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92-693: Military flag [REDACTED] Vietnam Coast Guard ( VCG or VNCG for the alternative spelling Viet Nam Coast Guard ; Vietnamese : Cảnh sát biển Việt Nam , lit.   'Sea Police of Vietnam') is the coast guard and a uniformed people's armed force of Vietnam. Being a paramilitary maritime law enforcement agency, Vietnam Coast Guard is purposed to protect the Vietnamese state's interests and sovereignty rights at sea while also responsible for search and rescue duties, along with their duties of combating and preventing smuggling, piracy, and trade fraud in Vietnamese waters. Until 2013, it

184-676: A Marxist guerilla group. The Center for Public Policy Analysis and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) as well as Laotian and Hmong human rights organisations, including the Lao Human Rights Council , Inc. and the United League for Democracy in Laos , Inc., have provided evidence that since the end of the Vietnam War , significant numbers of Vietnamese military and security forces continue to be sent to Laos, on

276-893: A delegate of the National Assembly . In addition, the President has traditionally been a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party and a member of the Politburo . The Central Committee of the Communist Party nominates candidates to the Standing Committee of the National Assembly , which then confirms and nominates those candidates for official election by all delegates of the National Assembly. The President appoints

368-487: A few reconnaissance / intelligence ships painted in blue and lacking the service marking, the remaining part of VCG fleet is categorized as white hulls and painted in the respective color . Since the formation of the force until 2015, VCG had used a blue hull color which is comparable to the Russian Coast Guard , however, from early 2015, white has been designated as the standard hull color for VCG to satisfy

460-893: A hard time remaining within the Mekong Delta area due to the extensive use of the Phoenix Program . Although the PAVN lost militarily to the US forces and ARVN in the south, the political impact of the war in the United States was strong. Public demonstrations increased in ferocity and quantity after the Tet Offensive. During 1970, the 5th, 7th and 9th Divisions fought in Cambodia against U.S., ARVN, and Cambodian Khmer National Armed Forces but they had gained new allies:

552-638: A hotline in principle. In the near future, both will draft detailed regulations on prompt co-ordination, if a situation at sea occurs. On 14 July 2012, Japan's Minister for Foreign Affairs Kōichirō Genba and Vietnamese Deputy Prime Minister Pham Binh Minh had a meeting in Hanoi. The Japan Coast Guard is willing to help Vietnam bolster its coastal patrol capabilities, including setup of operations and training its personnel. The Vietnam Coast Guard plans to be equipped with modern facilities to effectively carry out their tasks to maintain security, order, and safety in

644-757: A large extent. The PAVN was first conceived in September 1944 at the first Revolutionary Party Military Conference as the Propaganda Unit of the Liberation Army (alternatively translated as the Vietnam Propaganda Liberation Army , Việt Nam Tuyên truyền Giải phóng Quân ) to educate, recruit and mobilise the Vietnamese to create a main force to drive the French colonial and Japanese occupiers from Vietnam. Under

736-653: A long time and cause heavy casualties to the United States, so the United States would see that the war was unwinnable and would leave. During the Vietnamese Lunar New Year Tết holiday starting on 30 January 1968, the PAVN/VC launched a general offensive in more than 60 cities and towns throughout south of Vietnam against the US Army and Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN), beginning with operations in

828-474: A new president by the National Assembly. Vice President Võ Thị Ánh Xuân served as Acting President of Vietnam twice, in 2023 and 2024. Her predecessor, Đặng Thị Ngọc Thịnh , was the first woman in Vietnamese history to assume the (acting) presidency following the death of President Trần Đại Quang in 2018. General Lương Cường is the incumbent President of Vietnam, serving in this role since 21 October 2024, succeeding General Secretary Tô Lâm. Hồ Chí Minh

920-510: A repeated basis, to quell and suppress Laotian political and religious dissident and opposition groups including the peaceful 1999 Lao Students for Democracy protest in Vientiane in 1999 and the Hmong rebellion . Rudolph Rummel has estimated that 100,000 Hmong perished in genocide between 1975 and 1980 in collaboration with PAVN. For example, in late November 2009, shortly before

1012-611: A united front called National Liberation Front of South Vietnam ( Mặt trận Dân tộc Giải phóng Miền Nam Việt Nam ) or simply known as the Vietcong in the United States. On 15 December 1961, the NLF established its own military called Liberation Army of South Vietnam (LASV) to fight against the American supported Army of the Republic of Vietnam . The LASV was controlled and equipped by the PAVN. General Trần Văn Trà , one-time commander of

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1104-654: Is a contracting member on agreements (such as the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)) on defending sovereignty, jurisdiction, protection of natural resources, prevention of environmental pollution; detecting, preventing and combating acts of smuggling; piracy, trafficking, and transporting illegal narcotics. Besides, the Vietnam Coast Guard has a mission to patrol all the seas in

1196-492: Is also involved in such areas as industry, agriculture, forestry , fishery and telecommunications. The PAVN has numerous small firms which have become quite profitable in recent years. However, recent decrees have effectively prohibited the commercialisation of the military. Conscription is in place for theoretically every male, age 18 to 25 years old, with the exception of the disabled and men who attended universities right after high school. The Foreign Relations Department of

1288-459: Is composed of the president, the prime minister and other members. The members of the NDSC are proposed by the president and approved by the National Assembly. NDSC members do not need to be members of the National Assembly. The decision-making process of the NDSC is that of a collective leadership . Among its powers is the right to mobilise all forces in the name of national defense, and in case of war

1380-420: Is subdivided into the following service branches: (Lục quân Nhân dân Việt Nam) (Không quân Nhân dân Việt Nam) (Hải quân Nhân dân Việt Nam) (Bộ đội Biên phòng Việt Nam) (Cảnh sát biển Việt Nam) (Bộ Tư lệnh Tác chiến không gian mạng) (Bộ Tư lệnh Bảo vệ Lăng Chủ tịch Hồ Chí Minh) The People's Army of Vietnam composes of the standing (or regular) forces and the reserve forces. The standing forces include

1472-497: Is the backbone component of the Vietnam People's Armed Forces and includes: Ground Force, Navy , Air Force , Border Guard and Coast Guard . Vietnam does not have a separate and formally-structured Ground Force or Army service. Instead, all ground troops, army corps, military districts and special forces are designated under the umbrella term combined arms ( Vietnamese : binh chủng hợp thành ) and are belonged to

1564-675: Is the first time ever that Vietnam has officially deployed and engaged in an overseas search and rescue campaign. The Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces is the President of Vietnam , though this position is nominal and real power is assumed by the Central Military Commission of the ruling Communist Party of Vietnam . The secretary of Central Military Commission (usually the General Secretary of

1656-459: Is to represent Vietnam internally and externally. The officeholder is elected by the National Assembly of Vietnam , is responsible to it and reports to it. The tenure of the president is five years, the same as that of the National Assembly. The president continues to serve in his functions until the National Assembly elects a successor. The president has the following executive and legislative powers: The National Defense and Security Council (NDSC)

1748-462: Is used in overlapping sea areas between Vietnam and foreign countries. Local fishermen will be better protected and assisted if necessary, and we will remind local fishermen not to cross into the waters of foreign countries." In October 2013 the VCG were transferred from the navy to the coast guard, apparently so as to qualify for Japanese equipment aid. The Vietnam Coast Guard is responsible for protecting

1840-471: The 316th Bong Lau Division in the northwest border region, the 320th Delta Division in the north Red River Delta, the 325th Binh Tri Thien Division in Binh Tri Thien province. Also in 1951, the first artillery Division, the 351st Division was formed, and later, before Battle of Dien Bien Phu in 1954, for the first time in history, it was equipped with 24 captured 105mm US howitzers supplied by

1932-589: The 5th Division (1966) of 7th Military Zone (Capital Tactical Area of ARVN), the 7th (created by 141st and 209th Regiments originated in the 312th Division in 1966) and 9th Divisions (first Division of National Liberation Front of Vietnam in 1965 in Mekong Delta), the 10th Dakto Division in Dakto – Central Highlands in 1972. On 20 December 1960, anti-government forces in South Vietnam joined to form

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2024-619: The B2 Front (Saigon) HQ confirms that even though the PAVN and the LASV were confident in their ability to defeat the regular ARVN forces, U.S. intervention in Vietnam forced them to reconsider their operations. The decision was made to continue to pursue "main force" engagements even though "there were others in the South – they were not military people – who wanted to go back to guerrilla war," but

2116-518: The Battles of Khai Phat and Na Ngan against French soldiers in late 1944. The United States ' OSS agents, led by Archimedes Patti – who was sometimes referred as the first instructor of the PAVN due to his role - had provided ammunitions as well as logistic intelligence and equipment. They also helped train these soldiers, who formed the backbone of the Vietnamese military to successfully fight

2208-704: The French Indochina War (1946–1954), the PAVN was often referred to as the Việt Minh . In the context of the Vietnam War (1955–1975), the army was referred to by its opposition forces as the North Vietnamese Army (NVA; Vietnamese : Quân đội Bắc Việt ), serving as the military force of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam . This allowed writers, the U.S. military, and the general public, to distinguish northern communists from

2300-531: The Khmer Rouge and guerrilla fighters supporting deposed Prime Minister Sihanouk . In 1975 the PAVN were successful in aiding the Khmer Rouge in toppling Lon Nol 's U.S.-backed regime, despite heavy US bombing. After the withdrawal of most U.S. combat forces from Indochina because of the Vietnamization strategy, the PAVN launched the ill-fated Easter Offensive in 1972. Although successful at

2392-759: The Ministry of Defence , under the direct command of the General Staff , who serves as its de facto commander. The following military regions are under the direct control of the General Staff and the Ministry of Defence: The Main Force of the PAVN and its People's Ground Forces consists of combat ready troops, as well as support units such as educational institutions for logistics, officer training, and technical training. In 1991, Conboy et al. stated that

2484-750: The Ministry of National Defence , directly under the command of the CPV Central Military Commission , the Minister of National Defence , and the General Staff of the Vietnam People's Army . The military flag of the PAVN is the National flag of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam defaced with the motto Quyết thắng (Determination to win) added in yellow at the top left (or by the side of the flagpole ). During

2576-723: The Navy had been used for offshore patrol and related military activity, along with the Border Guard , which had checkpoints in estuarine and littoral areas. These bodies were equipped with small boats for short pursuit and related equipment intended for short-term security applications. All river patrol responsibility belongs to the Fluvial Police (Cục Cảnh sát giao thông đường thủy - Bureau code:C25), supervised by provincial and/or local police office ( Ministry of Public Security - Vietnam People's Public Security ), and sometimes to

2668-596: The People's Army of Vietnam (or Vietnam People's Army , Quân đội Nhân dân Việt Nam ). Võ Nguyên Giáp went on to become the first full general of the PAVN on 28 May 1948, and famous for leading the PAVN in victory over French forces at the Battle of Dien Bien Phu in 1954 and being in overall command against U.S. backed South Vietnam at the Liberation of Saigon on 30 April 1975. On 7 January 1947, its first regiment,

2760-716: The Vice President , Prime Minister , ministers, and other officials with the consent of the National Assembly . The president is furthermore the nominal supreme Commander-in-chief of the Vietnam People's Armed Forces and Chairman of the Council for National Defense and Security . Additionally, the President is also a member of the Central Military Commission and the Central Police Party Committee. Since September 2011,

2852-516: The Vietnam Customs (Hải Quan) , depending on the particular geographical responsibility (fluvial or fresh water only). In order to relieve the burden on the Navy during peacetime and protect the sovereignty and sovereign rights of Vietnam in its maritime zones in compliance with international law, the Vietnam Coast Guard was then established under the name Vietnam Marine Police and placed under

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2944-518: The international conventions . 8021 is formerly USCGC John Midgett (WHEC-726) . Maximum 3,250 tons. ( Damen OPV 9014) Maximum 1,500 tons. VCG-8981, VCG-8982 The rank insignia of commissioned officers . The rank insignia of non-commissioned officers and enlisted personnel . Vietnam People%27s Army The People's Army of Vietnam ( PAVN ), officially the Vietnam People's Army ( VPA ; Vietnamese : Quân đội nhân dân Việt Nam , lit.   'Military of and for

3036-598: The people of Vietnam ' ), also recognized as the Vietnamese Army ( Vietnamese : Quân đội Việt Nam , lit.   'Military of Vietnam'), the People's Army ( Vietnamese : Quân đội Nhân dân ) or colloquially the Troops ( Bộ đội ), is the national military force of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam and the armed wing of the ruling Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV) . The PAVN

3128-467: The prefix CSB (abbreviated from the Vietnamese name C ảnh s át b iển lit.   ' Coast Guard ' or ' Marine Police ' ) followed by a three or four-digit hull number . All vessels are designed with the orange -colored racing stripes which is similar to the US Coast Guard's Service Mark . Except a minor number of search and rescue ships which are painted in orange and

3220-520: The president of France being both the head of state and the head of government . The 1959 constitution significantly reduced the power of the president, making the president the de jure leader of Vietnam while handling most of the de facto power to the post of general secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam . The 1980 constitution transformed the office of head of state dramatically. The office of president

3312-471: The 102nd 'Capital' Regiment, was created for operations around Hanoi . Over the next two years, the first division, the 308th Division , later well known as the Pioneer Division, was formed from the 88th Tu Vu Regiment and the 102nd Capital Regiment. By late 1950 the 308th Division had a full three infantry regiments, when it was supplemented by the 36th Regiment. At that time, the 308th Division

3404-470: The 316th Division's 174A, the 325th Division's 95A, 95B, the 320A Division also faced the U.S. forces which included the 1st Cavalry Division , the 101st Airborne Division , the 173rd Airborne Brigade , the 4th Infantry Division , the 1st Infantry Division and the 25th Infantry Division . Many of those formations later became main forces of the 3rd Division (Yellow Star Division) in Binh Dinh (1965),

3496-571: The 328th, 332nd and 350th in the north of the North Vietnam , the 305th and the 324th near the DMZ , and the 335 Division of soldiers repatriated from Laos . In 1957, the theatres of the war with the French were reorganised as the first five military regions, and in the next two years, several divisions were reduced to brigade size to meet the manpower requirements of collective farms. By 1958, it

3588-476: The 338th Division, former southerners who had been settled at Xuan Mai from 1954 onwards. Regular formations were sent to South Vietnam from 1965 onwards; the 325th Division's 101B Regiment and the 66th Regiment of the 304th Division met U.S. forces on a large scale, a first for the PAVN, at the Battle of Ia Drang in November 1965. The 308th Division's 88A Regiment, the 312th Division's 141A, 141B, 165A, 209A,

3680-585: The 7th and 9th. From 2014 to 2016, the IISS Military Balance attributed the Vietnamese ground forces with an estimated 412,000 personnel. Formations , according to the IISS, include 8 military regions, 4 corps headquarters, 1 special forces airborne brigade, 6 armoured brigades and 3 armoured regiments, two mechanised infantry divisions, and 23 active infantry divisions plus another 9 reserve ones. President of Vietnam The President must be

3772-695: The Chinese People's Liberation Army . The first six divisions (308th, 304th, 312th, 316th, 320th, 325th) became known as the original PAVN 'Steel and Iron' divisions. In 1954, four of these divisions (the 308th, 304th, 312nd, 316th, supported by the 351st Division's captured US howitzers) defeated the French Union forces at the Battle of Dien Bien Phu, ending 83 years of French rule in Indochina. The French Foreign Legion had been deployed to combat

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3864-443: The Communist Party of Vietnam ) is the de facto Commander and now is Nguyễn Phú Trọng . The Minister of National Defence oversees operations of the Ministry of Defence , and the PAVN. He also oversees such agencies as the General Staff and the General Department of Logistics. However, military policy is ultimately directed by the Central Military Commission of the ruling Communist Party of Vietnam . The Vietnamese People's Army

3956-409: The Constitution. On the other hands, presidents of Vietnam are regularly one of the top-ranked members of the Politburo of the Communist Party of Vietnam , making them practically among the most influential figures of the Vietnamese politics alongside the constitutional powers that they gained from their formal presidency. The former president Võ Văn Thưởng was listed as the fourth-ranking figure in

4048-443: The Council of Ministers. The chairman of the Council of State was concurrently chairman of the National Defense Council (later the National Defense and Security Council) and commander-in-chief of the Vietnam People's Armed Forces . The Council of State supervised the works of other institutions, most notably the Council of Ministers, the Supreme People's Organ for Control and the People's Councils at all levels. It also presided over

4140-411: The Japanese and other opponents. For instance, the PAVN's July 19, 1945 attack at Tam Dao internment camp in Tonkin saw 500 soldiers kill fifty Japanese soldiers and officials, freeing French civilian captives and escorting them to the Chinese border. The PAVN also fought the Japanese 21st Division in Thai Nguyen that year, and regularly raided rice storehouses to alleviate an ongoing famine . There

4232-434: The Ministry of National Defence organises international operations of the PAVN. Apart from its occupation of half of the disputed Spratly Islands , which have been claimed as Vietnamese territory since the 17th century, Vietnam has not officially had forces stationed internationally since its withdrawal from Cambodia and Laos in early 1990. The effectiveness of the People's Army of Vietnam Special Operation Forces during

4324-435: The National Assembly can entrust the NDSC with special duties and powers. From the current Constitution of Vietnam , the Vietnamese media has described the presidency to be relatively similar to the presidents of Singapore , Germany , Austria ...which are largely ceremonial positions , however, the Vietnamese president still have certain, even though unclear, executive , judicial and legislative powers as designed by

4416-444: The PAVN Ground Force had four 'Strategic Army Corps' in the early 1990s, numbering 1–4, from north to south. 1st Corps , located in the Red River Delta region, consisted of the 308th (one of the six original 'Steel and Iron' divisions) and 312th Divisions, and the 309th Infantry Regiment. The other three corps, 2 SAC, 3 SAC, and 4 SAC, were further south, with 4th Corps , in Southern Vietnam, consisting of two former LASV divisions,

4508-421: The Politburo hierarchy. The Politburo elected in the aftermath of the 11th National Party Congress (held in January 2011) by the Central Committee elected Trương Tấn Sang as the first-ranking member of the Politburo. This was the first time in Vietnamese history where the highest-ranking member of the Politburo does not hold post of either general secretary or chairman (was in existence from 1951 to 1969) of

4600-431: The President is also the Chairman of the Central Steering Committee for Judicial Reform. The powers and prestige of the office of president have varied over the years. For instance, while the inaugural president, Hồ Chí Minh , was also the chairman of the Communist Party , making him (in that capacity) the first ranking member of the Politburo , the highest decision-making body in Vietnam. His successor, Tôn Đức Thắng ,

4692-430: The Song Thu company and the 189 company. Vessels that have been completed include one offshore patrol vessel (9014), one hydrographic survey vessel (6613), and four salvage tugs. In 2008, the Vietnam Coast Guard received three ocean sentry CASA C-212 Aviocar - Series 400 turboprop aircraft equipped with MSS 6000 systems from Airbus Military. The Vietnamese government has planned to invest in upgrading facilities for

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4784-491: The Southeast Asia region to protect freedom of navigation on the seas. The Vietnam Coast Guard is responsible in co-operating with functional agencies to complete its mission. If any incident happens at sea, the Vietnam Coast Guard has the responsibility to inform to the functional agencies and co-ordinate with foreign countries to settle the issue. Lt. General Phạm Đức Lĩnh said in The 7th Heads of Asia Coast Guard Agencies Meeting (HACGAM - 7) in July 2011: "The Vietnam Coast Guard

4876-399: The U.S., and suffering from stresses caused by dwindling aid, the ARVN was ill-prepared to confront the highly motivated PAVN, and despite the on paper superiority of the ARVN, the PAVN quickly secured victory within two months and captured Saigon on 30 April 1975, ending the 20 year Vietnam war. After national reunification, the LASV was officially merged into PAVN on 2 July 1976. Towards

4968-430: The Vietnam Coast Guard plays an important role in maintaining sea security and protection of the exclusive economic zone (EEZ) and continental shelf boundary. It has dispatched forces in waters in overlapping areas between Vietnam and foreign countries, providing protection and assistance to local fishermen when necessary. According to the Vietnam Coast Guard Law ( Vietnamese : Luật Cảnh sát biển ) which "prescribes

5060-674: The Vietnam People’s Navy in 1998. The Vietnam Coast Guard was first set up through President Tran Duc Luong 's order No 3-L/CTN (7 April 1998), announcing the Ordinance on the Vietnam Marine Police, which had been accepted by The Tenth National Assembly of Vietnam on 28 March 1998. The Vietnam Coast Guard (which was still known as the Vietnam Marine Police) became independent from the Vietnam People's Navy on 1 March 2008. It has in-scope intelligence based on international exchange and co-operation with its ASEAN counterparts in smuggling and on-sea drug interdiction operations. As an organization established to fight against illegal trafficking, it

5152-488: The Vietnam War saw them instruct various other countries and Marxist rebel groups. From the 1970s to 1990s, they covertly provided training at the PAVN Sapper Training School in via Vietnamese sapper advisors assigned to the Cuban Army 's Sapper School in Cuba, and, during the 1980s, by a secret Vietnamese sapper training team stationed in Nicaragua . In addition to training Cambodian , Laotian , Soviet, and Cuban military personnel, their publications revealed that among

5244-490: The Vietnamese insurgency during the First Indochina War. However, some of the legionnaires, such as Stefan Kubiak , deserted after witnessing torture of Vietnamese peasants at the hands of French troops and began fighting for the Việt Minh , volunteering to join the PAVN. Soon after the 1954 Geneva Accords , the 330th and 338th Divisions were formed by southern Viet Minh members who had moved north in conformity with that agreement, and by 1955, six more divisions were formed:

5336-450: The army was renamed the Vietnam National Defence Force ( Việt Nam Vệ quốc Đoàn ). At this point, it had about 1,000 soldiers. On 22 May 1946, the army was called the National Army of Vietnam ( Quân đội Quốc gia Việt Nam , not to be confused with the opposite Vietnamese National Army of the France-associated State of Vietnam which had a synonymous English name and exactly the same Vietnamese name). Lastly, in 1950, it officially became

5428-437: The beginning, the South Vietnamese repulsed the main assaults with U.S. air support. Still North Vietnam retained some South Vietnamese territory. Nearly two years after the full U.S. withdrawal from Indochina in accordance with the terms of the 1973 Paris Peace Accords , the PAVN launched a Spring offensive aimed at overthrowing the South Vietnamese government and uniting Vietnam under communist rule. Without direct support of

5520-705: The border region to try and draw US forces and ARVN troops out of the major cities. In coordinated attacks, the U.S Embassy in Saigon , Presidential Palace, Headquarters of the Joint General Staff and Republic of Vietnam Navy , TV and Radio Stations, Tan Son Nhat Air Base in Saigon were attacked by commando forces known as "đặc công". This offensive became known as the " Tet Offensive ". The PAVN sustained heavy losses of its main forces in southern military zones. Some of its regular forces and command structure had to escape to Laos and Cambodia to avoid counterattacks from US forces and ARVN, while local guerrillas forces and political organisations in South Vietnam were exposed and had

5612-409: The current CPV Politburo, and Nguyễn Phú Trọng served as the state's president from 2018 to 2021 while being the incumbent General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam , the title for the highest-ranking member in the Politburo as well as in the whole Communist Party of Vietnam that he has assumed undisrupted since 2011. According to Article 93 of the Constitution of Vietnam (2013): "When

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5704-431: The destruction of Champa as an independent nation to a level that it did not exist anymore; total destruction of Luang Prabang ; the decline of Cambodia which resulted in Vietnam's annexation of Mekong Delta and wars against Siam. In most of its history, the Royal Vietnamese Armed Forces was often regarded to be one of the most professional, battle-hardened and heavily trained armies in Southeast Asia as well as Asia in

5796-459: The direct command and administration of the Vietnamese Defence Minister ." Even though it is no longer a formal service branch of the Vietnam People’s Army which is the national military force, the Vietnam Coast Guard is still considered as a people's armed force ( Vietnamese : lực lượng vũ trang nhân dân ), employing formal military officers, professional soldiers, non-commissioned officers, servicemen, workers and civil servants belonging to

5888-433: The elections of the National Assembly. The office of Chairman of the Council of State, the head of state, was abolished in the 1992 Constitution and replaced by the office of President. The importance of the president has not remained constant throughout Vietnamese history. For instance, while Hồ Chí Minh was ranked as first member of the Politburo , the highest decision-making body in Vietnam, his successor, Tôn Đức Thắng ,

5980-415: The established staff of the Vietnam Coast Guard. The Vietnam Coast Guard is still under the direct administration - but structurally not a part - of the Vietnam Ministry of National Defence , and it still requires formal cooperation with the formal military branches despites its status of not being a fully military force. Previously, the Socialist Republic of Vietnam did not have a dedicated Coast Guard ;

6072-588: The first involvement of Vietnam into a United Nations ' mission abroad. Vietnamese peacekeepers were also sent to the Central African Republic . From 2022, Vietnam has deployed its first military engineer unit to the peacekeeping missions in Abyei . As an effort to help Turkey overcome the consequences of the 2023 earthquake, PAVN has sent 76 servicemen of the Border Guard , Army Medic , and Engineering Corps (alongside personnel from Public Security ) to participate in humanitarian assistance and disaster relief including search-and-rescue missions. This

6164-425: The first major steps to prepare infiltration routes into South Vietnam were taken; Group 559 was established, a logistical unit charged with establishing routes into the south via Laos and Cambodia , which later became famous as the Ho Chi Minh trail . At about the same time, Group 579 was created as its maritime counterpart to transport supplies into the South by sea. Most of the early infiltrators were members of

6256-673: The force, including modern ships which can operate in bad weather and stay for longer periods at sea. Furthermore, the force is also equipped with helicopters to enhance its operations at the border of the continental shelf and exclusive economic zone of Vietnam to protect its territorial waters and Vietnamese fishermen. This is especially important with the ongoing disputes over sovereignty in and around Vietnamese waters. The Vietnam Coast Guard's vessels are equipped with specialised functions. A majority of VCG-commissioned ships are locally-built: Vietnam Coast Guard's vessels are named (or numbered , since VCG does not adopt literal naming) with

6348-421: The foreign revolutionary forces that received training in sapper tactics, bomb-making, and the use of weapons and explosives, were members of the Marxist El Salvadoran FMLN ( Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front ), the Chilean MIR ( Movement of the Revolutionary Left ) fighting against the dictatorial regime of Augusto Pinochet , as well as the Colombian FARC ( Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia ) movement,

6440-406: The guidelines of Hồ Chí Minh , Võ Nguyên Giáp was given the task of establishing the brigades and the Propaganda Unit of the Liberation Army came into existence on 22 December 1944. The first formation was made up of thirty-one men and three women, armed with two revolvers, seventeen rifles, one light machine gun, and fourteen breech-loading flintlocks. It fought the PAVN's first ever engagement at

6532-403: The main forces and the local forces. During peacetime, the standing forces are minimised in number, and kept combat-ready by regular physical and weapons training, and stock maintenance. Within PAVN the Ground Force have not been established as a separate full Service Command, thus all of the ground troops, army corps, military districts and the specialised arms are under the responsibility of

6624-473: The party and state: Hồ Chí Minh (1951–1969), Trường Chinh (1986), Nguyễn Phú Trọng (2018–2021), and Tô Lâm (2024). The tenure of the presidency is five years, and a president can only serve three terms. If the President becomes unable to discharge duties of office, the Vice President will assume the acting presidency on an interim basis until the President resumes duty, or until the election of

6716-490: The party. Since Trương Tấn Sang is first-ranked member of the Politburo, he is the body's unofficial head. Politburo meetings are held regularly; decisions within the Politburo are made through collective decision-making , and policies are only enacted if a majority of Politburo members supports them. The president is selected for a term of office of five years. The term of office of the incumbent president continues until

6808-476: The president-elect takes office. On assuming office, the president takes the following oath before the parliament: In my capacity as President of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, I swear complete allegiance to the country, people, and constitution; to fulfill the tasks assigned by the State, and people. [REDACTED] Vietnam portal The president is the head of state of Vietnam, and his main priority

6900-502: The role of the legislative branch. The duties, powers and responsibilities of the Council of State were taken from the Standing Committee of the National Assembly , which lost most of its powers and prestige in the 1980. The members of the Council of State were elected by the National Assembly and consisted of a chairman, deputy chairmen, a general secretary and other members. Council of State members could not concurrently be members of

6992-517: The second half of the 20th century the armed forces of Vietnam would participate in organised incursions to protect its citizens and allies against aggressive military factions in the neighbouring Indochinese countries of Laos and Cambodia, and the defensive border wars with China. The PAVN has been actively involved in Vietnam's workforce to develop the economy of Vietnam by co-ordinating national defence. It has regularly sent troops to aid with natural disasters such as flooding, landslides etc. The PAVN

7084-780: The security of Vietnam's coast line and deals with problems like: In addition to its role, the Vietnam Coast Guard has moved their headquarters from Haiphong to Hanoi in February 2008, due to current needs to address these tasks. Current headquarters are located at 94 Le Loi Street, Nguyen Trai ward, Ha Dong district , Hanoi. Their training base and logistic support facilities remain in Haiphong. 1. Coast Guard Command 2. Units in Coast Guard Department: The Vietnam Coast Guard and Philippine Coast Guard have signed an agreement to set up

7176-617: The southern communists, called Viet Cong (VC), or more formally the National Liberation Front. However, both groups ultimately worked under the same command structure. The Viet Cong had its own military forces called the Liberation Army of South Vietnam (LASV). It was practically considered a branch of the PAVN by the North Vietnamese. In 1976, following the political reunification of Vietnam, LASV

7268-558: The start of the 2009 Southeast Asian Games in Vientiane , the PAVN undertook a major troop surge in key rural and mountainous provinces in Laos where Lao and Hmong civilians and religious believers, including Christians, have sought sanctuary. In 2014, Vietnam had requested to join the United Nations peacekeeping force , which was later approved. The first Vietnamese UN peacekeeping officers were sent to South Sudan , marked

7360-530: The status, functions, roles, powers, organization and operation of the Vietnam Coast Guard" and declaring the "responsibilities of involved entities and persons" , the Vietnam Coast Guard shall be "...under the absolute and all-aspect leadership of the Communist Party of Vietnam , the supreme command of the President of Vietnam , the unified State management of the Government of Vietnam as well as

7452-481: The strategic aims were adjusted to meet the new reality. We had to change our plan and make it different from when we fought the Saigon regime, because we now had to fight two adversaries — the United States and South Vietnam. We understood that the U.S. Army was superior to our own logistically, in weapons and in all things. So strategically we did not hope to defeat the U.S. Army completely. Our intentions were to fight

7544-619: The territorial waters and exclusive economic zone with the close co-operation with regional coast guards of regional countries. To solve issues such as piracy, smuggling, trade fraud and transportation of persons, illegal drugs, disaster search and rescue, the Vietnam Coast Guard collaborates with several countries for networking exercises. The Vietnam Coast Guard has also cooperated with the Dutch Damen Group to build large vessels under Dutch license in Vietnam by companies including

7636-413: Was a symbolic figure with little power. The post of head of state was strengthened in the 1980 Constitution by the appointment of Trường Chinh who was, by order of precedence, the second-highest-ranking member in the Politburo, behind Lê Duẩn . The office of president retained the second highest rank in the Politburo order of precedence until Nguyễn Minh Triết was appointed in 2006; he ranked fourth in

7728-610: Was abolished and replaced with the office of Chairman of the Council of State (CC). The CC chairmanship was modelled after the Soviet office of Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet . The Council of State, as with the Council of Ministers , was a collective decision-making body . Both the Council of State and the Council of Ministers were part of the executive branch; the strengthening of these institutions weakened

7820-524: Was also backed by the 11th Battalion that later became the main force of the 312th Division . In late 1951, after launching three campaigns against three French strongpoints in the Red River Delta , the PAVN refocused on building up its ground forces further, with five new divisions, each of 10–15,000 men, created: the 304th Glory Division at Thanh Hóa , the 312th Victory Division in Vinh Phuc,

7912-812: Was another separate communist army called the National Salvation Army ( Cứu quốc quân ) which was founded and commanded by Chu Văn Tấn on 23/2/1941. On 15/5/1945 the Propaganda Liberation Army merged with the National Salvation Army into the Vietnam Liberation Army ( Việt Nam Giải phóng Quân ) on 15 May 1945. The Democratic Republic of Vietnam was proclaimed in Hanoi by Ho Chi Minh and Vietminh on 2 September 1945. Then in September,

8004-427: Was appointed Vietnam's first president in 1946 by the National Assembly. The 1959 Constitutions stated that the National Assembly had the power to appoint and dismiss the president. The president represented Vietnam both internally and externally. The power and responsibilities of the president in 1946 constitution is very similar to the power and responsibilities of the president of the United States with elements from

8096-533: Was becoming increasingly clear that the South Vietnamese government was solidifying its position as an independent republic under Ngô Đình Diệm , who staunchly opposed the terms of the Geneva Accords, which required a national referendum on unification of north and south Vietnam under a single national government. North Vietnam prepared to settle the issue of unification by force. In May 1959,

8188-471: Was formally a branch of Vietnam's military, the Vietnam People's Army , and fell under the management of the Vietnam Ministry of National Defence . Since August 27, 2013, it has been transferred under the direct management of the Government of Vietnam , and has also changed its name from Vietnam Marine Police ( VMP ) to the current Vietnam Coast Guard name. Since its creation in the late 1990s,

8280-502: Was keen to start with a fresh image, equipped with adequate technology and hardware, to deploy efficiently for its various specific missions. The current organizational pattern will serve as a role model for future extended projects. In its internal waters, territorial waters, contiguous zone, exclusive economic zone and continental shelf of Vietnam, the Vietnam Coast Guard has a mission to patrol and enforce laws in accordance with those of Vietnam and international treaties concerned. Vietnam

8372-460: Was not a member of the Politburo and served as a symbolic figure under General Secretary Lê Duẩn . Since Trường Chinh 's ascension to the presidency, the president has been ranked 1st (if concurrently served as General Secretary) or 2nd in the order of precedence of the Communist Party's Politburo, except for President Nguyễn Minh Triết (who ranked fourth) and President Võ Chí Công (who ranked third). Four persons served concurrently as head of both

8464-582: Was officially disbanded and merged into the so-called NVA to form the existing incarnation of PAVN, serving as the national military of the unified state of Socialist Republic of Vietnam. The first historical record of Vietnamese military history dates back to the era of Hồng Bàng , the first recorded state in ancient Vietnam to have assembled military force. Since then, military plays a crucial role in developing Vietnamese history due to its turbulent history of wars against China, Champa , Cambodia, Laos and Thailand. The Southern expansion of Vietnam resulted in

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