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54-520: [REDACTED] Look up yawi in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Yawi may mean: Yawi language , a Malayan language of Southern Thailand Jawi script , an Arabic alphabet used for several languages of Southeast Asia See also [ edit ] Yaoi , a Japanese genre of fiction Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with

108-477: A civil war . The Siamese , mobilised its forces to attack the Patani Kingdom as well. The Siamese emerged victorious, and the Patani Kingdom was severely weakened by the two-front incursion. The Siamese subsequently reorganised Patani in 1810 into a confederation of 7 semi-autonomous chiefdoms. The chiefdoms consist of Legeh , Nongchick , Patani , Reman, Saiburi , Yala and yaring . Each chiefdom

162-399: A few subdialects): Kelantan : Coastal (Narathiwat, Besut dialects), Central / River, Dabong / Inland Pattani : Yala, Saiburi, Bana Taning, Chenok / Chana, Nonthaburi / Bangkok Reman : Grik, Sik, Baling, Padang Terap, Batu Kugho / Selama, Southern Yala Creole/Pidgin : Samsam Malay (a mixed language of Thai and Pattani Malay spoken by those of mixed Thai-Malay ancestry) Kelantanese

216-475: A local warrior, he is a central figure that largely credited with leading and defending Reman territories. Details of his epic battles are largely recorded in the local lore. Another visible legacy of the Reman period includes batu tanda ( boundary marker ), built in 1899 under the agreement between Perak and Reman, it signifies the historical border between the two states. The pillars still standing today despite

270-659: A member of the Patani aristocracy, ascended to the throne in 1810. The state's territory straddles the present-day Malaysia–Thailand border , covering Amphoe Raman in Yala province in Thailand , as well as Hulu Perak District and parts of Jeli and Upper Kelantan regions in Malaysia . The name of the state may be derived from a Patani Malay word rama' , cognate to standard Malay ramai , meaning "a large assembly". It

324-735: A noble from Betong, Siam . Wan Husain, as the Siamese plenipotentiary, announced the transfer of sovereignty from Siam to the United Kingdom. It was followed by a flag raising ceremony, symbolising the end of Siamese rule and beginning of Perak's sovereignty in the Lower Reman area. Reman was ruled by Tuan Tok Nik Tok Leh – the founding father of Reman – and his descendants. Batang kenanga di tepi telaga, Buat galah perahu Che Nyonya, Seperti bunga di lengkar naga, Carilah akal menyuntingnya. Branches of Cananga, along

378-451: A renowned Reman fighter. Hostilities between Reman and Perak formally come to an end in 1882 when both parties sought to formalise the border. Under British mediation, both states agreed that the new border would be located along Bukit Nasha (5.3571123,101.0294051), some 11 kilometres (6.8 miles) southwest of Gerik town. Bukit Nasha , alternately Bukit Nak Sah ( Nasha Hill ) is an abbreviation of Nak disahkan satu perjanjian (for

432-605: A result from the emigration from the Patani lowlands during the Reman period. There are several monuments to the Reman Kingdom. These include the Istana Singgah (The Visiting Palace), the palatial residence of the royal family in Lower Reman. It is credited as one of the best example of the traditional architecture in the kingdom. Located in Kampung Selarong , it was built in the late 19th century as

486-509: A secondary palace away from the administrative centre of the kingdom in Kota Baru (in present-day Yala ). The manor was once a fortress of Tuan Lebeh before he was being arrested by the Siamese authorities due to a suspected uprising plot for Patani independence. The final resting place of Permaisuri Cik Neng, the Queen of Reman is also located nearby the palatial grounds, her death in 1915

540-482: A set of stress rules that is quite different to that of Standard Malay. Generally, in Kelantan-Pattani Malay, the primary stress falls on the last syllable if the word starts with a single consonant. However, in words with more than one syllable, syllables with a schwa /ə/ are unstressed. Syllables that do not have the schwa and are not in the word-final position take the secondary stress. If

594-503: A word has an initial syllable with a geminated consonant, that syllable automatically takes the primary stress. Kingdom of Reman The Kingdom of Reman or Kingdom of Rahman ( Malay : Kerajaan Reman ; Jawi : كراجأن رمان; Thai : รามัน ; RTGS :  Raman ) was a landlocked semi-independent Malay kingdom in the northern Malay Peninsula . It was one of seven regions of Patani Kingdom , an autonomous tributary state of Siam , between 1810 and 1902. Tuan Mansor,

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648-790: Is also known as the Kedah Hulu dialect (in Kedah) and the Perak Hulu dialect (in Perak). However, these terms only apply to political and geographical factors rather than linguistic ones. This Reman variant has many dialects and subdialects across the areas where this variant is spoken. Kelantanese Malay is written both in Latin and in the Jawi alphabet , a writing system based on the Arabic script . This

702-523: Is different enough from Standand Malay that it is often unintelligible to speakers of the standard language. Differences include some differences in vocabulary, and different sound correspondences. The influence of Southern Thai and the Kelantan-Pattani Malay in Pattani upon each other is great, and both have large numbers of loanwords from the other. The influence of the Thai language makes comprehension between

756-656: Is highly divergent from other Malay varieties because of its geographical isolation from the rest of the Malay world by high mountains, deep rainforests and the Gulf of Thailand . It is also influenced by Thai in Thailand. Kelantanese-Pattani Malay is distinct enough that radio broadcasts in Standard Malay cannot be understood easily by native speakers of Kelantan-Pattani Malay, such as those in Thailand, who are not taught

810-405: Is in stark contrast to the rest of the general population of Malay speakers in both Malaysia and Indonesia that now mainly use the Latin script, known in Malay as rumi ( رومي ), for daily communication. Today, Pattani Malay is generally not a written language , though it is sometimes written in informal settings. An old-fashioned form of standard Malay is used when writing is needed rather than

864-526: Is likely named after a growing settlement founded in the area around the late 18th century. The earliest English-language reference of the state was made in 1818, between an agreement by the Governor of Prince of Wales' Island (Penang) , John Bannerman to Tuan Long Mansur, the king of Reman in Kroh ; another reference was written in 1824 by John Anderson , a Scottish diplomatic agent who stated Reman as one of

918-595: Is often called bahasa Patani in Pattani. Kelantanese is known in Standard Malay as bahasa Kelantan , and in Kelantanese as baso Kelate . It is also known as baso Besut or Kecek Kelate-Besut in Besut and Setiu of Terengganu State. One variant of Kelantan-Pattani Malay is the Reman variant, also known as bahasa Reman (according to the speakers of this area; the areas where this variant

972-849: Is spoken in the Malaysian state of Kelantan , as well as in Besut and Setiu districts of Terengganu and the Perhentian Islands . It is also spoken in the Merapoh township, in the Lipis district of Pahang since this town borders the state of Kelantan. Many people in the districts of Baling , Sik and Padang Terap in Kedah as well as the Hulu Perak district of Perak speak Kelantan-Patani language of Reman dialects, since most of

1026-473: The Anglo-Siamese Treaty of 1909 that split the peninsula between Siamese and British jurisdictions. One of the prospective areas for British expansion included the Reman district, which had been absorbed into Yala province in 1906. The area was known to be rich in gold ore , as well as holding one of the largest tin reserves in the peninsula. During the discussion between the Siamese and

1080-735: The British aimed to expand their territories in the far east . By the dawn of the 20th century, they had already acquired a collection of polities consisting of crown colonies and protectorates in the central and southern parts of the Malay Peninsula . Between 1786 and 1895 the British incorporated the areas into the Straits Settlements and the Federated Malay States respectively. In 1909, alarmed by

1134-708: The Perakian and Kedahan Malay dialects. It constitute as a dialect continuum between the East and the West Coast Malay language. In Perak, the variant is also known locally as Longat Pattani Batu Kurau. Various namesake of areas in Hulu Perak were derived from the Patani settlers in Reman, this includes Kroh (murky), a town that derives its name from the muddy reservoir built by the Reman settlers to clean

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1188-453: The domesticated elephants owned by the king. The area was renamed as Pengkalan Hulu in 1985. While Gerik , a major settlement established in Reman during the rule of Tuan Jagong owes its name from "Gerit", an onomatopoeia for the sounds made by the Bamboo rat , a native rodent that can be found in abundance in area. Reman heritage can be seen in local literature and folklore . Among

1242-410: The standard variety of the language . Unlike Malaysia, where Standard Malay is compulsory in the school curriculum, no one is required to learn Standard Malay in Thailand and so there is potentially less language influence from Standard Malay but potentially more from Thai . It is also distinct from Kedah Malay , Pahang Malay and Terengganu Malay , but those languages are much more closely related to

1296-434: The 14th century, the area became vassals to Ayutthaya , but the region was autonomous and never fully incorporated into modern Thai nation-state until 1902. This political autonomy and isolation from the rest of the Malay world allowed for the preservation of the Malay language and culture but also led to the divergence of the dialect. Kelantan-Pattani Malay can be divided into three major variants and several dialects (and

1350-583: The British, the British agreed to abandon its claims on Satun in exchange for the Langkawi archipelago and the Lower Reman region. The UK was also required to provide a loan to finance the construction of the south line of Siamese State Railway which cost £4 million pounds (1909). The 1909 treaty split the territory of the old kingdom into two jurisdictions. Reman Hulu in the north, remained within Siam, as an amphoe of Yala province , while Reman Hilir in

1404-766: The Kelantanese-Pattani Malay language than Standard Malay. The language is often referred to in Thai as phasa Yawi ( Thai : ภาษายาวี ; IPA: [pʰāːsǎː jāːwīː] ), which is a corruption of the Malay name for the modified Arabic alphabet for writing Malay, Jawi ( Jawi : جاوي ‎; IPA [ɟaˈwi] ). It is also referred to in Thai as phasa Malayu Pattani ( Thai : ภาษามลายูปัตตานี ; IPA: [pʰāːsǎː mālāːjūː pàttāːnīː] ) and similarly locally in Malay as bahasa Melayu Patani ( Jawi : بهاس ملايو ڤطاني ‎ , Rumi : bahasa Melayu Patani , local pronunciation: [baˈsɔ ˈnːaju ˈtːaniŋ] ). The language

1458-677: The Lang-kawi Islands and that portion of Raman which comprise the watershed of the Perak River. Both these would constitute more velueable posessions to us than Setul. The Lang-kawi Islands furnish magnificent anchourages and such have been coveted by various foreign powers, whilst the lower part of Reman is rich in Tin" — Ralph Paget , British Minister to Thailand , in his letter to Edward Grey , Secretaries of State for Foreign Affairs (29 April 1907) Ignited by colonial ambitions,

1512-679: The Malay leaders who were suspected of involvement. Among the political elite arrested by the Siamese forces were Tuan Lebeh Long Raya, the Raja Muda (crown prince) of Reman; Abdul Kadir Kamaruddin Syah, the Sultan of Patani and Tengku Abdul Mutallib, the King of Teluban. Tuan Lebeh was then charged in the Siamese court in Singgora . The trial found the Raja Muda of Reman to be guilty of treason and

1566-401: The Malay people there are the descendants of Kelantanese migrants and Pattani refugees (in which whereby these regions were once parts of the Reman Kingdom of Pattani). Pattani Malay is the main language of the Thai provinces Narathiwat , Yala and Pattani where ethnic Malays make up the majority of the population, it is also spoken in parts of Songkhla and Bangkok . It is less spoken in

1620-772: The Pattani variety of Kelatan-Pattani Malay and Standard Malay a bit more difficult than comprehension between the Kelantanese variety of Kelantan-Pattani Malay and Standard Malay. (SM ≙ KPM) (SM) (KPM) (SM ≙ KPM) (SM) (KPM) final /r/ and /n/ after non-a vowel mid /d͡ʒ/ Note(s): Speakers in the Pattani region are also noted to use loans directly from Thai such as tahang "army" from ทหาร RTGS :  tá-hǎan , torosak "telephone" from โทรศัพท์ RTGS :  toorá-sàp and besek "receipt" from ใบเสร็จ RTGS :  bai-set . Gemination occurs for various purposes and in various forms in Kelatan-Pattani Malay. At

1674-487: The Reman state. In 1826, Sultan Abdullah Muazzam Shah of Perak sought the assistance of the British East India Company to regain control of the resource-rich territory. Perakian forces were deployed to the plateau for their campaign into Reman. The King of Reman Tuan Mansor, withdrew his forces from Kubu Kapeh to Klian Intan and later to Kuala Kepayang. It took several years for Reman to reconquer

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1728-490: The area. The kingdom's strategic location between the east and west coast of the peninsula fueled its growth throughout the 19th century. The border conflict with Perak was followed by a period of relative stability and unprecedented prosperity due to the restoration of mining activities in the region, under the auspices of Toh Nang Patani, a local noble. Though sporadic border skirmishes with Perak continued, they were usually won by Reman militia , commanded by Mengkong Deleha,

1782-401: The beginning of Siamese moves to strip whatever was left of local autonomy in Patani. In 1906 Patani was once again reorganised into a monthon or division ( Thai : มณฑลปัตตานี ; RTGS :  Monthon Pattani ) and administered by a Siamese governor. The newly created division was then divided into three provinces – Pattani, Yala and Narathiwat, each headed by a high commissioner. Under

1836-609: The growing ties between the German colonial powers and the Siamese, especially in the peninsula , the British sought to enter an agreement with the Siamese. The acquisition of the northern states was deemed essential for the British, as it was strategically located by the mouth of the Strait of Malacca and rich with tin , an important commodity for the Industrial Revolution and trade by the late 19th century. This led to

1890-464: The late 18th century, he and his followers settled in the Kroh Plateau , an area that was receiving a mass exodus of people fleeing from the civil unrest in the Patani plains further north since the Siamese reconquest in 1785. By 1808, Tuan Tok Nik, desiring for more political autonomy for the area, began his campaign for independence from Patani suzerainty. The campaign rapidly spiraled into

1944-407: The local dialect. A phonetic rendering of Pattani Malay in the Thai alphabet has been introduced, but it has not been met with much success due to the socio-religious significance of Jawi to Muslim Malays. Southern Thailand has continued to be a region affected by two cultural spheres: the mainly Buddhist, Thai-speaking Siamese kingdoms and the mainly Muslim, Malay-speaking sultanates. The region

1998-472: The new system, Reman was absorbed into Yala province as Amphoe Yala . "..Setul would not be of no great values to us, and although we might do doubt put forward a very good claim to its part of Kedah and secure it by insistence, I am inclined to think it would be more Politics to turn our claim to account by agreeing to renounce Setul if the Siamese Government will in its stead hand over to us

2052-413: The phonemic level, these geminations are transcribed as /CC/ but they are pronounced as [Cː] so /dd/ is pronounced as [dː] . These geminations are derived by deleting the initial syllable and replacing it with a geminated form of the initial consonant of the remaining word. These geminates are derived by deleting the initial morpheme of a reduplicated word and replacing it with a geminated form of

2106-519: The prominent literature composed during the Reman period was a pantun created by Tuan Tok Nik Tok Leh for Raja Andak, the wife of Dato’ Seri Lela, the commander of the Perakian troops during the Perak-Reman war of 1826. The pantun narrated the forbidden love between the two parties from the two rival sides of the war. Another prominent figure of Reman oral literature includes Mengkong Dehela,

2160-737: The province of Satun , where despite making up the majority, ethnic Malays generally speak Southern Thai and their Malay dialect is similar to Kedah Malay . It is also spoken in scattered villages as far north as Hat Yai . In the past, Malay was the main language as far north as the Isthmus of Kra , the traditional division between Central Thailand and Southern Thailand , based on the preponderance of etymologically Malay place names. There are 21 consonants and 12 vowels in Pattani Malay. The phonemes /r/ and /z/ only appear in some loanwords or proper names. Note(s): Kelantan-Pattani Malay

2214-423: The ratification of a treaty). The border was adjusted in 1899, when the border was shifted north to Kerunai, thus transferring Gerik town to the Federated Malay States , which Perak had become part of four years prior. Several boundary markers were erected, with each pillar standing 1 metre high and 1 metre wide. The rise of nationalist movements in Reman was a result of wider Pan-Patani Malay nationalism in

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2268-409: The region. It was a result of loss of local sovereignty to the Siamese in 1785. Nationalist movements in the area in the late 19th century called for a restoration of a sovereign Patani kingdom, hoping to protect native lands and interests without interference from the Siamese government. In 1902, the Siamese, alarmed by the nationalist movements in the south, began a major military crackdown against

2322-427: The remaining morpheme. Unlike the geminations acquired from initial syllable reduction, these geminates are not free variants of their Standard Malay counterparts. In this situation, a word with a function is deleted and the word afterwards is geminated. This sort of gemination is a free variant of its Standard Malay counterpart. Many loanwords tend to have initial geminated consonants too. Kelantan-Pattani Malay has

2376-501: The seven federated states of Patani. The territory was also referred to as Rahman and Rehman in English, and Raman (รามัน) in Thai. Henry Burney , a British commercial traveller and diplomat for the British East India Company , recorded in 1826 that Reman was one of the fourteen polities that pay tribute to the Siamese through their representatives in the provinces of Nakhon Si Thammarat and Songkhla . The state of Reman

2430-407: The south, Reman was the largest state in the confederation. A territorial dispute between Reman and Perak led to conflict between the two states, primarily around what is today the towns of Klian Intan and Pengkalan Hulu in the Hulu Perak region. Previously a border outpost between Perak and Patani in the 18th century, the mineral-rich area was captured in 1790, becoming an integral part of

2484-755: The south, which included Kroh , was ceded to Perak in the Federated Malay States , as part of the Hulu Perak region. A cession ceremony was held on 16 July 1909 in Kroh. The ceremony was attended by: Wan Muhammad Isa, Orang Kaya Menteri; Wan Muhammad Salleh, Orang Kaya-Kaya Seri Adika Raja; E.W. Birch , the British Resident of Perak ; A.S. Jelf, MCS, Assistant Secretary to British Resident of Perak; H. Berkeley, District Magistrate ; G. Simpson, Police Inspector of Kuala Kangsar ; J.D. Kemp, Manager of Rahman Hydrolic Tin Limited, Klian Intan and Keluong Wan Husain,

2538-462: The title Yawi . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yawi&oldid=933258686 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Yawi language Kelantan-Pattani Malay

2592-429: The well, Acted as an oar for Miss Nyonya, Akin to a blossom, curled by a dragon, Seek a way to win your desire. A pantun from Raja Andak to Tuan Tok Nik, 1826. The Kingdom of Reman left a mark in Yala province and Hulu Perak District which had once form an integral domain of the kingdom. The areas are marked by a Patani-Reman influence, bound together with a common culture, language and heritage as

2646-411: Was a warehouse of trade where merchants from Europe, India, Arabia, China, Siam, and other parts of the Malay world met. At first dominated by Hindu-Buddhist Indian influences, the great kingdom of Srivijaya would later fall into chaos. Islam was introduced by Arab and Indian traders in the 11th century and has been the dominant religion ever since, replacing Buddhism and Hinduism that had held sway. By

2700-416: Was founded on territory carved out from the neighbouring principalities of Pujut , Jalor and Legeh , all part of the Patani Kingdom, in the early 19th century. It emerged as a single polity under Tuan Tok Nik Tok Leh in 1810. Tuan Tok Nik, also known as Tuan Mansor, a Patani nobleman, was appointed to manage the mining operations in the area during the reign of Sultan Muhammad Raja Bakar of Patani. In

2754-412: Was granted a high degree of autonomy and administrative powers were devolved to the Malay kings. A portion of local revenue was paid to the Siamese as tribute. Loyalty to the crown was observed and any rebellion against the Siamese was not tolerated. Tuan Tok Nik was affirmed as the ruler of Reman. Spanning an area between the upper reach of Sungai Pattani to Sungai Mas in the north and Lenggong in

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2808-500: Was offered two sentence options: a 25 years imprisonment in Singgora or 20 years in Bangkok . Tuan Lebeh opted for the second sentence. He was then transferred to Bangkok via a Siamese vessel, Chamroen ( Thai : จำเริญ ). The ship sank during the voyage to Bangkok and the prince was believed have died in the disaster. The king was devastated by the news and died a few weeks later, without an heir apparent . The same year also marked

2862-512: Was spoken were under the Reman state of the Kingdom of Pattani that was abolished in 1902 in which the areas were Batu Kurau, inland Perak (Gerik, Pengkalan Hulu, Lenggong) and inland Kedah (Sik, Baling, Padang Terap)). The Reman viarants are known as various names such as bahasa Patani , bahasa Patani Kedah-Perak , basa Grik , Cakak Hulu , basa Kapong , basa Baling etc. It

2916-418: Was widely believed due to her devastation after the demise of the crown prince. The residence is currently privately owned by the descendants of the Reman royal family. The waves of migration from the plains of Patani also bought a strong Patani based linguistic heritage . The Reman dialect is largely based on Patani Malay , nonetheless it has incorporated various peculiar features that denotes influence from

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