Van Hool NV ( Dutch pronunciation: [vɑn ˈɦoːl] ) is a Belgian coachbuilder and manufacturer of buses , coaches , trolleybuses , and trailers .
118-519: Most of the buses and coaches are built entirely by Van Hool, with engines and axles sourced from Caterpillar , Cummins , DAF and MAN and gearboxes from ZF or Voith . Some production involves building bus and coach bodies on separate bus chassis from manufacturers such as Volvo and Scania . Worldwide, Van Hool employs 4,500 people and manufactures more than 1,700 buses and coaches (bodyworks and complete vehicles combined) and 5,000 trailers each year. It sells an average of 600 coaches annually in
236-514: A coachbuilder to a Belgian manufacturer of integral buses and coaches, known as Van Hool-Fiat . Alongside these activities, the company continued as a coachbuilder, enabling further expansion. In August 1958, a year and a half after the agreement with Fiat was signed, the 100th Van Hool-Fiat was delivered, and by July 1961, the figure had exceeded 500. The co-operation agreement with Fiat was terminated in 1981. Between 1974 and 1978 Van Hool and Dundalk -based coachbuilders Thomas McArdle entered into
354-720: A fleet of C2045s along with its MCI buses in Michigan. Introduced in 2013 for the 2014 model year, the CX45 is a redesigned C2045 with a redesigned front end, new rear cap, and new interior features. It was offered with the Cummins ISX12 until 2019, before switching to the Cummins X12 . The Detroit Diesel DD13 is also offered. In 2015, Van Hool introduced a 35-foot coach to the North American market to compete with
472-614: A good move. Be-Ge owner Bror Göthe Persson had also established an additional cab factory at Meppel . Scania-Vabis continued their expansion of production facilities through acquisitions. In 1967, they acquired Katrineholm based coachwork company Svenska Karosseriverkstäderna (SKV), and created a new subsidiary, Scania-Bussar . A year later, all bus production, along with R&D was moved to Katrineholm. Further production locations were added at Sibbhult and Falun , and Scania's employee numbers rose, particularly at Södertälje, which
590-473: A line of clothing and workwear boots under its Cat / Caterpillar name. Additionally, the company licensed the Cat phone brand of toughened mobile phones and rugged smartphones from 2012 to 2024. Caterpillar machinery and other company-branded products are recognizable by their trademark "Caterpillar Yellow" livery and the "CAT" logo. The company traces its roots to the steam tractor machines manufactured by
708-429: A list of some 400 products for purchase through its dealer network. Caterpillar's line of machines range from tracked tractors to hydraulic excavators , backhoe loaders , motor graders , off-highway trucks, wheel loaders , agricultural tractors , and locomotives. Caterpillar machinery is used in the construction, road-building , mining, forestry , energy, transportation, and material-handling industries. Caterpillar
826-554: A majority share in Scania. Volvo was to buy the 49.3% stake in Scania that was owned by Investor AB , Scania's then main shareholder. The acquisition, for US$ 7.5 billion (60.7 billion SEK ), would have created the world's second-largest manufacturer of heavy trucks, behind DaimlerChrysler . The cash for the deal was to come from the sale of Volvo's car division to Ford Motor Company in January 1999. The merger failed, after
944-546: A mobile service throughout the Netherlands with their custom-equipped service trucks. Due to Beers concerted efforts, Scania-Vabis market share in the country remained at a consistent 20% throughout this period. Scania-Vabis were to adopt the business model of Beers in their own overseas sales operations. The 1960s saw Scania-Vabis expanding its production operations into overseas locations. Until now, all Scania-Vabis production had been carried out solely at Södertälje , but
1062-508: A new engine plant was inaugurated in the Ipiranga district of São Paulo , and from June 1960, Scania-Vabis do Brasil assembled all vehicles themselves. Scania-Vabis vehicles had already been assembled in Brazil by a local company called Vemag ( Veículos e Máquinas Agrícolas S.A. ) for several years. Scania-Vabis established its first full manufacturing plant outside Södertälje, by building
1180-629: A new facility in São Bernardo do Campo near São Paulo, which was opened on 8 December 1962, and this was to set the standard for Scania-Vabis international operations. Closer to home, the recently formed European Economic Community (EEC) offered further opportunities. Based on their now strong presence in the Dutch markets, Scania-Vabis constructed a new plant in Zwolle , which was completed in 1964. This new Dutch facility provided Scania-Vabis with
1298-599: A new manufacturing facility in Morristown, Tennessee designed to produce public transit buses. The facility was planned to open in 2020, and employ 600 workers, capable of making approximately 400 buses annually. The T815 was first introduced to the United States market in 1987. Later subsequent models are collectively known as the T8 series. The earliest use Cummins L10 diesels. Later versions use Cummins M11 diesels. It
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#17327985165971416-431: A number of contractual , trademark , and patent infringement lawsuits. Harry H. Fair of the bond brokerage house of Pierce, Fair & Company of San Francisco had helped to finance C. L. Best's debt and Holt shareholders approached him about their company's financial difficulty. Fair recommended that the two companies should merge. In April and May 1925, the financially stronger C. L. Best merged with
1534-873: A partnership known as Van Hool McArdle to take over the bus building factory of CIÉ at Spa Road, Dublin, Ireland . The factory mainly built buses for CIÉ in Ireland plus some for export to the UK. The factory was then closed leaving the Republic of Ireland without a bus manufacturer for several years. Van Hool entered the Japanese market in the early-1980s when the Meitetsu Group imported several Astromega double-decker buses for use as highway buses, followed by Hato Bus who imported two Astromegas in 1997. Since 2016, Van Hool and Scania have jointly developed and produced
1652-509: A range of applications where the operator of the machine benefits from having accurate horizontal and vertical guidance. CTCT is based in Dayton, Ohio , and started its operations on April 1, 2002. Caterpillar introduced the Challenger range of agricultural tractors as the result of several development programs over a long period of time. The program started in the 1970s and involved both
1770-453: A range of touring coaches were developed based on this platform, each distinguished by a number and a name, following a clear naming convention. For example, in "TD824 Astromega": In 1991, an updated "T8 New Look" was introduced, called the T9 in its North American version. Production was ended in the late 1990s, following the introduction of the new (European) T9 platform. Model names used during
1888-458: A set of wooden tracks bolted to chains. On Thanksgiving Day, November 24, 1904, he successfully tested the updated machine plowing the soggy delta land of Roberts Island . Contemporaneously, Richard Hornsby & Sons in Grantham, Lincolnshire, England, developed a steel plate-tracked vehicle, which it patented in 1904. This tractor was the first to be steered using differential braking of
2006-495: A single manufacturer. In 2008, AC Transit took delivery of a fleet of new model A300L 40-foot (12.2 m) buses. These buses are unique in the United States market, as they have their engines mounted between the front and rear axles in an attempt to improve the ride quality. This bus is a longer version of the previously introduced 30-foot (9.1 m) A300K ( K stands for kort , "short" in Dutch and L for lang , "long"). A survey of AC Transit riders found that they approved of
2124-633: A stepping stone into the other five EEC countries, particularly the German and French markets. In 1966, Scania-Vabis acquired ownership of a then valuable supplier – Be-Ge Karosserifabrik , who were based in Oskarshamn . Be-Ge had been making truck cabs since 1946, and had been supplying cabs not only to Scania-Vabis, but also to their Swedish competitors Volvo. It was normal practice for truck manufacturers to outsource production of cabs to independent bodybuilders, so their acquisition by Scania-Vabis seemed
2242-572: A third of their orders coming from abroad. The outbreak of the First World War, however, changed the company, with almost all output being diverted to the Swedish Army . By 1916, Scania-Vabis was making enough profit to invest in redeveloping both of their production facilities. Following the war, in 1919, Scania decided to focus completely on building trucks, abandoning other outputs including cars and buses. However, they were hurt by
2360-483: A track frame measured 30 inches (760 mm) high by 42 inches (1,100 mm) wide and were 9 feet (2.7 m) long. The tracks were 3 inches (76 mm) by 4 inches (100 mm) redwood slats. Holt received the first patent for a practical continuous track for use with a tractor on December 7, 1907, for his improved "Traction Engine" ("improvement in vehicles, and especially of the traction engine class; and included endless traveling platform supports upon which
2478-432: A tractor 46 feet (14 m) wide, but this also made the tractors increasingly complex, expensive, and difficult to maintain. Another solution considered was to lay a temporary plank road ahead of the steam tractor, but this was time-consuming, expensive, and interfered with earthmoving. Holt thought of wrapping the planks around the wheels. He replaced the wheels on a 40 horsepower (30 kW) Holt steamer, No. 77, with
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#17327985165972596-597: A very limited number of CR76 chassis-frameworks (less actual bodywork) with transversally rear-mounted engine for external bodying, based on the complete bus with the same name. From 1968 it was also delivered as a standard bus chassis known as BR110. The other chassis models were renamed too, so the Scania-Vabis B56/B76 became the Scania B80/B110 and the BF56/BF76 became BF80/BF110. The numbers in
2714-529: Is 100% owned by the German automotive company Volkswagen Group , forming part of its heavy commercial vehicle subsidiary, Traton , along with MAN Truck & Bus , Volkswagen Caminhões e Ônibus and Navistar . Volkswagen gained ownership of Scania by first buying Volvo's stake in 2000, after the latter's aborted takeover attempt, increasing it to 36.4% in the first quarter 2007. It then bought out Investor AB in March 2008, raising its share to 70.94%. The deal
2832-496: Is also divesting its Russian financing business, Traton said. The company said that all transactions will be completed in the first quarter of 2023. [1] Scania develops, manufactures and sells trucks with a gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) of more than 16 tonnes ( Class 8 ), intended for long-distance haulage, regional, and local distribution of goods, as well as construction haulage. The 1963 forward-control LB76 forged Scania-Vabis's reputation outside Sweden, being one of
2950-612: Is an American construction, mining and other engineering equipment manufacturer. The company is the world's largest manufacturer of construction equipment. In 2018, Caterpillar was ranked number 73 on the Fortune 500 list and number 265 on the Global Fortune 500 list. Caterpillar stock is a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average . Caterpillar Inc. traces its origins to the 1925 merger of
3068-588: Is the world's largest manufacturer of wheel loaders. The small size wheel loaders (SWL) are designed and manufactured at facilities in Clayton, North Carolina . The medium size (MWL) and large size (LWL) are designed at their Aurora, Illinois facility. Medium wheel loaders are manufactured at: Aurora, Illinois ; Sagamihara, Kanagawa , Japan; Piracicaba , São Paulo, Brazil; India ; and the People's Republic of China . Large wheel loaders are manufactured exclusively in
3186-593: The 2 Ton , 5 Ton , and 10 Ton from the Holt Manufacturing Company's old product line and the Caterpillar 30 and Caterpillar 60 from the C. L. Best Tractor Co.'s former product line. The 10 Ton and 5 Ton models were discontinued in 1926. In 1928, the 2 Ton was discontinued. Sales the first year were US$ 13 million. By 1929, sales climbed to US$ 52.8 million, and Caterpillar continued to grow throughout
3304-569: The European Union disapproved, announcing one company would have almost 100% market share in the Nordic markets. In September 2006, the German truckmaker MAN AG launched a €10.3bn hostile offer to acquire Scania AB. Scania's CEO Leif Östling was forced to apologise for comparing the bid of MAN to a " Blitzkrieg ". MAN AG later dropped its hostile offer, but in January 2008, MAN increased their voting rights in Scania up to 17%. Scania AB
3422-692: The Great Depression of the 1930s. Caterpillar adopted the diesel engine to replace gasoline engines. During World War II , Caterpillar products found fame with the Seabees , construction battalions of the United States Navy , which built airfields and other facilities in the Pacific Theater of Operations . Caterpillar ranked 44th among United States corporations in the value of wartime military production contracts. During
3540-731: The Holt Manufacturing Company and the C. L. Best Tractor Company, creating a new entity, California-based Caterpillar Tractor Company. In 1986, the company reorganized itself as a Delaware corporation under the current name, Caterpillar Inc. It announced in January 2017 that over the course of that year, it would relocate its headquarters from Peoria, Illinois, to Deerfield, Illinois , scrapping plans from 2015 of building an $ 800 million new headquarters complex in downtown Peoria. Its headquarters are located in Irving, Texas , since 2022. The company also licenses and markets
3658-564: The IDF Caterpillar D9 was involved in an incident in 2003, in which the American activist Rachel Corrie was killed by an Israeli soldier driving a bulldozer to demolish Gaza homes. A lawsuit against Caterpillar by her family and families of Palestinians, who were also killed by Caterpillar equipment, was unsuccessful. A lawsuit against Israel and Israeli Defense Ministry was rejected by an Israeli court, ruling that her death
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3776-1018: The MCI J3500 . This coach is called the CX35 and is offered with a Cummins L9 ( ISL9 before 2017) engine. Introduced in 2019, the CX45E is an all-electric version of the CX45, with Proterra batteries. A CX35E is in the works, but has not been released as of yet. The TD925 Astromega is a closed-top double-decker motor coach meeting United States specifications. It is a variant of the TD925 Astromega coach available in Europe. Van Hool owned Team Astromega , which competed in International Formula 3000 and A1 Grand Prix with drivers including family member Mikke Van Hool. Caterpillar Inc. Caterpillar Inc. , also known as Cat ,
3894-643: The Marcus Wallenberg-hallen (the Scania Museum) in Södertälje. On 1 September 1969, Scania merged with Saab AB , and formed Saab-Scania AB. When Saab-Scania was split in 1995, the name of the truck and bus division changed simply to Scania AB . One year later, Scania AB was introduced on the stock exchange, which resulted in a minor change of name to Scania AB (publ) . On 7 August 1999, Volvo announced it had agreed to acquire
4012-653: The United States . The company was founded in 1947 by Bernard van Hool (1902–1974) in Koningshooikt , near Lier, Belgium . In the early years, the company introduced serial production and exported their products all over Europe. The company has also been active on the North American market since the mid 1980s. On February 15, 1957, Van Hool signed a commercial agreement with Fiat ; Van Hool would incorporate Fiat engines and other mechanical components (gearboxes, axles, steering) in its vehicles. It developed from
4130-808: The bus rapid transit service marketed under the name Glider . At the Internationale Automobil-Ausstellung 2014 in Hanover , Germany, Van Hool presented the new EX series of touring coaches for the European market. It is produced in the Van Hool factory in Skopje , the capital of the North Macedonia . Due to American federal safety requirements and other unique factors, only highway touring coaches were introduced in
4248-518: The 1960s saw the need to expand production overseas. Brazil was becoming a notable market for heavy trucks, and was also dependent on inter-urban buses, with particular requirement for Brazil's mountainous roads which became nigh-on impassable at times. On 2 July 1957, Brazilian subsidiary Scania-Vabis do Brasil S.A. (today known as Scania Latin America Ltda. ) was established and started assembling some vehicles themselves in 1958. On 29 May 1959,
4366-973: The 2-series were launched in 1981 with the F82/F112 replacing the BF86/BF111 and the S82/S112 replacing the B86/B111, and then in 1982 the K82/K112 replacing the BR86/BR116. The BR112 was then updated to the N112 in 1984, and a tri-axle version of the K112 became available, known as the K112T. In 1985, the K82 and F82 were replaced by the 8.5-litre engined K92 and F92. Front-engined versions were in general discontinued on
4484-536: The A-series continued into the early 21st century, when it was replaced by the newA-series. The new T9 series in Europe was launched in 1995. It included a completely new body design and many other changes. The same philosophy as with the T8 was applied: one platform, many different versions. Also, the naming convention was retained. Over the years, many new variants have been developed. Different models (all available in at least 2 lengths, see 'products' below) include
4602-700: The A330 and AG300 buses on its Viva routes, though the A330 buses are being transferred to the conventional YRT service as more Nova LFX buses arrive for the Viva services. The Réseau de transport de Longueuil (south of Montreal , Quebec) also used the AG300 buses, and was the first to use Van Hool transit buses in North America (AG700) in 1989. Washington, D.C. 's Circulator uses the A330 buses. These 29 buses were purchased from AC Transit in 2005. In addition to
4720-588: The A330 models, the Circulator now uses the new A300K buses, which first went into service in April 2009. The Circulator recently took delivery of fourteen A300K, 31-foot (9.4 m) buses to build out its route structure. The A300K was chosen because of its ability to do the work of 40-foot (12.2 m) buses for nearly all operations with the smaller body and engine of a midi bus. FirstTransit took delivery of twelve A300Ls and four AG300s in early 2009, for use on
4838-1082: The Asian market. The first machine was scheduled for production in March 2009. URS Ausino, in San Francisco, California, manages facility construction. Caterpillar has manufactured in Brazil since 1960. In 2010 the company announced plans to further expand production of backhoe and small wheel loaders with a new factory. Caterpillar has been manufacturing machines, engines, and generator sets in India, as well. Caterpillar has three facilities in India, which are in Tamil Nadu (Thiruvallur and Hosur) and Maharastra (Aurangabad). In addition to increasing sales of its core products, much of Caterpillar's growth has been through acquisitions, including: 2 May 2013: "We continuously evaluate our strategic portfolio to ensure alignment with our long-term strategy and have concluded
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4956-686: The Atlino and Atlon, with different floor heights, the Alicron, Acron and Astron, standard touring coaches with different heights and thus different luggage space, the Altano, which has an underfloor cockpit, the Astronef, which features a sloping theatre-style floor, and the double deck Astromega. Additionally, the T9 body is also available on chassis by Scania , Volvo , and VDL , though only in Sweden and
5074-757: The B20/B21/B22 and the B31, primarily divided by weight class, and then by wheelbase. The latter became upgraded in 1948 and renamed 2B20/2B21/2B22 and 3B31. The T31/T32 trolleybus chassis was also available from 1947. In 1950, the next generation was introduced, with the B41/B42, the B61/B62/B63/B64 and later the B83. From then, Scania-Vabis also offered the BF-series chassis, available as BF61/BF62/BF63, which had
5192-404: The British Isles. These motorcoaches are referred to as Alizee (single deck) and Astrobel (double deck). (The European T9 series should not be confused with the T9 series in the United States market, which corresponds with the European T8 New Look.) At Busworld 2011 in Kortrijk, Belgium, Van Hool presented the successor to the T9 series. The new series is called TX. In 2001, Van Hool introduced
5310-401: The British War Office ordered a Holt tractor and put it through trials at Aldershot . The War Office was suitably impressed and chose it as a gun tractor . Over the next four years, the Holt tractor became a major artillery tractor , mainly used to haul medium guns such as the 6-inch howitzer , the 60-pounder , and later the 9.2-inch howitzer. Holt tractors were also the inspiration for
5428-479: The C7 to use common rail fuel injectors and improved ACERT electronics. In 1998 Caterpillar purchased Perkins Engines of Peterborough, England, a maker of small diesel and gasoline engines. Perkins engines are used in various applications. Perkins engine products are dual branded with the Perkins nameplate for both loose and OEM engines, and the CAT nameplate for captive engines within Caterpillar products. In June 2008, Caterpillar announced it would be exiting
5546-523: The Caterpillar engines put the United States' submarine force at risk for cyberattack . In a 2015 interview on cybersecurity, the United States Navy clarified that Caterpillar actually has some of the most secure control systems. It will be used as a model of how the Navy will design cyber protections into its control systems. The Israel Defense Forces ' use of highly modified Caterpillar D9 bulldozers has led to Caterpillar being criticized by pro-Palestinian activists and some shareholders. In particular,
5664-417: The Challenger and CAT names and livery to them. This ended Cat's venture into agriculture. Caterpillar provides financing and insurance services to customers via Cat Financial and Caterpillar Insurance Services, both of which are subsidiaries of Caterpillar, Inc. Cat Financial provides retail and wholesale financing for Caterpillar products and services, in addition to other equipment provided or facilitated by
5782-414: The D6-based units and the Grader power units. A parallel program was also developing wheeled high hp tractors based on using the articulated loading shovel chassis was later merged with the crawler team. The result was the Challenger Tractor and the "Mobi-Trac" system. The Challenger has been marketed in Europe as Claas machines since 1997, with Caterpillar marketing the Claas-built Lexion combine range in
5900-443: The European T9 platform, the T21 series features an updated design and more engine choices. Whereas the T8 and T9 series are almost exclusively powered by Cummins diesel engines, the T21 series is available with Cummins M11 plus, Detroit Diesel Series 60, or Caterpillar C13 ACERT engines. Later models of the T21 simplified the windshield into two panes only, replaced headlight assemblies with individual projector lamps, and consolidated
6018-469: The European markets in the mid-1980s, but production continued in Brazil. In 1988, the 3-series was introduced, continuing the main models of the 2-series. In 1990, the new L113 became available, with a longitudinally rear-mounted engine which was inclined 60° to the left, to make a lower height than the K113. The 4-series was launched in 1997, continuing all model characteristics from the 3-series, but with all of them being just modular configurations of
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#17327985165976136-449: The Holt Manufacturing Company in 1890. The steam tractors of the 1890s and early 1900s were extremely heavy, sometimes weighing 1,000 pounds (450 kg) per horsepower , and often sank into the earth of the San Joaquin Valley Delta farmland surrounding Stockton, California . Benjamin Holt attempted to fix the problem by increasing the size and width of the wheels up to 7.5 feet (2.3 m) tall and 6 feet (1.8 m) wide, producing
6254-420: The Israeli army, among them Caterpillar. The Caterpillar Electronics business unit has formed Caterpillar Trimble Control Technologies LLC (CTCT), a 50:50 joint venture with Trimble Inc . CTCT develops positioning and control products for earthmoving and paving machines in the construction and mining industries, using technologies such as GNSS, optical total stations, lasers, and sonics. The products are used in
6372-415: The Scania-Vabis logo changed to a simple griffin's head on a white background. In February 1968, a new range of trucks was launched, and at the same time the company was rebranded as just Scania . In addition to Vabis disappearing from the name and a new logo, all current models received new model designations. In 1976, the Argentine industrial complex was launched. A few months later, on 10 September,
6490-413: The T8's production run included: In the 1980s, European countries started to move away from standard bus designs, leaving the design of transit buses to the manufacturers. Van Hool's response was the development of the A-series transit buses. The first member, the A500, was introduced in 1985. A complete family would follow, again following a clear naming convention. For example, in 'AG500': Production of
6608-445: The TDX24 Astromega double-decker highway bus (also marketed as the J-InterCity DD [ ja ] ) solely for the Japanese market, as the spiritual successor to the Mitsubishi Fuso Aero King which was discontinued six years earlier. In 1990, Van Hool purchased the coachbuilding business of LAG Manufacturing and continued producing their EOS models for about ten years. Van Hool filed for bankruptcy on Friday, 5 April 2024 and
6726-450: The UK's Titan armored bridge layer , Trojan combat engineering tank , Terrier combat engineering vehicles , and tank transporters ; the Romanian MLI-84 armored personnel carrier ; and the Swiss Piranha III light armored vehicle , which is currently being developed for use by American light armored formations; large fleets of military trucks in both the U.S. and UK; and the CV90 family of infantry fighting vehicles used by
6844-403: The USA. Claas and Caterpillar formed a joint venture, Claas Omaha , to build combine harvesters in Omaha, Nebraska, USA under the CAT brand. In 2002, Cat sold its stake to Claas, and licensed the use of CAT and the CAT yellow livery to Claas. They are marketed as Lexion combines now. Also in 2002, Caterpillar sold the Challenger tracked tractor business to AGCO and licensed the use of
6962-430: The United States initially, starting in 1987. Transit coaches by Van Hool were not introduced until 2002. Currently, Van Hool has four separate product lines: the TX series deluxe touring coaches, the CX series touring coaches, the TD925 and TDX double-decker coach, and the A-series transit buses. Van Hool's exclusive dealer in the United States is ABC Companies. In 2018, Van Hool Headquarters announced plans to construct
7080-476: The United States on three separate assembly lines at Aurora, Illinois. Caterpillar began selling a line of on-road trucks in 2011, the Cat CT660 , a Class 8 vocational truck . As of March 2016, Caterpillar has ceased production of on-highway vocational trucks stating that “Remaining a viable competitor in this market would require significant additional investment to develop and launch a complete portfolio of trucks, and upon an updated review, we determined there
7198-439: The University of Minnesota Campus Connector. Baltimore, Maryland 's Charm City Circulator have recently ordered and since put five A300Ls into service early 2011. The A300L was a supplement order to their already existing, but rehabilitating Designline buses. In 2015 Vanhool started production of the TX40 and Tx45 highway coach in the US. In 2018 production of the TX series stopped in the US. Introduced in 1995 and based on
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#17327985165977316-412: The V8, known as the BR115. Also the BR111 was launched as the replacement for the BR110, being derived from the CR111 complete bus. In 1976, many of the models were renewed, and designations were upped from 80 and 85 to 86, and from 110 to 111, except the BR145 which was later replaced by the BR116 in 1978. The BR112 was launched in 1978 as a forerunner to the 2-series , replacing the BR111. The rest of
7434-650: The armies of Sweden, Norway, Finland, Switzerland, the Netherlands, and Denmark. This division also provides both propulsion engines and power generation systems to the naval shipbuilding industry , such as the Series 3512B turbocharged V-12 diesel engine for American Virginia -class nuclear submarines . Caterpillar diesel engines are also used in San Antonio -class amphibious transport docks , Spanish Álvaro de Bazán -class frigates , British River-class offshore patrol vessels , Mexican Sierra -class patrol boats, and Malaysian Kedah -class MEKO A-100 offshore patrol vessels. The poor network security of
7552-443: The basic chassis. The 8.5-litre engine was replaced by a 9-litre, and the 11-litre was replaced by an 11.7-litre. They were joined by a 10.6-litre engine in 2000. The current Scania's bus and coach range has been available since 2006, and is marketed as the K-series , N-series and F-series , based on the engine position. Scania-Vabis' first complete bus model was the transversally rear-engined commuter bus Metropol (C50), which
7670-543: The commission in 2016. On 13 September 2022, following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine , Scania declared a cessation of operations in Russia. Export sanctions and restrictions were enacted on Russia. In March, Scania stopped deliveries of trucks and parts to Russia, and ceased production in Saint Petersburg. Scania announced the sale of assets of their company in Russia for 560 million USD. MAN Truck & Bus SE and Scania AB are subsidiaries of Traton. They are selling their assets in Russia to local partners, while Scania
7788-414: The company announced plans to move its global headquarters from Deerfield, Illinois, to Irving, Texas , beginning later in the year, citing "the best strategic interest of the company." The first tanks used in WWI were manufactured by William Foster & Co. , also in Lincolnshire, England, and were introduced to the battlefield in 1916. That company had collaborated with Hornsby in the development of
7906-435: The company employed 625 people and was exporting tractors to Argentina, Canada, and Mexico. Tractors were built in both Stockton and East Peoria. On January 31, 2017, the company announced plans to move their headquarters from Peoria to Deerfield, Illinois , by the end of 2017. The new location at 500 Lake Cook Road is the former site of a Fiatallis plant that manufactured wheel loaders for many years. On June 14, 2022,
8024-542: The company employed approximately 42,100 people around the world. Scania was listed on the NASDAQ OMX Stockholm stock exchange from 1996 to 2014. The company is a subsidiary of Traton , part of the Volkswagen Group . Scania's logo shows a griffin , from the coat of arms of the province of Scania ( Swedish : Skåne ). AB Scania-Vabis was established in 1911 as the result of a merger between Södertälje -based Vabis and Malmö -based Maskinfabriks-aktiebolaget Scania . Vagnfabriks Aktiebolaget i Södertelge (Vabis)
8142-458: The company's own vehicles, are used as the prime movers in locomotives , semi trucks , marine vessels, and ships, as well as providing the power source for peak-load power plants and emergency generators . Caterpillar 3116 engine was used up until 1997, when Caterpillar introduced the inline 6 cylinder 7.2 litre Caterpillar 3126 engine as its first electronic diesel engine for light trucks and buses. Caterpillar decreased emissions and noise
8260-547: The company. The company also generates income through the licensing of the Caterpillar and CAT trademarks and logos. Scania AB Scania AB ( / ˈ s k æ n i ə / SKAN -ee-ə , Swedish: [ˈskɑ̌ːnɪa] ), stylised SCANIA in its products, is a major Swedish manufacturer headquartered in Södertälje , focusing on commercial vehicles —specifically heavy lorries , trucks and buses. It also manufactures diesel engines for heavy vehicles as well as marine and general industrial applications. Scania
8378-415: The design and quality of the new buses. Utah Transit Authority (based in Salt Lake City ) purchased ten A300L 40-foot (12.2 m) buses in 2008, followed by four more in 2009, for its MAX Bus Rapid Transit system. These buses differ from AC Transit's A300Ls as they have three doors and are equipped for cold weather and high altitude operations. York Region Transit (north of Toronto , Ontario) uses
8496-568: The development of the British tank , which profoundly altered ground warfare tactics. Major Ernest Swinton , sent to France as an army war correspondent , very soon saw the potential of a track-laying tractor. Although the British later chose an English firm to build its first tanks, the Holt tractor became "one of the most important military vehicles of all time." Holt tractors had become well known during World War I . Military contracts formed
8614-694: The driver console. It is available as 40-foot (12.2 m) T2140 or extended 45-foot (13.7 m) T2145 versions. Introduced as a lower-cost coach for long-distance routes, the C20 series, styled similarly to the T21 series, was introduced in 2000 to the United States market. C20 is available with Cummins ISX12 or Detroit Diesel DD13 engines. Previous generations could also be equipped with Cummins M11 plus, Cummins ISM, Detroit Diesel series 60 and Caterpillar C13 engines. Both Allison B500 automatic and ZF AS Tronic automated gearboxes are available. Greyhound operates
8732-575: The engine is carried"). On February 2, 1910, Holt opened up a plant in East Peoria , Illinois, led by his nephew Pliny Holt. There, Pliny met farm implement dealer Murray Baker , who knew of an empty factory that had been recently built to manufacture farm implements and steam traction engines . Baker, who later became the first executive vice president of what became Caterpillar Tractor Company, wrote to Holt headquarters in Stockton and described
8850-656: The engine more conventionally mounted before the front-axle, leaving room for the door on a longer front overhang. From 1954, the B-series came as B51 and B71, and the BF as BF71 and later BF73. In 1959, the B55, B65 and B75, plus the BF75 were introduced, and were from 1963 available as B56, B66 and B76, plus the BF56 and BF76. Before the rebranding to Scania in 1968, Scania-Vabis had delivered
8968-563: The entrepreneurial efforts of their dealers into the haulier market. Probably their largest impact was in export markets. Before 1950, exports accounted for only 10 percent of production output, but a decade later, exports were at 50% of output. Beers in the Netherlands became a very important partner. Beers became official importers for Scania-Vabis in the Netherlands, and established a dealer network, along with training programmes for both mechanics and drivers. Beers also offered free twice-yearly overhauls of their customers vehicles, and offered
9086-664: The first Danish-built car, a four- seater Phaeton , was built at the company's Frederiksberg factory in Copenhagen . In 1914, the factory produced Denmark's first Scania-Vabis truck, and following this developed a V8 engine , one of the first in the world. In 1921, having sold around 175 trucks, and 75 cars, the Danish operation was closed down. In 1917 an agreement was established with the newly formed Norwegian company Norsk Automobilfabrik A/S about production under license of Scania-Vabis cars and lorries. Production began in 1919, but
9204-534: The first exhaustively crash-tested truck cabs. All current trucks from Scania are part of the PRT-range , but are marketed as different series based on the general cab height. Scania's bus and coach range has always been concentrated on chassis , intended for use with anything between tourist coaches to city traffic, but ever since the 1950s, when the company was still known as Scania-Vabis, they have manufactured complete buses for their home markets of Sweden and
9322-780: The first gearbox outside of Sweden was manufactured and finally in December an L111 truck became the first Scania made in Argentina. Soon the plant specialised in the production of gearboxes, axles and differentials that equipped both the units produced in Tucumán and those built in Brazil. Also in Argentina, in 1982 the Series 2 was launched as part of the "Scania Program", consisting of the T-112 and R-112 trucks with two cab versions and different options in engine and load capacity. In 1983,
9440-608: The large tractors from the company's product line and introduced smaller models focused on the agricultural market. When the Federal Aid Highway Act of 1921 funded a US$ 1 billion federal highway building program, Baxter began refocusing the company towards building road-construction equipment. Both companies also faced fierce competition from the Fordson company. Between 1907 and 1918, Best and Holt had spent about US$ 1.5 million in legal fees fighting each other in
9558-426: The latter being very profitable for Scania-Vabis. It also started to become a genuine competitor to Volvo with their new L71 Regent truck which was introduced in 1954. During this period, Scania-Vabis expanded its dealer network and country-wide specialist workshop facilities. By the end of the 1950s, their market-share in Sweden was between 40 and 50%, and was achieving 70% in the heaviest truck sector – helped by
9676-415: The major part of the company's production. When the war ended, Holt's planned expansion to meet the military's needs was abruptly terminated. The heavy-duty tractors needed by the military were unsuitable for farmers. The company's situation worsened when artillery tractors were returned from Europe, depressing prices for new equipment and Holt's unsold inventory of military tractors. The company struggled with
9794-571: The market leader Holt Caterpillar to form the Caterpillar Tractor Co. The new company was headquartered in San Leandro until 1930, when under the terms of the merger, it was moved to Peoria. Baxter had been removed as CEO earlier in 1925, and Clarence Leo Best assumed the title of CEO, and remained in that role until October 1951. The Caterpillar company consolidated its product lines, offering only five track-type tractors:
9912-640: The merger was a reality. Development and production of engines and light vehicles were set to Södertälje, while trucks were manufactured in Malmö. The company's logo was redesigned from Maskinfabriks-aktiebolaget Scania's original logo with the head of a griffin , the coat of arms of the Swedish region Scania (Skåne), centered on a three-spoke bicycle chainset . Initially the headquarters were located in Malmö, but in 1912 they were moved to Södertälje. Because there were many inexpensive, imported cars in Sweden at
10030-568: The model was renamed CR110 (CR110M and CR110L). In 1967, the coachwork manufacturer Svenska Karosseri Verkstäderna (SKV) in Katrineholm was acquired, and all production of bus chassis soon moved there too. Together with the rebranding in 1968, Scania re-introduced the front-engined CF range for customers in Sweden as a body-on-chassis product with the newly acquired SKV's former bodywork model "6000" on standard Scania chassis, but less than 100 were delivered until 1970. The CF110L (BF110 chassis)
10148-513: The new model designations were based on the engine displacement (8 and 11-litre), a scheme that Scania used for almost 40 years. In 1971, a new range of longitudinally mounted rear-engined chassis was launched, with the BR85 and its larger brother, the V8-powered 14-litre BR145, targeted at the coach market. In Brazil, the higher powered version was equipped with the standard 11-litre instead of
10266-519: The newA series transit buses, replacing the A series. It featured a new body design and many other changes. A complete family was developed, with different length and configurations. In April 2011, Van Hool launched the ExquiCity platform, aimed specifically at the BRT market. The bus has the styling and comfort of a tram , with the flexibility and cost of a bus. The ExquiCity was launched in two lengths,
10384-673: The next year in the 3126B version of the engine, and improved emissions further in 2002 with the 3126E which had an improved high-pressure oil pump and improved electronics. In 2003 Caterpillar started selling a new version of this engine called the C-7 to meet increased United States emission standards that came into effect in 2004; it had the same overall design as the 3126 version, but with improved fuel injectors and electronics which included its new Advanced Combustion Emissions Reduction Technology (ACERT) system. In 2007, as ultra-low-sulfur diesel became required in North America, Caterpillar updated
10502-631: The on-highway diesel engine market in the United States before updated 2010 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) emission standards took effect, as costly changes to the engines, which only constituted a small percentage of Caterpillar's total engine sales, would be likely. In October 2010, Caterpillar announced it would buy German engine-manufacturer MWM GmbH from 3i for $ 810 million. The Caterpillar Defence Products subsidiary, headquartered in Shrewsbury , United Kingdom, provides diesel engines, automatic transmissions, and other parts for
10620-582: The plant of the bankrupt Colean Manufacturing Co. of East Peoria. On October 25, 1909, Pliny Holt purchased the factory, and immediately began operations with 12 employees. Holt incorporated it as the Holt Caterpillar Company, although he did not trademark the name Caterpillar until August 2, 1910. The addition of a plant in the Midwest , despite the hefty capital needed to retool the plant, proved so profitable that only two years later,
10738-519: The postwar construction boom, the company grew at a rapid pace, and launched its first venture outside the U.S. in 1950, marking the beginning of Caterpillar's development into a multinational corporation . In 2018, Caterpillar was in the process of restructuring, closing a demonstration center in Panama and an engine-manufacturing facility in Illinois. Caterpillar built its first Russian facility in
10856-502: The production of its new Best Model 60 "Tracklayer". Both companies were adversely impacted by the transition from a wartime to a peacetime economy, which contributed to a nationwide depression , further inhibiting sales. On December 5, 1920, 71-year-old Benjamin Holt died after a month-long illness. The banks and bankers who held the company's large debt forced the Holt board of directors to accept their candidate, Thomas A. Baxter, to succeed Benjamin Holt. Baxter initially cut
10974-462: The rest of Scandinavia , and since the 1990s even for major parts of Europe. Scania-Vabis was involved in bus production from its earliest days, producing mail buses in the 1920s. In 1946, the company introduced their B-series of bus chassis, with the engine mounted above the front-axle, giving a short front overhang and the door behind the front-axle. The first generation consisted of the B15/B16,
11092-505: The same platform, the TX. The same philosophy is used on the transit bus range, the A-series. In recent years, the company has been focusing on new propulsion technologies, introducing fuel-cell hybrid buses as well as diesel-electric hybrids. The T8 platform was introduced in 1979. The body was based on the Alizee bodywork that had been launched the previous year. Over the course of several years,
11210-771: The single-articulated ExquiCity 18 and the double-articulated ExquiCity 24. Both are available as trolley buses, diesel-electric hybrids, fuel-cell hybrids or full-electric buses. First orders were placed by the Italian city of Parma (ExquiCity 18 trolley) and the French city of Metz (ExquiCity 24 diesel electric hybrid). A mock-up was presented at the UITP Congress in Dubai . A fleet of ExquiCity 18s commenced service in Belfast , Northern Ireland on 3 September 2018 delivering
11328-525: The swamping of the market with decommissioned military vehicles from the war, and by 1921 the company was bankrupt. After some economic difficulties in 1921, new capital came from Stockholms Enskilda Bank owned by the Wallenberg family , and Scania-Vabis became a solid and technically, high standing, company. Towards the end of 1913, the company established a subsidiary in Denmark. The following year
11446-440: The time, Scania-Vabis decided to build high-class, luxury cars, for instance the type III limousine from 1920 that had a top hat holder in the roof. Prince Carl of Sweden owned a 1913 Scania-Vabis 3S, a type which was fitted with in-car buttons so the passenger could communicate with the driver. Scania-Vabis also built two-seat sports cars (or "sportautomobil"). For the next few years the company's profits stagnated, with around
11564-624: The town of Tosno , located near St. Petersburg, Russia . It was completed in 16 months, occupied in November 1999, and began fabricating machine components in 2000. It had the first electrical substation built in the Leningrad Oblast since the Communist government was dissolved on December 26, 1991. The facility was built under harsh winter conditions, where the temperature was below −13 °F (−25 °C). The facility construction
11682-522: The track rising and falling over the carrier rollers looked like a caterpillar , and Holt seized on the metaphor . "Caterpillar it is. That's the name for it!" Some sources, though, attribute this name to British soldiers who had witnessed trials of the Hornsby tractor in July 1907. Two years later, Holt sold his first steam-powered tractor crawlers for US$ 5,500, about US$ 185,000 in 2024. Each side featured
11800-502: The tracks, eliminating the forward tiller and steering wheel. Several tractors were made and sold to operate in the Yukon , one example of which was in operation until 1927, and remnants of it still exist. Hornsby found a limited market for their tractor, so they sold their patent to Holt five years after its development. Company photographer Charles Clements, looking at the machine's upside-down image through his camera lens, commented that
11918-503: The transition from wartime boom to peacetime bust. To keep the company afloat, they borrowed heavily. C. L. Best Gas Tractor Company, formed by Clarence Leo Best in 1910, and Holt's primary competitor, had during the war received government support, enabling it to supply farmers with the smaller agricultural tractors they needed. As a result, Best had gained a considerable market advantage over Holt by war's end. Best also assumed considerable debt to allow it to continue expansion, especially
12036-727: The tunneling business no longer fits that strategy," – Stu Levenick. Caterpillar Tunneling Canada Corporation (CTCC) have notified employees that it will exit the business and cease production at its facilities by mid-2014. Caterpillar occasionally divests assets that do not align with its core competencies. Through fiscal year 2010, Caterpillar divided its products, services, and technologies into three principal lines of business: machinery, engines, and financial products for sale to private and governmental entities. As of 2022, Caterpillar reports its financials using four business segments: construction industries, resource industries, energy & transportation, and financial products. Caterpillar has
12154-532: The vehicles demonstrated to the British military in 1907, providing the paraffin (kerosene) engines. Holt's track-type tractors played a support role in World War I. Even before the U.S. formally entered WWI, Holt had shipped 1,200 tractors to England, France, and Russia for agricultural purposes. These governments, however, sent the tractors directly to the battlefront, where the military put them to work hauling artillery and supplies. When World War I broke out,
12272-591: Was an accident, caused by restricted field of view from the heavily armored operators' cabin. In 2014 Presbyterian Church (USA) sold its shares in Caterpillar citing the use of Caterpillar bulldozers involved in demolitions of Palestinian houses and Israeli surveillance activities in the West Bank . In August 2024, San Francisco State University announced that, as part of a deal with student activists, it would divest from four companies that supply weapons for
12390-608: Was approved by regulatory bodies in July 2008. Scania then became the ninth marque in the Volkswagen Group. By 1 January 2015, Volkswagen controlled 100% of the shares in Scania AB. In September 2017, Scania was fined 880 million euros (8.45bn Swedish krona ) by the EU for taking part in a 14-year price fixing cartel. The other five members of the cartel – Daimler , DAF , MAN , Iveco and Volvo / Renault – settled with
12508-734: Was available as 40-foot (12.2 m) T940 or extended 45-foot (13.7 m) T945 versions. Van Hool and ABC partnered with AC Transit ( Alameda and Contra Costa counties, California ) to demonstrate the A3 series as a future transit alternative in 2002. The AG300 is an articulated 60-foot (18.3 m) bus, while the A330 is a 40-foot (12.2 m) bus. The A330 and AG300 low floor transit coaches formally entered service in AC Transit's fleet in June 2003. AC Transit has over 290 Van Hool buses either in its fleet or on order as of August 2016. Van Hool
12626-411: Was available in 30,-40-and-45-foot (9.14, 12.19 and 13.72 m) length versions. T9 series are almost identical to the T8 series visually, and are largely identical mechanically as well, except for incremental updates. Later models in the T9 series have larger suspension airbags , as well as front disc brakes instead of drum brakes . Van Hool's VIN consider T8 and T9 to be the same family. It
12744-423: Was building sixteen hydrogen fuel cell buses for the United States as of August 2009. These buses are powered by fuel cells from UTC Power and lithium batteries from EnerDell. Twelve of the buses are being purchased by AC Transit and four by CT Transit of Hartford, Connecticut. This project is unusual in that the buses have been designed from the ground up as fuel cell buses and are designed, built, and integrated by
12862-516: Was built in the workshop in Södertälje on licence from the Mack C50 in 1953–1954 for customer Stockholms Spårvägar . It was followed in 1955 by the slightly shorter city bus version Capitol (C70/C75/C76), which was manufactured until 1964. In 1959, the front-engined CF-series was introduced with the CF65 and CF75 (later CF66 and CF76). The CF-series was built until 1966. In 1965, the rear-engined CR76
12980-526: Was declared bankrupt the following Monday (8 April 2024) by the Commercial Court of Belgium, with production stopping and putting 1550 jobs at risk. On 10 April 2024, it was announced that Van Hool's trustees had accepted a takeover bid from Netherlands-based bus manufacturer VDL and Germany-based semi-trailer manufacturer Schmitz Cargobull . In Europe, Van Hool has a broad range of coaches, though all designs share similar looks and are based on
13098-666: Was ended in 1921 after production of only 77 lorries, mostly built from Swedish produced parts. During the Second World War, Scania produced a variety of military vehicles for the Swedish Army, including Stridsvagn m/41 light tanks produced under licence. During the 1950s, the company expanded its operations into new customer segments, becoming agents for the Willys Jeep and the Volkswagen Beetle ,
13216-592: Was established as a railway car manufacturer in 1891, while Maskinfabriks-aktiebolaget Scania was established as a bicycle manufacturer in 1900. Both companies had tried their luck at building automobiles , trucks and engines, but with varied success. In 1910, Maskinfabriks-aktiebolaget Scania had succeeded in constructing reliable vehicles, while Vabis was at the brink of closing down. An offer from Per Alfred Nordeman, managing director of Maskinfabriks-aktiebolaget Scania, to steel manufacturer Surahammars Bruk , owner of Vabis, led to an agreement in November 1910, and in 1911
13334-568: Was formed in 1911 through the merger of Södertälje-based Vabis and Malmö -based Maskinfabriks-aktiebolaget Scania . Since 1912, the company headquarters have been based in Södertälje after the merger. Today, Scania has production facilities in Sweden, France, the Netherlands, Thailand, China, India, Argentina, Brazil, Poland and Finland. In addition, there are assembly plants in ten countries in Africa, Asia and Europe. Scania's sales and service organisation and finance companies are worldwide. In 2012,
13452-636: Was introduced as a replacement for the Capitol. It was available in two versions; the CR76M with double doors (2-2-0) for city and suburban traffic, and the CR76L with single doors (1-1-0) for longer distances. Because of Sweden's switch to right-hand traffic in September 1967 and the need for new buses with doors on the right-hand side, the model sold well. With the rebranding from Scania-Vabis to Scania in 1968,
13570-763: Was launched the K112 made in Tucuman (like the rest models) for replace the BR-116. In mid-1985 Scania entered the US market for the first time (aside from having sold 12,000 diesel engines installed in Mack trucks from 1962 until 1975), starting modestly with a goal of 200 trucks in all of 1987 (121 trucks were sold during calendar year 1986 ). Scania limited their marketing to New England , where conditions resemble those in Europe more closely. Many examples of Scania, Vabis and Scania-Vabis commercial and military vehicles can be seen at
13688-762: Was managed by the Lemminkäinen Group in Helsinki, Finland . In May 2022, production at the Tosno plant was stopped. In November 2023, an agreement was reached on the sale of Caterpillar assets to the Russian company PSK - New Solutions, founded by people from Sberbank . Experts believe that the resumption of Caterpillar production is unlikely and the plant will be repurposed. The $ 125 million Caterpillar Suzhou, People's Republic of China facility, manufactures medium-wheel loaders and motor graders, primarily for
13806-575: Was not a sufficient market opportunity to justify the investment,” said Ramin Younessi, vice president with responsibility for Caterpillar's Industrial Power Systems Division. “We have not yet started truck production in Victoria, and this decision allows us to exit this business before the transition occurs.” A portion of Caterpillar's business is in the manufacturing of diesel and natural gas engines and gas turbines which, in addition to their use in
13924-635: Was to help double the town's population. Scania-Vabis at some point in their history also manufactured trucks in Botswana, Brazil, South-Korea, Tanzania, the Netherlands, Zimbabwe and the United States. For some time Daimler-Benz waged a 'logo war' with Scania-Vabis, claiming a possible confusion between the Scania-Vabis 'pedal crank' design featuring on Scania bicycles around 1900 and the Mercedes 'three-pointed star'. In 1968, Daimler-Benz won and
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