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58-487: The first settlements on the territory of the modern Vysokogorsky district date back to the 12th century and were initially subjects of Volga Bulgaria . The remains of some of these settlements survive to the present day and are sites of cultural heritage in the Republic. Industrial and agricultural complexes are well developed in the district with three industrial sites having already been created. Another industrial park

116-508: A centre of agriculture and handicraft. Vysokaya Gora, Republic of Tatarstan Biektaw ( Tatar : Биектау , romanized:  Biyektaw ) is a rural locality (a selo ) in Biektaw District , Tatarstan . The population was 9589 as of 2010. Biektaw is located 1,5 km south of Biektaw , district's administrative centre, and 22 km northeast of Qazan , republic's capital, by road. The village already existed during

174-574: A general Arabic term for Slavic people . Other researches tie the term to the ethnic name Scythian (or Saka in Persian ). Over time, the cities of Volga Bulgaria were rebuilt and became trade and craft centres of the Golden Horde . Some Volga Bulgars, primarily masters and craftsmen, were forcibly moved to Sarai and other southern cities of the Golden Horde. Volga Bulgaria remained

232-534: A green field, with a scarlet banner, on which the cross is also silver; the shaft is gold." A large part of the region's population included Turkic groups such as Sabirs , Esegel , Barsil , Bilars , Baranjars , and part of the obscure Burtas (by ibn Rustah ). Modern Chuvash claim to descend from Sabirs , Esegels , and Volga Bulgars . Another part comprised Volga Finnic and Magyar ( Asagel and Pascatir ) tribes, from which Bisermäns probably descend. Ibn Fadlan refers to Volga Bulgaria as Saqaliba ,

290-505: A large force of Rus' for an even larger campaign against the Bulgars. The Bulgars would send entreaties and proposals for peace but these were all rejected. Yuri travelled with his army to Omut where further entreaties for peace were received from the Bulgars however these were still rejected. However, by the time Vasilko Konstantinovich of Rostov arrived, Yuri accepted an offer of gifts and agreed to adhere to an earlier peace treaty with

348-573: A part of the Ulus Jochi , later known as the Golden Horde . It was divided into several principalities; each of them became a vassal of the Golden Horde and received some autonomy. By the 1430s, the Khanate of Kazan was established as the most important of these principalities. Volga Bulgar language was a Turkic language. The only extant member of the Oghuric group that is still spoken today

406-589: A red banner." Over time, the colour of the shield changed to green. In the Manifesto on the full coat of arms of the Empire (1800), the Bulgarian coat of arms is described as follows: "In a green field it has a white Lamb with a golden radiance near its head; in its right front paw it holds a Christian banner." The description of the coat of arms, approved in 1857: "The Bulgarian coat of arms: a silver lamb walking in

464-472: A silver cross; the shaft is gold. The erroneous perception of the beast on the Bulgarian coat of Arms in the Royal Titular as a lamb is explained by the poor quality of the reproduction of the image. In the "Historical Dictionary of Russian Sovereigns ..." by I. Nekhachin (ed. by A.Reshetnikov, 1793), the Bulgarian coat of arms is described as follows: "Bulgarian, in a blue field, a silver lamb wearing

522-575: A sports complex with clubs of wrestling, judo, aerobics, and athletic gymnastics in the village of Vysokaya Gora . In 2020, a swimming pool with an area of 1498.4 m2 was opened in the village of Vysokaya Gora. There are nine cultural heritage sitesin the area. Among them is the Church of the Icon of the Kazan Mother of God . Its original building was erected back in the 17th century. The existing temple

580-627: Is a structural unit of the Kazan metropolitan area and there are 25 rural settlements in the district. The district climate is continental with average temperatures in July from 18.5 to 19.5 °C (65.3 to 67.1 °F) and January temperatures ranging from −14.5 to −13.5 °C (5.9 to 7.7 °F). The modern coat of arms of the Vysokogorsky district was approved by the decision of the Council of

638-658: Is believed to be situated between Kazakhstan and the North Caucasian steppes. Interaction with the Hunnic tribes , causing the migration, may have occurred there, and the Pontic–Caspian steppe seems the most likely location. Some scholars propose that the Bulgars may have been a branch or offshoot of the Huns or at least Huns seem to have been absorbed by the Bulgars after Dengizich 's death. Others however, argue that

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696-661: Is known that the Bulgarian coat of arms figure was used to designate the Bulgarian Kingdom and in the Great Seal of Tsar John IV. The seal was a "lion walking" (which is confirmed by the seals of the Volga Bulgarians found by archaeologists). On the coats of arms and seals of the Russian tsars, the lands of Volga Bulgaria were represented on a green field by a silver walking lamb with a red banner divided by

754-602: Is planned to be put into operation in 2021. The Vysokogorsky district is located in the northwestern part of the Republic of Tatarstan. The district shares borders with the Zelenodolsky , Arsky , Atninsky and Pestrechinsky districts , as well as the Republic of Mari El . The administrative center of the region is the village of Vysokaya Gora. The territory of the district encompasses an area of 1,574.8 km (608.0 sq mi) with 1,188.2 km (458.8 sq mi) devoted to agricultural use. Vysokogorsky district

812-402: Is said to amount to25 million rubles. Indicators of investment in enterprises of the district, excluding budgetary funds, amounted to 8,339,000 rubles in 2019 and 4,608,000 rubles in the first half of 2020. The federal main railway line "Kazan - Yekaterinburg" passes through the territory of the Vysokogorsky district. The main roads serving the district are the " M-7 Volga " federal highway and

870-620: Is the Chuvash language . The language persisted in the Volga region up until the 13th or 14th century. Although there is no direct evidence, some scholars believe it gave rise to modern Chuvash language while others support the idea that Chuvash is another distinct Oghur Turkic language. Italian historian and philologist Igor de Rachewiltz noted a significant distinction of the Chuvash language from other Turkic languages. According to him,

928-655: Is the only Oghuric language that survived and it is the sole living representative of the Volga Bulgar language. Most scholars agree that the Volga Bulgars were initially subject to the Khazar Khaganate. This fragmented Volga Bulgaria grew in size and power and gradually freed itself from the influence of the Khazars. Sometime in the late 9th century, unification processes started and the capital

986-519: The Christianization of Kievan Rus' . In 921 Almış sent an ambassador to the Caliph requesting religious instruction. The next year an embassy returned with Ibn Fadlan as secretary. A significant number of Muslims already lived in the country. The Volga Bulgars attempted to convert Vladimir I of Kiev to Islam; however Vladimir rejected the notion of Rus' giving up wine, which he declared

1044-740: The Golden Horde invasion. Volga Bulgaria played a key role in the trade between Europe and the Muslim world. Furs and slaves were the main goods in this trade, and the Volga Bulgarian slave trade played a significant role. People taken captive during the viking raids in Western Europe, such as Ireland, could be sold to Moorish Spain via the Dublin slave trade or transported to Hedeby or Brännö in Scandinavia and from there via

1102-731: The Huns continued under Ernak, becoming the Kutrigur and Utigur Hunno -Bulgars. These conclusions remain a topic of ongoing debate and controversy among scholars. The Bulgars were an Oghuric people who settled north of the Black Sea . During their westward migration across the Eurasian steppe , they came under the overlordship of Khazars , leading other ethnic groups, including Finno-Ugric and Iranic as well as other Turkic peoples. In about 630 they founded Old Great Bulgaria , which

1160-532: The Mamadyshsky District . The current head of the district executive committee is Damir Shaydullin. 51,567 people lived in the Vysokogorsky district at the beginning of 2020. By ethnic composition, the population is divided as follows with 64% identifying as Tatars , 34% as Russians , and 2% as belonging to other nationalities. There are 25 rural settlements in the Vysokogorsky municipal district. The administrative centers of rural settlements are

1218-705: The Samanid slave market in Central Asia and finally via Iran to the Abbasid Caliphate . Slavic pagans were also enslaved by Vikings, Magyars , and Volga Bulgars, who transported them to Volga Bulgaria, where they were sold to Muslim slave traders and continued to Khwarezm and the Samanids, with a minor part being exported to the Byzantine Empire . This was a major trade; the Samanids were

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1276-540: The Unzha River which was an important commercial route. In 1220, the Grand Duke Yuri II of Vladimir captured Ustiug and besieged the important Bulgar town of Aşlı . The consequence of this was that Vladimir-Suzdal gained access to Volga Bulgaria's northern trade routes and hindered the means of the Bulgars acquiring fur. The Nikon Chronicle also details that following this, Yuri II began amassing

1334-576: The Volga trade route to Russia, where slaves and furs were sold to Muslim merchants in exchange for Arab silver dirham and silk, which have been found in Birka , Wollin and Dublin ; initially this trade route between Europe and the Abbasid Caliphate passed via the Khazar Kaghanate , but from the early 10th century onward it went via Volga Bulgaria and from there by caravan to Khwarazm , to

1392-459: The "Kazan - Malmyzh" road with a continuation to the city of Kirov. The total length of local public roads is 678.7 km (421.7 mi). The state natural landscape park "Chulpan" is located on the territory of the district. It is located near the village of Bolshiye Kovali and covers 6054 hectares. The park provides a habitat for nine of the endangered bird species listed in the Red Book of

1450-420: The 9th and 13th centuries around the confluence of the Volga and Kama River , in what is now European Russia . Volga Bulgaria was a multi-ethnic state with large numbers of Bulgars , Finno-Ugrians , Varangians , and East Slavs . Its strategic position allowed it to create a local trade monopoly with Norse , Cumans , and Pannonian Avars . The origin of the early Bulgars is still unclear. Their homeland

1508-537: The Alatskaya Daruga (district) until the beginning of the 18th century. The road to the administrative center of Alatskaya Daruga passed to the north and northwest of Kazan. The district at this time was inhabited by Russian landowners, Tatars, and newly baptized peoples. Alatskaya Daruga was abolished in 1708, and its territory became part of the Kazan district. In 1722, Peter I visited the village of Kaymary and

1566-471: The Austrian manufacturer of ceramic materials " Wienerberger " has operated in the village of Kurkachi, since 2008. Production has been expanded since then with about 100 million rubles were invested in new production facilities in 2014. The company's revenue amounted to 578.2 million rubles in 2018. In January–September 2020 gross regional exports accounted for over 9.7 billion rubles in economic activity in

1624-623: The Bulgars that was agreed under the rule of his father, Vsevolod the Big Nest . In September 1223 near Samara an advance guard of Genghis Khan 's army under the command of Uran , son of Subutai Bahadur , entered Volga Bulgaria but was defeated in the Battle of Samara Bend . In 1236, the Mongols returned and in five years had subjugated the whole country, which at that time was suffering from internal war . Henceforth Volga Bulgaria became

1682-509: The Chuvash language does not share certain common characteristics with Turkic languages to such a degree that some scholars consider Chuvash as an independent branch from Turkic and Mongolic. The Turkic classification of Chuvash was seen as a compromise solution for classification purposes. Definition of verbs in Volga Bulgar Volga Bulgars left some inscriptions in tombstones. There are few surviving inscriptions in

1740-512: The Pious and Vsevolod III ), anxious to defend their eastern border, systematically pillaged Volga Bulgarian cities. Under Rus' pressure from the west, the Volga Bulgars had to move their capital from Bolghar to Bilär . From the beginning of the 13th century, the Volga Bulgars were subject to multiple raids from the East Slavic principalities as multiple skirmishes took place for control of

1798-595: The Republic of Tatarstan. In addition, there are seven natural monuments in the region, among them five lakes, the Estachinsky slope, and the "Semiozerny forest". The Republic authorities have developed a project to group these lakes into a tourist cluster named the "Mirrors of Tatarstan". This concept became a finalist of the All-Russian competition for the development of ecotourism in Russia. The project involves

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1856-594: The Volga Bulgar language and its place within the broader Turkic language family. Cases in Volga Bulgar Ivan III was also called the "Prince of Bulgaria". The mention of the Bulgarian land has been present in the royal title since 1490. This refers to Volga Bulgaria. Ivan by the grace of God is the sovereign of all Russia and the Grand Duke of Vladimir, and Moscow, and Novgorod, and Pskov, and Tver, and Yugra, and Prmsk, and Bolgar and others It

1914-697: The Volga Bulgar language, as the language was primarily an oral language and the Volga Bulgars did not develop a writing system until much later in their history. After converting to Islam, some of these inscriptions were written using Arabic letters while the use of the Orkhon script continued. Mahmud al-Kashgari provides some information about the language of the Volga Bulgars, whom he refers to as Bulghars. Some scholars suggest Hunnic had strong ties with Bulgar and to modern Chuvash and classify this grouping as separate Hunno-Bulgar languages. However, such speculations are not based on proper linguistic evidence, since

1972-454: The Vysokogorsky district in 2017. The park is intended to launch meat processing and food production capacity in the district. Up to 70 site residents could be accommodated on the site with the stated potential to create 6-7 thousand new jobs in 2020. Completion of the site infrastructure and the attraction of residents is planned for early 2021. According to the project, the total amount of investment by residents and management companies by 2026

2030-408: The Vysokogorsky region in 2007 on the site of a former dairy plant. The company managed to acquire its own headquarters in the village of Kurkachi in 2007. According to data from 2016, the plant's revenue amounted to more than 50 million rubles. The average salary of the company's employees was 52.3 thousand rubles in 2020. The largest regional plant "SafPlast" began operating in 2008. Already in 2010,

2088-409: The agrofirm "Tatarstan". The agricultural enterprise "Biryuli" was founded in the 1930s. The company has been engaged in crop production, fur farming, garment making and the sale of fur products since the 2000s. "Biryuli" purchased out about 100 hectares of land in the region to expand production in 2010. The company owed its employees about 5.4 million from the salary fund by 2016. The company paid off

2146-533: The coat of arms. The village of Iske-Kazan was founded on the territory of the modern Vysokogorsky district in the 12th century. But later in the 15th century, it became a part of the Kazan Khanate. The modern village of Vysokaya Gora was called Baigysh at that time. After the seizure of the territory by Ivan the Terrible , it was renamed Rozhdestvenskoye. Part of the territory of the district belonged to

2204-531: The company's turnover amounted to 1.53 billion rubles. "SafPlast" was included in the ranking Top 300 Companies of Tatarstan in 2011. The company ranked first in Russia in the production of extrusion extruded polymer sheets in 2018, annually producing 15 billion square meters of these products. The plant has been a member of the national project "Labor productivity and employment support" since 2019 from which its employees receive soft loans, courses for retraining and advanced training are organized for them. A branch of

2262-528: The construction of the temple of St. Kyril Belozersky began after his visit. Subsequently, a close friend of Peter I, Nefyod Kudryavtsev, received an estate in the village, leading to frequent visits by both the emperor himself and his successors: Paul I and Catherine the Great to the Kaymar estate in the district{. Besides them, Yevgeny Baratynsky had lived in the district since 1831. The Vysokohorsky district

2320-431: The creation of a center for environmental education and active recreation, the promotion of sports recreation. Work is scheduled to start on this project in the spring of 2021. According to data from 2019, the Vysokogorsky district is served by 88 educational institutions, 26 rural clubs, 43 libraries, three children's music schools, and 117 cultural and educational institutions. There are two racing tracks, ski resorts, and

2378-453: The creation of the enterprise. A year later, the head of the farm was arrested on suspicion of embezzlement of part of the allocated funds. Under new leadership the firm has since repeatedly been included in the rating of the "100 best goods of Russia" and joined the ranks of the country's largest rabbit meat factories. At the time the company had invested about 560 million rubles, while its revenue only amounted to about 122 million. The company

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2436-506: The debt after the intervention of the republican interagency commission. The company's assets include 22 thousand hectares of agricultural land, including 17 thousand hectares of arable land and 3.6 thousand head of cattle in 2017. A rabbit factory was founded in the village of Ulya in 2006. 90% of the shares of the factory belonged to the Investment and Venture Fund of Tatarstan as the main investor, which allocated 37 million rubles for

2494-562: The language of the Huns is almost unknown except for a few attested words and personal names. Scholars generally consider Hunnish as unclassifiable. Numbers and Vocabulary in Volga Bulgar Mahmud al-Kashgari also provides some examples of Volga Bulgar words, poems, and phrases in his dictionary.. However, Mahmud al-Kashgari himself wasn't a native speaker of Volga Bulgar. Despite its limitations, Mahmud al-Kashgari's work remains an important source of information about

2552-745: The leader Asparukh moved west from the Pontic-Caspian steppes and eventually settled along the Danube River., in what is now known as Bulgaria proper, where they created a confederation with the Slavs , adopting a South Slavic language and the Eastern Orthodox faith. However, Bulgars in Idel-Ural eventually gave birth to Chuvash people. Unlike Danube Bulgars, Volga Bulgars did not adopt any language. The Chuvash language today

2610-491: The main source of Arab silver to Europe via this route, and Ibn Fadlan referred to the ruler of the Volga Bulgar as "King of the Saqaliba " because of his importance for this trade. The Rus' principalities to the west posed the only tangible military threat. In the 11th century, the country was devastated by several raids by other Rus'. Then, at the turn of the 12th and 13th centuries, the rulers of Vladimir (notably Andrew

2668-402: The municipal district on December 6, 2006. The visual design of the coat of arms includes an azure color as a symbol of the clear sky. A golden cauldron symbolizes the region's rich history and local traditions. The cauldron is located on a green hill, which reflects the name of the area. The flag of the Vysokogorsky district has blue, green, yellow colors. The flag is based on heraldic elements of

2726-635: The north to Baghdad and Constantinople in the south, from Western Europe to China in the East. Other major cities included Bilär , Suar (Suwar), Qaşan (Kashan) and Cükätaw (Juketau). Modern cities Kazan and Yelabuga were founded as Volga Bulgaria's border fortresses. Some of the Volga Bulgarian cities have still not been found, but they are mentioned in old East Slavic sources. They are: Ashli (Oshel), Tuxçin (Tukhchin), İbrahim (Bryakhimov), Taw İle. Some of them were ruined during and after

2784-527: The period of the Qazan Khanate . From 18th to the first half of the 19th centuries village's residents belonged to the social estate of state peasants . By the beginning of the twentieth century, village had a parish government, a staging camp, a church, a zemstvo school, a windmill, 8 blacksmith shops, a beer shop, a wine shop and 8 small shops. Before the creation of the Tatar ASSR in 1920

2842-405: The plant to increase its milk processing capacity from 70 to 250 tons per day. The brand under which the products are manufactured will remain unchanged. There are three industrial sites in the district. They had 17 residents who produced products worth 6.2 billion rubles in 2015. The Direct Investment Fund of Tatarstan announced its intention to create a food industrial park "M7 Vysokaya Gora" in

2900-483: The region. The Vysokogorsky district ranked third in the Kazan agglomeration and 19th in Tatarstan in terms of agricultural production in 2015. Spring wheat, winter rye, oats, vegetables are cultivated in the region. The main livestock industries in the region are dairy and beef cattle breeding. Prominent agricultural enterprises in the district are "Biryuli", "Serp and Molot", "Pravda", "Bitaman", "Suksu", "Vatan", and

2958-558: The villages Aybash , Alan-Bekser , Aldermysh , Berozka , Biryulinskogo Zverosovkhoza , Bolshoy Bitaman , Bolshiye Kovali , Vysokaya Gora , Dachnoye, Dubyazy , Kurkachi , Kazaklar , Memdel , Mulma, Alat, Semiozerka, Suksu , Tashly-Kovali , Usady , Chepchugi , Chernyshevka, Shapshi , and Yamashurma . The largest enterprises in the district are the companies "Wienerberger Brick", "Safplast" and "Tatspirtprom" which in 2015 produced products worth 7.81 billion rubles. The "Kazanselmash" agricultural machinery plant began operating in

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3016-494: Was built in 1809. In Soviet times , the premises of the church were used for raising chickens and pigs. The temple took a long time to restore. In 2020, the first prayer service was held in the building for the first time in a long time. Volga Bulgaria Volga Bulgaria or Volga–Kama Bulgaria (sometimes referred to as the Volga Bulgar Emirate ) was a historical Bulgar state that existed between

3074-420: Was declared bankrupt in 2018 with its property and debts estimated at 227 million rubles. The Vysokogorsky District has been operating the "Support for Beginning Farmers" program since 2012. 12 projects were implemented under its auspices for the cost of 17 million rubles over the four years of its operation. The program for the construction of cowsheds was initiated in the region and a new dairy farm for 390 cows

3132-538: Was destroyed by the Khazars in 668. Kotrag , following the death of his father, began to extend the influence of his Bulgars to the Volga River . He is remembered as the founder of Volga Bulgaria. They reached Idel-Ural in the eighth century, where they became the dominant population at the end of the 9th century, uniting other tribes of different origin who lived in the area. However, some Bulgar tribes under

3190-409: Was established at Bolghar (also spelled Bulgar) city, 160 km south of modern Kazan . However, complete independence was reached after Khazaria's destruction and conquest by Sviatoslav in the late 10th century; thus, Bulgars no longer paid tribute to it. Abu al-Ghazi Bahadur named the Volga Bulgar people as Ulak . Volga Bulgaria adopted Islam as a state religion in 922 – 66 years before

3248-402: Was formed as a new territorial unit in 1935 after the dissolution of the cantons. It was abolished in 1959, but it was restored 4 years later in. Rashid Shayakhmetov was appointed as head of the Vysokogorsky district in 1998. He was replaced by Nagim Sadiev in 2007 who then subsequently resigned in 2010. To the present day the district has been headed by Rustam Kalimullin , who previously headed

3306-664: Was opened in the Vysokogorsky district in 2020. There is a branch of the Kasymov Dairy Plant in the region. It specializes in short-term storage products sold under the "Berekatle" brand. The Vysokogorsky plant was bought by the Udmurt company "Uva-Moloko" for 750 million rubles in 2020. Investors explained the acquisition by the fact that there is little milk in Udmurtia and the region relies on orders from Tatarstan. The new owners plan to invest about 100 million rubles in

3364-520: Was the "very joy of their lives". Commanding the Volga River in its middle course, the state controlled much of trade between Europe and Asia prior to the Crusades (which made other trade routes practicable). Bolghar , was a thriving city, rivalling in size and wealth the greatest centres of the Islamic world. Trade partners of Bolghar included from Vikings , Bjarmland , Yugra and Nenets in

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