proposed that Rutland become a single rural district within the administrative county of Leicestershire. Rutland became a non-metropolitan district of Leicestershire under the Local Government Act 1972 , which took effect on 1 April 1974. The original proposal was for Rutland to be merged with what
4020-436: The word acquire the overtones of a noble cavalryman corresponding to the meaning of chevalier ). The Anglo-Norman conquest in the 12th century brought Norman customs and culture to Ireland. The degree of subsequent Norman-Saxon conflict (as a matter of conflicting social identities) is a question disputed by historians. The 19th-century view was of intense mutual resentment, reflected in the popular legends of Robin Hood and
4087-455: Was Robert III. His effigy can be seen in Hexham Abbey Succeeding his father Gilbert III in 1307, he married first Lucy, daughter of Sir Philip Kyme, and secondly Eleanor, daughter of Robert Lumley. With his first wife he had a son Gilbert IV and with his second wife a son Thomas I. Succeeding his father Robert III in 1325, he married first Joan, daughter of Sir Robert Willoughby, and secondly Maud, daughter of Sir Thomas Lucy. With Joan he had
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#17327868147364154-449: Was a popular Norman dance in which the leader sang and was surrounded by a circle of dancers who replied with the same song. This Norman dance was performed in conquered Irish towns. David I , who had spent most of his life as an English baron, became king of Scotland in 1124. His reign saw what has been characterised as a "Davidian Revolution", by which native institutions and personnel were replaced by English and French ones. Members of
4221-403: Was discovered west of Ketton. The area now known as Rutland was settled by the Angles from the 5th century and later formed part of the kingdom of Mercia . Rutland was first mentioned as a distinct county in 1179. During the High Middle Ages much of it was forested and used as hunting grounds. The wool trade was important during the 16th century. Rutland's main industry is agriculture. There
4288-414: Was elevated to the status of Duke in 1703 and the titles were merged. The family seat is Belvoir Castle , Leicestershire. The office of High Sheriff of Rutland was instituted in 1129, and there has been a Lord Lieutenant of Rutland since at least 1559. Oakham Castle was built c. 1180 –1190 and is "one of the nation’s best-preserved Norman buildings" and is a Grade I listed building . By
4355-422: Was formed from muds and sand carried down by rivers and occurring as bands of different colours, each with many fossil shells at the bottom. The formation has also preserved a well-preserved specimen of the sauropod dinosaur Cetiosaurus oxienensis at Great Casterton , currently on display at Leicester Museum & Art Gallery . At the bottom of the Rutland Formation is a bed of dirty white sandy silt. Under
4422-617: Was one of William's ambitions to subdue the Welsh as well as the English, however, he was not entirely successful. Afterward, however, the border area known as the Marches was set up and Norman influence increased steadily. Encouraged by the invasion, monks (usually from France or Normandy ) such as the Cistercian Order also set up monasteries throughout Wales. By the 15th century a large number of Welsh gentry, including Owain Glyndŵr , had some Norman ancestry. The majority of knights who invaded Ireland were also from or based in Wales (see below). Anglo-Norman barons also settled in Ireland from
4489-507: Was the first county to offer a county-wide public electric-vehicle charging network. Rutland's small size has led to a number of humorous references such as Rutland Weekend Television , a television comedy sketch series hosted by Eric Idle . The county is the supposed home of the parody rock band The Rutles , who first appeared on Rutland Weekend Television . The events in several Peter F. Hamilton books (including Misspent Youth and Mindstar Rising ) are situated in Rutland, where
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