Misplaced Pages

#436563

66-547: Samoa (formerly Brownsville ) is a census-designated place in Humboldt County , California . It is located 1.5 miles (2.4 km) northwest of Eureka , at an elevation of 23 feet (7 m). Samoa is located in the northern peninsula of Humboldt Bay and is the site of the Samoa Cookhouse , one of the last remaining original lumber camp–style cookhouses . The name Samoa is used interchangeably to refer to

132-417: A pastern bone being thrown upon a table, either from the hand or from a cup, and the values of the sides upon which they fell were counted. The pastern bone of a sheep, goat, or calf has two rounded ends upon which it cannot stand and two broad and two narrow sides, one of each pair being concave and one convex. The convex narrow side, called chios or "the dog", was counted as 1, the convex broad side as 3,

198-636: A "graveyard of the Pacific" in days before modern navigational aids were available. Even when the fog bank was no more than a threat on the horizon, landmarks on the higher ground east of Humboldt Bay were obscured by a low overcast of smoke from lumber mills and homes using wood fuel. Despite the construction of the Humboldt Harbor Light and the Table Bluff Light at least twenty-seven vessels had gone ashore in this vicinity before

264-421: A CDP have no legal status and may not always correspond with the local understanding of the area or community with the same name. However, criteria established for the 2010 census require that a CDP name "be one that is recognized and used in daily communication by the residents of the community" (not "a name developed solely for planning or other purposes") and recommend that a CDP's boundaries be mapped based on

330-491: A bouncing ball, it uses a larger stone called ina-ina ("mother") that the player tosses up into the air and must catch before it hits the ground. During the throw, the player gathers smaller stones (also seeds or cowries ) called anak ("children"). These vary in number but are usually eight to ten pieces. All of these actions are done only with the one hand. The game has multiple stages known by different names, each ranking up in difficulty and mechanics. The first stage picks up

396-630: A combination throw, since more than four sixes could not be thrown at a single time. The lowest throw, both in Greece and Rome, was the Dog. The game is also called amastarrika , bostarika , bostariketa , boxtarikuan , uztarika , or amaxarri in Basque . In Spanish, tabas is a game of the second type. Among Bulgarians and Gagauzs of Ukraine: ashyk Versions of the game are popular among children of Amazigh origin across North Africa , and goes by

462-555: A common base and are usually made of metal or plastic. The winner is the first player to successfully complete a prescribed series of throws, which, though similar, differ widely in detail. The simplest throw consists in either tossing up one stone, the jack, or bouncing a ball and picking up one or more stones or knucklebones from the table while the ball is in the air. This continues until all five stones or knucklebones have been picked up. Another throw consists of tossing up first one stone, then two, then three, and so on and catching them on

528-565: A companion and golden jacks with which to play. On the other hand, both Herodotus and Plato ascribe a foreign origin to the game. Plato, in Phaedrus , names the Egyptian god Thoth as its inventor, while Herodotus relates that the Lydians , during a period of famine in the days of King Atys , originated this game and indeed almost all other games, with the exception of draughts . Both

594-600: A dairy ranch established in 1859. Prior to private settlement of the area, the north spit at the entrance to Humboldt Bay was used by a series of federal government projects including the 1851 to 1892 Humboldt Harbor Light ; in 1862, a prisoner of war camp for Native Americans captured in the Bald Hills War ; the Humboldt Bay Life-Saving Station in 1878; and the stonemason finishing yard and trans-shipment point for foundation stones for

660-425: A population of 258. The population density was 308.4 inhabitants per square mile (119.1/km). The racial makeup of Samoa was 198 (76.7%) White , 1 (0.4%) African American , 9 (3.5%) Native American , 0 (0.0%) Asian , 0 (0.0%) Pacific Islander , 31 (12.0%) from other races , and 19 (7.4%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 52 persons (20.2%). The Census reported that 258 people (100% of

726-461: A population of at least 10,000. For the 1970 Census , the population threshold for "unincorporated places" in urbanized areas was reduced to 5,000. For the 1980 Census , the designation was changed to "census designated places" and the designation was made available for places inside urbanized areas in New England. For the 1990 Census , the population threshold for CDPs in urbanized areas

SECTION 10

#1732797859437

792-402: A rubber ball, five small metal cubes are used. The game cube is tossed in the air rather than bounced. In Turkey and Iran , there is a similar game called "ye qol do qol". In China , the game is called 抓石子 zhuāshízi ("pick up pebbles"). It is played with around seven pebbles or cloth bags filled with sand or rice. The player arranges the pebbles evenly first. They throw one pebble into

858-652: A track of balks across the Samoa peninsula and jacking the submarine up onto rollers to be towed across and relaunched into Humboldt Bay. This region experiences warm (but not hot) and dry summers, with no average monthly temperatures above 71.6 °F and cold, rainy winters that include a layer of morning fog. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Samoa has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate , abbreviated "Csb" on climate maps. The 2010 United States Census reported that Samoa had

924-404: A variant thereof. To set up the game, the jacks are scattered loosely into the play area. The players in turn bounce the ball off the ground, pick up jacks, and then catch the ball before it bounces for a second time. An alternative, without a ball and without scattering all the jacks on the ground, is to throw the jacks into the air with one hand, and catch as many jacks as possible on the back of

990-412: A wide variety of names in the various Tamazight dialects. The two forms of the game are present, the throw and catch version is called kapichua, payana, payanga, payanca, or payaya and it is a child's game played with stone pebbles, while the throw and gamble based on position is called jogo do osso or taba and is played with a single cow knucklebone. Of the first type this game is called: From

1056-624: Is a game of dexterity played with a number of small objects that are thrown up, caught, and manipulated in various manners. It is ancient in origin and is found in various cultures worldwide. The name "knucklebones" is derived from the Ancient Greek version of the game, which uses the astragalus (a bone in the ankle , or hock ) of a sheep . However, different variants of the game from various cultures use other objects, including stones, seashells , seeds , and cubes. Modern knucklebones consist of six points, or knobs, projecting from

1122-534: Is also referred to as the "mother". In Polynesia , the game is called by various names including kōruru , ruru , kai makamaka , ti kai and tutukai among the Māori ; kimokimo among Hawaiians ; timo or timo timo among Tahitians ; lafo litupa among Samoans ; and lavo among Fijians . It was very common among the natives of the Pacific Islands and were documented by early European explorers. It

1188-421: Is pre-ordained and sequential; at first one must be picked up ("onesies"), next two ("twosies"), and so on, depending on the total number of jacks included. The number may not divide evenly, and there may be jacks left over. If the player chooses to pick up the leftover jacks first, one variation is to announce this by saying "horse before carriage" or "queens before kings". The playing area should be decided between

1254-486: Is to toss all the stones from palm and place it on the back of the palm and then catch all four by tossing to above. In the Philippines , there are two types of traditional children's games of throwing stones. The first is known as kuru , sintak ("to shake/ winnow [grains]"), or balinsay ("to tumble end-over-end"), among other names. It is very similar to modern knucklebones but is indigenous in origin. Instead of

1320-422: Is vulnerable to tsunamis as its average elevation above sea level is only 3 feet (0.91 m). It also contains the unincorporated community of Manila and a United States Coast Guard station. Residential expansion is proposed that would double the size of Manila, which currently has neither fire or police services of its own. The ZIP Code is 95564. The community is inside area code 707 . The seaward side of

1386-764: The Iliad and the Odyssey contain allusions to games similar in character to knucklebones. Knucklebones in Central Asian cultures use the astragalus of sheep or goat or the calcaneus of wolves . They are known as shagai among Mongolians ; chükö among the Kyrgyz people ; kajik among the Tuvan people ; asyk among the Kazakh people ; ashyk among Turkish people ; bujulbozi among Tajik people ; and gacuha among

SECTION 20

#1732797859437

1452-654: The 1890 Census , in which the Census mixed unincorporated places with incorporated places in its products with "town" or "village" as its label. This made it confusing to determine which of the "towns" were or were not incorporated. The 1900 through 1930 Censuses did not report data for unincorporated places. For the 1940 Census , the Census Bureau compiled a separate report of unofficial, unincorporated communities of 500 or more people. The Census Bureau officially defined this category as "unincorporated places" in

1518-461: The 1950 Census and used that term through the 1970 Census. For the 1950 Census, these types of places were identified only outside " urbanized areas ". In 1960 , the Census Bureau also identified unincorporated places inside urbanized areas (except in New England , whose political geography is based on the New England town , and is distinctly different from other areas of the U.S.), but with

1584-476: The Manchu people . They are used in games, fortune-telling, and as musical instruments. In Central Asian knucklebones, each side of the astragalus has a name (called "horse", "camel", "sheep", "goat", or "cow") and have value in divination as well as dice throwing. There are multiple kinds of games played with knucklebones, including catching thrown pieces on the back of the hand, flicking the pieces into each other on

1650-526: The Mexico–United States border , and unincorporated resort and retirement communities and their environs. The boundaries of any CDP may change from decade to decade, and the Census Bureau may de-establish a CDP after a period of study, then re-establish it some decades later. Most unincorporated areas within the United States are not and have not been included in any CDP. The boundaries of

1716-529: The St. George Reef Light from 1883 to 1891 at Paysonville. The nongovernmental settlement was named Brownsville after James Henry Brown, a dairy farmer who settled his ranch on the present site of Samoa in 1865. James Brown was the first permanent white settler on the north peninsula of Humboldt Bay. He was born in Quincy, Illinois, in 1830 and came to Humboldt County in 1853, until a group of Eureka businessmen formed

1782-652: The United States Army Corps of Engineers to withstand the area's heavy seas, and were featured by Huell Howser on PBS 's California's Gold (Episode #803). Samoa peninsula includes the Manila and Samoa Dunes (some of the most ecologically diverse areas in California) and stretches to the Arcata Bottoms. The peninsula is about 10 miles (16 km) long by 1 mile (1.6 km). This area

1848-399: The 1986 movie My Chauffeur a woman named Casey Meadows played by Deborah Foreman has to chauffeur Battle Witherspoon played by Sam J. Jones to Samoa, while on their way the car breaks down. Census-designated place CDPs have been used in each decennial census since 1980 as the counterparts of incorporated places , such as self-governing cities , towns , and villages , for

1914-623: The Census Bureau considers some towns in New England states, New Jersey and New York as well as townships in some other states as MCDs, even though they are incorporated municipalities in those states. In such states, CDPs may be defined within such towns or spanning the boundaries of multiple towns. There are a number of reasons for the CDP designation: Jacks (game) Knucklebones , also known as scatter jacks , snobs , astragaloi ( singular : astragalus), tali , dibs , fivestones , jacks , jackstones , or jinks , among many other names,

1980-576: The Samoa Land and Improvement Company in 1889. Vance Lumber Company purchased the Humboldt Bay frontage from Samoa Land and Improvement Company for construction of a large sawmill in 1892. Eureka and Klamath River Railroad was chartered in 1893 to connect the Samoa sawmill and associated worker housing facilities to the city of Arcata and timberlands near the Mad River. The Samoa sawmill was

2046-412: The air and quickly grab a pebble on the table before catching the falling pebble. If the player touches more than one pebble on the table, they forfeit their turn. In Korea it is called 공기 ( gonggi ), also jjagebatgi , salgu , or datjjakgeoli . It involves five or more small pebbles called 공깃돌 ( gonggitdol ). It has five levels escalating in difficulty and mechanics. The first four levels increases

Samoa, California - Misplaced Pages Continue

2112-541: The back of the hand, very much as the game is played today. In ancient Rome , it was called tali : a painting excavated from Pompeii , currently housed in the National Archaeological Museum of Naples , depicts the goddesses Latona , Niobe , Phoebe , Aglaia and Hileaera , with the last two being engaged in playing a game of tali. According to an epigram of Asclepiodotus , astragali were given as prizes to schoolchildren. This simple form of

2178-447: The back of the hand. Different throws have received distinctive names, such as "riding the elephant", "peas in the pod", horses in the stable", and "frogs in the well". Knucklebones is of ancient indeterminate origin and has probably been independently invented several times. It is found throughout various cultures worldwide. The talus bones of hooved animals (also known as astragali) are found in archaeological excavations related to

2244-484: The boundaries for CDPs. The PSAP was to be offered to county and municipal planning agencies during 2008. The boundaries of such places may be defined in cooperation with local or tribal officials, but are not fixed, and do not affect the status of local government or incorporation; the territories thus defined are strictly statistical entities. CDP boundaries may change from one census to the next to reflect changes in settlement patterns. Further, as statistical entities,

2310-419: The boundaries of the CDP may not correspond with local understanding of the area with the same name. Recognized communities may be divided into two or more CDPs while on the other hand, two or more communities may be combined into one CDP. A CDP may also cover the unincorporated part of a named community, where the rest lies within an incorporated place. By defining an area as a CDP, that locality then appears in

2376-508: The concave broad side as 4, and the concave narrow side as 6. Four pasterns were used and 35 different scores were possible in a single throw. Many of these throws received distinctive names such as: Aphrodite, Midas, Solon, and Alexander. Among the Romans, some of the names were: Venus, King, and Vulture. The highest throw in Greece counted 40, and was called the Euripides . It was probably

2442-711: The county, showing that by 1922, the region of Samoa was parceled into an extractive resource industry. The largest tracts of land belonged to Hammond Lumber Company, while other enterprises included the Little River Redwood Company, the San Francisco Land Company, Big Lagoon Lumber Company, and Dolbeer & Carson Lumber Company, the latter owning the northerly marsh inlets stretching between the modern-day Arcata Bottoms and Mad River. Hammond Lumber Company railroads brought logs and lumber to Samoa from Little River and Big Lagoon until

2508-473: The cruiser USS Milwaukee (C-21) grounded here on January 13, 1917, and broke up in the pounding surf. The cruiser, disregarding recommendations of local mariners, was attempting to salvage the submarine USS H-3 (SS-30) . The submarine had gone aground on December 15, 1916; and its crew were living in tents on the beach. The submarine was later salvaged by the Mercer-Fraser Company building

2574-548: The game can also be played with stones, seashells, or seeds. Ancient Greek tradition and historiography ascribed the invention of knucklebones to various figures. Sophocles , in a written fragment of one of his works, ascribed the game to the mythical figure Palamedes , who supposedly taught it to his Greek countrymen during the Trojan War . According to a still more ancient tradition, Zeus, perceiving that Ganymede longed for his playmates upon Mount Ida , gave him Eros for

2640-465: The game does not use an ina-ina stone, but players instead just throw the collected pebbles (more than one at a time in later stages). The other game of throwing stones in the Philippines is known as siklot (meaning "flick"). It uses a large number of small stones, shells, or seeds (called sigay ) which are tossed in the air and then caught on the back of the hand. The stones that remain on

2706-427: The game is called anju kal ("5 stones"). It is played with 5–7 stones. It is played between two or more players in turn. The game is played in 5 rounds. Generally for first 4 rounds four stones are thrown on the floor. First round is to pick up 4 stones one by one. Second round is to pick 2 stones at a time. Third round is to pick 3 stones together and then pick one. Fourth round is to pick all four in one go. Last round

Samoa, California - Misplaced Pages Continue

2772-424: The game is called batu seremban (literally "five stones"), selambut , or serembat . Like the name implies, it only uses five pieces, usually stones, seeds (usually Adenanthera pavonina ), or small pyramidal bags of sand or rice. It also involves multiple levels of difficulty, varying in the number of stones collected and tossed. It does not have a specialized stone for throwing, though the one picked for throwing

2838-412: The game was generally only played by women and children, and was called penta litha or five-stones. There were several varieties of this game besides the usual toss and catch; one being called tropa , or hole-game, the object of which was to toss the bones into a hole in the earth. Another was the simple game of odd or even. The second, probably derivative, form of the game was one of pure chance, with

2904-403: The games. In Hawaii , each player has a throwing stone called aliʻi ("chieftain"). The smaller stones were called pohaku . Among Samoans and Fijians, they used around fifty to one hundred flat circular seeds of Entada gigas for the game. There were several methods of playing in ancient Europe. The first, and probably the primitive method, consisted in tossing up and catching the bones on

2970-788: The geographic extent associated with inhabitants' regular use of the named place. There is no provision, however, that this name recognition be unanimous for all residents, or that all residents use the community for which the CDP is named for services provided therein. There is no mandatory correlation between CDP names or boundaries and those established for other human purposes, such as post office names or zones, political precincts, or school districts. The Census Bureau states that census-designated places are not considered incorporated places and that it includes only census-designated places in its city population list for Hawaii because that state has no incorporated cities. In addition, census city lists from 2007 included Arlington County, Virginia 's CDP in

3036-615: The ground like marbles , tossing another object and gathering pieces, and so on. It can be played with individual players or teams by both children and adults and are common entertainments in cultural festivals. The Mongolian shagai is inscribed in the List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO in 2014. A variation, played by Israeli school-age children, is known as kugelach or chamesh avanim (חמש אבנים, "five rocks"). Instead of jacks and

3102-479: The hand are collected by the player and are known as biik ("piglets") or baboy ("pigs"). The player with the most biik plays the second stage first. The second stage involves the stones that fall on the ground. These are flicked into each other and collected if they hit each other. This is done until the player fails to hit a stone, then the next player does the same thing with the remaining stones, and so on. In Malaysia , Indonesia , Brunei , and Singapore ,

3168-640: The largest in Humboldt County when purchased by Andrew B. Hammond in 1900. The Samoa post office opened in 1894. A sash and door factory was added to the mill complex by 1909, and the company was reorganized as the Hammond Lumber Company in 1912. Hammond Lumber Company built an emergency shipyard during World War I , and seven wooden steam-ships were built at Samoa between 1917 and 1919. The 1921–22 Belcher Atlas of Humboldt County breaks down private and commercial land ownership throughout

3234-556: The list with the incorporated places, but since 2010, only the Urban Honolulu CDP, Hawaii, representing the historic core of Honolulu, Hawaii , is shown in the city and town estimates. The Census Bureau reported data for some unincorporated places as early as the first census in 1790 (for example, Louisville, Kentucky , which was not legally incorporated in Kentucky until 1828), though usage continued to develop through

3300-579: The number of pebbles collected per throw, while in the last level, the players catch the pebbles on the backs of their hand. In Japan , the game is called お手玉 ( otedama ) and originated from China during the Nara Period . It uses small bags of azuki beans called ojami . It is played in two ways: nagedama (投げ玉), which is similar to juggling; and yosedama (よせ玉), which is similar to modern knucklebones. In India , particularly in Tamil Nadu ,

3366-414: The peninsula is Samoa Beach. The great green combers of winter gales hump and crest about a half-mile offshore where the 30-foot (9.1 m) swell curve parallels the shoreline. During such storms, little can be seen between the breakers and the beach except the smoky spume of crests blown off by the wind. Varying currents and a high incidence of foggy days caused mariners to call the approach to Humboldt Bay

SECTION 50

#1732797859437

3432-526: The peninsula it occupies. The population was 258 at the 2010 census. Samoa was given its current name in honor of a contemporary crisis in the Samoan Islands in 1890s. It was assumed that its harbor was similar to the harbor of Pago Pago in American Samoa , and the town was consequentially named Samoa. It was originally known as Brownsville, named for James D.H. Brown, who was the owner of

3498-433: The period starting from 5000 BCE much more frequently than other bones. Astragalus, being almost symmetric, has only four sides on which it may rest and is an early example of the game of chance . Knucklebones are believed to be an early precursor of dice . In contrast to dice, the astragalus is not entirely symmetric, with the broad side having a chance ~0.38 and the other side having a chance ~0.12. However, variations of

3564-525: The players since there is no official game rule regarding that. The winning player is the one to pick up the largest number of jacks, and the game can be made more challenging by playing with fifteen or twenty jacks (two sets). Regardless of the total number of jacks in play, the player who gets to the highest game wins. Game one is usually single bounce (onesies through tensies); game two is chosen by whoever "graduates" from game one first, and so on. Some options for subsequent games are "double bounces", "pigs in

3630-616: The population) lived in households, 0 (0%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 0 (0%) were institutionalized. There were 91 households, out of which 28 (30.8%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 21 (23.1%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 13 (14.3%) had a female householder with no husband present, 13 (14.3%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 23 (25.3%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships , and 0 (0%) same-sex married couples or partnerships . 18 households (19.8%) were made up of individuals, and 1 (1.1%) had someone living alone who

3696-412: The purposes of gathering and correlating statistical data. CDPs are populated areas that generally include one officially designated but currently unincorporated community, for which the CDP is named, plus surrounding inhabited countryside of varying dimensions and, occasionally, other, smaller unincorporated communities as well. CDPs include small rural communities, edge cities , colonias located along

3762-400: The railway trestles were destroyed by wildfire in 1945. Georgia-Pacific Corporation purchased the Samoa sawmill complex in 1956 and began operation of a plywood mill in 1958. A modern sawmill replaced the original sawmill facilities in 1964. A pulp mill began operation in 1965. Some of the older worker housing was razed during construction of modern mill facilities, but the Samoa Cookhouse

3828-457: The same category of census data as incorporated places. This distinguishes CDPs from other census classifications, such as minor civil divisions (MCDs), which are in a separate category. The population and demographics of the CDP are included in the data of county subdivisions containing the CDP. Generally, a CDP shall not be defined within the boundaries of what the Census Bureau regards to be an incorporated city, village or borough. However,

3894-403: The same hand. The jacks that fall onto the ground are then the ones that the player must pick up. All the jacks that are caught except one are then put to one side. The saved jack is then used instead of a ball, by throwing it into the air and trying to pick up the jacks from the ground with the same hand before catching the tossed jack again with the same hand. The number of jacks to be picked up

3960-464: The second type: The modern game may use a rubber ball, and the knucklebones (jacks), typically a set of ten, are made of metal or plastic. There are variants of how the players decide who goes first: it is usually through "flipping" (the set of jacks is placed in cupped hands, flipped to the back of the hands, and then back to cupped hands again; the player who keeps the most from falling goes first), but may be via ip dip , or eeny, meeny, miny, moe , or

4026-411: The smaller stones by ones, twos, threes, and so on. Other stages include kuhit-kuhit , agad-silid , hulog-bumbong , sibara , laglag-bunga , and lukob . For example, in kuhit-kuhit the player must touch a forefinger on the ground at each throw while also collecting the stones. The last stage of the game is known as pipi , where the losing player is flicked on the knuckles by the player. A variant of

SECTION 60

#1732797859437

4092-535: Was 0%; the rental vacancy rate was 2.2%. 2 people (0.8% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 256 people (99.2%) lived in rental housing units. In the state legislature , Samoa is in the 2nd Senate District , represented by Democrat Mike McGuire , and the 2nd Assembly District , represented by Democrat Jim Wood . Federally, it is in California's 2nd congressional district , represented by Democrat Jared Huffman . In

4158-746: Was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.84. There were 47 families (51.6% of all households); the average family size was 2.87. The population was spread out, with 47 people (18.2%) under the age of 18, 59 people (22.9%) aged 18 to 24, 96 people (37.2%) aged 25 to 44, 47 people (18.2%) aged 45 to 64, and 9 people (3.5%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 28.1 years. For every 100 females, there were 126.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 137.1 males. There were 98 housing units at an average density of 117.2 per square mile (45.3/km), of which 91 were occupied, of which 1 (1.1%) were owner-occupied, and 90 (98.9%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate

4224-627: Was played by people of all ages and traditionally includes a meaningless rhythmic chant sung by the players. Like in the Philippine version, the game uses only one hand for catching the thrown stones and has multiple stages ramping up in difficulty and mechanics. The names, mechanics, and number of stages varies depending on ethnic group. Among the Māori , the game uses a marked throwing stone called hai , and around four to fifteen identical but unmarked rounded stones called kai mahi ("workmen"). Sets of these stones were created by hand and kept for

4290-593: Was preserved. The Samoa mill complex was transferred to Louisiana-Pacific Corporation during a Federal Trade Commission action initiated in 1972 The last old-growth timber was milled in 1980, and the area was set for sale in 2001. The coastal bar separating Humboldt Bay from the Pacific Ocean has been breached by a dredged channel to allow commercial shipping to enter the bay. The tips of the north and south jetties have unusual concrete breakers known as dolos , which resemble toy jacks . The breakers were built by

4356-481: Was reduced to 2,500. From 1950 through 1990, the Census Bureau specified other population requirements for unincorporated places or CDPs in Alaska , Puerto Rico , island areas, and Native American reservations . Minimum population criteria for CDPs were dropped with the 2000 Census . The Census Bureau's Participant Statistical Areas Program (PSAP) allows designated participants to review and suggest modifications to

#436563