The 22nd Army ( Russian : 22-я армия ) was a field army of the Red Army during World War II .
35-750: The Red Banner Ural Military District was an operational –strategic territorial association of the Armed Forces of the Soviet Union and the Russian Federation , which existed in 1918–1922, 1935–1989 and 1992–2001. The district headquarters was located in Sverdlovsk ( Yekaterinburg ). From 1919 to 1922, it was called the Priuralsky Military District. The Ural Military district was formed on 4 May 1918 on
70-551: A defensive zone on the right flank of the Western Front, held back the onslaught of superior enemy forces for more than three weeks. In 1940, the 153rd Infantry Division was created – later one of the first guards divisions in the country. It entered into a battle with the Nazi invaders on 5 July 1941 near the city of Vitebsk. Covering the city from the west, it held the front for 7 days in a 40 km wide area. The Germans of
105-686: A regiment of the German 86th Infantry Division and punctured the German front.' In 1943, the Army fought as part of the North-Western Front since April 21, then from October 13 as part of the Baltic Front , which became 2nd Baltic Front on October 20, 1943. 22nd Army defended the river Lovat, and participated in operations at Kholm , Velikiye Luki, Leningrad-Novgorod, Staraya Russa – Novorzhev , and Rezhitsa– Dvina . It then took part in
140-529: Is the coordinated military actions of a state , or a non-state actor , in response to a developing situation. These actions are designed as a military plan to resolve the situation in the state or actor's favor. Operations may be of a combat or non-combat nature and may be referred to by a code name for the purpose of national security . Military operations are often known for their more generally accepted common usage names than their actual operational objectives . Military operations can be classified by
175-573: The 150th Rifle Division ( Major general Vasily Shatilov) and the 171st Rifle Division (commander – Colonel Alexei Negoda) – were the first to break through to the Reichstag . The Victory Banner over the dome of the Reichstag was hoisted by the scouts of the 756th Regiment of the 150th Infantry Division Sergeants Mikhail Yegorov and Meliton Kantaria. Almost all the Ural formations and units sent to
210-464: The 39th Motorized Corps repeatedly offered the personnel of the division and personally to the commander, Colonel Nikolai Gagen , an ethnic German, to surrender. However, the division kept the occupied line, and retreated only when, having broken through the defenses of neighboring units on the right and left, the enemy bypassed it from the flanks with large forces of infantry and tanks, and the division ran out of ammunition and weapons. The division left
245-677: The Kalinin defensive operation, and the Battles of Rzhev - Operation Mars in 1942. General Major V. A. Yushkevich again took command in April 1942, after previously commanding the army in August–October 1941. 3rd Mechanised Corps under General Major M. Ye. Katukov joined the Army in September 1942 when it was formed, though it was later reassigned. 83rd Corps Artillery Regiment had joined
280-812: The Riga Offensive Operation , part of the Baltic Offensive . Since October 1944, together with the other armies of the Front it carried out the blockade of the German Army Group Courland in the Courland Pocket . One of the Army's rifle corps was the Latvian 130th Rifle Corps that included two rifle divisions in which served a large number of Latvians in their ranks who would soon be facing their opposites in
315-791: The Volga Military District into the Volga–Ural Military District . In 1992, the Ural Military District was re–formed, which included the Sverdlovsk, Chelyabinsk, Kurgan and Tyumen Regions, Khanty–Mansi and Yamalo–Nenets Autonomous Districts, removed from the Siberian Military District. In 2001, the Ural Military District was again merged with the Volga Military District into the Volga–Ural Military District . In
350-609: The 22nd Army, including the 112th Rifle Division, began to be redeployed to the Western Special Military District . With the beginning of the war, the 112th Infantry Division took up defensive positions along the right bank of the Western Dvina River from Kraslava (Latvia) to Drissa (Belarus). The division entered into battle with German troops on 26 June 1941. The city of Kraslava passed from hand to hand three times. The intensity of
385-709: The 336th and 545th Corps Artillery Regiments. Headquarters was at Velikiye Luki by 22 June 1941, and General Lieutenant Filipp Yershakov took command (who would direct the army until August 1941). Lenski notes that it was then made part of the 'Group of armies of the Reserve of the Main Command'. During the Battle of Smolensk (1941) , six rifle divisions of the army fought fiercely against what victory.mil.ru describes as sixteen Wehrmacht divisions, including three tank and three motorized, and under their assault 22nd Army
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#1732776448316420-661: The Army by 1 November 1942. The Army's task as part of Operation Mars was as part of what in Soviet parlance was the 'Bely Offensive Operation in conjunction with 39th Army . Spearheaded by the 3rd Mechanised Corps, the army was tasked to: 'advance eastward up the Luchesa River valley, pierce the German defenses, assist in the capture of Bely , and encircle German forces around Olenino in conjunction with 39th Army.' 'Early on 25 November, 22nd Army, with over 50,000 men and 270 tanks of 3rd Mechanised Corps, assaulted eastward up
455-810: The Donbass Strategic Offensive Operation (for the capture of the settlement of Volnovakha , it was awarded the honorary name "Volnovakhskaya"), the Melitopol and Crimean Strategic Operations, the Liberation of Sevastopol, the Shauliai and Mamel Strategic Offensive and East Prussian Operations. Awarded with the Orders of the Red Banner and Suvorov. The 61st, 62nd, 63rd, 64th and 65th Naval Rifle Brigades were formed in
490-829: The Latvian 19th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS . Immediately after the war ended, its headquarters, along with the 109th Rifle Division , arrived in the South Ukraine in May 1945. In the Northern summer of 1945, together with the headquarters of the Separate Coastal Army , located in the Crimea, it was reorganised as the new but short-lived Tavria Military District . It arrived in the Odessa/Tavria area with
525-521: The Luchesa River valley. Attacking along a narrow corridor flanked by forests and frozen swamps, Soviet forces tore a gaping hole through German defences and drove German forces eastward up the valley. General Yushkevich's attack was spearheaded by Colonel I. V. Karpov's 238th Rifle Division and two regiments of Colonel M. F. Andryushenko's 185th Rifle Division, supported by a tank brigade of General Katukov's mechanised corps. The combined force routed
560-562: The Order of the Red Banner for its great contribution to strengthening the country's defense power and its armed defense. By 1983, the Ural Military District included the territories of the Sverdlovsk, Perm, Chelyabinsk, Kurgan , Kirov Regions, Komi and the Udmurt Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. The district headquarters was in Sverdlovsk . In 1989, the Ural Military District was merged with
595-599: The active army during the Great Patriotic War were awarded honorary titles, honorary titles and orders. In the post–war years, the structure of the district has changed several times. In 1945, along with Privozhsky and Uralsky, the Kazan Military District was also created in the region as part of the Tatar , Udmurt , Mari and Chuvash Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics, but in 1946 it
630-469: The beginning of the war. Prewar Ural Military District commander Lieutenant general Filipp Yershakov was appointed commander of the army. And already on 26 June 1941, individual units of the 22nd Army entered defensive battles in Belarus. On 7 July, the army entered into contact with the German fascist troops along the entire defense zone. Then, until the end of August 1941, army units stubbornly held
665-654: The concept applied to use of Soviet Tank Armies . 22nd Army (Soviet Union) The 22nd Army was formed in June 1941 after the German invasion of the Soviet Union and served through World War II until its disbandment in 1945. Originally it was formed in June 1941 within the Red Army and it comprised 51st Rifle Corps ( 98th , 112th , and 153rd Rifle Divisions) and 62nd Rifle Corps ( 170th , 174th , and 186th Rifle Divisions ), and several separate regiments, including
700-629: The control of the Reds. The district administration was evacuated to Perm, then to Vyatka and from there to Penza . The district itself from the beginning of 1919 was subordinate to the commander of the 3rd Army, from April to November 1919 – to the commander of the Eastern Front. After the expulsion of the armies of Alexander Kolchak from the territory of the district in October 1919, the headquarters returned to Yekaterinburg. In October–November 1919,
735-430: The defensive lines in the area of the city of Velikiye Luki , pinning down large enemy forces and making it possible to deploy strategic reserves on the approaches to Moscow. During the war years, over a hundred military educational institutions were deployed on the territory of the district, which trained a significant part of the command personnel of the active army for the front. There were formed, trained and sent to
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#1732776448316770-478: The district after a November–December 1941 People's Commissariat for Defence resolution. In 1943, the 30th Ural Volunteer Tank Corps , consisting of three tank brigades , was formed on the territory of the district. The corps also included the 30th Motorized Rifle Brigade and a number of separate units and subunits. Subsequently, the corps for differences in battles was renamed the 10th Guards Ural–Lvov Volunteer Tank Corps . In April 1945, two Ural formations –
805-923: The district temporarily included Omsk , Tobolsk and Chelyabinsk Provinces. In April 1920, the Tyumen Province was transferred to the district (in May, it was transferred to the West Siberian Military District, in February 1921, it was returned to the Urals Military District), in March 1921 – the Bashkir Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic , in May 1921 – the North Dvina Province. On 3 October 1919,
840-678: The district was renamed into Priuralsky, and in 1922, it was disbanded. The territory became part of, and the troops were transferred to the West Siberian , Volga , Moscow and Petrograd Military Districts. On 17 May 1935, the Ural Military District was again created as part of the Kirov Territory, the Sverdlovsk and Chelyabinsk Regions, the Bashkir and Udmurt Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic . The district headquarters and directorates were located in Sverdlovsk . By 1941,
875-602: The encirclement on 5 August 1941. The division participated in the Yelninsky Operation (30 August – 6 September 1941) and for military exploits, organization, discipline and approximate order on 18 September 1941, the 153rd Rifle Division was transformed into the 3rd Guards Rifle Division . Subsequently, it participated in the Defense of Leningrad, the Sinyavin Operation, the Battle of Stalingrad ,
910-528: The fighting is evidenced by the fact that in these battles, the division's fighters destroyed the first German general since the beginning of the war on the entire Soviet–German front. Then there were defensive battles in the north of Belarus, in the area of the Polotsk Fortified Region and near Nevel . At Nevel , the division was completely surrounded; less than 1/3 of the personnel managed to get out. The 112th Rifle Division, occupying
945-451: The front more than 1,5 thousand formations, formations and units. In the pre–war years, a number of divisions were formed in the district, which showed themselves in battles with Nazi troops. At the beginning of November 1939, the formation with the headquarters in Perm of the 112th Rifle Division ended. In June 1941, the division became part of the formed 22nd Army . And in mid–June 1941,
980-572: The late 1980s, the following formations and units were part of the Ural Military District: The district did not have its own Air Force. On the territory of the district, units of the 4th Red Banner Army of the Air Defense with headquarters in the city of Sverdlovsk were based. The 31st Missile Army was based on the territory of the district: The basis of the troops of the newly formed Ural Military District in 1992
1015-404: The scale and scope of force employment, and their impact on the wider conflict. The scope of military operations can be: Parallel to and reflecting this framework for operations are organized elements within the armed forces which prepare for and conduct operations at various levels of war . While there is a general correlation between the size of units , the area within which they operate, and
1050-514: The scope of mission they perform, the correlation is not absolute. In fact, it is ultimately the mission that a unit performs that determines the level of war within which it operates. The operational level of war occupies roughly the middle ground between the campaign's strategic focus and the tactics of an engagement. It describes "a distinct intermediate level of war between military strategy , governing war in general, and tactics, involving individual battles". For example, during World War II ,
1085-545: The territory of the district included the Sverdlovsk, Molotovsk, Chelyabinsk, Kustanai Regions and the western part of the Omsk Region. The Great Patriotic War occupies a special place in the history of the Ural Military District. In June 1941, the 22nd Army was formed on the basis of the Ural Military District and then redeployed to the Western Special Military District , which became the Western Front with
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1120-567: The territory that included the Perm , Ufa , Orenburg , Vyatka and Kazan (until July 1918) Provinces. The Headquarters (District Military Commissariat) was located in Yekaterinburg . From the summer of 1918, the district became a battleground of the Civil War . Most of the territory of the district was occupied by White forces ; Vyatka Province and part of Perm Province remained under
1155-674: Was disbanded. The 4th Independent Air Defense Army of the Soviet Air Defence Forces on 1 May 1960, in the skies over Sverdlovsk , shot down an American Lockheed U-2 reconnaissance spy plane of the United States Air Force being piloted by Francis Powers . On 15 January 1974, by a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union, the Ural Military District was awarded
1190-644: Was forced to retreat. On July 16, 1941, the Germans managed to surround the 51st Rifle Corps, and on July 20, to seize Velikiye Luki . 48th Tank Division joined the Army by August 1, 1941. As part of the Soviet Western Front , since October, 17th the Kalinin Front , the Army conducted defensive operations on the Idritsa – Drissa – Vitebsk frontier, participated in the Battle of Smolensk ,
1225-416: Was made up of the following formations and units: The 57th Guards Motor Rifle Division withdrew from Germany in April 1993 and moved to Chelyabinsk , as part of the district. It was disbanded in June 1993. At the end of 1995, there were 1200 tanks, 1200 armored combat vehicles, 750 guns and mortars on the territory of the Ural Military District. Military operation A military operation ( op )
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