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66-696: In August 2020, testing of the first automatic Platform screen doors (Rope-type Screen Door) commenced at the Vasil Levski Stadium Metro Station of the Sofia Metro . These safety barriers are intended for greater safety of passengers. Automatic partition doors on the existing Line 1, in addition to the Vasil Levski Stadium Metro Station, are also being built at the Opalchenska Metro Station . By 2022, this RSD system will be implemented at first 12 stations of

132-430: A bridge, a tunnel , or a level crossing . A variant on the side platform is the spanish solution which has platforms on both sides of a single through track. Modern station platforms can be constructed from a variety of materials such as glass-reinforced polymer , pre-cast concrete or expanded polystrene , depending on the underlying substructure. Most stations have their platforms numbered consecutively from 1;

198-412: A curved platform – often a platform gap is present. Usually such platforms will have warning signs, possibly auditory, such as London Underground 's famous phrase " Mind the gap ". There may be moveable gap filler sections within the platform, extending once the train has stopped and retracting after the doors have closed. The New York City Subway employs these at 14th Street–Union Square on

264-578: A dual-height platform. A railway station may be served by heavy-rail and light-rail vehicles with lower floors and have a dual- height platform, as on the RijnGouweLijn in the Netherlands. In all cases the platform must accommodate the loading gauge and conform to the structure gauge of the system. Platform types include the bay platform , side platform (also called through platform), split platform and island platform . A bay platform

330-474: A feasibility study to proceed. The results will be released sometime in 2025. Platform edge doors are currently in use at Lines 3 and 6 of the Santiago Metro , being a novelty in the system. All Chinese metro systems have platform screen doors installed on most of their lines. All stations built after the mid-2000s have some form of platform barrier. Guangzhou Metro Line 2 , which opened in 2002,

396-499: A few stations, including Cardiff Central , Haymarket , King's Cross , Stockport , and Gravesend (in the UK); and Lidcombe, Sydney (Australia), start from 0. At Bristol Temple Meads platforms 3 through to 12 are split along their length with odd numbered platforms facing north and east and even facing south and west, with a small signal halfway along the platform. Some, such as London Waterloo East , use letters instead of numbers (this

462-505: A guideline for platform safety specifies that for the platforms with train passing speeds between 160 kilometres per hour (99 mph) and 200 kilometres per hour (120 mph), there should be a yellow-line buffer zone of 1.5 metres (4.9 ft) and other warning signs. If trains can pass at speeds higher than 200 kilometres per hour (120 mph), the platforms should be inaccessible to passengers unless there are waiting rooms or screened areas to provide protection. The European Union has

528-578: A new kind of vertical platform screen doors, called platform curtains , are being tested on the platform 2bis of Vanves–Malakoff station (in Paris region) on the Transilien Line N commuter rail line. The experiment should end in February 2021. Transilien said that they preferred platform curtains to classical screen doors for this line because the positioning of the doors is not the same across

594-410: A regulation for platforms that are close to tracks with train passing speeds of 250 kilometres per hour (160 mph) or more should not be accessible to passengers unless there is a lower speed limit for trains that intend to stop at the station or there are barriers to limit access. Platforms usually have some form of warnings or measures to keep passengers away from the tracks. The simplest measure

660-477: A significant safety problem as the safe distance from the platform edge increases with the speed of the passing train. A study done by the United States Department of Transportation in 1999 found that trains passing station platforms at speeds of 240 kilometres per hour (150 mph) can pose safety concerns to passengers on the platforms who are 2 metres (6.6 ft) away from the edge due to

726-670: A station built for trains with a high floor, for example at the Dutch stations of the DB Regionalbahn Westfalen (see Enschede ). On the London Underground some stations are served by both District line and Piccadilly line trains, and the Piccadilly trains have lower floors. A tram stop is often in the middle of the street; usually it has as a platform a refuge area of a similar height to that of

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792-771: A train can arrive is referred to as a "track" (e.g. "The train is arriving on Track 5"). In other countries, such as the UK and Ireland, platform refers specifically to the place where the train stops, which means that in such a case island platforms are allocated two separate numbers, one for each side. Some countries are in the process of switching from platform to track numbers, i.e. the Czech Republic and Poland. In locations where track numbers are used an island platform would be described as one platform with two tracks. Many stations also have numbered tracks which are used only for through traffic and do not have platform access. Some of

858-668: A trial run with Faiveley automatic platform gates installed on a single platform at Vuosaari metro station during phase one of the project. The doors, which are part of the Siemens metro automation project, were built in 2012. Phase 2 of the project has been delayed due to metro automation technical and safety related testings. The doors were removed in 2015. All lines of the VAL automated subway system are equipped with platform screen doors at every station, starting with Lille subways in 1983. Those also include Toulouse and Rennes as well as

924-435: A tunnel's side wall, with "a gate having its ends guided in the guides, the ends and intermediate portions of the gate having rollers engaging the side wall". Pneumatic cylinders with pistons would be used to raise the gates above the platform when a train was in the station. Unlike Shute's invention, the entire platform gate was movable, and was to retract upward. The first stations in the world with platform screen doors were

990-470: A visually-contrasting color, for the full length of the platform. Ideally platforms should be straight or slightly convex , so that the guard (if any) can see the whole train when preparing to close the doors. Platforms that have great curvature have blind spots that create a safety hazard. Mirrors or closed-circuit cameras may be used in these cases to view the whole platform. Also passenger carriages are straight, so doors will not always open directly onto

1056-649: Is also present in some stations of Line 2 - Green and Line 3 - Red . They are planned to be installed in 41 stations of lines 1, 2 and 3 by the end of 2021, as well as all stations of line 5 by the end of 2020. PSDs are also found on the tube stations of the RIT BRT and in the Santos Light Rail since 2016. Half-height platform screen doors are in use on all stations of the Sofia Metro Line 3. In 2020, rope-type screen door (RSD) system

1122-447: Is currently rare since they are a much costlier and more complicated alternative to the aforementioned rope-type screen doors. The only difference from the latter is that they move sideways when letting passengers through. At Osaka Station, the doors are designed as a single block (equivalent to the length of a train car). It consists of five units: one wall-like "parent door" suspended from the top and two sets of glass "child doors". When

1188-770: Is entrapment between closed platform doors and the train carriage which, if undetected, can lead to fatality when the train begins to move (see § Incidents ). Cases of this happening are rare, and the risk can be minimised with careful design, in particular by interlocking the door system with the signalling system, and by minimising the gap between the closed platform doors and the train body. In some cases active monitoring systems are used to monitor this gap. Half-height platform edge doors, also known as automatic platform gates, are cheaper to install than full-height platform screen doors, which require more metallic framework for support. Some railway operators may therefore prefer such an option to improve safety at railway platforms and, at

1254-503: Is markings near the edge of the platform to demarcate the distance back that passengers should remain. Often a special tiled surface is used as well as a painted line, to help blind people using a walking aid, and help in preventing wheelchairs from rolling too near the platform edge. In the US, Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 regulations require a detectable warning strip 24 inches (61 cm) wide, consisting of truncated dome bumps in

1320-401: Is one at which the track terminates, i.e. a dead-end or siding . Trains serving a bay platform must reverse in or out. A side platform is the more usual type, alongside tracks where the train arrives from one end and leaves towards the other. An island platform has through platforms on both sides; it may be indented on one or both ends, with bay platforms. To reach an island platform there may be

1386-521: Is the first metro system in mainland China to have installed platform screen doors since its completion. The older Guangzhou Metro Line 1 also completed the installation of platform screen doors between 2006 and 2009. Only the Dalian Metro lines 3, 12, and 13, Wuhan Metro line 1 and Changchun Metro lines 3, 4, and 8 have stations without the platform screen doors on their early lines (As of 21 September 2019 ). However many are starting

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1452-404: Is to distinguish the platforms from numbered ones in the adjoining Waterloo main-line station for staff who work at both stations); some, such as Paris-Gare de Lyon , use letters for one group of platforms but numbers for the other. The actual meaning of the word platform depends on country and language. In many countries, the word platform refers to the physical structure, while the place where

1518-688: The CDGVAL and Orlyval airport shuttles. Paris Métro 's line 14 from Saint-Lazare to Bibliothèque François Mitterrand was inaugurated in 1998 with platform screen doors manufactured by Faiveley Transport . The new station Olympiades opened with platform screen doors in June 2007. Lines 1 and 4 have been retrofitted with platform edge doors, for full driverless automation effective in 2012 and 2023, respectively. Some stations on Line 13 have had platform edge doors since 2010 to manage their overcrowding, after tests conducted in 2006. Since 30 June 2020,

1584-931: The CRH network use platform screen doors set back from the platform edge. In addition, Fengxian District in Shanghai installed platform gates at a road crossing. Several stations on Bogota's TransMilenio bus rapid transit system use platform screen doors. The Ayacucho Tram in Medellin also has half-height platform doors at every station. The Copenhagen Metro uses Westinghouse and Faiveley platform screen doors on all platforms. Full-height doors are used on underground stations while surface level stations have half-height doors (except from Lufthavnen and Orientkaj ). Underground stations have had platform doors since opening, while above ground stations on lines 1 and 2 did not initially, and were installed later. The Helsinki Metro had

1650-514: The East Rail line are equipped with either platform screen doors or automatic platform gates. On the East Rail line, PSDs are installed only at Admiralty , Exhibition Centre and Hung Hom stations. Automatic platform gates have also been installed at Racecourse , Lok Ma Chau , Sha Tin , Sheung Shui , Tai Po Market and Tai Wai . Installation is still in progress or are soon to begin at

1716-616: The Minsk Metro , which first opened in late 2020, and will be installed at stations on the later sections of the line. The Platform Screen Doors are present in the São Paulo Metro since 2010, when the Sacomã Station was opened. As of 2019, five of the six lines of the São Paulo Metro have the equipment: Lines 4 - Yellow , 5 - Lilac and 15 - Silver have the equipment installed in all of its stations. The feature

1782-733: The Singapore MRT and the Hong Kong MTR , and stations on the Jubilee Line Extension in London. Platforms should be sloped upwards slightly towards the platform edge to prevent wheeled objects such as trolleys, prams and wheelchairs from rolling away and into the path of the train. Many platforms have a cavity underneath an overhanging edge so that people who may fall off the platform can seek shelter from incoming trains. In high-speed rail , passing trains are

1848-672: The Union and Pearson stations along the Union Pearson Express route to Toronto Pearson International Airport in Mississauga, Ontario . Platform screen doors will be installed at all stations on the forthcoming Ontario Line . In addition, as a part of major renovations and expansions to the Bloor-Yonge interchange, platform screen doors will be installed on both Line 1 platforms. The doors will also be installed on

1914-541: The platform from train tracks, as well as on some bus rapid transit , tram and light rail systems. Primarily used for passenger safety, they are a relatively new addition to many metro systems around the world, some having been retrofitted to established systems. They are widely used in newer Asian and European metro systems, and Latin American bus rapid transit systems. The idea for platform edge doors dates from as early as 1908, when Charles S. Shute of Boston

1980-593: The rolling stock , and that they plan to install them in other Transilien stations if the experiment is successful. Paris is now getting a new urban revolution : The Grand Paris Express . As of it, every new stations are getting brand new full platform screen doors, and it begins with the Line 14 extension inaugurated in 2024, from Saint-Denis pleyel to Orly Airport. People movers at Frankfurt International Airport , Munich International Airport and Düsseldorf Airport are equipped with platform screen doors, as well as

2046-522: The 67-kilometre-long driverless complementary suburban rapid transit network opening in five phases between 2023 and 2027 will feature screen doors at each of its 26 stations. With the advent of the REM on the horizon, calls to retrofit platform edge doors in the Montreal Metro to combat delays arising from overcrowding are becoming more common. If full-height doors were to be installed, it may reduce

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2112-573: The East Rail Line which used platform screen doors manufactured by Fangda Group. The opening of the Sunny Bay and Disneyland Resort stations in 2005 also meant the first platform-edge doors entering operation for the MTR network. These doors are currently the lowest in the entire network of being at around 1.2 m (3 ft 11 in) high, compared to 1.55 m (5 ft 1 in) on

2178-682: The Kwun Tong, Tsuen Wan, Island and Tung Chung lines and 1.7 m (5 ft 7 in) on the Tuen Ma and South Island lines . Railway platform A railway platform is an area alongside a railway track providing convenient access to trains. Almost all stations have some form of platform, with larger stations having multiple platforms. The world's longest station platform is at Hubballi Junction in India at 1,507 metres (4,944 ft). The Appalachian Trail station or Benson station in

2244-506: The Line 1 and Line 2 of the Sofia Metro . This European rapid transit-related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article about transport in Bulgaria is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Platform screen doors Platform screen doors ( PSDs ), also known as platform edge doors ( PEDs ), are used at some train , rapid transit and people mover stations to separate

2310-597: The Line 2 platforms once CBTC signalling upgrades are made to the line. The addition of such doors at Bloor-Yonge has prompted rumours of a broader system wide rollout, including in the forthcoming Scarborough Subway Extension and Yonge North Subway Extension , though no confirmation or funding has been announced by the Toronto Transit Commission or the Government of Ontario . Greater Montreal's forthcoming Réseau express métropolitain (REM),

2376-462: The United States, at the other extreme, has a platform which is only long enough for a single bench. Among some United States train conductors the word "platform" has entered usage as a verb meaning "to berth at a station", as in the announcement: "The last two cars of this train will not platform at East Rockaway". The most basic form of platform consists of an area at the same level as

2442-505: The aerodynamic effects created by pressure and induced airflow with speeds of 64 kilometres per hour (40 mph) to 95 kilometres per hour (59 mph) depending on the train body aerodynamic designs. Additionally, the airflow can cause debris to be blown out to the waiting passengers. If the passengers stand closer at 1 metre (3.3 ft), the risk increases with airflow that can reach speeds of 79 kilometres per hour (49 mph) to 116 kilometres per hour (72 mph). In United Kingdom,

2508-583: The cost of installation and to deal with the problem of different train types and distance between the doors. The first-ever full-height variable-type platform screen doors have only been recently installed at the underground platforms of Osaka Station , which opened in March 2023, but a few half-height variants can be found on a set installed at the Shinkansen platforms of Shinagawa Station in Tokyo . Its use

2574-552: The deep-level tunnels between stations, while the station vaults are dug out manually and contain both the tracks and the platform. However, in the case of the Saint Petersburg Metro, the TBMs bored a pair of continuous tunnels that passed through ten stations, and the stations themselves were built in vaults that only contained the platform, with small openings on the sides of the vault, in order for passengers to access

2640-535: The difficulty in opening station entrance doors at ground level due to the pressure imbalance caused by passing trains. Given that there are two different train door layouts on the Montreal Metro, with the older MR-73 trains having 4 doors on each side of the car, and MPM-10 having 3, it is unlikely platform doors will be showing up in the Montreal Metro until the retirement of the MR-73 fleet. In June 2023,

2706-460: The first station to receive platform screen doors from this programme in August 2001. The Mass Transit Railway became the first metro system in the world to retrofit PSDs on a transit system already in operation. The program was completed in March 2006. All subsequent new stations or platforms installed with PSDs also used those manufactured by Gilgen Door Systems, until the cross-harbour extension of

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2772-685: The first-fully automated rapid transit rail system in Australia. Full-height screen doors are provided on most underground platforms, with full-height edge doors on at-grade, elevated and some underground platforms. The existing five stations on the Epping to Chatswood railway line were upgraded to rapid transit standard, all being fitted with full-height platform edge doors. In Melbourne, the Metro Tunnel , from South Kensington to South Yarra , due to open in 2025, will have platform screen doors on

2838-455: The kind of rolling stock that may be used on a line, as the train doors must fit the spacing of the platform doors; which can result in additional costs due to depot upgrades and otherwise unnecessary purchases of rolling stock. Despite delivering an overwhelming improvement to passenger safety at the platform-train interface, platform screen doors do introduce new hazards which must be carefully managed in design and delivery. The principal hazard

2904-672: The new Boggo Road , Woolloongabba and Albert Street underground stations, and the new underground platforms of Roma Street . Currently, only the Serfaus U-Bahn uses platform screen doors. Line U2 of the Vienna U-Bahn is being reconstructed from Schottentor station to Karlsplatz station , with the addition of platform screen doors to the reconstructed stations by 2023–2024. The Dhaka Metro Rail uses half-height platform screen doors at all of its elevated stations. Platform screen doors are being installed on Line 3 of

2970-400: The next train. There are often loudspeakers as part of a public address (PA) system. The PA system is often used where dynamic timetables or electronic displays are not present. A variety of information is presented, including destinations and times (for all trains, or only the more important long-distance trains), delays, cancellations, platform changes, changes in routes and destinations,

3036-459: The number of carriages in the train and the location of first class or luggage compartments, and supplementary fee or reservation requirements. Some metro stations have platform screen doors between the platforms and the tracks. They provide more safety, and they allow the heating or air conditioning in the station to be separated from the ventilation in the tunnel, thus being more efficient and effective. They have been installed in most stations of

3102-401: The older stations to reduce suicides on the MTR and reduce air-conditioning costs. Platforms 2 and 3 of Choi Hung were chosen for the trial due to them being redundant platforms and receiving low numbers of passengers. Platform screen doors of two and a half cars' length were installed on each of the two platforms during the trial in 1996. As the Kwun Tong line trains consisted of eight cars, it

3168-475: The ones installed on the Disneyland Resort line. There are also rope-type platform screen doors, where multiple train types with different length and train door structures use the same platforms. The barriers move upwards, rather than sideways, when letting passengers through. Some Japanese, Korean, Chinese and eastern European countries have railway stations that use rope-type screen doors to lower

3234-580: The operator of the Vancouver SkyTrain , TransLink announced a feasibility study into installing platform screen doors on the Expo and Millennium lines. Such installation was previously deemed infeasible, due to SkyTrain's diverse fleet and different door positions. However, with the acquisition of the Alstom Mark V trains , which will replace the ageing Mark I , the door positions allow for

3300-567: The optimal position to align precisely with the position of each car door. Since the technology is still new, such doors are still going through testing phases in several countries around the world. Line D of the Buenos Aires Subte is planned to have platform screen doors installed in the future as soon as the CBTC system is installed. Sydney Metro , which opened in May 2019, was

3366-420: The platform edge onto the railway tracks . But they sometimes reach to the height of the train. Like full-height platform screen doors, these platform gates slide open or close simultaneously with the train doors. These two types of platform screen doors are presently the main types in the world. These doors help to: Their primary disadvantage is their cost. When used to retrofit older systems, they can limit

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3432-555: The process of retrofitting these lines with platform screen gates. In addition, many bus rapid transit systems such as the Guangzhou Bus Rapid Transit also have stops that are equipped with platform screen doors. Platform screen doors are also present in some tram and light rail stops such as the Xijiao Light rail , Nanjing tram and Chengdu tram . Several underground high speed railway stations of

3498-400: The remaining stations. Automatic platform gates are currently only used in at-grade and elevated stations, while platform screen doors are used in all underground and some at-grade or elevated stations. None of the light rail platforms have platform screen doors or automatic platform gates installed. The MTR Corporation had since mid-1996, been studying the feasibility of installing PSDs at

3564-553: The same time, keep costs low and non-air-conditioned platforms naturally ventilated. However, these gates are less effective than full platform screen doors in preventing people from intentionally jumping onto the tracks. These gates were first in practical use by the Hong Kong MTR on the Disneyland Resort line for the open-air station designs. Most half-height platform edge door designs have taller designs than

3630-399: The sidewalk, e.g. 100 mm (4 in), and sometimes has no platform. The latter requires extra care by passengers and other traffic to avoid accidents. Both types of tram stops can be seen in the tram networks of Melbourne and Toronto . Sometimes a tram stop is served by ordinary trams with rather low floors and metro -like light rail vehicles with higher floors, and the tram stop has

3696-528: The station facilities are often located on the platforms. Where the platforms are not adjacent to a station building, often some form of shelter or waiting room is provided, and employee cabins may also be present. The weather protection offered varies greatly, from little more than a roof with open sides, to a closed room with heating or air-conditioning. There may be benches , lighting , ticket counters, drinking fountains , shops, trash boxes, and static timetables or dynamic displays with information about

3762-401: The station floor and ceiling, while the half-height platform screen doors are referred to as platform edge doors or automatic platform gates , as they do not reach the ceiling and thus do not create a total barrier. Platform gates are usually only half of the height of the full-screen doors, are chest-height sliding doors at the edge of railway platforms to prevent passengers from falling off

3828-804: The suspended monorail in Dortmund , called H-Bahn . Plans are underway to test platform screen doors on the Munich U-Bahn in 2023 and line U5 & U6 will be installed in late 2026. All stations on the forthcoming line U5 on the Hamburg U-Bahn will feature full-height platform screen doors. Platform screen doors will be used on the driverless Thessaloniki Metro , which opens in November 2023 and in Line 4 of Athens Metro . Currently, all heavy rail and medium-capacity railway platforms outside

3894-507: The ten stations of the Saint Petersburg Metro 's Line 2 that opened between 1961 and 1972. The platform "doors" are actually openings in the station wall, which supports the ceiling of the platform. The track tunnels adjoining the ten stations' island platforms were built with tunnel boring machines (TBMs), and the island platforms were actually located in a separate vault between the two track tunnels. Usually, TBMs bore

3960-410: The track, usually resulting in a fairly large height difference between the platform and the train floor. This would often not be considered a true platform. The more traditional platform is elevated relative to the track but often lower than the train floor, although ideally they should be at the same level. Occasionally the platform is higher than the train floor, where a train with a low floor serves

4026-451: The train reaches the station, a special scanner on the platform receives and scans the information on the ID tag placed on the train to identify the type and the number of train cars. With the type and the number of cars for the arriving train having been instantly identified, each unit will slide automatically to match the length of the stopped train cars. The parent and child doors then slide into

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4092-523: The trains in the tunnels. Singapore 's Mass Rapid Transit , opened in 1987, is often described as the first heavy metro system in the world to incorporate PSDs into its stations for climate control and safety reasons, rather than architectural constraints, though the light Lille Metro , opened in 1983, predates it. Although the terms are often used interchangeably, platform screen doors can refer to both full-height and half-height barriers. Full height platform screen doors are total barriers between

4158-484: The underground stations. New rolling stock is being constructed, with doors that will line up with full-height ones on the platforms. The future automated rapid transit Suburban Rail Loop rail system, which will open in 2035 will also have platform screen doors at every station. The Cross River Rail in Brisbane, which is currently under construction and scheduled to open in 2026, will have platform screen doors on

4224-714: Was decided that the PSDs were to be removed to allow for smoother train operations. With the opening of the Tung Chung line and Airport Express , Hong Kong had its first full-height PSDs fully operational in 1998. The MTR decided in 1999 to undertake the PSD Retrofitting Programme at 74 platforms of 30 select underground stations on the Kwun Tong , Island , and Tsuen Wan lines . 2,960 pairs of PSDs were ordered from Gilgen Door Systems. Choi Hung became

4290-450: Was granted a patent for "Safety fence and gate for railway-platforms". The invention consisted of "a fence for railway platform edges", composed of a series of pickets bolted to the platform edge, and vertically movable pickets that could retract into a platform edge when there was a train in the station. In 1917, Carl Albert West was granted a patent for "Gate for subrailways and the like". The invention provided for spaced guides secured to

4356-500: Was installed in Vasil Levski Stadium Metro Station and Opalchenska Metro Station of the Sofia Metro Line 1 and Line 2. In total, such rope-type safety barriers will be installed on more 10 of the busiest stations on the Line 1 and 2 of the Sofia Metro , providing increased safety for passengers and protecting against accidental falls. Screen doors are in use at all three LINK Train stations and

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