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53-530: Yamaguchi City is located almost in the center of Yamaguchi Prefecture. The city area, which is the largest in the prefecture, is long from north to south, facing the Seto Inland Sea (Yamaguchi Bay) at the south end, and bordering Shimane Prefecture at the north end. The Fushino River runs through the center of the Yamaguchi Basin from north to south, and urban areas are formed on both sides of

106-790: A center of culture. Later in the Muromachi period, Christian missionaries from Spain and Portugal were welcomed, and the area became an early center for the Kirishitan faith. The Ōuchi were eventually overthrown by their vassals, the Mōri clan , who ruled the area as part of Chōshū Domain during the Edo Period . Following the Meiji Restoration , the town of Yamaguchi was established within Yoshiki District, Yamaguchi with

159-740: A cruise on the Setuchi. The eastern end of the Sea is now famous for the Setouchi Triennale set up in 2010 with the next event happening in 2022. Some of this takes place on the island of Naoshima , known colloquially as the art island, and the home of several permanent museums. At the far eastern extremity, as the Sea meets the Pacific Ocean, are the Naruto whirlpools that can be reached by sight-seeing boats. The Shiwaku Islands are

212-476: A defined group numbering 28 that can be reached by ferry boat from Marugame . Here Richard Henry Brunton built one of his lighthouses that can still be seen, and the grave of Frank Toovey Lake , a young midshipman in his survey party has become famous. In the central area of Seto Inland Sea is Mount Ishizuchi on Shikoku . It is the highest mountain in western Japan and the highest mountain in Shikoku . In

265-629: A local seaport on the Seto Inland Sea, and some of them were actually built. The Ministry of Railroads, later the Japanese National Railways and then Shikoku Railway Company , ran some train ferry lines between Honshū and Shikoku including the line between Uno Station (Tamano) and Takamatsu Station (Takamatsu). When the Great Seto Bridge was finished and began to serve the two coastal areas, that ferry line

318-521: A main transport line between its coastal areas, including what is today the Kansai region and Kyushu . It was also a main transport line between Japan and other countries, including Korea and China. Even after the creation of major highways such as the Nankaidō and San'yōdō , the Seto Inland Sea remained a major transport route. There are records that some foreign emissaries from China and Korea sailed on

371-568: A number of smaller ones that pass between islands or connect the Seto Inland Sea to other seas or the Pacific . Almost 3,000 islands are located in the Seto Inland Sea. The largest island is Awaji-shima , and the second largest is Shōdo-shima . Many of the smaller islands are uninhabited. Over 500 marine species are known to live in the Seto Inland Sea. Examples are the ayu , an amphidromous fish, horseshoe crab , finless porpoise , and great white shark , which has occasionally attacked people in

424-506: A part of Hiroshima Prefecture ) clans were two of the more famous suigun lords. In the 12th century, Taira no Kiyomori planned to move the capital from Kyoto to the coastal village of Fukuhara (today Kobe ) to promote trade between Japan and the Song dynasty of China. This transfer was unsuccessful, and soon after Kyoto became the capital again. Later, the Battle of Yashima took place off

477-634: A part of Kobe ) and Akashi for two years. In medieval literature, because of the Genpei War , the Seto Inland Sea is one of the important backgrounds of The Tale of the Heike , particularly in its latter part. In the Western world, Donald Richie wrote a literary nonfiction travelogue called The Inland Sea relating a journey along the sea, beginning from the East at Himeji and ending at Miyajima in

530-533: A part of Wakayama Prefecture , was appointed the Setonaikai National Park ( 瀬戸内海国立公園 , Setonaikai Kokuritsu kōen ) on March 16, 1934, as one of three oldest national parks in Japan. Itsukushima Shrine , on the island of Itsukushima in the city of Hatsukaichi , is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the most famous Japanese sites outside Tokyo and Kyoto . Shōdoshima , nicknamed

583-624: Is 105 m (344 ft). Hydrologically, Seto Inland Sea is not a true inland sea , being neither an epeiric body of water like Hudson Bay nor an isolated endorheic basin like the Caspian Sea . Rather, it is actually a marginal sea : a division of a wider ocean (in this case the Pacific) which is partially enclosed by islands, archipelagos, or peninsulas (here, the Japanese Home Islands), adjacent to or widely open to

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636-684: Is a constituent city of the Kanmon metropolitan area, and the third largest gross city product in the prefecture after Shūnan and Shimonoseki, the city has a very small industrial base. Yamaguchi has 32 public elementary schools, 17 public junior high schools operated by the city government, and six public high schools operated by the Yamaguchi Prefectural Board of Education. There is also one national elementary school, one national junior high school and three private high schools. The prefecture operates one special education school for

689-676: Is highly automated, and during peak hours trains run as often as every two minutes. JR-West's Urban Network competes with a number of private commuter rail operators around Osaka, the "Big 4" being Hankyu Railway / Hanshin Railway (Hankyu bought Hanshin in April 2005), Keihan Railway , Kintetsu , and Nankai Railway . JR-West's market share in the region is roughly equal to that of the Big 4 put together, largely due to its comprehensive network and high-speed commuter trains (Special Rapid Service trains on

742-498: Is known for its moderate climate, with a stable year-round temperature and relatively low rainfall levels. The sea is famous for its periodic red tides ( 赤潮 , akashio ) caused by dense groupings of certain phytoplankton that result in the death of large numbers of fish. Since the 1980s, the sea's northern and southern shores have been connected by the three routes of the Honshū–Shikoku Bridge Project , including

795-842: Is one of the Japan Railways Group (JR Group) companies and operates in western Honshu . It has its headquarters in Kita-ku, Osaka . It is listed in the Tokyo Stock Exchange , is a constituent of the TOPIX Large70 index, and is also one of only three Japan Railways Group constituents of the Nikkei 225 index: the others are JR East and JR Central . It was also listed in the Nagoya and Fukuoka stock exchanges until late 2020. JR-West's highest-grossing line

848-793: Is the Sanyo Shinkansen high-speed rail line between Osaka and Fukuoka . The Sanyo Shinkansen alone accounts for about 40% of JR-West's passenger revenues. The company also operates Hakata Minami Line , a short commuter line with Shinkansen trains in Fukuoka . The "Urban Network" is JR-West's name for its commuter rail lines in the Osaka-Kobe-Kyoto metropolitan area. These lines together comprise 610 km of track, have 245 stations and account for about 43% of JR-West's passenger revenues. Urban Network stations are equipped to handle ICOCA fare cards. Train control on these lines

901-578: The Akashi Kaikyo Bridge (the second-longest suspension bridge in the world) to Awaji Island , from there via the Ōnaruto Bridge to Ōge-jima ( Naruto , Tokushima Prefecture ) beyond the 1.3-kilometer wide Naruto Strait and finally across the Muya Bridge to Shikoku . The Great Seto Bridge connects Okayama Prefecture with Kagawa Prefecture since 1988. It consists of a total of six two-storey bridges, whose lower floors are used by

954-663: The Great Seto Bridge , which serves both railroad and automobile traffic. The International Hydrographic Organization 's definition of the limits of the Seto Inland Sea (published in 1953) is as follows: On the West. The southeastern limit of the Japan Sea [In Shimonoseki-kaikyo . A line running from Nagoya Saki (130°49'E) in Kyûsû through the islands of Uma Sima and Muture Simia (33°58',5N) to Murasaki Hana (34°01'N) in Honsyû ]. On

1007-669: The Inland Sea , is the body of water separating Honshu , Shikoku , and Kyushu , three of the four main islands of Japan . It serves as a waterway connecting the Pacific Ocean to the Sea of Japan . It connects to Osaka Bay and provides a sea transport link to industrial centers in the Kansai region , including Osaka and Kobe . Before the construction of the San'yō Main Line , it was

1060-592: The Sanyō Shinkansen , from the separate Shinkansen Holding Corporation. JR-West purchased the line in October 1991 at a cost of 974.1 billion JPY (about US$ 7.2 billion) in long-term debt. JNRSC sold 68.3% of JR-West in an initial public offering on the Tokyo Stock Exchange in October 1996. After JNRSC was dissolved in October 1998, its shares of JR-West were transferred to the government-owned Japan Railway Construction Public Corporation (JRCC), which merged into

1113-575: The "island of olives", and the Naruto whirlpools are two other well-known tourist sites. Neighboring locations like Kotohira and Okayama are often combined with the tour of the Setouchi region. Some historic sites, including Yashima in Takamatsu and Kurashiki , also attract many visitors. Hiroshima is the neighbor city to Itsukushima Shrine and another UNESCO World Heritage Site because of atomic bomb damage in 1945. Idol Unit STU48 operate on

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1166-767: The East ( Kii Suidô ). A line running from Takura Saki (34°16'N) in Honsyû to Oishi Hana in the island of Awazi , through this island to Sio Saki (34°11'N) and on to Oiso Saki in Sikoku . On the South ( Bungo Suidô ). A line joining Sada Misaki (33°20'N) in Sikoku and Seki Saki in Kyûsyû. The range of the Seto Inland Sea by the Territorial Sea Law ( 領海及び接続水域に関する法律 ) is 19,700 km (7,600 sq mi). The range of

1219-466: The Kobe and Kyoto lines operate at up to 130 km/h). Those in italics are announcement names. A number of other lines account for more than half of JR-West's track mileage. These lines mainly handle business and leisure travel between smaller cities and rural areas in western Japan. They account for about 20% of the company's passenger revenues. JR-West subsidiaries include the following. JR-West

1272-528: The Pacific. Development of land transportation shifted the travel between east and west — that is, between Honshū and Kyūshū — to railroad and road transport. Two coastal railways, San'yō Main Line in Honshū and Yosan Main Line, were built. Those railway lines stimulated the local economy and once invoked a rail mania. Many short railroads were planned to connect a certain station of those two lines and

1325-546: The Seto Inland Sea according to the Setouchi Law and the Setouchi Law Enforcement Order is 21,827 km (8,427 sq mi). The Seto Inland Sea is 450 km (280 mi) long from east to west. The width from south to north varies from 15 to 55 km (10 to 34 mi). In most places, the water is relatively shallow. The average depth is 38 m (125 ft); the greatest depth

1378-445: The Seto Inland Sea as transport line served four coastal areas: Kansai, Chūgoku, Shikoku, and eastern Kyūshū. The Seto Inland Sea provided each of these regions with local transportation and connected each region to the others and far areas, including the coastal area of the Sea of Japan, Korea, and China. After Kobe port was founded in 1868 to serve foreign ships, the Seto Inland Sea became a major international waterway with connection to

1431-415: The Seto Inland Sea is one of the most famous tourist destinations in Japan. Even before Japan opened to foreigners in the middle of the 19th century, the sea's beauty was praised and introduced to the Western world by those who visited Japan, including Philipp Franz von Siebold , and after the country's opening, Ferdinand von Richthofen and Thomas Cook . Its coastal area, except for Osaka Prefecture and

1484-644: The Seto Inland Sea. The importance of water traffic gave rise to private navies in the region. In many documents, these navies were called suigun ( 水軍 , "water army") , or simply pirates. Sometimes they were considered to be public enemies, but in most cases they were granted the right to self-governance as a result of their strength. During the feudal period, suigun seized power in most coastal areas. The Kono in Iyo Province (today Ehime Prefecture ) and Kobayakawa (later Mōri ) in Aki Province (today

1537-466: The Seto Inland Sea. In the past, whales entered the sea to feed or breed, however because of whaling and pollution, they are rarely seen. During the last ice age , the sea level was lower than today. After the ice age, sea water poured into a basin between the Chūgoku mountains and Shikoku mountains and formed the Seto Inland Sea as it is known today. From ancient times, the Seto Inland Sea served as

1590-484: The West, close to Hiroshima, going from island to island, exploring the landscape, meeting and discussing with local people, as well as musing on Japanese culture, the nature of travel and of identity, and his own personal sense of identity. In 1991, filmmakers Lucille Carra and Brian Cotnoir produced a film version of Richie's book, which further explored the region through interviews and images photographed by Hiro Narita. Produced by Travelfilm Company and adapted by Carra,

1643-671: The bottom of this sea known as the Seto Inland Sea Mir. Author and literary critic Amy Chavez's The Widow, the Priest and the Octopus Hunter: Discovering a Lost Way of Life on a Secluded Japanese Island is an account of the author's firsthand experience living among and interacting with the residents of Shiraishi. West Japan Railway Company The West Japan Railway Company , also referred to as JR West ( JR西日本 , Jeiāru Nishi-Nihon ) ,

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1696-510: The city is divided between the Yamaguchi 1st district and the Yamaguchi 3rd district in lower house of the Diet of Japan . Although Yamaguchi City is the prefectural capital, excluding public facilities and public works, the other major industries are commerce and the tourism and distribution industries. Despite having the second largest population in the prefecture after Shimonoseki, which

1749-527: The coast of present-day Takamatsu. In the Edo period , the Seto Inland Sea was one of the busiest transport lines in Japan. It was a part of a navigational route around Japan's islands via the Sea of Japan. Many ships navigated from its coastal areas to the area along the Sea of Japan. Major ports in the Edo period were Osaka, Sakai, Shimotsui, Ushimado , and Tomonoura. The Seto Inland Sea also served many daimyōs in

1802-697: The coast of the Seto Inland Sea include Osaka, Kobe, and Hiroshima. Smaller scale manufacturing and industry can also be found in Kurashiki , Kure , Fukuyama , and Ube in Honshū, and Sakaide , Imabari , and Niihama in Shikoku. Major industries include steel production, vehicle manufacture, ship building, textiles, and since the 1960s, oil refining and chemical products. Imabari Shipbuilding , Japan's largest ship building company, has its headquarters and some of its yards in Imabari, Ehime Prefecture. Thanks to

1855-401: The creation of the modern municipalities system on April 1, 1889. On April 1, 1905 Yamaguchi annexed the village of Kami-unorei, followed by Shimo-unorei on July 1, 1915. On April 10, 1929: The town of Yamaguchi absorbed the village of Yoshiki to create the city of Yamaguchi. Yamaguchi annexed the village of Miyano on April 1, 1941. On April 1, 1944, Yamaguchi annexed towns of Ogōri and Ajisu, and

1908-746: The film won numerous awards, including Best Documentary at the Hawaii International Film Festival (1991) and the Earthwatch Film Award. It screened at the Sundance Film Festival in 1992. Koushun Takami 's novel Battle Royale took place on a fictional island in the Seto Inland Sea. A critical plot element of the Japanese series Fafner in the Azure is an alien life form discovered at

1961-435: The handicapped and there are two private special education schools. [REDACTED] JR West (JR West) - San'yō Shinkansen [REDACTED] JR West (JR West) - San'yō Main Line [REDACTED] JR West (JR West) - Yamaguchi Line [REDACTED] JR West (JR West) - Ube Line Yamaguchi is twinned with: Seto Inland Sea The Seto Inland Sea ( 瀬戸内海 , Seto Naikai ) , sometimes shortened to

2014-682: The importance of the Seto Inland Sea as a transport line. Remarkable land transportation innovations include the San'yō Main Railroad Line in Honshū and the Yosan Main Railroad Line in Shikoku (both completed before World War II ) and three series of bridges connecting Honshū and Shikoku (completed in the late 20th century). The Seto Inland Sea is still used, however, by an international cargo transport line and several local transport lines connecting Honshū with Shikoku and Kyūshū. Major cities with heavy industrial activity on

2067-574: The income of the daimyo , which was in the form of koku , giant bales of rice. The Seto Inland Sea was also part of the official Chosendentsushi route, bringing Korean emissaries to the shogunate. After the Meiji Restoration , the coastal cities along the Seto Inland Sea were rapidly industrialized. One of the headquarters of the Japanese Navy was built in the town of Kure . Since the Meiji period, development of land transport has been reducing

2120-408: The main transportation link between Kansai and Kyūshū. Yamaguchi , Hiroshima , Okayama , Hyōgo , Osaka , Wakayama , Kagawa , Ehime , Tokushima , Fukuoka , and Ōita prefectures have coastlines on the Seto Inland Sea; the cities of Hiroshima , Iwakuni , Takamatsu , and Matsuyama are also located on it. The Setouchi region encompasses the sea and surrounding coastal areas. The region

2173-433: The moderate climate and beautiful landscape, fishing, agriculture, and tourism bring a lot of income to the area as well. Today the Seto Inland Sea serves its coastal areas mainly for two purposes: first, international or domestic cargo transportation, and second, local transportation between coastal areas and islands on the sea. Major ports are Kobe, Okayama, Takamatsu , Tokushima, Matsuyama, and Hiroshima. Historically,

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2226-602: The open ocean at the surface. The Naruto Strait connects the eastern part of the Seto Inland Sea to the Kii Channel , which in turn connects to the Pacific. The western part of the Seto Inland Sea connects to the Sea of Japan through the Kanmon Straits and to the Pacific through the Bungo Channel . Each part of the Seto Inland Sea has a separate name in Japanese. For example, Iyo-nada ( 伊予灘 ) refers to

2279-831: The railway ( Japan Railways Group ). The high speed Shinkansen does not go to or on Shikoku. This is the first of three intersections of the Seto Inland Sea. Construction started in 1975, but was fully completed in 1999. It connects the Nishiseto- Onomichi Highway in Hiroshima Prefecture with a total of ten bridges and several smaller islands with Imabari in Ehime Prefecture . Approximately 100,000 people live on those islands. The bridges are: Shin Onomichi Bridge, Innoshima Bridge , Ikuchi Bridge, Tatara Bridge , Ōmishima Bridge,

2332-428: The river. Shimane Prefecture Yamaguchi Prefecture Yamaguchi has a humid subtropical climate ( Köppen climate classification Cfa ) with hot summers and cool winters. Precipitation is significant throughout the year, but is much higher in summer than in winter. Per Japanese census data, the population of Yamaguchi in 2020 is 193,966 people. Yamaguchi has been conducting censuses since 1960. The area of Yamaguchi

2385-421: The strait between Ehime, Yamaguchi, and Ōita prefectures in the western portion of the sea; Aki-nada ( 安芸灘 ) is the open expanse west of the Geiyo Islands , near Hiroshima prefecture; and Suō-nada ( 周防灘 ) refers to the expanse between Yamaguchi prefecture and Suō-Ōshima . These areas are sometimes styled Iyonada, Akinada, and Suonada. There are also many straits located between the major islands, as well as

2438-442: The towns of Aio , Ajisu and Ogōri (all from Yoshiki District);. Yoshiki District was dissolved as a result of this merger. On January 16, 2010 Yamaguchi absorbed the town of Atō (from Abu District ). Yamaguchi has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral city council of 35 members. Yamaguchi contributes six members to the Yamaguchi Prefectural Assembly. In terms of national politics,

2491-549: The two Ōshima bridges and the three Kurushima Kaikyo bridges. The Kurushima Kaikyō Bridge connects the island of Ōshima to the main island of Shikoku . The Akinada Tobishima Kaido route connects seven of the western Geiyo Islands to mainland Honshu near Kure, Hiroshima . Seto Naikai Pilots Area provides compulsory maritime piloting for vessels over 10,000 tones, it was divided into sections of Bisanseto and sections of Kurushima , connecting Kanmon Channel Piloting Area and Osaka Bay Piloting Area. The coastal area of

2544-417: The villages of Hirakawa, Ōtoshi, Sue, Natajima, Aiofutajima, Kagawa and Sayama (all from Yoshiki District.) The town of Ajisu separated from Yamaguchi on November 23, 1947, followed by the town of Ogōri on November 1, 1949. Yamaguchi annexed the town of Ōuchi on May 1, 1963 and the village of Suzenji on November 3, 1963. On October 1, 2005 Yamaguchi merged with town of Tokuji (from Saba District ), and

2597-408: The western area of Japan as their route to and from Edo , to fulfill their obligations under sankin-kōtai . Many used ships from Osaka. Thanks to transport through the Seto Inland Sea, Osaka became the economic center of Japan. Each han had an office called Ozakayashiki in Osaka. These Ozakayashiki were among Japan's earliest forms of banks, facilitating domestic trade and helping to organize

2650-569: The western end of the Sea is Mimosusogawa Park ( ja:みもすそ川公園 ) in Shimonoseki . It commemorates the final stage of the Genpei war between the feudal Taira clan and Minamoto clan (1180–1185). Some sites along the Seto Inland Sea were featured in eighth-century Japanese literature, both in prose and in verse, including Kojiki , Nihon Shoki , and Man'yōshū . Since some sites were used as places of exile, their feeling and landscape were evoked in waka . In fiction, in The Tale of Genji , Genji fled from Kyoto and resided in Suma (now

2703-467: Was abolished. The main islands Honshū and Shikoku are connected by three series of bridges since the late 1980s. This improves land transportation between the connected islands. These series of bridges, collectively known as the Honshū–Shikoku Bridge Project , are, from east to west, Akashi Kaikyo Bridge , Great Seto Bridge , and Nishiseto Expressway . The easternmost highway was built between 1976 and 1998. It leads from Akashi ( Hyōgo Prefecture ) on

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2756-450: Was incorporated as a business corporation ( kabushiki kaisha ) on April 1, 1987, as part of the breakup of the state-owned Japanese National Railways (JNR). Initially, it was a wholly owned subsidiary of the JNR Settlement Corporation (JNRSC), a special company created to hold the assets of the former JNR while they were shuffled among the new JR companies. For the first four years of its existence, JR-West leased its highest-revenue line,

2809-440: Was part of the ancient Suō Province . During the Muromachi period it was ruled by the Ōuchi clan , who at their height ruled over six provinces in the Chugoku region of western Japan. The Ōuchi clan claimed descent from the royal house of Baekje and grew wealthy due to extensive trade with Korea and Ming Dynasty China. After the Onin War , they welcomed intellectuals who escaped from Kyoto , such that Yamaguchi prospered as

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