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60-424: The name Västernorrland means "Western Norrland ", as it was in the western part of the original Norrland (northern Sweden and northern Finland). For History, Geography and Culture, see: Ångermanland or Medelpad Västernorrland County covers approximately the historical provinces of Ångermanland (Angermannia) and Medelpad. The main aim of the county administrative board – a government agency headed by

120-1231: A Stockholmer having to live for an extended period in Norrland feels "exiled to the back of beyond"; Norrland is also colder, and a Stockholmer coming there must urgently buy warmer clothes (a theme highlighted also in As It Is in Heaven) ; Norrlanders often speak regional dialects which Stockholm people find nearly incomprehensible; Stockholm people look down their noses at "a working class boy from Norrland" even when he had lived many years in Stockholm. The book's great success and translation into numerous languages made non-Swedish people more aware of Norrland and its special characteristics. [REDACTED] Media related to Norrland at Wikimedia Commons Ume%C3%A5 Umeå ( UK : / ˈ uː m ə ɔː / OO -mə-aw , US : / ˈ uː m eɪ oʊ / OO -may-oh , Swedish: [ˈʉ̌ːmɛɔ] , locally [ˈʉ̌ːmɛ] ; Finnish : Uumaja ; Ume Sami : Ubmeje ; Southern Sami : Upmeje ; Northern Sami : Ubmi )

180-610: A governor – is to fulfil the goals set out in national politics by the Riksdag and the government , to coordinate the interests of the county, to promote the development of the county, to establish regional goals and safeguard the due process of law in the handling of each case. See List of Västernorrland governors . The regional council of Västernorrland is the Region Västernorrland . The table details all Riksdag election results of Västernorrland County since

240-448: A letter to Erik Puke requesting assistance to conquer entire Norrland ( al norland vnte han honom wolla ). Ice hockey is generally regarded to be the most popular spectator sport in Norrland. Many of Sweden's most famous hockey players are natives of Norrland, including Peter Forsberg , Börje Salming , Markus Näslund , Henrik Lundqvist , Nicklas Bäckström , Elias Pettersson , and twin brothers Henrik and Daniel Sedin . As of

300-543: A more continental climate. Average January temperature is about −7 °C (19 °F), July is 16 °C (61 °F). Considering its proximity to a major water body and its latitude, summers are warmer than would be expected. The record high of 32.2 °C (90.0 °F) was recorded on 23 July 2014, during a very warm summer in Sweden . The record low of −38.2 °C (−36.8 °F) was recorded on 15 February 1978. The population of Umeå has grown consistently since

360-468: A row (as of 2013 ). Other sports clubs include IFK Umeå , BK Ume-Trixa , Mariehem SK , Umeå FC , and Umedalens IF . In 2018 and 2020, Umeå was named Sweden's best sports city by SVT Sport. In 2011, a baseball and softball team, Umeå Baseboll & Softbol|klubb, was founded. The team has 2 former national team players as coaches and currently plays in Norra Regionserien. Umea is also

420-567: Is Umeå IK . The men's hockey team IF Björklöven was very successful in the 1980s but has been less successful in recent years. Björklöven are currently playing in the Swedish second-tier league HockeyAllsvenskan while Umeå IK plays in the top Swedish women's football league Damallsvenskan . IBK Dalen and IKSU are among the major floorball teams in Sweden; both teams has been in the Swedish Championships finals two years in

480-577: Is a city in northeast Sweden . It is the seat of Umeå Municipality and the capital of Västerbotten County . Situated on the Ume River , Umeå is the largest locality in Norrland and the thirteenth largest in Sweden, with a wider municipal population of 132,235 inhabitants in the beginning of 2023. When Umeå University was established in 1965, growth accelerated, and the amount of housing has doubled in 30 years from 1980 to 2010. As of 2018 , Umeå

540-398: Is abundant, although it in many areas is very mild for that classification, especially in coastal regions. In the mountain ranges the tundra climate can be found with summer temperatures averaging below 10 °C (50 °F), but that is due to altitude and not in populated areas. All low-lying areas of Norrland are below the tree line because of the mild summers and so the boreal forest

600-669: Is believed to be derived from the Old Norse word Úma which means roaring . The name of the town would therefore mean " The Roaring River ". The coast came to be permanently settled by Germanic peoples moving upwards on the Bothnian Bay by boat, hence the Germanic names of towns and villages on the Westrobothnian coast. Southern Westrobothnia (Umeå and Skellefteå) has been a permanent Germanic settlement since at least

660-415: Is dominant. In older history, Norrland is one of the four lands of Sweden . To the west it represented the northern half of Sweden bounded to the south by Svealand and to the east it represented the northern half of Finland – which was then a part of Sweden – bounded to the south by Österland . In Svealand and Götaland, the land boundaries were of major juridical and administrative importance, but this

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720-453: Is given a copy of every new book printed in Sweden. The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences or Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitet is a university in Sweden. Although its head office is located in Uppsala ( Ultuna ), the university has several campuses in different parts of Sweden, including Umeå. Unlike other government-run universities in Sweden, it is funded through the budget for

780-816: Is located along the Blue Highway , which is an international tourist route from Mo i Rana , Norway to Pudozh , Russia via Finland . The Opera of northern Sweden, the Norrland Opera , is based in the city, as is the English-language non-profit Umeå Theatre Company and the Museum of Contemporary Art and Visual Culture . The annual Umeå Jazz Festival is one of the larger Scandinavian festivals for modern jazz. Well-known metal bands from Umeå include Cult of Luna , Gotham City, Hollow , Meshuggah , Mexicoma , Nocturnal Rites and Persuader . During

840-424: Is portrayed in movies and series such as Sällskapsresan 2 – Snowroller , The Hunters and Pistvakt – En vintersaga . Despite Norrland being the most diverse of the three lands of Sweden in terms of languages and cultures it is usually portrayed as one homogeneous region. Fiction usually portrays characters from Norrland as villagers from the wilderness even though the majority of the population live in and around

900-515: Is sometimes portrayed slightly negatively in Swedish fiction, sometimes being a place of terror and dread. The thriller films The Hunters and False Trail ( The Hunters 2 ) show a highly negative portrait of Norrland, filled with racial prejudice and violence. The people of Norrland in their turn tend to have a fairly negative view of people from Stockholm and the rest of southern Sweden, for example by referring to Stockholm as fjollträsk , which loosely translated means "sissy town". This dynamic

960-545: Is the largest town of the vast Lapland province in the far north. Sweden's highest mountain Kebnekaise and deepest lake of Hornavan are in Norrland. Plenty of long rivers originating in the mountains run through the Norrland forests, with major coastal towns frequently being on their estuaries. Their extensive drops in elevation also make Norrland a major producer of hydroelectricity from some of those rivers. Winters in Norrland are cold by Swedish standards but mild for

1020-404: Is the northernmost, largest and least populated of the three traditional lands of Sweden , consisting of nine provinces . Although Norrland does not serve any administrative purposes, it continues to exist as a historical, cultural, and geographic region; it is often referred to in everyday language, e.g., in weather forecasts. Several related Norrland dialects form a distinct subset of dialects of

1080-737: The Ministry of Enterprise and Innovation . The university hospital serves the entire region of northern Sweden. Key research fields of the University are life sciences (especially medical and cell and the molecular biology of plants), human-technology interaction, social welfare, ecology and gender perspectives. The Umeå University works collaboratively with companies such as ABB , Volvo , Skanska , Ericsson , and Öhrlings PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC). The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU) in Umeå, with Umeå Plant Science Centre ,

1140-559: The Nordic Resistance Movement . The road infrastructure includes two European highways ( E4 and E12 ) which pass the city. The local bus system is centred at Vasaplan in the city centre, and has multiple routes travelling throughout the city. About 4 kilometres (2 miles) from the city centre is Umeå Airport . It is the 7th largest airport in Sweden by number of passengers, with 844,932 passengers in 2010. The Bothnia Line ( Botniabanan ) connects to Umeå from

1200-613: The Scandinavian Mountains in the west, the Muddus Plains covering much of the inland, and the mixed relief of the eastern coast. Unlike the much more densely populated Svealand and Götaland , which are better known for big cities ( Stockholm , Gothenburg , Malmö ) with landmarks and tourist attractions, Norrland is known for its nature with wide forests, large rivers and untouched wilderness. Most inhabitants live in rural areas and small villages and along

1260-455: The Swedish language separate from those to its south. Norrland consists of the majority of the Swedish landmass at about 60% of the land area, but only has about 12% of the country's population. Its largest city is Umeå , while the other four county seats are Gävle , Härnösand , Östersund and Luleå . The largest non-capitals are Sundsvall , Skellefteå and Örnsköldsvik while Kiruna

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1320-496: The 14th century, but probably since the Viking ages or earlier. Umeå in its first form was a parish with a wooden church and trade post located in the section of town now known as Backen (or Kyrkbacken). Its location near the coast and on a river was probably one of the reasons that people chose to settle there. For the next couple of centuries, Umeå was a place consisting of scattered parishes, where merchandise originating with

1380-555: The 1960s, when the university was built. In part because of the university, the town has attracted many residents from outside of Sweden, as well as students from other regions of Sweden. As of 2015, 10.4% of the population in the municipality of Umeå were foreign-born. The largest national origin group is from Finland , followed by Iraq , Iran and Somalia . In April 2017 the Jewish association in Umeå closed after receiving multiple threats from neo-Nazis , allegedly associated with

1440-414: The 1990s, the influence of Umeå hardcore punk bands such as Final Exit , Step Forward , Refused , Abhinanda , Shield and Doughnuts and the local labels Desperate Fight Records and Busted Heads Records led to the growth of Umeå's hardcore scene. Independent record label Ny Våg is headquartered in Umeå, and have released records of Umeå artists such as AC4 , Masshysteri and Invasionen . In 2009

1500-510: The 2023 season, no team from Norrland currently plays in Allsvenskan. However, teams such as GIF Sundsvall , Gefle IF and Östersunds FK have all in recent years played many seasons in Sweden's highest league, and the region has produced its share of famous footballers. Gunnar Nordahl , Tomas Brolin , Jesper Blomqvist and Mikael Lustig are all footballers who grew up in Norrland, and went on to become Swedish internationals. Norrland

1560-613: The 2023–24 season, four Norrland teams currently compete in the Swedish Hockey League : Luleå HF , Skellefteå AIK , MoDo Hockey and Timrå IK . Additionally, Brynäs IF and IF Björklöven are also two popular teams from Norrland with long traditions in Swedish ice hockey who currently compete in the second highest league Hockeyallsvenskan . Skiing, both alpine and nordic, is also a popular sport in Norrland. Two of Sweden's largest and most popular ski resorts, Åre and Hemavan , are located in Norrland. Famous skiers from

1620-962: The 3 main branches of SLU , host around 40,000 enrolled students, which corresponds to around 30% of the total population. CRISPR gene editing was developed by researchers, headed by Emmanuelle Charpentier at Umeå University, being awarded the 2020 Nobel Prize in Chemistry . Umeå was the European Capital of Culture during 2014, along with Riga in Latvia . Umeå is certified by the EarthCheck Sustainable Destinations program. Consulates from ten countries can be found in Umeå (2021): Denmark (from 1848), Finland (from 1921), France (from 1989), Iceland (from 2002), Italy (from 2012), Latvia (1939–1940; again from 2014), Lithuania (from 2012), Norway (from 1963), and

1680-458: The 3,000 inhabitants became homeless. In the restoration following the fire, almost 3,000 silver birch trees were planted along wide avenues to prevent future fires from spreading. For this reason Umeå is sometimes known as "Björkarnas Stad", the "City of Birches". The name of the Umeå ice-hockey team, Björklöven , means "The Birch Leaves". Umeå is situated on the inlet of the Gulf of Bothnia at

1740-735: The County of Västernorrland are a combination of those of Ångermanland and Medelpad . When it is shown with a royal crown, it represents the county administrative board . Blazon: "Parted per pale, the arms of Angermannia and the arms of Medelpad." Local public transport in the county is provided by Din Tur . 62°44′23″N 16°55′48″E  /  62.739633°N 16.929932°E  / 62.739633; 16.929932 Norrland Norrland ( Swedish: [ˈnɔ̌rːland] , "Northland", originally Norrlanden or "the Northlands")

1800-491: The Middle Ages on, the Swedish kings tried to colonize and Christianize the area. As a result of the changing relations to Finland, the northern borders of Norrland have shifted. While the word Finland originally meant only the southwestern part of what is now Finland ( Finland Proper ), the border of Norrland was drawn at the rivers Kaakamojoki or, later, Simojoki . This changed when the eastern half of Sweden (Finland)

1860-593: The Republic of Seychelles (from 2001). Umeå has been the home of Rally Sweden since 2022. People have lived in the Umeå ;river valley for at least three thousand years. The oldest rock carvings near Umeå, ten kilometers west of the city at Norrforsen , are from about 3,000 BCE. In some places, there are remains of settlements and cultivation from the Bronze Age to the 11th century. During that period

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1920-451: The Sami people was traded, and was the last inhabited place before the northern wilderness took over. However, no real city was built at the location selected by the king, and it lost its town privileges in the 1590s. In 1622, a city was again founded by Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden . In 1638, it had about 40 houses. It suffered from Russian attacks in 1714 and in 1720 when it was burnt to

1980-404: The administration in Stockholm viewed Norrland essentially as a colony consisting of natural resources to be exploited. "In Norrland we have an India within our borders, if only we realize we should be taking advantage of it" ( I Norrland hava vi inom våra gränser ett Indien, blott vi förstå att bruka det ) is a quote attributed to Axel Oxenstierna that fairly well describes the attitude. In

2040-462: The challenges of small town living." The northern town is initially inhospitable to the main character as a boy, whose mother chooses to take him out of the town to escape bullying. He returns years later as an accomplished musician, only to find an insular town where bullying continues in several forms, including from the original classmates who troubled him as a youth. It is through his outside status—along with his music and desire share its joy—that

2100-423: The climate was mild, and barley and wheat were grown in the area, while moose and beaver were hunted further inland. The first written mention of Umeå is from the 14th century. The northern parts of Sweden, including the counties of Västerbotten and Norrbotten , were mostly settled by nomadic Sami people before this time but not necessarily forming any permanent settlement in the city's exact location. The name

2160-496: The coast in cities. Towards the end of the 20th century, there was a noticeable increase of the population in Norrland, mainly from people moving from larger cities. The largest cities in Norrland, from north to south, are Luleå , Skellefteå , Umeå , Östersund , Sundsvall and Gävle . With the exception of Östersund, those cities are all near the coast. During the Industrial Revolution , which reached Sweden in

2220-456: The coastal cities. In the 2006 horror film Frostbite , the portrait is more balanced. Unlike most other Swedish films, it takes place in a larger community at the northern peak of Sweden, being filmed in Kalix and Kiruna . The people are shown to be pretty warm and welcoming towards outsiders. Rather than the people, the nature of Norrland is shown to be hostile. A constant darkness roams over

2280-592: The ground during the Russian Pillage of 1719–21 . At the close of the Finnish War in 1809 the Russian army under Barclay de Tolly took Umeå and held it from June to August. In 1874 the town improved the plans for its structure after it became a government requirement. Umeå had already started making these changes when on 25 June 1888, a fire devastated the eastern parts of Umeå and at least 2,300 of

2340-424: The historical nine provinces ( landskap ): [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] Historically, Jämtland and Härjedalen belonged to Norway until 1645, and are thus often considered outside of the historical Norrland. On the other hand, Finland belonged to Sweden until 1809, and during that time, Norrland

2400-410: The historical provinces Ångermanland, Medelpad, Jämtland and Härjedalen. Except for the coastal areas, Norrland is sparsely populated. Approximately 12 percent of Sweden's population lives in Norrland. Except for some coastal areas most of Norrland is made up by the Norrland terrain —hilly and mountainous land covered by boreal forests . More in detail Norrland is made up of three north–south belts:

2460-484: The host city of the FIA World Rally Championship's Rally Sweden. In 2021 it was announced that Rally Sweden would relocate to the northern Swedish city of Umeå after being held in the province of Värmland since its foundation. The primary reason for its relocation was that Umeå is considered a more snow safe region Umeå University has about 37,000 students and 4,200 staff. The establishment of

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2520-400: The last year on record alone. Västernorrland County was formed in 1634, when counties were introduced, replacing the older provinces . Västernorrland then included parts of Sweden north of the city of Gävle , except Jämtland and Härjedalen – which belonged to Norway – and except Finland. The county grew and shrank significantly since its creation. The boundary adjustments: Even though

2580-427: The latitudes. The vastness of the region renders very different environments and climates, ranging from mild coastal climates of Gävleborg to the tundra climate of the high mountains. In general, the most common climate is the subarctic type. The cold climate has led to winter sports being popular, with Norrland teams and athletes being especially successful in ice hockey , skiing and bandy . Norrland comprises

2640-531: The mid-19th century, Norrland became the source for the important wood and pulp industry. All but four of the major Norrland rivers have been exploited for water power . The rivers in Norrland account for the bulk of hydroelectric power in Sweden, which is in many countries a limited energy source, but Sweden has hydroelectrical power account for approximately 40 percent of its total production of electricity . Mines for producing precious metals have also been located in Norrland. In older history and still today,

2700-540: The mouth of the Ume River , in the south of Västerbotten. Umeå is about 600 km (373 mi) north of Stockholm and about 400 km (249 mi) south of the Arctic Circle. It is the largest city north of the Stockholm - Uppsala region, and is sometimes referred to as the regional centre of northern Sweden . The nearby community of Holmsund serves as its port. From here a ferry line connects it with

2760-476: The name Västernorrland literally means "Western Norrland ", it is today situated on the eastern coast of Swedish Norrland. The "west" in its name ( väster ) arose due to the fact that, at the time, Norrland was a much larger region, including northern Finland as well. Västernorrland was therefore the part of Norrland that lay west of the Baltic Sea , which used to be a Swedish inland sea . The arms for

2820-473: The neighbouring city of Vaasa (Swedish: Vasa ) in Finland . The near connections to Finland affects the population of the city – several Sweden Finns live in Umeå. Umeå has a subarctic climate ( Dfc ), bordering on a humid continental climate ( Dfb ) with short and fairly warm summers. Winters are lengthy and freezing but usually milder than in areas at the same latitude with

2880-471: The official history of Sweden, not much is written about the northern parts of the country. Kebnekaise , Sweden's tallest mountain at 2,111 metres (6,926 feet), is located in Lappland in the north of Norrland. Norrland has a highly variable climate depending on altitude, latitude and distance to water. The southern coastal areas have a humid continental climate , but further north, the subarctic climate

2940-435: The region include Ingemar Stenmark , Anja Pärson and Per Elofsson . Football is also popular in Norrland, but teams from the region have rarely been on the same competitive level as the big city clubs in southern Sweden. To date, no Norrland team has ever won Allsvenskan , Sweden's highest-level football league, and Sandvikens IF is the only Norrland team that has ever finished in the top four (last time in 1956). As of

3000-410: The region typically covers the historical provinces of Norrbotten, Västerbotten and Lappland (the modern counties of Norrbotten and Västerbotten), while the southern part covers the remainder of the region. There is also the concept of Middle Norrland ( mellersta Norrland ), which is the northern part of Southern Norrland. Middle Norrland has no clearly defined boundaries, but usually corresponds with

3060-634: The south, it runs along the High Coast via Örnsköldsvik to Umeå. This railway was opened on 28 August 2010. The new railway line is 190 km (118 mi) long, containing 140 bridges and 25 kilometres (16 miles) of tunnels. It provides Umeå with a fast train connection to Stockholm ( 6 + 1 ⁄ 2 hours). A new railway station, Umeå East Station , was built in connection to Norrland's University Hospital and Umeå University . The Wasaline ferry takes four hours to arrive in Vaasa , Finland. Umeå

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3120-507: The town and there is extreme cold. Vampires have been shown taking a liking to the land and hunt the towns people in the arctic night. The film is notorious for having the actors speak without the district Norrland accent, even the actors in the film who are native to Norrland. A mixed portrait of the region is found in As It Is in Heaven (2004), which "vividly conveys both the delights and

3180-481: The town finds redemption. The plot of the well-known thriller The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo shifts back and forth between Stockholm and the fictional Norrland town of Hedestad. A constantly repeated theme in the book's background are the social, cultural and physical differences between these two locations: Norrland is more sedate, conservative and slow-moving in comparison with the cosmopolitan Stockholm;

3240-522: The town was designated European Capital of Culture for 2014, along with Riga . Umeå is the centre of television in northern Sweden; SVT Nord and TV4's northern region office are both based in the city. The main newspapers of the county of Västerbotten, Västerbottens-Kuriren and Västerbottens Folkblad are also based in Umeå. The background and setting for the video game Unravel are based on landscapes around Umeå. The city of Umeå currently hosts four major sports clubs. The women's football club

3300-495: The unicameral era began in 1970 . The blocs denote which party would support the Prime Minister or the lead opposition party towards the end of the elected parliament. In Medelpad Province: In Ångermanland Province: SCB have collected statistics on backgrounds of residents since 2002. These tables consist of all who have two foreign-born parents or are born abroad themselves. The chart lists election years and

3360-442: The university in the mid-1960s led to a population expansion from about 50,000 inhabitants to today's 121,032. The expansion continues, with about 1100 new inhabitants every year, and has made Umeå a modern, somewhat intellectual city to add to the traditional basis of heavy industry for cities along the coast of northern Sweden ( Norrland ). In 1951 the university's library was recognised as important for northern Sweden. The library

3420-477: Was extended into Northern Finland. Administratively, Sweden is not divided into provinces but into counties ( län ). Although Norrland is defined in terms of the historical provinces and not the counties, it roughly comprises the modern counties of Gävleborg , Jämtland , Norrbotten , Västerbotten and Västernorrland . Sometimes, Norrland is subdivided into Northern Norrland ( norra Norrland ) and Southern Norrland ( södra Norrland ). The northern part of

3480-410: Was gaining around 1000 inhabitants per year and the municipality plans for having 200 000 inhabitants by 2050. The projection of municipality size in 2050 has, however, been questioned as an overestimation in an independent study. Umeå is a university town and centre of education, technical and medical research in northern Sweden. The two universities located in the city, Umeå University and one of

3540-464: Was lost to Russia in 1809, and the new border was drawn at Torne River . The southern border was originally everything north of the Gästrikland province (until the 14th or 15th century a part of Uppland ), but since the mid 17th century, Gästrikland is also considered a part of Norrland. The name can be first traced from Karl's Chronicle , explaining how Engelbrekt Engelbrektsson in 1433 sent

3600-464: Was not the case with Norrland. The name Norrland just gradually became a denomination of everything north of Svealand. Up to the Middle Ages, the northern part of Norrland ( Norrbotten and Lappland ) was sparsely populated by Sami , Kvens and different tribes/people related to the Finns . In the southern part of Norrland, Swedish and Norwegian settlers lived side by side with the Sami population. From

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