64-610: Lady Astor commonly refers to Nancy Astor, Viscountess Astor (1879–1964). Lady Astor may also refer to: Nancy Astor, Viscountess Astor Nancy Witcher Langhorne Astor, Viscountess Astor , (19 May 1879 – 2 May 1964) was an American-born British politician who was the first woman seated as a Member of Parliament (MP), serving from 1919 to 1945. Astor was born in Danville, Virginia and raised in Greenwood, Virginia . Her first marriage, to socialite Robert Gould Shaw II ,
128-539: A German invasion of Britain , Lady Astor commented: "It is the complete answer to the terrible lie that the so-called ' Cliveden Set ' was pro-Fascist." Lady Astor believed her party and her husband caused her retirement in 1945. As the Conservatives believed she had become a political liability in the final years of World War II, her husband said that if she stood for office again the family would not support her. She conceded but, according to contemporary reports,
192-590: A finishing school in New York City. There Nancy met her first husband, the socialite Robert Gould Shaw II , a first cousin of Colonel Robert Gould Shaw , who commanded the 54th Massachusetts Regiment, the first unit in the Union Army to be composed of African Americans. They married in New York City on 27 October 1897, when she was 18. The marriage was unhappy. Shaw's friends said Nancy became puritanical and rigid after marriage. Her friends said that Shaw
256-721: A "Women's Party", but the female Labour MPs opposed that, as their party was then in office and had promised them positions. Over time, political differences separated the women MPs; by 1931 Astor became hostile to female Labour members such as Susan Lawrence . Nancy Astor's accomplishments in the House of Commons were relatively minor. She never held a position with much influence and or any post of ministerial rank although her time in Commons saw four Conservative Prime Ministers in office. The Duchess of Atholl (elected to Parliament in 1923, four years after Lady Astor) rose to higher levels in
320-669: A 1939 speech, the Labour MP Stafford Cripps called her "The Member for Berlin". Astor's fear of Catholics increased and she made a speech saying that a Catholic conspiracy was subverting the Foreign Office. Based on her opposition to Communists, she insulted Stalin 's role (from 1941) as one of the Allied Powers during the war. Her speeches became rambling and incomprehensible; an opponent said that debating her had become "like playing squash with
384-495: A Departmental Committee on Sexual Offences Against Young People, which reported in 1925." The 1930s were a decade of personal and professional difficulty for Lady Astor. In 1929, she won a narrow victory over the Labour candidate. In 1931, Bobby Shaw, her son from her first marriage, was arrested for homosexual offences. As her son had previously shown tendencies towards alcoholism and instability, Astor's friend Philip Kerr , now
448-514: A Virginia friend, angered her by marrying without consulting her on his choice. She later told him, regarding his maiden speech, that he "really must do better than that." During the course of her adult life, Astor alienated many with her sharp words as well. During the 1920s, Astor made several effective speeches in Parliament, and gained support for her Intoxicating Liquor (Sale to Persons under 18) Bill (nicknamed "Lady Astor's Bill"), raising
512-615: A bitingly sarcastic song to the tune of the popular German song " Lili Marleen ", called "The Ballad of the D-Day Dodgers". This song has also been attributed to Lance-Sergeant Harry Pynn of the Tank Rescue Section, 19 Army Fire Brigade. However, there is no record that she actually said this, in or out of Parliament, and she denied ever saying it. When told she was one of the people listed to be arrested, imprisoned and face possible execution in " The Black Book " under
576-605: A daughter of railroad industrialist Chiswell Langhorne . Irene was born in Danville, Virginia , and was one of five sisters, all noted for their beauty, including Nancy Astor, Viscountess Astor , the first woman to serve as a Member of Parliament (MP) in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom . Irene and Charles were the parents of two children: For part of his career, Gibson lived in New Rochelle, New York ,
640-528: A dish of scrambled eggs ". On one occasion she accosted a young American soldier outside the Houses of Parliament . "Would you like to go in?" she asked. The GI replied: "You are the sort of woman my mother told me to avoid". The period from 1937 to the end of the war was personally difficult for Astor: in January of that year she lost her sister Phyllis, followed by her only surviving brother in 1938. In 1940,
704-423: A full Academician in 1932. He retired in 1936, the same year Scribner's published his biography, Portrait of an Era as Drawn by C. D. Gibson: A Biography by Fairfax Downey. At the time of his death in 1944, he was considered "the most celebrated pen-and-ink artist of his time as well as a painter applauded by the critics of his later work." On November 7, 1895, Gibson was married to Irene Langhorne (1873–1956),
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#1732780490183768-811: A meeting of the Foreign Affairs Select Committee]. She turned upon him and said, 'Only a Jew like you would dare to be rude to me.' He replied, 'I should like very much to smack you in your face.' I think she is a little mad. David Feldman of the Pears Institute for the Study of Antisemitism has also related that whilst attending a dinner at the Savoy Hotel in 1934, Astor asked the League of Nations ' High Commissioner for Refugees whether he believed "that there must be something in
832-402: A meeting, she asked Joseph Stalin directly why he had slaughtered so many Russians, but many of her criticisms were translated as less challenging statements. Some of her conservative supporters feared she had "gone soft" on Communism; her question to Stalin may have been translated correctly only because he insisted of being told what she had said. The Conservatives felt that her son's praise of
896-413: A newspaper owned by her husband. In 1927, she reportedly told James Louis Garvin that if he hired a Catholic, "bishops would be there within a week." Several elements of Viscountess Astor's life influenced her first campaign, but she became a candidate after her husband succeeded to the peerage and House of Lords in 1919. He had enjoyed a promising political career for several years before World War I in
960-453: A popular art colony among actors, writers and artists of the period. The community was best known for its unprecedented number of prominent American illustrators. Gibson also owned an island off Islesboro, Maine which came to be known as 700 Acre Island; he and his wife spent an increasing amount of time there through the years. Gibson died of a heart ailment in 1944, aged 77, at 127 East 73rd Street , his home in New York City. After
1024-647: A preference for the earlier soldiers. It was generally believed that Lady Astor, during a World War II speech, referred to the men of the Eighth Army who were fighting in the Italian campaign as the " D-Day Dodgers ", suggesting they were avoiding the "real war" in France and the future invasion. The Allied soldiers in Italy were so incensed that Major Hamish Henderson of the 51st Highland Division composed
1088-467: A spiritual crisis regarding his once devout Catholicism . They were attracted to Christian Science , to which they both eventually converted. After converting, she began to proselytise for that faith and played a role in Kerr's conversion to it. She also tried to convert Hilaire Belloc 's daughters to Christian Science, which led to a rift between them. Despite having Catholic friends such as Belloc for
1152-440: A time, Astor had religious views that included a strong vein of anti-Catholicism . Christopher Sykes argues that Kerr, an ex-Catholic, influenced this, but others argue that Astor's Protestant Virginia origins are a sufficient explanation for her Anti-Catholic views. (Anti-Catholicism was also tied to historic national rivalries.) She attempted to discourage the hiring of Jews or Catholics to senior positions at The Observer ,
1216-540: Is alleged to have told one Nazi official that she supported German rearmament because the country was "surrounded by Catholics". She also told Ribbentrop, the German ambassador, who later became the foreign minister of Germany, that Hitler looked too much like Charlie Chaplin to be taken seriously. Those statements are the only documented incidents of her direct expressions to Nazis. Astor became increasingly harsh in her anti-Catholic and anti-communist sentiments. After
1280-561: Is an oft-repeated urban legend that Gibson's wife and her elegant Langhorne sisters inspired his famous Gibson Girls, who became iconic images in early 20th-century society. The truth is that the first Gibson Girl appeared in 1890, more than two years before Gibson ever met the Langhorne family, and in later years it became fashionable for many of Gibson's friends and family to model for his illustrations. Their dynamic and resourceful father Chiswell Langhorne had his wealth severely reduced by
1344-558: The Astorgruppe as one of the circles "that want a fresh understanding with Germany and who hold that it would not basically be impossible to achieve". The Sunday newspaper Reynolds News , also reported, "Cliveden has been the centre of friendship with German influence". To that end, several of her friends and associates, especially the Marquess of Lothian, were involved in the policy of appeasement of Nazi Germany . Astor, however,
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#17327804901831408-399: The House of Commons ; after his father's death, he succeeded to his father's peerage as the 2nd Viscount Astor . He automatically became a member of the House of Lords and consequently had to forfeit his seat of Plymouth Sutton in the House of Commons. With this change, Lady Astor decided to contest the by-election for the vacant Parliamentary seat . Astor had not been connected with
1472-526: The Palestine problem". Astor was also deeply involved in the so-called Cliveden Set , a coterie of aristocrats that was described by one journalist as having subscribed to their own form of fascism . In that capacity, Astor was considered a "legendary hostess" for the group that in 1936 welcomed Hitler's foreign minister, Joachim von Ribbentrop , who communicated to Hitler regarding the likelihood of an agreement between Germany and England and singled out
1536-549: The Women's Engineering Society in co-operation with other leading women's groups. Astor hosted a large gathering at her home in St James's to enable networking amongst the international delegates, and spoke strongly of her support of and the need for women to work in the fields of science, engineering and technology. She was concerned about the treatment of juvenile victims of crime: "The work of new MPs, such as Nancy Astor, led to
1600-498: The aristocracy . Her tendency to be saucy in conversation but religiously devout and almost prudish in behaviour confused many of the English men but pleased some of the older socialites. Nancy also began to show her skill at winning over critics. She was once asked by an English woman, "Have you come to get our husbands?" Her unexpected response, "If you knew the trouble I had getting rid of mine...", charmed her listeners and displayed
1664-549: The women's suffrage movement in the British Isles. However, she was met as she arrived at Paddington station on the day after her election by a crowd of suffragettes, including unnamed women who had been imprisoned and on hunger strike. One said, "This is the beginning of our era. I am glad to have suffered for this." Viscountess Astor was not the first woman elected to the Westminster Parliament. That
1728-485: The 11th Marquess of Lothian, suggested the arrest might act as a catalyst for him to change his behaviour, but he was incorrect. Astor made a disastrous speech stating that alcohol use was the reason for England's national cricket team being defeated by the Australian national cricket team . Both the English and Australian teams objected to that statement. Astor remained oblivious to her growing unpopularity almost to
1792-647: The Civil War, but by the late 19th century, he had rebuilt his fortune on tobacco auctioneering and the railroad industry. After the death of John Ames Mitchell in 1918, Gibson became editor of Life and later took over as owner of the magazine. As the popularity of the Gibson Girl faded after World War I, Gibson took to working in oils for his own pleasure. In 1918, he was elected into the National Academy of Design as an Associate member, and became
1856-520: The Conservative Party before Astor. Astor felt if she had more position in the party, she would be less free to criticise her party's government. During this period, Nancy Astor continued to be active outside government by supporting the development and expansion of nursery schools for children's education. She was introduced to the issue by socialist Margaret McMillan , who believed that her late sister helped guide her in life. Lady Astor
1920-402: The House on 1 December as a Unionist (also known as "Tory") Member of Parliament. Astor was the first woman to be elected through what has been termed the 'halo effect' of women taking over their husband's parliamentary seat, a process which accounted for the election of ten women MPs (nearly a third of the women elected to parliament) between the two world wars. Astor's Parliamentary career
1984-513: The Jews themselves that had brought them persecution throughout the ages". Dr Feldman acknowledged, however, that it was "not an unusual view" and explained it "was a conventional idea in the UK at the time". Some years later, during a visit to New York in 1947, she apparently "clashed" with reporters, renouncing her antisemitism, telling one that she was "not anti-Jewish but gangsterism isn't going to solve
Lady Astor (disambiguation) - Misplaced Pages Continue
2048-489: The Marquess of Lothian died. He had been her closest Christian Scientist friend even after her husband converted. George Bernard Shaw's wife died three years later. During the war, Astor's husband had a heart attack . After this, their marriage grew cold, likely due to her subsequent discomfort with his health problems. She ran a hospital for Canadian soldiers as she had during the First World War, but openly expressed
2112-574: The Soviet Union served as a coup for its propaganda and so they were unhappy with her tour. Astor was reportedly a supporter of the Nazis as a solution to what she saw as the "world problems" of Jews and communists. In 1938, she met Joseph P. Kennedy Sr. , who was a well-documented antisemite . She asked him not to take offence at her anti-Catholic views and wrote, "I'm glad you are smart enough not to take my [views] personally". She highlighted
2176-599: The United States to become a problem, that "Jewish pundits in New York and Los Angeles" were already making noises contrived to "set a match to the fuse of the world". Astor commented to Kennedy that Hitler would have to do worse than "give a rough time... to the killers of Christ " for Britain and America to risk "Armageddon to save them. The wheel of history swings round as the Lord would have it. Who are we to stand in
2240-554: The country. Since she had been so happy there, her father suggested she move to England. Seeing that she was reluctant, Nancy's father said it was also her mother's wish, and he suggested she take her younger sister Phyllis with her. Nancy and Phyllis moved together to England in 1905. Their older sister Irene had married the artist Charles Dana Gibson and became a model for his Gibson Girls . Nancy Shaw had already become known in English society as an interesting and witty American when numerous wealthy young American women had married into
2304-589: The couple reconciled before his death on 30 September 1952. Charles Dana Gibson Charles Dana Gibson (September 14, 1867 – December 23, 1944) was an American illustrator who created the Gibson Girl , an iconic representation of the beautiful and independent American woman at the turn of the 20th century. He published his illustrations in Life magazine and other major national publications for more than 30 years, becoming editor in 1918 and later owner of
2368-568: The death of her husband. Astor died in 1964 at Grimsthorpe Castle in Lincolnshire and was interred at her family estate at Cliveden . Nancy Witcher Langhorne was born at the Langhorne House in Danville, Virginia . She was the eighth of eleven children born to railroad businessman Chiswell Dabney Langhorne and Nancy Witcher Keene. Following the abolition of slavery, Chiswell struggled to make his operations profitable, and with
2432-590: The destruction of the war, the family lived in near-poverty for several years before Nancy was born. After her birth, her father gained a job as a tobacco auctioneer in Danville, the centre of bright leaf tobacco and a major marketing and processing centre. In 1874, he won a construction contract with the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad , using former contacts from his service in the Civil War . By 1892, when Nancy
2496-410: The end of her career. Astor's friendship with George Bernard Shaw helped her through some of her problems although his own nonconformity caused friction between them. They held opposing political views and had very different temperaments. However, his own tendency to make controversial statements or put her into awkward situations proved to be a drawback for her political career. After Bobby Shaw
2560-408: The fact that she had a number of Catholic friends. Astor and Kennedy's correspondence is reportedly filled with antisemitic language, and Edward J. Renehan Jr. wrote: As fiercely anti-Communist as they were anti-Semitic, Kennedy and Astor looked upon Adolf Hitler as a welcome solution to both of these "world problems" (Nancy's phrase). ... Kennedy replied that he expected the " Jew media " in
2624-543: The following decades. In May 1922, Astor was guest of honour at a Pan-American conference held by the League of Women Voters in Baltimore, Maryland . Astor became the first President of the newly-formed Electrical Association For Women in 1924. She chaired the first ever International Conference of Women In Science, Industry and Commerce, a three-day event held London in July 1925, organised by Caroline Haslett for
Lady Astor (disambiguation) - Misplaced Pages Continue
2688-743: The general interest magazine. Gibson was born in Roxbury, Massachusetts on September 14, 1867. He was a son of Josephine Elizabeth (née Lovett) and Charles DeWolf Gibson. He had five siblings and was a descendant of U.S. Senators James DeWolf and William Bradford . A talented youth with an early interest in art, Gibson was enrolled by his parents in New York City's Art Students League , where he studied for two years. Peddling his pen-and-ink sketches, Gibson sold his first work in 1886 to Life magazine, founded by John Ames Mitchell and Andrew Miller . It featured general interest articles, humor, illustrations, and cartoons. His works appeared weekly in
2752-417: The legal age for consuming alcohol in a public house from 14 to 18. Her wealth and persona brought attention to women who were serving in government. She worked to recruit women into the civil service , the police force, education reform , and the House of Lords . She was well-liked in her constituency, as well as the United States during the 1920s, but her success is generally believed to have declined in
2816-426: The men. Early in her first term, MP Horatio Bottomley wanted to dominate the "soldier's friend" issue and, believing her to be an obstacle, sought to ruin her political career. He capitalised on her opposition to divorce reform and her efforts to maintain wartime alcohol restrictions. Bottomley portrayed her as a hypocrite, as she was divorced. He said that the reform bill that she opposed would allow women to have
2880-677: The passage of the Munich Agreement , she said that if the Czech refugees fleeing Nazi oppression were communists, they should seek asylum with the Soviets, instead of the British. While supporters of appeasement felt that to be out of line, the Marquess of Lothian encouraged her comments. When World War II began, Astor admitted that she had made mistakes, and voted against Chamberlain, but left-wing hostility to her politics remained. In
2944-433: The popular national magazine for more than 30 years. He quickly built a wider reputation, with his drawings being featured in all the major New York publications, including Harper's Weekly , Scribners and Collier's . His illustrated books include the 1898 editions of Anthony Hope 's The Prisoner of Zenda and its sequel Rupert of Hentzau as well as Richard Harding Davis ' Gallegher and Other Stories . It
3008-688: The premises of the Naval & Military Club . A blue plaque unveiled in 1987 commemorates Astor at St. James's Square. Through her many social connections, Lady Astor became involved in a political circle called Milner's Kindergarten . Considered liberal in their age, the group advocated unity and equality among English-speaking people and a continuance or expansion of the British Empire . With Milner's Kindergarten, Astor began her association with Philip Kerr . The friendship became important in her religious life; they met shortly after Kerr had suffered
3072-518: The request of her friend Felix Frankfurter , a future US Supreme Court justice who was Jewish, Astor intervened with the Nazis in Vienna and secured the release of Frankfurter's Jewish uncle, Solomon. Astor occasionally met with Nazi officials in keeping with Neville Chamberlain 's policies, and she was known to distrust and to dislike British Foreign Secretary (later Prime Minister) Anthony Eden . She
3136-622: The same day, 19 May 1879. Astor shared some of Nancy's moral attitudes and had a heart condition that may have contributed to his restraint. After the marriage, the Astors moved into Cliveden , a lavish estate in Buckinghamshire on the River Thames ; it was a wedding gift from Astor's father. Nancy Astor developed as a prominent hostess for the social elite. The Astors also owned a grand London house, No. 4 St. James's Square , now
3200-537: The same kind of divorce she had in America. Bottomley was later imprisoned for fraud, which Astor used to her advantage in other campaigns. Astor made friends among women MPs, including members of the other parties. Margaret Wintringham was elected after Astor had been in office for two years. Astor befriended Ellen Wilkinson , a member of the Labour Party (and a former Communist). Astor later proposed creating
3264-455: The tables on hecklers . Once a man asked her what the Astors had done for him and she responded with, "Why, Charlie, you know," and later had a picture taken with him. This informal style baffled yet amused the British public. She rallied the supporters of the current government, moderated her Prohibition views, and used women's meetings to gain the support of female voters. A by-election was held on 28 November 1919, and she took up her seat in
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#17327804901833328-496: The way of the future?" Astor made various other documented anti-Semitic comments, such as her complaint that the Observer newspaper, which was owned at the time by her husband, was "full of homosexuals and Jews", and her tense antisemitic exchange with MP Alan Graham in 1938, as described by Harold Nicolson : In the corridor a friend of mine named Alan Graham came up to Nancy and said, 'I do not think you behaved very well' [in
3392-405: The wit for which she became known. She married an Englishman, albeit one born in the United States, Waldorf Astor . When he was twelve, his father, William Waldorf Astor had moved the family to England and raised his children in the English aristocratic style. The couple were well matched, as both were American expatriates with similar temperaments. They were of the same age and even born on
3456-655: Was achieved by Constance Markievicz , who was the first woman MP elected to Westminster in 1918, but as she was an Irish Republican , she did not take her seat. As a result, Lady Astor is sometimes erroneously referred to as the first woman MP, or the first woman elected to the UK Parliament, rather than the first woman MP to take her seat in Parliament. Markievicz said Lady Astor was "of the upper classes, out of touch". Countess Markievicz had been in Holloway prison for Sinn Féin activities during her election. Astor
3520-499: Was an abusive alcoholic . During their four-year marriage, they had one son, Robert Gould Shaw III (called Bobbie). Nancy left Shaw numerous times during their marriage, the first during their honeymoon. In 1903, Nancy's mother died; at the time, Nancy Shaw gained a divorce and moved back to Mirador to try to run her father's household but was unsuccessful. In 1904, Nancy Shaw took a tour of England, taking with her her son Bobbie, of whom she had gained custody. She fell in love with
3584-544: Was an advocate for temperance , welfare , education reform and women's rights . She was also an ardent anti-Catholic and anti-communist, and received criticism for her antisemitism and sympathetic view of Nazism . Astor served in Parliament until 1945 when she was persuaded to step down, as her outspokenness had made her a political liability in the final years of the Second World War . She retired from politics and largely withdrew from public life following
3648-461: Was arrested, Gertrude Ely, a Pennsylvania Railroad heiress from Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania offered to provide a guided tour to Moscow for Lady Astor and Bobby. Because of public comments by her and her son during this period, her political career suffered. Her son made many flattering statements about the Soviet Union , and Astor often disparaged it because she did not approve of Communism. In
3712-474: Was both irritated and angry about her situation. Lady Astor struggled in retirement, which put further strain on her marriage. In a speech commemorating her 25 years in parliament, she stated that her retirement was forced on her and that it should please the men of Britain. The couple began travelling separately and soon were living apart. Lord Astor also began moving towards left-wing politics in his last years, and that exacerbated their differences. However,
3776-456: Was hampered in the popular campaign for her published and at times vocal teetotalism and her ignorance of current political issues. Astor appealed to voters on the basis of her earlier work with the Canadian soldiers, allies of the British, charitable work during the war, her financial resources for the campaign and her ability to improvise. Her audiences appreciated her wit and ability to turn
3840-401: Was initially sceptical of that aspect, but the two women later became close. Astor used her wealth to aid their social efforts. Although active in charitable efforts, Astor became noted for a streak of cruelty. On hearing of the death of a political enemy, she expressed her pleasure. When people complained, she did not apologise but said, "I'm a Virginian; we shoot to kill." Angus McDonnell ,
3904-426: Was the most public phase of her life. She gained attention as a woman and as someone who did not follow the rules, often attributed to her American upbringing. On her first day in the House of Commons, she was called to order for chatting with a fellow House member, not realising that she was the person who was causing the commotion. She learned to dress more sedately and avoided the bars and smoking rooms frequented by
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#17327804901833968-560: Was thirteen years old, her father had re-established his wealth and built a sizeable home. Chiswell Langhorne later moved his family to an estate, known as Mirador , in Albemarle County, Virginia . Nancy Langhorne had four sisters and three brothers who survived childhood. All of the sisters were known for their "good looks". Nancy and her sister Irene both attended St. Catherine's Episcopal School in Richmond, followed by
4032-585: Was unhappy and ended in divorce. She then moved to England and married American-born Englishman Waldorf Astor in 1906. After her second husband succeeded to the peerage and entered the House of Lords , she entered politics as a member of the Unionist Party (now the Conservative Party) and won his former seat of Plymouth Sutton in 1919, becoming the first woman to sit as an MP in the House of Commons . During her time in Parliament, Astor
4096-480: Was worried that the group might be viewed as a pro-German conspiracy, and her husband, William Waldorf Astor, wrote in a letter to the Times , "To link our weekends with any particular clique is as absurd as is the allegation that those of us who desire to establish better relations with Germany or Italy are pro-Nazis or pro-Fascists". The Cliveden Set was also depicted by war agitators as the prime movers for peace. At
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