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25-409: The Ulch people descend from the autochthonous Paleolithic population of coastal Northeast Asia and were found to be very similar to ancient samples found in this region from about 8000 years ago. The Ulch people are often classified as one of the ancient Paleosiberian peoples , which is however not an ethno-linguistic group but a term applied to various ethnic groups of Siberia which do not belong to

50-481: A devil's fur earmuffs were worn under such a hat. In the summer they used birch bark hats. Shoes were made of fish, deer and elk leather (rovduga), seal and sea lion leather. The term "shaved-head people" was used to describe the Nanai people by Ulch people. According to Sukernik et al. (2012), the mitochondrial DNA of the present-day Ulchi population belongs predominantly to haplogroup Y1a (69/160 = 43.1%), which

75-492: Is found in the region's far north. Summer and winter temperatures are highly contrasted. It is also a mountainous area. Haplogroup C (mtDNA) In human mitochondrial genetics , Haplogroup C is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup . Haplogroup C is believed to have arisen in East Asia some 24,000 years before present. It is a descendant of the haplogroup M . Haplogroup C shares six mutations downstream of

100-524: Is one of five mtDNA haplogroups found in the indigenous peoples of the Americas , the others being A , B , D , and X . The subclades C1b, C1c, C1d, and C4c are found in the first people of the Americas. C1a is found only in Asia. In 2010, Icelandic researchers discovered C1e lineage in their home country, estimating an introduction date of year 1700 AD or earlier, indicating a possible introduction during

125-466: Is one of the most important economic regions of the world, accounting for 25.3% of the world's nominal GDP in 2019, which is slightly larger than the United States. It is also one of the major political centers and has significant influence on international affairs. By the end of the 1990s, Northeast Asia had a share of 12% of the global energy consumption , with a strong increasing trend. By 2030,

150-434: Is shared with Nivkhs, Koryaks, Evens, and Mongolians and is estimated to have a time to most recent common ancestor of approximately 6,000 (95% CI 3,300 <-> 8,800) years before present on the basis of complete genomes or approximately 1,800 (95% CI 800 <-> 2,900) years before present on the basis of synonymous positions. Another 20% of the present-day Ulchi population belongs to mitochondrial DNA haplogroup D , which

175-558: Is significantly more diverse than their haplogroup Y1a mtDNA and can be resolved as follows: 12/160 = 7.5% D4o2, 4/160 = 2.5% D4h, 3/160 = 1.9% D4e4, 3/160 = 1.9% D4j, 2/160 = 1.25% D3, 2/160 = 1.25% D4c2, 1/160 = 0.6% D4a1, 1/160 = 0.6% D4b2b, 1/160 = 0.6% D4g2b, 1/160 = 0.6% D4m2, 1/160 = 0.6% D4o1, 1/160 = 0.6% D5a. Haplogroups C (20/160 = 12.5%, including 11/160 = 6.9% C5, 5/160 = 3.1% C4b, 3/160 = 1.9% C4a1, 1/160 = 0.6% C1a) and G (14/160 = 8.75%, including 12/160 = 7.5% G1b and 2/160 = 1.25% G2a1) are also well represented. The remainder of

200-956: The Japanese Archipelago , the Korean Peninsula , the Mongolian Plateau , the Northeast China Plain , and the mountainous regions of the Russian Far East , stretching from the Lena River in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east. The definition of Northeast Asia is not static but often changes according to the context in which it is discussed. The subregion of Northeast Asia comprises China , Japan , and Korea , usually also including Mongolia and Siberia . Parts or

225-459: The Viking expeditions to the Americas . A Native American origin for this C1e lineage is likely, but the researchers note that a European or Asian one cannot be ruled out. In 2014, a study discovered a new mtDNA subclade C1f from the remains of 3 people found in north-western Russia and dated to 7,500 years ago. It has not been detected in modern populations. The study proposed the hypothesis that

250-613: The "hagdu", was a ground frame structure made of pillars and logs with a gable roof without a ceiling, and an earthen or clay floor. The house was heated by two kanovye hearths. In extreme cold, the Ulch also used large metal braziers on three legs with burning coals. A characteristic feature of the Ulch winter dwelling is the presence of a "dog table", or uycheu - a low platform on which sled dogs were fed. Summer dwellings were of two types - quadrangular made of poles with gable roofs, covered with bark (daura) and pile letniki (gengga). While fishing,

275-597: The East Asian component of Native Americans. But there is evidence of gene flow from Central Asian and Far East populations over the past 1000 to 3000 years. 6.0% of modern Ulchi also share an ancestral component unique to a 2500-year-old Jōmon individual. The Ulch language belongs to the southern (Amur) branch of the Tungusic languages . Along with the languages of the Nanai people and the Oroks , it contains relics of

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300-612: The MRCA of haplogroup M with haplogroup Z and five mutations downstream of the MRCA of haplogroup M with other members of haplogroup M8. This macro-haplogroup is known as haplogroup M8'CZ or simply as haplogroup M8 . Haplogroup C is found in Northeast Asia (including Siberia ) and the Americas . In Eurasia, Haplogroup C is especially frequent among populations of arctic Siberia , such as Nganasans , Dolgans , Yakuts , Evenks , Evens , Yukaghirs , and Koryaks . Haplogroup C

325-755: The Ulchi are linked to 7,700 year old remains from Chertovy Vorota Cave ("Devil's Gate") and are also genetically similar to an East Asian genetic component within Native Americans . The Ulchi do not appear to have originally possessed the " Ancient North Eurasian " (ANE) genetic component found in low frequency in Native Americans and Central Asian , as well as in higher percentage in South Asian , and West Eurasian (European and Middle Eastern ) populations; and thus are suggested to represent

350-536: The Ulchi built small cylindrical huts. Fishing is the main branch of their traditional economic complex. Their most important food source was the anadromous salmon. The needs of their catch largely determined the settlement pattern of the Ulchi - along the right bank of the main channel of the Amur , on the main routes of the salmon returning to their spawning grounds. The traditional fishing equipment consisted of gear nets, rides, hook tackle, different types of stocks and

375-500: The Ulchi mitochondrial DNA pool consists of haplogroups N9b (7/160 = 4.4%), M8a (6/160 = 3.75%), F1a (5/160 = 3.1%), M7 (4/160 = 2.5%), M9a1 (1/160 = 0.6%), Z1 (1/160 = 0.6%), and B5b2 (1/160 = 0.6%). According to a study by Balanovska et al. (2018), present-day Ulchi males belong to Y-DNA haplogroups C-M217(xM48, M407) (18/52 = 34.6%), C-M48 (18/52 = 34.6%, including 9/52 = 17.3% C-M86/F12355(xB470, F13686), 4/52 = 7.7% C-F13686, 1/52 = 1.9% C-B470, and 4/52 = 7.7% C-B93(xGG_16645386),

400-506: The ancient pre-Tungusic " Amuric " vocabulary, which makes it possible to consider the ancestors of the Ulchi as one of the most ancient inhabitants of the Amur region. The traditional religion of the Ulchi, as well as of other peoples of the Amur region, is expressed by animism and shamanism . A large role in the social life of the Ulchi is their system of cults of family and ancestors ( ancestor worship ). Their religion bears similarities to

425-559: The bigger Northeast Asian populations (such as Turkic, Mongolic and Tungusic populations). Others classify them as one of the Tungusic peoples as their language belongs to the Tungusic languages . The first mention of the Ulchi is from the Russians and dates back to the 17th century. The Ulchi led a sedentary lifestyle in small villages of two to five houses. The villages had both winter and summer dwellings. The ancient winter dwelling,

450-579: The end of the 19th century, sable was already rare on the Amur, so they went on long expeditions to Sakhalin , to the basins of the Amgun , Gorin and Tumnin  [ ru ] , on the coast of the Tatar Strait and on Hokkaido . Ungulates (elk, deer) were hunted all year round using crossbows. Hunting for sea animals also played a significant role in their economic life, and they caught seals and sea lions. The upper summer clothing for men and women

475-421: The last of which is a deeply divergent branch belonging to C-M48(xM86)), O-M175 (8/52 = 15.4%, including 6/52 = 11.5% O-M122(xP201) , 1/52 = 1.9% O-M119 , and 1/52 = 1.9% O-P31 ), Q-M242(xM120) (3/52 = 5.8%), N-M231 (3/52 = 5.8%, including 1/52 = 1.9% N-M231(xM128, P43, M178), 1/52 = 1.9% N-M2118, and 1/52 = 1.9% N-B479), I-P37 (1/52 = 1.9%), and J–M267(xP58) (1/52 = 1.9%). The population genetics of

500-539: The like. Each of them was used, depending on the season, weather conditions, water level in the river, fishing objects, and many other characteristics. Fish were caught both for daily consumption and for storage. The main method of preserving the catch was to make yukola - fish dried in the wind and sun in the form of thin long plates. Hunting was of secondary importance, mostly fur animals, since furs were in great demand among traders. They mostly hunted Siberian rabbit, squirrel, otter, fox, and most importantly, sable. At

525-697: The major economic growth in the region is expected to double or triple this share. In biogeography , Northeast Asia generally refers roughly to the area spanning the Japanese Archipelago, the Korean Peninsula, Northeast China, and the Russian Far East between Lake Baikal in southern Siberia and the Pacific Ocean . Northeast Asia is mainly covered by temperate forest , taiga , and the Eurasian Steppe , while tundra

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550-534: The religion of the Nivkh people and Ainu people . Northeast Asia Northeast Asia or Northeastern Asia is a geographical subregion of Asia . Its northeastern landmass and islands are bounded by the North Pacific Ocean . The term Northeast Asia was popularized during the 1930s by American historian and political scientist Robert Kerner. Under Kerner's definition, "Northeast Asia" includes

575-506: The sister C1e and C1f subclades had split early from the most recent common ancestor of the C1 clade and had evolved independently. Subclade C1e had a northern European origin. Iceland was settled by the Vikings 1,130 years ago and they had raided heavily into western Russia, where the sister subclade C1f is now known to have resided. They proposed that both subclades were brought to Iceland through

600-491: The whole of northern China are also frequently included in sources. The Economic Research Institute for Northeast Asia defines the region as China, Japan, Korea, Mongolia, and Russia . Prominent cities in this area include Busan , Changchun , Dalian , Harbin , Hiroshima , Incheon , Khabarovsk , Kitakyushu , Kobe , Kyoto , Nagasaki , Nagoya , Osaka , Pyongyang , Sapporo , Seoul , Shenyang , Tokyo , Ulaanbaatar , Vladivostok , and Yokohama . Northeast Asia

625-400: Was kimono-cut cloth capchum robes with a left hem that was fastened on the right side. Ornaments on men's clothing were rare. Winter clothing was insulated (quilted on cotton wool). In winter, fur coats were also worn, cut like a robe and covered on top with cotton or silk fabric. Winter hats looked like a hood with a top made of white dog kamuses and a fox trim around the face. In severe frosts,

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