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52-498: Georgi Vins (1928–1998) was a Soviet religious dissident. Vins or VINS may also refer to: Georgi Vins Georgi Vins was born in the Russian Far East to Peter Vins, an American citizen of Russian origin who had traveled to Siberia just two years before as a missionary, and Lydia (Zharikova) Vins. Peter was arrested in 1930, freed three years later but re-arrested in 1935 and died in prison in 1943. The family

104-564: A malignant inoperable brain tumor, from which he died in 1998. His sister-in-law Maria Glukhoman died in Arvada, CO in 2014. Georgi's son, Peter Vins, returned to Russia in the 1990s, and founded a shipping firm. Elkhart, Indiana Elkhart ( / ˈ ɛ l k ɑːr t / EL -kart ) is a city in Elkhart County, Indiana , United States. The city is located 15 miles (24 km) east of South Bend, Indiana . Elkhart has

156-462: A mayor and a city council. The mayor is elected in a citywide vote. The city council consists of nine members—six are elected from individual districts, while three are elected at large. Three school districts serve sections of Elkhart: In addition to the public schools, four private religious schools serve the city. Elkhart Christian Academy (grades K-12), Trinity Lutheran School (K-8), St. Vincent de Paul Catholic School (grades K-8), and St. Thomas

208-547: A rival town named Elkhart. The town of Elkhart was first plotted with 48 lots on April 30, 1832. In 1839, the Pulaski Post Office was officially changed to Elkhart. Elkhart County was founded exclusively by immigrants from New England . These were old-stock " Yankee " immigrants, that is to say, they were descended from the English Puritans who settled New England in the 1600s. The completion of

260-400: A softball complex, two skateparks, greenways, and the downtown riverwalk, which now features an ice-skating/roller-blading path (depending on the time of year). The NIBCO Water and Ice Park in downtown Elkhart was dedicated in 2007. It is a year-round park with an ice skating path in the winter and a splash pad in the summer. A spray park was built at McNaughton Park in 2007. Rainbow Park

312-693: Is mihšiiwiateehi ("elk's heart"). Later in the 18th century the area was inhabited by the Potawatomi ; in the Potawatomi language , the place is likewise known as mzewəodeʔig , "at the elk heart". The name may reflect a prehistoric association of the Elkhart area with the Kaskaskia people , whom the Miami called "elk hearts". The Kaskaskia are not associated with the area in any historical records, however, having been pushed further south and west by

364-825: Is held by the city of Goshen , located about 10 miles (16 km) southeast of Elkhart. When the Northwest Territory was organized in 1787, the area now known as Elkhart was mainly inhabited by the Ottawa, Chippewa, and Potawatomi Indian tribes. In 1829, the Village of Pulaski was established, consisting of a post office, mill, and a few houses on the north side of the St. Joseph River . Dr. Havilah Beardsley moved westward from Ohio , and on August 9, 1821, purchased one square mile of land from Pierre Moran (a half-French, half-Native American Potawatomi Chief) in order to establish

416-617: Is known as one of the premier Jazz festivals in the nation. In 2007, the festival celebrated its 20th anniversary. Each June, the Elkhart Parks and Recreation Department presents Rhapsody Arts & Music Festival (formally called Rhapsody in Green). It is a weekend event put on at the city's Island Park. It is a typical summer festival with live music and food. Also, the Elkhart Air Show was an annual event that took place at

468-500: Is notable because it is both a park and a residential front yard. It is a popular recreation destination for the house owners and their houseguests. Wellfield Botanic Gardens on North Main Street is a 36-acre "living museum" offering over 20 individually themed gardens and public events throughout the year. The mayor of Elkhart is Rod Roberson, a Democrat, and the first African American to be elected mayor. The government consists of

520-706: Is operated by Indiana Michigan Power, a subsidiary of American Electric Power . In 1889, the world's second electric streetcar system began operating on the city's streets. It has since been decommissioned. The Beardsley Avenue Historic District , Albert R. Beardsley House , Dr. Havilah Beardsley House , Emmanuel C. Bickel House , Bridge Street Bridge , Charles Gerard Conn Mansion , Elkhart Downtown Commercial Historic District , Green Block , William and Helen Koerting House , Lerner Theatre , Mark L. and Harriet E. Monteith House , Morehous Residential Historic District , State Street-Division Street Historic District , and Young Women's Christian Association are listed on

572-496: Is stated to resemble an elk's heart. According to the 2010 census, Elkhart has a total area of 24.417 square miles (63.24 km ), of which 23.45 square miles (60.74 km ) (or 96.04%) is land and 0.967 square miles (2.50 km ) (or 3.96%) is water. The city sits on the St. Joseph and Elkhart Rivers . The Elkhart River drains into the St. Joseph at Island Park just north of downtown. There are also numerous small lakes around

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624-535: Is the Concord Mall , located on the city's south side. A second shopping mall, Pierre Moran Mall, was partially demolished in 2006 for a new development called Woodland Crossing. Elkhart is best known for two industries: recreational vehicles and musical instruments (for example, Stephanhöuser Saxophones ). For decades, it has been referenced as the "RV Capital of the World" and the "Band Instrument Capital of

676-643: The Erie Canal caused a surge in New England immigration to what was then the Northwest Territory . The end of the Black Hawk War led to an additional surge of immigration, once again coming almost exclusively from the six New England states as a result of overpopulation combined with land shortages in that region. Some of these later settlers were from upstate New York and had parents who had moved to that region from New England shortly after

728-475: The Midwest where they had already been living, particularly the state of Ohio . By the late 19th and early 20th century, musical instrument factories, Miles Medical Company, and numerous mills set up shop and became the base of the economy. In 1934, the first recreational vehicle factory opened in Elkhart. Similar companies followed suit for the remainder of the decade, and the economy continued to grow until

780-651: The National Register of Historic Places . The name Elkhart is a deliberate misspelling or corruption of "Elks-heart", which refers to the now extinct Eastern elk . The name has been attached to the Elkhart River and surrounding area since at least 1749, when it was recorded in French as Coeur de cerf ("elk's heart") as the name of a Miami village there. The place name in Miami-Illinois

832-783: The Northern League in 2015. The stadium was to be located on the city's southwest side on State Road 19 . As of December 2017, the stadium had not yet been built, and the team was not formed, due to construction delays. As of May 2023, the team is playing out of NorthWood Field of Dreams in Nappanee, IN The Elkhart Express was a semi-professional men's basketball team in the International Basketball League . Their home games were played at North Side Gymnasium , located inside Elkhart's North Side Middle School. The franchise began operation in 2006 and won

884-764: The Revolutionary War . New Englanders and New England transplants from upstate New York were the vast majority of Elkhart County's inhabitants during the first several decades of its history. These settlers were primarily members of various Protestant religions. Correspondingly, many inhabitants of Elkhart County fought in the Union Army during the Civil War . In the late 1880s and early 1890s Irish and German migrants began moving into Elkhart County, most of these later immigrants did not move directly from Ireland and Germany , but rather from other areas in

936-590: The Second World War they moved to Kiev , where Vins qualified as an electrical engineer. Georgi Vins became involved in Baptist churches in Kiev. As Nikita Khrushchev 's anti-religious persecutions began in 1959, the state imposed new regulations on the Baptist church that drastically curtailed the small measure of independence they had enjoyed. As the Baptist movement split acrimoniously, Vins became one of

988-659: The World Council of Churches joined the international protests at Vins' arrest. Vins was tried in Kiev in January 1975 and sentenced to five years in labor camp to be followed by five years internal exile, becoming the Soviet Union's most famous religious prisoner. International pressure led to his dramatic expulsion from his homeland. On April 26, 1979 Vins was awakened in prison and told to change into his own clothes. Unaware of his imminent change of circumstances, he

1040-545: The Apostle School (grades K-8) are located in Elkhart. Additionally, Two private secular schools exist: The Montessori School of Elkhart on Montessori Drive runs from pre-K through Grade 6. Cornerstone Christian Montessori School (K-6) The Elkhart Truth is the main newspaper that serves the city of Elkhart and the county. Elkhart lies in the South Bend-Elkhart television market, the 89th largest in

1092-648: The Chairman of the Council of Churches, Gennady Kryuchkov , went on trial in November 1966 and he was sentenced to three years imprisonment. His wife Nadezhda was left to look after their four children. After release, Vins resumed his work as pastor and organizer of the movement, but soon went into hiding to avoid arrest. He was discovered and seized in March 1974. Prodded by the human rights campaigner Andrei Sakharov ,

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1144-548: The ELCO in 1934. Ownership switched hands several times, but the end of the Lerner appeared to be in sight when owner William Miller died in 1987. In 1990, the city bought the theater to prevent further deterioration due to vacancy. Also, that year, some locals formed a commission to oversee the restoration. Funding issues led the city to get involved further in the form of getting a federal grant. The grant helped with major upgrades and

1196-575: The Elkhart Municipal Airport at the end of July. It featured a wide variety of airplanes old and new. The event was canceled in 2007 due to financial issues. It is unclear whether the show is on hiatus or gone for good. The city is served by the Elkhart Public Library , which operates four branches. The Elkhart Miracle is a proposed independent minor league baseball team that was scheduled to begin to play in

1248-525: The International Title in 2006 and 2007. The Elkhart Express officially released news that they were folding under bankruptcy on January 5, 2009. In January 2010, head coach and founder Daimon Beathea announced that the Express would return for the 2010 season, but those plans never came to fruition. The city has 35 different facilities including parks, pavilions, a waterpark, a public pool,

1300-568: The Soviet authorities and refused to register officially. Their members were suffering persecution, with hundreds in labor camps or psychiatric hospitals. His displacement to the USA led to the rest of his extended family (siblings and their families) to travel from the Ukrainian SSR to start a new life in a free country. Vins' work aiding Baptist victims of persecution changed dramatically in

1352-501: The White House and to innumerable events around the world. At first there was competition between missions supporting persecuted churches in the Soviet Union to enlist him, but Vins kept his distance. He eventually set up the international representation of the Baptist churches in the Soviet Union that owed their allegiance to the Council of Churches, a group of tightly-knit congregations that categorically rejected any compromises with

1404-585: The World". Other notable industries in Elkhart include; pharmaceuticals, electronic components, manufactured housing and mobile homes . Numerous manufacturers of musical instruments and accessories, of which most of the surviving companies have been absorbed into the Conn-Selmer conglomerate, have a long history in the city. Elkhart is also home to the Robert Young Rail Yards, which are the second-largest freight classification yards in

1456-499: The biggest railroad presence in town, although Elkhart has two other railroads: Shortline-Elkhart and Western (operated by Pioneer Railcorp) and Regional-Grand Elk (operated by Watco). Amtrak has two trains that stop in Elkhart, Lake Shore Limited and Capitol Limited , both of which stop at the Elkhart station . Canadian Pacific runs 6-8 trains through town on Norfolk Southern's trackage. In 1867, Elkhart Hydraulic Company built

1508-534: The city and some of its unemployed residents were featured on the February 8, 2009, edition of ABC News . The unemployment rate rebounded over the next decade and has remained below the national average since 2013. In 1884, the Bucklen Opera House opened its doors for the first time, with a seating capacity of 1200. It was common for one performance to take place every week. Elkhart's location on

1560-491: The city. Elkhart has a humid continental climate ( Köppen Dfa ), with cold, snowy winters and warm, humid summers. Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race. As of the census of 2010, there were 50,949 people, 19,261 households, and 11,942 families residing in

1612-425: The city. The population density was 2,172.7 inhabitants per square mile (838.9/km ). There were 22,699 housing units at an average density of 968.0 per square mile (373.7/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 66.1% White , 15.4% African American , 0.6% Native American , 0.9% Asian , 0.1% Pacific Islander , 12.9% from other races , and 4.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 22.5% of

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1664-458: The city. The population density was 2,428.0 inhabitants per square mile (937.5/km ). There were 21,688 housing units at an average density of 1,015.1 per square mile (391.9/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 71.5% White (predominantly German American ), 14.7% African American , 0.4% Native American , 1.2% Asian , 0.1% Pacific Islander , 9.2% from other races , and 2.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 14.8% of

1716-527: The country with him. Realizing that he would be unlikely to see them again otherwise, he listed his wife, children, mother and niece. Vins was driven to Moscow's Lefortovo prison and then all five expellees were taken to Moscow airport. Two American embassy officials on the plane explained that their release followed an agreement between the White House and the Soviet embassy in Washington, DC . It

1768-594: The facilities were torn down while just a few buildings remained, mostly unused. Manufacturers in Elkhart include Forest River Inc , Hy-Line, Keystone , and Thor Motor Coach . NIBCO INC. (Northern Indiana Brass Company), has called Elkhart home for over 100 years and is now a fifth-generation family business. NIBCO Inc. manufactures and markets flow control products. Elkhart Brass Manufacturing manufactures fire-fighting equipment. The unemployment rate reached 18.8% in April 2009 and due to Elkhart's economic troubles,

1820-487: The first hydraulic dam across the St. Joseph River which would power the city's machinery. Unfortunately, the hydraulics were prone to flooding as was common in those days, the wooden structures were eventually destroyed by fire. The hydraulics were purchased by the Indiana & Michigan Electric Company and they soon reconstructed the dam and by 1913, it powered the city. Today, the dam still produces electric power and

1872-454: The hiring of full-time staff. The ELCO was renamed The Lerner when it reopened after an $ 18 million renovation and expansion in June 2011. It is now used for a wide range of concerts, special events, and local productions. There are many different museums located in the city. The Elkhart Jazz Festival is a three-day event that takes place in late June on the banks of the Elkhart River . It

1924-631: The larger population of the two principal cities of the Elkhart-Goshen Metropolitan Statistical Area, which in turn is part of the South Bend-Elkhart-Mishawaka Combined Statistical Area , in a region commonly known as Michiana . The population was 53,923 at the 2020 census. Despite the shared name and being the most populous city in the county, it is not the county seat of Elkhart County; that position

1976-596: The late 1980s, when open Christian work in Russia became possible. In 1990, President Mikhail Gorbachev revoked the decree that had stripped Vins of his Soviet citizenship, thereby allowing him to revisit his homeland. In the 1990s Vins made numerous preaching trips, especially in Russia and Ukraine. In 1995 he was allowed access, in Moscow, to his father's KGB case file, and Vins finally learned that his father had been executed in 1937. Vins discovered in late 1997 that he had

2028-443: The leading figures in the campaign to resist state pressure. He publicly opposed the pastor of his own congregation, in Kiev, who had accepted the new measures. Vins formed his own breakaway congregation, becoming its pastor, despite a lack of formal theological training. The group met in a forest outside Kiev. When the Council of Churches was formally set up as an underground body in 1965, Vins became its General Secretary. Hundreds of

2080-505: The median income for a family was $ 40,514. Males had a median income of $ 30,674 versus $ 22,760 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 17,890. About 11.1% of families and 13.6% of the population were below the poverty line , including 18.6% of those under age 18 and 9.0% of those age 65 or over. Due to its proximity to the South Bend metropolitan area, the city's commercial sectors are small. The city's main shopping mall

2132-549: The movement's followers were already in prison. In a dramatic protest, Baptists converged from all over the Soviet Union for a mass demonstration outside the Central Committee building in Moscow. Several days later, Vins went to the Central Committee with other leaders to ask about the fate of those who had been detained at the unprecedented demonstration. As a result, they were themselves arrested. Vins and

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2184-402: The population. Of the 20,072 households, 62.3% were occupied by families, 33.4% had children under 18 living with them, 40.9% were married couples living together, 15.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.7% were non-families. 30.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size

2236-443: The population. There were 19,261 households, of which 36.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 36.7% were married couples living together, 18.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 6.7% had a male householder with no wife present, and 38.0% were non-families. 30.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size

2288-497: The railroad made it a good stopping point for shows traveling from New York to Chicago. In 1896, the first movie was shown in the theater, which was also used as Elkhart High School's auditorium until 1924. The Bucklen was demolished in 1986. The Lerner Theatre , formerly the ELCO Performing Arts Center, is a small theater located downtown. After being built in 1924 and undergoing two name changes, it became

2340-531: The rationing of materials in World War II . After the war, growth picked back up, and, by 1949, Elkhart was dubbed the "RV Capital of the World." In 1851, the Michigan Southern & Northern Indiana Railroad Company built the first rail line through the city, and by 1852 the first passenger train passed through town. This, in turn, caused major population growth. Today, Norfolk Southern has

2392-471: The wars of the 17th century. Other explanations have been suggested. According to an account by two Miami leaders ( Jean Baptiste Richardville and Le Gros ) recorded in 1824, the name arose from two women fighting over an elk's heart that had been hung up to dry. Alternatively, some historians including Jacob Piatt Dunn have associated the name with the shape of an island in the Elkhart River that

2444-618: The world. In 1884, Franklin Miles launched the Miles Medical Co. in Elkhart, which in later decades produced products such as Alka-Seltzer and Flintstones Vitamins . The Miles Medical Co. was purchased by the German company Bayer in 1978, and was consolidated into the larger Pittsburgh-based Bayer, Inc. in 1994. In 1999, Bayer Consumer Care moved out of Elkhart. By 2006, Bayer had pulled all manufacturing out of Elkhart. Most of

2496-401: Was 2.55, and the average family size was 3.16. Of the city's population, 28.4% was under 18, 11.1% from 18 to 24, 31.7% from 25 to 44, 18.0% from 45 to 64, and 10.7% was 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.9 males. For every 100 females aged 18 and over, there were 94.6 males. The median income for a household in the city was $ 34,863, and

2548-414: Was 2.60, and the average family size was 3.25. The median age in the city was 32.7 years. 29.1% of residents were under 18; 9.4% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 27.5% were from 25 to 44; 22.5% were from 45 to 64, and 11.5% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.2% male and 51.8% female. As of the 2000 census , 51,874 people, 20,072 households, and 12,506 families reside in

2600-576: Was flown to Moscow , where he spent the night in a center for vagrants. The following day he was issued new clothes and informed that because of his anti-Soviet activity the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet had stripped him of his Soviet citizenship. He was being expelled. Vins protested in vain that his activity was not anti-Soviet, but had to bow to the inevitable. He was told to write down the names of his close relatives so that they could leave

2652-567: Was not until the plane landed in New York City that they learned they were being exchanged for two convicted spies, and the handover took place in an isolated hangar at Kennedy airport . The five walked off the plane at one end while the spies walked on at the other. Joined in the United States six weeks later by the rest of his family, Vins made the town of Elkhart, Indiana his home and learned English. He received invitations to

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2704-456: Was only later informed of his death. Peter Vins was the son of Mennonite Brethren leader Jacob J. Wiens born in Borden, Saskatchewan . See also: "Jacob J. Wiens was born in Russia", "Винс Яков Яковлевич родился в России в семье обрусевших выходцев из Голландии. Член Церкви евангельских христиан-баптистов.". The young Georgi was brought up by his mother Lydia, with his various siblings. After

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