83-576: Vetrimaaran (born 4 September 1975) is an Indian film director, film producer and screenwriter who primarily works in Tamil cinema . He is known for his unique filmography with major commercial success and high critical acclaim works. He has won five National Film Awards , three Filmfare South Awards and one Tamil Nadu State Film Award . Vetrimaaran made his directorial debut with Polladhavan (2007). His second feature film Aadukalam (2011) won six National Film Awards . His 2016 directorial Visaranai
166-956: A town or village to screen the films. The first of its kind was established in Madras , called "Edison's Grand Cinemamegaphone". This was due to the fact that electric carbons were used for motion picture projectors. Most of the films screened then were shorts made in the United States and Britain . In 1909, an Englishman, T. H. Huffton, founded Peninsular Film Services in Madras and produced some short films for local audiences. But soon, hour-long films, which narrated dramatic stories, then known as " drama films ", were imported. From 1912 onwards, feature films made in Bombay (now Mumbai ) were also screened in Madras. The era of short films had ended. The arrival of drama films firmly established cinema as
249-674: A Million (1935), Il signor Max (1937), Department Store (1939), Manon Lescaut . Between 1931 and 1940, he starred in and directed 23 productions. During 1934 in Verona, De Sica first met screenwriter Cesare Zavattini , for many years they would become inseparable collaborators and created some of the most celebrated films of the neorealistic age , like Sciuscià ( Shoeshine ) and Bicycle Thieves (released as The Bicycle Thief in America), both directed by De Sica. In 1940, supported by producer Giuseppe Amato, De Sica debuted as
332-596: A decent market. Tamil films have enjoyed consistent popularity among populations in South East Asia . Since Chandralekha , Muthu was the second Tamil film to be dubbed into Japanese (as Mutu: Odoru Maharaja ) and grossed a record $ 1.6 million in 1998. In 2010, Enthiran grossed a record $ 4 million in North America. Many Tamil-language films have premiered or have been selected as special presentations at various film festivals across
415-750: A director and created Rose scarlatte . In 1944, De Sica received an invitation from Goebbels to make a film in Prague , but refused, using an offer from the Catholic Film Centre in Rome as an excuse. De Sica's 1946 drama Sciuscià won the Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film in 1947. Despite the film's critical success, it failed in the Italian box office because the public craved easier films and mostly went to comedies. It
498-606: A double family life, with double celebrations on holidays. It is said that, at Christmas and on New Year's Eve, he used to put back the clocks by two hours in Mercader's house so that he could make a toast at midnight with both families. Rissone agreed to keep up the facade of a marriage so as not to leave her daughter without a father. After finally divorcing Rissone in France in 1954, he married Mercader in 1959 in Mexico, but this union
581-531: A few months. Once it was demonstrated as a commercial proposition, a Western entrepreneur, Warwick Major, built the first cinema theatre , the Electric Theatre, which still stands. It was a favourite haunt of the British community in Madras. The theatre was shut down after a few years. This building is now part of a post office complex on Anna Salai ( Mount Road ). The Lyric Theatre was also built in
664-451: A film directed by Rossellini in which De Sica played the title role. In 1937 Vittorio De Sica married the actress Giuditta Rissone , who gave birth to their daughter, Emilia (10 February 1938-23 March 2021). In 1942, on the set of Un garibaldino al convento , he met Spanish actress María Mercader (cousin of Ramon Mercader , Leon Trotsky 's assassin), with whom he started a relationship. De Sica never parted from his first family: he led
747-690: A gangster thriller. But Vetri Maaran's display of twists and turns will win you over." Sowmya Rajendran , editor-in-chief of The News Minute wrote "From the colourful curses of the street to each of the characters, the film gives us a very real glimpse of gang wars. Vetrimaaran-Dhanush delivers a brilliant gangster film." Baradwaj Rangan of Film Companion South wrote "Dhanush's ascent to stardom has come alongside his growth as an actor, and there’s not one scene where he makes us doubt his character's actions. With his outstanding cinematographer Velraj, Vetrimaaran unleashes one flamboyant scene after another." Vada Chennai earned ₹ 50 crore (US$ 6.0 million) at
830-420: A grand exhibition was organised in Madras . Its major attraction was the screening of short films accompanied by sound. A British company imported a Crone megaphone , made up of a film projector to which a gramophone with a disc containing prerecorded sound was linked, and both were run in unison, producing picture and sound simultaneously. However, there was no synched dialogue . Raghupathi Venkaiah Naidu ,
913-638: A permanent cinema house in Madras—Gaiety, in 1914, the first cinema house in Madras to be built by an Indian. He soon added two more, Crown Theatre in Mint and Globe (later called Roxy) in Purasawalkam . Swamikannu Vincent, who had built one of the first cinema halls of South India in Coimbatore , introduced the concept of "Tent Cinema" in which a tent was erected on a stretch of open land close to
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#1732786616124996-566: A popular entertainment form. More cinema houses came up in the city. Fascinated by this new entertainment form, an automobile dealer in the Thousand Lights area of Madras, R. Nataraja Mudaliyar , decided to venture into film production. After a few days' training in Pune with the cinematographer Stewart Smith, the official cinematographer of Lord Curzon 's 1903 Durbar, he started a film production concern in 1916. The man who truly laid
1079-506: A popular song Lodovico sei dolce come un fico sang by De Sica. In 1933, De Sica, Rissone, and Tofano founded their own company. The period of Tofano-Rissone-De Sica was notable also due to De Sica's acquaintance to Aldo De Benedetti and Gherardo Gherardi , the screenwriters with whom he had a long and fruitful collaboration. Tofano-Rissone-De Sica performed mostly light comedies , but they also staged plays by Beaumarchais and worked with famous directors like Luchino Visconti . In 1936,
1162-475: A result, Vetrimaaran in a video statement, apologized to anyone who may have been hurt by the offensive scenes and agreed to remove them from the film. After a long delay, Vada Chennai was released on 18 October 2018, opening to critical and commercial acclaim, with critics praising the story, screenplay and each of the actors' performance. Janani K, a critic from India Today gave a rating of 4/5 stars and said that " Vada Chennai has everything you look for in
1245-524: A romantic protagonist in Ferenc Molnár 's Gli occhi azzurri dell'imperatore . During that period he met Umberto Melnati , an actor from Livorno , with whom formed a successful comic duo and collaborated in many films and theatre plays. On 3 October 1930, they premiered in Teatro Manzoni with L'isola meravigliosa based on Ugo Betti 's play. They were soon spotted by Mario Mattoli who
1328-454: A row: Kodi (2016), Lens (2017) and Annanukku Jai (2018). His fourth directorial venture which he had been preparing for since 2009, Vada Chennai saw him reunite with Dhanush, Samuthirakani, Kishore, Daniel Balaji , Pawan , cinematographer Velraj, art director Jacki , and editor G. B. Venkatesh. The film is about a skilled carrom player who becomes a reluctant participant in a gang war between two rival gangsters. Like Aadukalam ,
1411-740: A secondary hub for Hindi cinema , other South Indian film industries, as well as for Sri Lankan cinema . Over the last quarter of the 20th century, Tamil films established a global presence, enjoying strong box office collections among Tamil-speaking audiences in Sri Lanka , Malaysia , and Singapore . Tamil films are also distributed throughout the Middle East , Oceania , Europe , North America , parts of Africa , and Japan . The industry also inspired independent filmmaking among Tamil diaspora populations in Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Singapore, and
1494-443: A seminar organised by Balu Mahendra , who at that time was a visiting professor at Loyola. Impressed by the veteran filmmaker, Vetrimaaran decided that he would learn filmmaking from him. Mahendra then accepted Vetrimaaran as one of his lead assistants. Following this, he faced the dilemma of choosing between studies and film. He opted for the latter, which meant he had to opt out of his course at Loyola. Mahendra expanded his duties for
1577-460: A standard deviation of ±10 lakh tickets during 2011–16. The Chennai film industry produced the first nationally distributed film across India in 1948 with Chandralekha . They have one of the widest overseas distribution, with large audience turnout from the Tamil diaspora . They are distributed to various parts of Asia, Africa, Western Europe, North America and Oceania. Many successful Tamil films have been remade by other film industries. It
1660-586: A studio, the first in south India, was set up in Madras at 10 Millers Road, Kilpauk. He called it the India Film Company. Rangavadivelu, an actor from Suguna Vilasa Sabha, a theatre company then, was hired to train the actors. Thirty-five days later, the first feature film made in south India, The Extermination of Keechakan / Keechakavatham , based on an episode from the Mahabharata , was released produced and directed by R. Nataraja, who established
1743-704: A successful photographer , took over the equipment after the exhibition and set up a tent cinema near the Madras High Court . With this equipment, he screened the short films Pearl Fish and Raja's Casket in the Victoria Public Hall. When this proved successful, he screened the films in a tent set up in Esplanade. These tent events were the true precursors of the cinema shows. Naidu travelled with this unit to Burma (now Myanmar ) and Sri Lanka , and when he had gathered enough money, he put up
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#17327866161241826-405: A top class film about reality comparable to 2012 Cannes favorite Gangs of Wasseypur . Baradwaj Rangan , then of The Hindu wrote "Visaranai is beautifully filmed, though there isn't much room for beauty. The frames appear to have been snatched from the back alleys of life. The verité illusion is aided by the utterly lifelike performances—even if the word "performance" seems wrong." Visaranai
1909-468: A very close relationship with his father and later dedicated to him the film Umberto D. The first interest in cinema sparked in Vittorio due to his father's occasional performances in silent movies: he filled in for the pianists. As an adult, Vittorio De Sica described their family state in his early years as 'tragic and aristocratic poverty'. In 1914, the family moved to Naples. Upon the outbreak of
1992-446: Is a noted novelist. He has an elder sister. He later moved to Ranipet . He is married to Aarthi whom he met at Loyola College where he was studying. They have two children, Poonthendral and Kathiravan. While studying English literature at Loyola College, he undertook a course on television presentation, at the end of which he had to make a film. While making the film, he learned of his inclination towards filmmaking. Later, he attended
2075-717: Is based on Poomani's novel Vekkai ( transl. Heat ) and is influenced by the real-life Kilvenmani massacre that occurred in 1968. Dhanush plays a lower class farmer who has to protect his family when his youngest son murders a rich upper class landlord and would be seen in two looks: one as a young man in a flashback and the second as a middle-aged man in the present. Upon release in October 2019, it received critical acclaim. The Times of India , rated 3.5 out of 5 stars, stating that "Vetri Maaran delivers yet another solid action drama that keeps us engrossed from start to finish." S. Subhakeerthana from The Indian Express rated
2158-767: Is estimated by the Manorama Yearbook 2000 (a popular almanac) that over 5,000 Tamil films were produced in the 20th century. Tamil films have also been dubbed into other languages, thus reaching a much wider audience. There has been a growing presence of English in dialogue and songs in Chennai films. It is not uncommon to see movies that feature dialogue studded with English words and phrases, or even whole sentences. Some movies are also simultaneously made in two or three languages (either using subtitles or several soundtracks). Chennai's film composers have popularised their highly unique, syncretic style of film music across
2241-490: Is the most powerful, most gut-churning installment. The house becomes a character of its own, with its clearly established geography...It may seem strange to say this, given Vetri Maaran’s terrific run of films, but Oor Iravu is his best-directed work." In 2023, Vetrimaaran directed Viduthalai Part 1 , based on the Vachathi case . The film featured once comedian now a mass hero Soori as a police constable, with him playing
2324-565: The Best Children's Film Award at the 62nd National Film Awards . Vetrimaaran's third venture was the crime-thriller Visaranai (2016) was based on M. Chandrakumar's novel Lock Up . The film deals with the lives of a few Tamil laborers subject to horrific atrocities committed by the police from which they are unable to escape. Vetrimaaran chose to begin the film before the schedule for his other venture Vada Chennai (2018) and reunited with actors Dinesh, Murugadoss, and Kishore, where
2407-797: The Central Board of Film Certification alone were eligible for tax exemption and those with an "A" certificate could not fit into this category. There are three major roles in the Tamil film value chain viz producer, distributor and exhibitor. The distributor purchases theatrical distribution rights from the producer for exhibiting the film in a defined territory. The distributor performs enhanced functions such as: There are three popular approaches to transfer of distribution rights via distribution contracts: There are four popular approaches to transfer of exhibition rights via exhibition contracts: Film studios in Chennai are bound by legislation, such as
2490-596: The First World War , they moved to Florence . Eventually, they settled down in Rome. At the age of 15, De Sica started performing as an actor in amateur plays staged in hospitals for recovering soldiers. He started studying to become an accountant when in 1917 through a family friend Edoardo Bencivenga he got a small part in the Alfredo De Antoni film The Clemenceau Affair . De Sica was laureated in 1923. Described as strikingly handsome, already in
2573-412: The Madras audience. The legendary Otraivadai drama theatre had been built in 1872 itself in Mint. Many drama halls had come up in the city where short silent films were screened in the afternoon and plays were enacted in the night. The scene changed in 1934 when Madras got its first sound studio. By this time, all the cinema houses in Madras had been wired for sound. Narayanan, who had been active during
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2656-403: The Tamil -language only. This is in accordance with Government Order 72 passed on 22 July 2006. The first film to be released after the new Order was Unakkum Enakkum . The original title had been Something Something Unakkum Ennakkum , a half-English and a half-Tamil title. In July 2011, strict norms on entertainment tax were passed which stated that films which were given a "U" certificate by
2739-690: The West . M. Edwards first screened a selection of silent films at the Victoria Public Hall in Madras in 1897 during the British Raj . The selected films all featured non-fictional subjects; they were mostly photographed records of day-to-day events. The film scholar Stephen Hughes points out that within a few years there were regular ticketed shows in a hall in Pophams Broadway, started by one Mrs. Klug, but this lasted only for
2822-491: The film projector and silent films from the Frenchman Du Pont and set up a business as film exhibitor . Soon, he tied up with Pathé , a well-known pioneering film-producing company, and imported projectors . This helped new cinema houses to sprout across the presidency . In later years, he produced talkies and also built a cinema in Coimbatore . To celebrate the event of King George V 's visit in 1909,
2905-560: The 1990s and early 2000s cutting across ethnic and linguistic barriers. Such films include Roja (1992), Indian (1996), Pokkiri (2007), Enthiran (2010). Tamil cinema has since produced some of the most commercially successful actors, directors and films of Indian cinema. By the end of the 1930s, the legislature of the State of Madras passed the Entertainment Tax Act of 1939. Madras (now Chennai), then became
2988-640: The British television series The Four Just Men . In 1961, he starred in The Two Marshals alongside Totò . His passion for gambling was well known and because of it, he often lost large sums of money and accepted work that might not otherwise have interested him. He never kept his gambling a secret from anyone; in fact, he projected it on characters in his own movies, like Count Max (which he acted in but did not direct) and The Gold of Naples , as well as in General Della Rovere ,
3071-709: The Cinematography Film Rules of 1948, the Cinematography Act of 1952, and the Copyright Act of 1957. In Tamil Nadu , cinema ticket prices are regulated by the government . Single screen theatres may charge a maximum of ₹ 50, while theatres with more than three screens may charge a maximum of ₹ 120 per ticket. Vittorio De Sica Vittorio De Sica ( / d ə ˈ s iː k ə / də SEE -kə , Italian: [vitˈtɔːrjo de ˈsiːka] ; 7 July 1901 – 13 November 1974)
3154-514: The India Film Company Limited. Despite a century of increasing box office takings, Tamil cinema remains informal. Nevertheless, there are few exceptions like Modern Theatres, Gemini Studios , AVM and Sri Thenandal Films that survived beyond 100 productions. In 2017, opposing the dual taxation of GST (28%) and entertainment tax (30%), Tamilnadu Theatre Owners Association announced indefinite closure of all cinemas in
3237-617: The Mount Road area. This venue boasted a variety of events, including plays in English, Western classical music concerts, and ballroom dances . Silent films were also screened as an additional attraction. Swamikannu Vincent , a railway draftsman from Tiruchirapalli , became a travelling exhibitor in 1905. He showed short movies in a tent in Esplanade , near the present Parry's Corner, using carbide jet-burners for projection. He bought
3320-461: The Tamil serial Kathai Neram (2000) and the Tamil films En Iniya Ponnilave (2001), Julie Ganapathy (2003), and Adhu Oru Kana Kaalam (2005). Vetrimaaran has since credited Mahendra as his mentor and the one who encouraged him to follow his dream of becoming a director. Vetrimaaran also acted in a brief role as Richard Rishi 's assistant in Kadhir 's Kadhal Virus (2002). It was during
3403-534: The comedy Bread, Love and Dreams . De Sica's character, Marshal Antonio Carotenuto, immediately became the public's favourite. The film was an enormous success, it was nominated for Academy Awards and won the Silver Bear at Berlinale. It was followed with three sequels: Bread, Love and Jealousy (1954), Scandal in Sorrento (1955), and Bread, Love and Andalusia (1958). In 1959, De Sica appeared in
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3486-482: The company was reformed into Rissone-De Sica-Melnati, and eventually disbanded in 1939. The play Due dozzine di rose scarlatte , written by Aldo De Benedetti, premiered on 11 March 1936, in Teatro Argentina. It is considered the best Italian comedy of the 1930s. In 1937, De Sica married Giuditta Rissone, around that time the duo with Melnati was ended. In 1940, the spouses reconciled with Tofano and founded
3569-556: The constructed nature of their work so that the realistic narrative was wholly dominant, Indian filmmakers made no attempt to conceal the fact that what was shown on the screen was a creation, an illusion, a fiction. However, they demonstrated how this creation intersected with people's day-to-day lives in complex ways. By the end of the 1930s, the State of Madras legislature passed the Entertainment Tax Act 1939 . In 1916,
3652-426: The critic from Sify stating that "Vetri has made his mentor proud, and his style of narration and takings are very similar to the ace director Balu Mahendra, labelling that the film had shades of Vittorio De Sica 's 1948 Italian film, Bicycle Thieves . When questioned about its relevance to Bicycle Thieves , he stated that it "is a disgrace to Bicycle Thieves if it is compared with Polladhavan ". Following
3735-484: The dialogues of Naan Rajavaga Pogiren (2013), directed by newcomer Prithvi Rajkumar. In 2014, his production Poriyaalan , dubbed as a sort of sibling to Polladhavan , was released to critical appreciation. In 2015, the Children's film Kaaka Muttai (2015), directed by Manikandan and jointly produced by Dhanush's Wunderbar Films and Grassroot Film Company received critical acclaim from all around India and won
3818-419: The early 1920s he began his career as a theatre actor and joined Tatiana Pavlova 's theatre company in 1923. With Pavlova he worked for two years and toured South America . In 1925, he joined the company of Italia Almirante Manzini and was soon referred to as the second-best in her troupe. Two years later he joined the company of Luigi Almirante , Sergio Tofano and Giuditta Rissone . De Sica debuted as
3901-576: The early cinema were the cultural influences of the country. The Tamil -language was the medium in which many plays and stories were written since the ages as early as the Cholas . They were highly stylised and nature of the spectacle was one which could attract the people. Along with this, music and dance were one of the main entertainment sources. There is a strong Indian tradition of narrating mythology, history, fairy tales and so on through song and dance. Whereas Hollywood filmmakers strove to conceal
3984-446: The early years, De Sica combined his theatre and cinema careers: in the summer months, he was engaged in filmmaking and spent the winters performing on stage. In cinema, his first notable role was in 1932 Gli uomini, che mascalzoni directed by Mario Camerini . The song Parlami d'amore Mariù became a hit and remained his signature song for many years. In the 1930s his credits included many notable performances such as in I'll Give
4067-590: The film 4 out of 5 and reviewed it as "With this Dhanush starrer, Vetrimaaran proves he's one of the finest directors in Indian cinema, yet again. Only a few filmmakers like him can pull off a mainstream cinema, balancing ‘realism’ and commercial elements." Commercially, the film became a blockbuster at the box office, entering the ₹100 crore club and is currently the highest-grossing film of Vetrimaaran's career. It won numerous awards including two National Awards – Best Feature Film in Tamil and Best Actor for Dhanush. In
4150-401: The film went through production and development hell over a period of nine years with huge changes in cast and crew and much scouting and research, yet Vetrimaaran made sure it was not shelved. The film ran into controversy from the fisherfolk community, because of a love-making scene between Ameer and Andrea Jeremiah filmed in a boat, which was considered to be offensive for the community. As
4233-546: The film. Dhanush's father Kasthuri Raja finally agreed to produce the film. However, after two days of shoot, the film was shelved, and Dhanush opted to pursue other films after the surprise success of his Thiruvilaiyaadal Aarambam (2006). The film's collapse saw Vetrimaaran approach producer S. Kathiresan and narrated to him the stories he had prepared. Kathiresan did not like Desiya Nedunchaalai 47 but agreed to work on another project titled Polladhavan (2007). Vetrimaaran has since described that he had "ample time" for
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#17327866161244316-739: The film. The film was initially titled Seval , but since the rights to the title were already taken by director Hari for his project with Bharath , Vetrimaaran decided to rename his film as Aadukalam . The film languished in production hell for two years due to constant changing in cast, crew and location, but Vetrimaaran, Dhanush, Kishore, Kathiresan and Prakash Kumar remained on. Vetrimaaran introduced two newcomers who made their Tamil debuts: actress Taapsee Pannu and Sri Lankan Tamil writer and political commentator V. I. S. Jayapalan , while future Vetrimaaran collaborators Dinesh , Murugadoss , and Naren made their breakthroughs through this film. Upon release, Aadukalam received critical acclaim and
4399-567: The first Tamil film to win the National Film Award for Best Feature Film , the feat was repeated by Kanchivaram in 2007. Tamil films enjoy significant patronage in neighbouring Indian states like Kerala , Karnataka , Andhra Pradesh , Maharashtra , Gujarat and New Delhi . In Kerala and Karnataka the films are directly released in Tamil but in Telangana and Andhra Pradesh they are generally dubbed into Telugu where they have
4482-588: The first two play the main Tamil laborers, while the latter plays an auditor. Though he had dubbed for Kishore in Aadukalam , Samuthirakani made this film his maiden acting collaboration with Vetrimaaran, portraying as a hard-nosed yet sympathetic police inspector, while Telugu film actor Ajay Ghosh made his breakthrough as a Telugu soft-spoken yet "villainous" inspector in Guntur . Upon release, Visaranai received positive reviews. Twitch Film viewed Visarnai as
4565-492: The foundations of Tamil cinema was A. Narayanan. After a few years in film distribution, he set up a production company in Madras, the General Pictures Corporation, popularly known as GPC. Beginning with The Faithful Wife / Dharmapathini (1929), GPC made about 24 feature films. GPC functioned as a film school and its alumni included names such as Sundara Rao Nadkarni and Jiten Banerji. The studio of GPC
4648-583: The globe, such as Mani Ratnam 's Kannathil Muthamittal (2002), Vasanthabalan 's Veyyil (2006) and Ameer Sultan 's Paruthiveeran (2007). Kanchivaram (2009) was selected to be premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival . Tamil films have been a part of films submitted by India for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language on eight occasions, next only to Hindi. Mani Ratnam's Nayakan (1987)
4731-479: The great critical success of Sciuscià (the first foreign film to be so recognized by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ) and Bicycle Thieves helped establish the permanent Best Foreign Film Award. These two films are considered part of the canon of classic cinema. Bicycle Thieves was deemed the greatest film of all time by Sight & Sound magazine's poll of filmmakers and critics in 1952, and
4814-575: The highlight of the film. De Sica was born on 7 July 1901 in Sora, Lazio . His father Umberto De Sica was from Giffoni Valle Piana , Campania ; he was a journalist, and in the later years worked for the Bank of Italy. Teresa Manfredi, his mother, had Neapolitan origins. De Sica was baptised in the church of San Giovanni Battista in Sora under the name Vittorio Domenico Stanislao Gaetano Sorano De Sica. He had
4897-409: The lead role for the first time in his career, while Vijay Sethupathi plays the leader of a separatist group. The film received positive reviews and became a success at the box office. This is a list of films that Vetrimaaran worked for other directors. Tamil cinema Tamil cinema is the segment of Indian cinema dedicated to the production of motion pictures in the Tamil language ,
4980-645: The main spoken language in the state of Tamil Nadu . It is nicknamed Kollywood , a portmanteau of the names Kodambakkam , a neighbourhood in Chennai , and Hollywood . The first Tamil silent film , Keechaka Vadham , was directed by R. Nataraja Mudaliar in 1918. The first Tamil talking feature film , Kalidas , a multilingual directed by H. M. Reddy was released on 31 October 1931, less than seven months after India's first talking motion picture Alam Ara . Tamil cinema has been noted for its advanced narratives and diverse films, with several productions in
5063-423: The making of Adhu Oru Kana Kaalam where Vetrimaaran became acquainted with the lead actor of the film, Dhanush . He prepared a script for Dhanush, who immediately accepted the offer after hearing the story. After he found trouble finding producers with A. M. Rathnam and Salem Chandrasekhar leaving the project after initial interest, Dhanush's sister Dr. Vimala Geetha agreed to produce the film, but she also dropped
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#17327866161245146-523: The mutual company again, where all the management tasks were taken over by Tofano. Together they released a series of successful plays: La scuola della maldicenza (based on Richard Brinsley Sheridan ), Ma non è una cosa seria written by Luigi Pirandello , Il paese delle vacanze by Ugo Betti , Liolà , etc. In 1945-46, he played in two spectacles directed by Alessandro Blasetti : Il tempo e la famiglia Conway written by John Boynton Priestley and Ma non è una cosa seria by Luigi Pirandello . During
5229-425: The people living there. Aadukalam was the first film of Vetrimaaran to have a production office set up outside of Chennai . Vetrimaaran took a year to complete the screenplay, script, and dialogues for Aadukalam and held a bounded script for the venture, which is considered rare in Tamil films. Vetrimaaran narrated only half of the film's script to Dhanush before the latter was impressed with it and agreed to act in
5312-496: The production works of Polladhavan as "Dhanush had confidence in him". The film's story was inspired partly by the lost bike of his friend Andrew and the variety of experiences he had tracking down his vehicle. Vetrimaaran revealed that when he wrote the script, he made many changes to suit the visual medium and for Dhanush on his physical attributes while playing an action hero. The film opened in November 2007 to rave reviews, with
5395-446: The same year, Vetrimaaran collaborated with Suresh Kamatchi for their production, Miga Miga Avasaram (2019). Vetrimaaran wrote and directed a segment, Oor Iravu , for the anthology, Paava Kadhaigal (2020), starring Sai Pallavi and Prakash Raj . Each of the short films of the anthology touch upon the issue of honour killing . "Oor Iravu" received positive acclaim with Baradwaj Rangan of Film Companion writing, "Vetri Maaran’s
5478-565: The season 1945-46 he spent playing in The Marriage of Figaro and collaborated with Luchino Visconti , Vivi Gioi and Nino Besozzi . In 1948-49 he acted in two new plays: The Time of Your Life and The Magnificent Cuckold written by Fernand Crommelynck and adapted by Mario Chiari . The Magnificent Cuckold became De Sica's last theatre performance after which he concentrated fully on cinema and TV projects. Between 1923 and 1949 De Sica took part in over 120 theatre performances. In
5561-583: The silent era, founded Srinivasa Cinetone in which his wife worked as the sound recordist. Srinivasa Kalyanam (1934), directed by Narayanan, was the first sound film (talkie) produced in Madras. The second sound studio to come up in Madras was Vel Pictures, started by M. D. Rajan on Eldams Road in the Dunmore bungalow, which belonged to the Raja of Pithapuram . Before long, more sound studios came up. Thirty-six talkies were made in Madras in 1935. The main impacts of
5644-418: The state from 3 July 2017. The strike has been called off and the cinemas will be playing the movies starting Friday 7 July 2017. Government has formed a committee to decide on the existence of state's 30% entertainment tax. It was reported that, per day business loss during the strike was around ₹ 20 crores. Annual admissions in Chennai multiplexes and single screens averaged 1.1 crore tickets with
5727-557: The success in Italian box office was tepid. The relationship with the government remained bad, after the release of Umberto D. prime minister Giulio Andreotti sent De Sica a letter accusing him of 'rendering bad service for the country'. In 1951, De Sica co-authored (with Alberto Sordi ) and played in Mamma Mia, What an Impression! In 1952, he played along Gina Lollobrigida in In Olden Days and then again in 1953 in
5810-515: The success of Polladhavan , the entire team of that film (Vetrimaaran, actors Dhanush and Kishore , producer Kathiresan, and composer G. V. Prakash Kumar ) collaborated once again for Aadukalam (2011), which deals with the rivalry between cockfighters in Madurai. During the pre-production and scripting, Vetrimaaran spent two years in Madurai to understand the local dialect and lifestyle of
5893-515: The world. Quite often, Tamil movies feature Madras Tamil , a colloquial version of Tamil spoken in Chennai . Keechaka Vadham (1918) was the first silent film made in South India . Kalidas (1931) was the first Tamil talkie film made in 1931. Kalava (1932) was the first full-length talkie made entirely in Tamil. Nandanar (1935) was the first film for American film director Ellis R. Dungan . Balayogini released in 1937
5976-403: The worldwide box office, and Dhanush received numerous accolades for his role. Producer Kalaipuli S. Thanu signed Vetrimaaran and Dhanush to a new film, Asuran which saw the duo reunite with music director G. V. Prakash Kumar, cinematographer Velraj and actors Naren, Pawan and Munnar Ramesh (who has featured in all of Vetrimaaran's feature films from Polladhavan onwards). The film's plot
6059-480: Was India's official entry in the Foreign Language film category at the 2017 Academy Awards, but failed to get nominated. In India, the film also won three National Film awards - Best Feature Film in Tamil , Best Supporting Actor for Samuthirakani, and Best Editing for Kishore Te and G. B. Venkatesh and numerous awards at Ananda Vikatan and Filmfare South . Vetrimaaran also produced three films in
6142-538: Was a commercial success. Sify called it "a gutsy and brilliant film" and mentioned that it " lives up to the expectation that the film carried and the credit goes to Vetrimaran whose research and hard work shows on screen". In 2012, Vetrimaaran launched his own production house called the Grass Root Film Company and launched his maiden project, Udhayam NH4 (2013) with Siddharth in the lead role and his associate Manimaran as director. He wrote
6225-537: Was also heavily criticized by the Ministry of Justice and the Department of Correction. This alienation by the Italian authorities made it difficult for De Sica to finance his subsequent projects. To produce Bicycle Thieves , De Sica had to invest own money and rely on the support of several Italian businessmen. The film brought De Sica his second Oscar as well as multiple other awards and accolades, however, again
6308-414: Was an Italian film director and actor, a leading figure in the neorealist movement. Widely considered one of the most influential filmmakers in the history of cinema , four of the films he directed won Academy Awards: Sciuscià and Bicycle Thieves (honorary), while Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow and Il giardino dei Finzi Contini won the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film . Indeed,
6391-457: Was cited by Turner Classic Movies as one of the 15 most influential films in cinema history. De Sica was also nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for playing Major Rinaldi in American director Charles Vidor 's 1957 adaptation of Ernest Hemingway 's A Farewell to Arms , a movie that was panned by critics and proved a box office flop. De Sica's acting was considered
6474-436: Was considered to be first children's film of South India. It is estimated by the Manorama Yearbook 2000 (a popular almanac) that over 5,000 Tamil films were produced in the 20th century. Tamil films have also been dubbed into other languages, thus reaching a much wider audience. There has been a growing presence of English in dialogue and songs in Chennai films. In 1991, Marupakkam directed by K.S. Sethu Madhavan , became
6557-699: Was housed in the Chellapalli bungalow on Thiruvottiyur High Road in Madras. This company, which produced the most Tamil silent films, had branches in Colombo , Rangoon and Singapore . The Ways of Vishnu / Vishnu Leela , which R. Prakasa made in 1932, was the last silent film produced in Madras. The silent era of south Indian cinema has not been documented well. When the talkies appeared, film producers had to travel to Bombay or Calcutta to make films. Most films of this early period were celluloid versions of well-known stage plays. Company dramas were popular among
6640-549: Was included in Time magazine's "All-TIME" 100 best movies list. Average annual film output in Tamil film industry peaked in 1985. The Tamil film market accounts for approximately 0.1% of the gross domestic product (GDP) of the state of Tamil Nadu . For the purpose of entertainment taxes, returns have to be filed by the exhibitors weekly (usually each Tuesday). The Government of Tamil Nadu made provisions for an entertainment tax exemption for Tamil films having titles in words from
6723-514: Was not considered valid under Italian law. In 1968 he obtained French citizenship and married Mercader in Paris. Meanwhile, he had already had two sons with her: Manuel (1949-2014), a musician and composer, and Christian (b. 1951), who would follow his father's path as an actor and director. Only when Christian was 18, the siblings found out about each other and started communication. Christian's son and Vittorio's grandson Brando De Sica continued
6806-504: Was selected as India's official entry to the Academy Awards . His film Asuran (2019) received the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Tamil . He produces films under his production company, Grass Root Film Company . He is also the founder of International Institute of Film and Culture (IIFC). Vetrimaaran was born in Cuddalore in 1975. His father Dr. V. Chitravel was a veterinary scientist , and his mother Megala Chitravel
6889-555: Was then an impresario in Teatro Mazoni. Mattoli was impressed by the quality of their rehearsals and offered to join his company Za-Bum . With Za-Bum , De Sica, Rissone and Melnati played in Una segretaria per tutti , Un cattivo soggetto , Il signore desidera? , Lisetta , and many other revues written by Mattoli and Luciano Ramo. The duo became famous on the national level after the success of radio sketch Düra minga, dura no and
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