69-482: The Yangon City Heritage List is a list of man-made landmarks in Yangon , Myanmar , so designated by the city government, Yangon City Development Committee . The list consists of 188 structures (as of 2001), and is largely made up of mostly religious structures and British colonial-era buildings. The list is presented by the township in which the structures are located. In 2010,
138-481: A coup de grace by Hindu Forces. The scholarship helped revitalize a more orthodox form of Theravada Buddhism. To be sure, his reforms could not and did not achieve everything overnight. The spread of Theravada Buddhism in Upper Burma was gradual; it took over three centuries. Its monastic system did not achieve widespread village level penetration in more remote areas until as late as the 19th century. Nor did
207-751: A copy of the Theravada Buddhist Canon . (Anawrahta had been converted to Theravada Buddhism from his native Ari Buddhism by Shin Arahan , a monk originally from Thaton.) In reality, it was merely a demand for submission couched in diplomatic language, and the real aim of his conquest of Thaton was to check the Khmer Empire 's conquests in the Chao Phraya basin and encroachment into the Tenasserim coast . The conquest of Thaton
276-583: A familiar or unfamiliar environment. Landmarks are often used in verbal route instructions ("Turn left at the big church and then right over the bridge.") Landmarks are usually classified as either natural landmarks or human-made landmarks, both are originally used to support navigation on finding directions. A variant is a seamark or daymark , a structure usually built intentionally to aid sailors navigating featureless coasts. Natural landmarks can be characteristic features, such as mountains or plateaus . Examples of natural landmarks are Mount Everest in
345-401: A governor. Due to geographical distances, other tributary areas such as Arakan and Shan Hills were allowed to retain hereditary chieftainships. In 1056, a Mon Theravada Buddhist monk named Shin Arahan made a fateful visit to Pagan, and converted its king Anawrahta to Theravada Buddhism from his native Ari Buddhism . The king had been dissatisfied with the enormous power of Ari monks over
414-606: A landmark character. Anawrahta Road Anawrahta Minsaw ( Burmese : အနော်ရထာ မင်းစော , pronounced [ʔənɔ̀jətʰà mɪ́ɰ̃ sɔ́] ; 11 May 1014 – 11 April 1077) was the founder of the Pagan Empire . Considered the father of the Burmese nation, Anawrahta turned a small principality in the dry zone of Upper Burma into the first Burmese Empire that formed the basis of modern-day Burma (Myanmar). Historically verifiable Burmese history begins with his accession to
483-556: A landmark to help sailors to navigate around the southern tip of Africa during the Age of Exploration . Artificial structures are also sometimes built to assist sailors in navigation. The Lighthouse of Alexandria and the Colossus of Rhodes are ancient structures built to lead ships to the port. In modern usage, a landmark includes anything that is easily recognizable, such as a monument , building, or other structure. In American English it
552-546: A monk, refused. On 16 December 1044, Min Saw ascended the throne with the title of Anawrahta, a Burmanized form of Sanskrit name Aniruddha (अनिरुद्ध). His full royal style was Maha Yaza Thiri Aniruddha Dewa ( မဟာ ရာဇာ သီရိ အနိရုဒ္ဓ ဒေဝ ; Sanskrit : Mahā Rājā Śrī Aniruddha Devá ). Burmese history now begins to be less conjectural. In the beginning, Anawrahta's principality was a small area—barely 200 miles north to south and about 80 miles from east to west, comprising roughly
621-479: A new nation. He never accepted the cult of the god-king, and he was impatient even with gods that his people worshipped; men came to say that he beat up gods with the flat of his lance. He achieved his aims but only at the price of his own popularity. His subjects admired and feared him, but did not love him. His execution of two young heroes for a trifling breach of discipline after the conclusion of his Nanzhao campaign angered people, and to appease them he declared that
690-527: A population even as large as the modest population of the late precolonial era. At any rate, during the 11th century, Pagan established its Lower Burma and this conquest facilitated growing cultural exchange, if not with local Mons, then with India and with Theravada stronghold Ceylon (Sri Lanka). Anawrahta's next conquest was north Arakan (Rakhine). He marched over the pass from Ngape near Minbu to An in Kyaukphyu , and then laid siege to Pyinsa , then
759-506: A raid to prevent Arakanese raids into Burma, and some historians (Lieberman, Charney) do not believe he (or any other Pagan kings) had any "effective authority" over Arakan. If Pagan never established an administrative system to govern Arakan, it continued to foster a vassal relationship for the remainder of Pagan dynasty, occasionally placing its nominees to the Arakanese throne. Moreover, the Burmese language and script came to dominate
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#1732773062188828-538: A series of key social, religious and economic reforms that would have a lasting impact in Burmese history. His social and religious reforms later developed into the modern-day Burmese culture . By building a series of weirs, he turned parched, arid regions around Pagan into the main rice granaries of Upper Burma, giving Upper Burma an enduring economic base from which to dominate the Irrawaddy valley and its periphery in
897-433: Is a recognizable natural or artificial feature used for navigation , a feature that stands out from its near environment and is often visible from long distances. In modern day use, the term can also be applied to smaller structures or features, that have become local or national symbols . In old English the word landmearc (from land + mearc (mark)) was used to describe a boundary marker , an "object set up to mark
966-478: Is considered one of the greatest, if not the greatest, king of Burmese history for he founded first "charter polity" of what would later become modern Burma. Not only did he greatly expand the Pagan Kingdom but he also implemented a series of political and administrative reforms that enabled his empire to dominate the Irrawaddy valley and its periphery for another 250 years. Anawrahta's legacy went far beyond
1035-457: Is permissible as evidence, since 984 CE. Anawrahta was an energetic king who implemented many profound enduring political, socioeconomic and cultural changes. He was admired and feared but not loved by his subjects. Historian Htin Aung writes: Anawrahta was ruthless and stern not to any particular ethnic group but to all his subjects, for he felt that harsh measures were needed in building up
1104-451: Is seen as the turning point in Burmese history. Still according to traditional reconstruction, Anawrahta brought back over 30,000 people, many of them artisans and craftsmen to Pagan. These captives formed a community that later helped build thousands of monuments at Pagan, the remains of which today rival the splendors of Angkor Wat . More recent research by historian Michael Aung-Thwin has argued forcefully that Thaton's contributions to
1173-502: Is still shrouded in legend, and should be treated as such. Anawrahta was born Min Saw ( မင်းစော , IPA: [mɪ́ɰ̃ sɔ́] ) to King Kunhsaw Kyaunghpyu and Queen Myauk Pyinthe on 11 May 1044. The Burmese chronicles do not agree on the dates regarding his life and reign. The table below lists the dates given by the four main chronicles. Among the chronicles, scholarship usually accepts Zata's dates, which are considered to be
1242-565: Is the main term used to designate places that might be of interest to tourists, due to notable physical features or historical significance. Landmarks in the British English sense are often used for casual navigation , such as giving directions. This is done in American English as well. In urban studies as well as in geography , a landmark is furthermore defined as an external point of reference that helps orientation in
1311-1444: The Eiffel Tower in Paris , Saint Basil's Cathedral in Moscow , the Lotte World Tower in Seoul , the Colosseum in Rome , Big Ben in London , the Tsūtenkaku in Osaka , the Forbidden City in Beijing , the Great Pyramid in Giza , Christ the Redeemer in Rio de Janeiro , Statue of Unity in Narmada , Bratislava Castle in Bratislava , Helsinki Cathedral in Helsinki ,
1380-650: The Four Great Paladins in Burmese history—were: Also at his service were Byatta ( ဗျတ္တ ), a Muslim (likely an Arab seaman) shipwrecked at Thaton , and his sons Shwe Hpyin Gyi and Shwe Hpyin Nge , (who later entered the pantheon of Burmese folk deities as Shwe Hpyin Brothers ရွှေဖျဉ်းညီနောင် ). By the mid-1050s, Anawrahta's reforms had turned Pagan into a regional power, and he looked to expand. Over
1449-861: The Himalayas , Table Mountain in South Africa, Mount Ararat in Turkey, Uluru in Australia, Mount Fuji in Japan and the Grand Canyon in the United States. Trees might also serve as local landmarks, such as jubilee oaks or conifers . Some landmark trees may be named, such as Queen's Oak , Hanging Oak and Centennial Tree . Bases of fallen trees, known in this context as rootstocks , are used as navigational aids on high-resolution maps and in
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#17327730621881518-2786: The Ministry of Culture further announced that 16 ancient pagodas in Yangon Division are recognized as cultural heritage sites, effective 10 February 2010. The Shwedagon Pagoda is recognized as both an Ancient Monument Zone and Protected and Preserved Zone. The other 15 are listed as Ancient Monument Zone. Ahlon [ edit ] [REDACTED] BEHS 4 Ahlon Structure Type Address Notes BEHS 4 Ahlon School 57 Lower Kyimyindaing Road Former Cushing High School Bahan [ edit ] Structure Type Address Notes Bogyoke Aung San Museum Museum 25 Bogyoke Museum Lane Chaukhtatgyi Pagoda Pagoda Shwegondaing Lane Guanyin San Buddhist Sasana Center Chinese Temple 136 West Shwegondaing Lane Guanyin Si Chinese Buddhist Monastery Chinese Buddhist Monastery 58 Arzarni Lane Hou San Si Chinese Temple Chinese Temple 160 Kaba Aye Pagoda Road Mayor's Residence (Old) Hotel 21 Pearl Lane Now, Mya Yeik Nyo Hotel Mayor's Guest House (Old) Hotel 22 Pearl Lane Now, Mya Yeik Nyo Hotel Ministry of Culture Building Office 131 Kaba Aye Pagoda Road Ngadatgyi Pagoda Pagoda Shwegondaing Lane Taingtaya Monastery Compound of Ngadatgyi Monastery Monastery Zhonghuasi Chinese Buddhist Nunnery Chinese Buddhist Convent 69 Old Yedashe Lane Botataung [ edit ] [REDACTED] BEHS 6 Botataung [REDACTED] Botataung Pagoda [REDACTED] Secretariat Building Structure Type Address Notes BEHS 2 Botataung School 152 Bo Myat Tun Road formerly, St. Phillips’ Diocesan School BEHS 4 Botataung School 300 Theinbyu Road formerly, St. Mary's Convent School BEHS 6 Botataung School Anawrahta Road formerly, St. Paul's English High School Botataung Pagoda Pagoda Strand Road Siyin Baptist Church Church 152 Bo Myat Tun Road formerly St Philip's Church (Anglican) Compressor Station 233-239 Maha Bandula Road Ministers' Office Government office 300 Theinbyu Road Where Gen. Aung San
1587-540: The Myitnge river but failed despite all his efforts. The work lasted three years and there were many casualties from fever.) He peopled the newly developed areas with villages, which under royal officers served the canals. The region, known as Ledwin (lit. the rice country) became the granary, the economic key of the north country. History shows that one who gained control of Kyaukse became kingmaker in Upper Burma. Anawrahta organized Pagan's military. His key men—known as
1656-661: The Shwesandaw Pagoda south of Pagan to house the hair relics presented by Pegu. Farther afield, he built other pagodas such as Shweyinhmyaw, Shwegu and Shwezigon near Meiktila. Scholarship believed until recently that Anawrahta commissioned the invention of the Burmese alphabet based on the Mon script , c. 1058, a year after the Thaton conquest. However, recent research finds that the Burmese alphabet had been in use at least since 1035, and if an 18th-century recast inscription
1725-1551: The Space Needle in Seattle , the Sydney Opera House in Sydney , the Brandenburg Gate in Berlin , the Château Frontenac in Quebec (city) , Place Stanislas in Nancy , the CN Tower in Toronto , the Palace of Culture and Science in Warsaw , the Atomium in Brussels , Gateway Arch in St Louis , and the Moai in Easter Island . Church spires and mosque minarets are often very tall and visible from many miles around and thus often serve as built landmarks. Also town hall towers and belfries often have
1794-521: The 13th and 14th centuries possible. Anawrahta is one of the most famous kings in Burmese history. His life stories (legends) are a staple of Burmese folklore and retold in popular literature and theater. Prior to Anawrahta, of all the early Pagan kings, only Nyaung-u Sawrahan 's reign can be verified independently by stone inscriptions. Anawrahta is the first historical king in that the events during his reign can be verified by stone inscriptions. However, Anawrahta's youth, like much of early Pagan history,
1863-11866: The Accountant-General's Office. Kyimyindaing [ edit ] Structure Type Address Notes Ohnbindan Sunni Jamahh Mosque Mosque 1-11 Ohnbin Lane St. Michael's Church Church 153 Upper Kyimyindaing Road Salin Monastery Ordination Hall Monastery Panbingyi Lane Lanmadaw [ edit ] [REDACTED] BEHS 1 Lanmadaw Structure Type Address Notes BEHS 1 Lanmadaw School 120–140 Minye Kyawswa Street Former St. John's High School BEPS 6 Lanmadaw School 183–185 Lanmadaw Road Hashin Casin Patil Trust Mosque Mosque 61–63 Wardan Street Lanmadaw Township Office of Electrical Engineers Office 568 Strand Road Myanmar Baptist Church Union Church 143 Minye Kyawswa Street University of Medicine 1, Yangon Lanmadaw Campus University 245 Lanmadaw Road Formerly Rangoon College , built in 1927. Yangon Central Women's Hospital Hospital Minye Kyawswa Street Former Dufferin Hospital Latha [ edit ] [REDACTED] BEHS 1 Latha [REDACTED] BEHS 2 Latha [REDACTED] Holy Trinity Cathedral [REDACTED] Yangon General Hospital Structure Type Address Notes BEHS 1 Latha School 270 Shwedagon Pagoda Road Former Central High School BEHS 2 Latha School 112 Bogyoke Aung San Road Former St. John's Convent School Buddhist Great Ordination Hall Buddhist Temple 550 Maha Bandula Road Cholia Darga Mosque Mosque 239 29th Street Cholia Jamah Mosque Mosque 114 Bo Sun Pet Street (Corner of Maha Bandula Road) Fu Zin Kan Hou Temple Chinese Buddhist Temple 426-432 Strand Road (Corner of Sinohdan Road ) Guangdong Guanyin Temple Chinese Buddhist Temple 668 Maha Bandula Road (Corner of Latha Road ) Holy Trinity Cathedral Church 446 Bogyoke Aung San Road Jain Temple Jain Temple 76-78 29th Street Jewish Synagogue Synagogue 85 26th Street Liao San Tao Temple Chinese Buddhist Temple 53-55 Anawrahta Road Maha Peinne Hindu Temple Hindu Temple 149 24th Street Mughal Shia Mosque Mosque 91 30th Street Myanma Department Store Office 19-43 Bo Soon Pet Street Myanma Economic Bank Branch 4 Office 625 Merchant Road (Corner of 30th Street) Myanma Oil and Gas Enterprise (MOGE) Headquarters Office 604-608 Merchant Road Myanma Post and Telecommunications Accounts Office Office 465-469 Maha Bandula Road St. John's Catholic Church Church 368 Bo Sun Pet Street Sri Kalima Hindu Temple Hindu Temple 295 Konzedan Road Sri Kamichi Hindu Temple Hindu Temple 375 Bogyoke Aung San Road (Corner of Bo Sun Pet Street) Sri Satanarayan Hindu Temple Hindu Temple 23 29th Street Yangon General Hospital Hospital Bogyoke Aung San Road Mayangon [ edit ] Structure Type Address Notes Aung Shwebontha Dhamma Beikman Monastery Monastery 9 Mile Junction, Pyay Road Kaba Aye Pagoda Pagoda Kaba Aye Pagoda Road Kyaik Kale Pagoda Pagoda Yangon-Pyay Road Kyaik Kalo Pagoda Pagoda Yangon-Pyay Road Kyaik Waing Pagoda Pagoda Kyaik Waing Pagoda Road St. Edward's Roman Catholic Church Church Yangon-Pyay Road St. George's Anglican Church Church Yangon-Pyay Road Tatmadaw Orthopedic Hospital Hospital Yangon-Pyay Road Former military officers training school Mingala Taungnyunt [ edit ] Structure Type Address Notes Bethlehem Lutheran Church Church 181-183 Theinbyu Road Kandawgalay Mosque Mosque 106 Upper Pansodan Road Methodist Association Headquarters Church 20-22 Alanpyapaya Road St. Anthony's Church Church 24 Upper Pansodan Road Sri Hanuman Temple Hindu Temple 21 Kanyeiktha Lane Sri Marian Temple Hindu Temple Corner of Daw Thein Tin Lane and 94th Street Sri Nagarthan Sulamani Hindu Temple Hindu Temple 57 Factory Lane Three-Corner Mosque Mosque 35 Upper Pansodan Road Yangon Central railway station Railway station Kunchan Lane North Okkalapa [ edit ] Structure Type Address Notes Meilamu Pagoda Pagoda Thudhamma Road Pabedan [ edit ] [REDACTED] BEHS 2 Pabedan Structure Type Address Notes BEHS 2 Pabedan School 124–142 Shwebontha Road Bogyoke Aung San Market Market Bogyoke Aung San Road Gulam Arif Masjit Waqf Mosque Mosque 62–64 Lanmadaw Road Former Life Insurance Corporation of India Building Office 654 Merchant Road (corner of Shwebontha Road) Nausaripuri Mosque Mosque 281 Shwebontha Road Former Myanmar Railways Headquarters Office Corner of Bogyoke Aung San Road and Sule Pagoda Road Sri Mugaparumen Hindu Temple Temple 112–122 Shwebontha Road Surti Sunni Jamah Mosque Mosque 149 Shwebontha Road Pazundaung [ edit ] Structure Type Address Notes Maha Vishnu Temple Hindu Temple 137-139 51st Street Methodist Church Church 256 Bo Myat Tun Road Shwebonpwint Pagoda Pagoda U Shwe Gone Street Sunni Mosque of Eastern Yangon Mosque 73 Anawrahta Road Sanchaung [ edit ] [REDACTED] Sarpay Beikman House Structure Type Address Notes Anglican Religious Training Center Office 196 Kyundaw Lane BEHS 2 Sanchaung School 29 Pyay Road Former St. Philomena's High School Catholic Bishops' Conference of Myanmar Office 292-A Pyay Road Chinese Buddhist Nuns’ Temple Temple 35 Tayok Kyaung Lane Kodatgyi Pagoda Pagoda Bagaya Lane Kyimyindaing railway station Rail station 292-A Pyay Road Kyimyindaing Railway Station Lane Kyundaw Ordination Hall Monastery Bagaya Lane Myenigon Jamah Mosque Mosque 248 Bagaya Lane Okkyaung Bagaya Monastery Monastery 241 U Wisara Lane Sarpay Beikman Office 361 Pyay Road Weluwun Monastery Monastery Weluwun Lane Zeyawadi Monastery Monastery Zeyawadi Lane Tamwe [ edit ] Structure Type Address Notes M A Mamsa Mosque Mosque 161 Kyaikkasan Road Masedi Khan Sunni Jamah Mosque Mosque 356 Kyaikkasan Road St. Francis' Catholic Church Church 131 Kyaikkasan Road Thingangyun [ edit ] Structure Type Address Notes Kyaikkasan Pagoda Pagoda Kyaikkasan Pagoda Road St. Joseph's Church Church 1-3 Thiri Marla Road Thanyok Monastery Monastery Kyauksadaing Road Yankin [ edit ] Structure Type Address Notes Kalayana Temple (Zekwet Pagoda) Temple Dhammayon Road Mogaung Pagoda Pagoda Mogaung Pagoda Road (Corner of Dhmmayon Road) Nagalein Pagoda Pagoda Budayon Road Supramanayan Hindu Temple Hindu Temple Budayon Road References [ edit ] ^ "Special Reports: Heritage List" . The Myanmar Times . 2001-10-29. ^ "Heritage listing for 16 Yangon Div pagodas". 7-Day News (in Burmese). 2010-02-18. ^ စင်ကြီး, နာရီ (January 9, 2014). "ဆရာယုဒသန်ကို ရည်မှန်းတည်ခဲ့သည့် သက်တမ်း ၁၀၀ ကျော် နာရီစင်ကြီး ပြန်လည်ပတ်" . Burma Irrawaddy . ^ Falconer, John; Luca Invernizzi Tettoni (2000). Burmese design and architecture . Tuttle Publishing. p. 78. ISBN 9789625938820 . ^ DBHKer (18 February 2006). "Reserve Bank of India - Rangoon - 1936" . Flickr . Retrieved 10 March 2012 . ^ DBHKer (18 February 2006). "Central Fire Station - Rangoon" . Flickr . Retrieved 10 March 2012 . ^ DBHKer (16 February 2006). "Custom House - Rangoon - 1915" . Flickr . Retrieved 10 March 2012 . ^ DBHKer (16 February 2006). "Rander House - Rangoon - 1932" . Flickr . Retrieved 10 March 2012 . ^ DBHKer (16 February 2006). "Oriental Life Assurance Building - Rangoon - 1914" . Flickr . Retrieved 10 March 2012 . ^ DBHKer (16 February 2006). "J & F Graham & Co - Rangoon - 1900" . Flickr . Retrieved 10 March 2012 . ^ DBHKer (18 February 2006). "Irrawaddy Flotilla Co - Rangoon - 1933" . Flickr . Retrieved 10 March 2012 . ^ DBHKer (18 February 2006). "A.Scott & Co - Rangoon - 1902" . Flickr . Retrieved 10 March 2012 . ^ DBHKer (16 February 2006). "Bibby Line Building - Rangoon" . Flickr . Retrieved 10 March 2012 . ^ DBHKer (18 February 2006). "Bank of Bengal - Rangoon - 1914" . Flickr . Retrieved 10 March 2012 . ^ DBHKer (16 February 2006). "Accountant-General's Office - Rangoon" . Flickr . Retrieved 10 March 2012 . ^ DBHKer (17 February 2006). "Rangoon College - Rangoon - 1929" . Flickr . Retrieved 10 March 2012 . External links [ edit ] Yangon City Heritage list on Yangon City Development Committee Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yangon_City_Heritage_List&oldid=1221586166 " Categories : Yangon-related lists Heritage registers in Myanmar Lists of buildings and structures in Myanmar Tourist attractions in Yangon Myanmar history-related lists Lists of tourist attractions in Myanmar Hidden category: CS1 Burmese-language sources (my) Landmarks A landmark
1932-578: The Arakan littoral over the next centuries. With Burmese influence came ties to Ceylon (Sri Lanka) and the gradual prominence of Theravada Buddhism. Anawrahta also received tribute from the Buddhist kingdom of Pateikkaya ( ပဋိက္ခယား , IPA: [bədeiʔ kʰəjá] ). The location of the small kingdom remains in dispute. The Burmese chronicles report the location as northwest of Arakan and its kings Indian. But British historian GE Harvey reckoned that it
2001-559: The Arakanese accounts, the attacks from the east ousted kings Pe Byu and Nga Ton in succession. However, the dates are off by centuries with the ousted kings having reigned in the late 8th to early 9th centuries, 10th to 11th, or 11th to 12th centuries. At any rate, as was the case with the Shan Hills, Anawrahta's suzerainty over north Arakan (separated by the Arakan Yoma range) was nominal. The "conquest" may have been more of
2070-698: The Aris die out. Their descendants, known as forest dwelling monks, remained a powerful force patronized by the royalty down to the Ava period in the 16th century. Likewise, the nat worship continued (down to the present day). Even the Theravada Buddhism of Anawrahta, Kyansittha and Manuha was one still strongly influenced by Hinduism when compared to later more orthodox (18th and 19th century) standards. Tantric, Saivite , and Vaishnava elements enjoyed greater elite influence than they would later do, reflecting both
2139-1495: The Bibby Line Building. Myanma Economic Bank Branch-3 Government office 15-19 Sule Pagoda Road (and Strand Road ) Formerly the Bank of Bengal, built in 1914. Myanma Export Import Enterprise Government office 579 Merchant Road (and Maha Bandula Garden Street) Myanma Insurance Government office 142-144 Sule Pagoda Road Myanma Industrial Development Bank Government office 26-42 Pansodan Road Myanma Insurance (Fire & Engineering) Government office 128-132 Pansodan Road Myanma Posts and Telecommunications Government office 125-133 Pansodan Road (and Maha Bandula Road) Former Central Telegraph Office . Built in 1917 by John Begg . Myanma Port Authority Government office 2-20 Pansodan Road Built in 1920. Science & Technology Division, Cybermec 550-552 Merchant Road Strand Hotel Hotel 92 Strand Road Built in 1896. Sule Pagoda Pagoda Sule Pagoda Road Sunni Jamah Bengali Mosque Mosque 93 Sule Pagoda Road Surti Sunni Jamah Mosque Mosque 224-228 35th Street Yangon Division Office Complex Government office 56-66 Bank Street Old Police Commissioner's Office Yangon Division Statistics Office Government office 22-34 Bank Street Yangon Divisional Court (Civil) Court 1 Pansodan Road Formerly
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2208-460: The Ceylonese king gave a replica of the Buddha Tooth of which Ceylon was the proud possessor. The replica was then enshrined in the Lawkananda Pagoda in Pagan. The greatest achievement of Anawrahta was his consolidation of various ethnic groups into a single nation. He was careful that his own people, the Burmans, not flaunt themselves before other peoples. He continued to show regard for the Pyus, who had recently fallen from greatness. He retained
2277-408: The Cholas asked Anawrahta for Buddhist scriptures and Buddhist monks . The Chola invasions had left the original home of Theravada Buddhism with so few monks that it was hard to convene a chapter and make valid ordinations . Anawrahta sent the monks and scriptures, and a white elephant as a present for Vijayabahu. The Burmese monks ordained or re-ordained the entire clergy of the island. In return,
2346-414: The Fytche Square Building Myanma Agricultural and Village Tract Development Bank 526-532 Merchant Road Formerly the A. Scott & Company Building, built in 1902. Myanma Economic Bank Government office 564 Maha Bandula Garden Street (and Merchant Road) Myanma Economic Bank Branch-2 and Savings Bank Branch-4 Government office 27-41 Pansodan Road Formerly
2415-412: The Khmer kingdom and sacked the city of Angkor , and another one goes so far as to say that Anawrahta even visited Java to receive his tribute. However, Western historians (Harvey, Hall, et al) present a much smaller empire, consisted of the Irrawaddy valley and nearer periphery. His victory terracotta votive tablets (emblazoned with his name in Sanskrit) have been found along the Tenasserim coastline in
2484-416: The Mon world. Anawrahta also demanded tribute from other neighboring Mon Kingdoms, Haripunjaya and Dvaravati (in present-day northern and central Thailand ). Haripunjaya reportedly sent in tribute but Dvaravati's overlord Khmer Empire instead invaded Tenasserim. Anawrahta sent his armies, again led by the four paladins, who repulsed the invaders. The Burmese chronicles referred to the Kingdom of Cambodia as
2553-459: The Pagan throne in 1044. Anawrahta unified the entire Irrawaddy valley for the first time in history, and placed peripheral regions such as the Shan States and Arakan (Rakhine) under Pagan's suzerainty. He successfully stopped the advance of the Khmer Empire into the Tenasserim coastline and into the Upper Menam valley, making Pagan one of the two great kingdoms in mainland Southeast Asia . A strict disciplinarian, Anawrahta implemented
2622-505: The Rander House, built in 1936. Department of Labour Government office 138-158 Pansodan Road (and Maha Bandula Road ) Department of Pensions Government office 27 Bank Street Embassy of Australia Embassy 88 Strand Road Embassy of India Embassy 545-547 Merchant Road (and 36th Street) Formerly the Oriental Life Assurance Building, built in 1914. Embassy of UK Embassy 80 Strand Road Former headquarters of
2691-938: The Rangoon Municipality Central Fire Station. General Post Office 39-41 Bo Aung Kyaw Road (and Merchant Road) Central Naval Hydrographic Depot Government office 55-61 Strand Road City Hall Government office Maha Bandula Road Built in 1927. Custom House 132 Strand Road Built in 1916 by John Begg . Emmanuel Baptist Church (Yangon, Myanmar) Church 411 Maha Bandula Garden Street (and Maha Bandula Road) Department of Fire Services Government office 127-133 Sule Pagoda Road Department of Information and Public Relations Government office 22-24 Pansodan Road Department of Immigration and Registration Government office 416 Maha Bandula Garden Street (and Maha Bandula Road ) Department of Internal Revenue Government office 55-61 Pansodan Road Formerly
2760-545: The Scottish firm J&F Graham & Company, Built in 1900. Embassy of USA Embassy 581 Merchant Road High Court Building Court 89-133 Pansodan Road Former High Court building, built in 1911 by James Ransome. Inland Water Transport 44-54 Pansodan Road Formerly the Irrawaddy Flotilla Company headquarters, built in 1933. Methodist Church Church 239 Seikkantha Road Ministry of Hotel and Tourism Government office 77-91 Sule Pagoda Road Formerly
2829-433: The Shan Hills. He used traditional nat spirits to attract people to his new religion. Asked why he allowed the nats to be placed in Buddhist temples and pagodas, Anawrahta answered "Men will not come for the sake of new faith. Let them come for their old gods, and gradually they will be won over." Urged on by Shin Arahan, Anawrahta tried to reform the very Theravada Buddhism he received from Thaton, which by most accounts,
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2898-455: The advance of Khmer Empire, a Mahayana state, provided the Buddhist school, which had been in retreat elsewhere in South and Southeast Asia , a much needed reprieve and a safe shelter. He helped restart Theravada Buddhism in Ceylon , the Buddhist school's original home. The success of Pagan dynasty made Theravada Buddhism's later growth in Lan Na (northern Thailand), Siam (central Thailand), Lan Xang (Laos), and Khmer Empire (Cambodia) in
2967-423: The borders of modern Burma. The success and longevity of Pagan's dominance over the Irrawaddy valley laid the foundation for the ascent of Burmese language and culture, the spread of Burman ethnicity in Upper Burma. His embrace of Theravada Buddhism and his success in stopping the advance of Khmer Empire, a Hindu kingdom, provided the Buddhist school, which had been in retreat elsewhere in South and Southeast Asia ,
3036-405: The boundaries of a kingdom, estate, etc.". Starting from around 1560, this understanding of "landmark" was replaced by a more general one. A landmark became a "conspicuous object in a landscape". A landmark literally meant a geographic feature used by explorers and others to find their way back or through an area. For example, the Table Mountain near Cape Town , South Africa was used as
3105-412: The capital of Arakan. He reportedly tried to bring home the giant Mahamuni Buddha but could not. He did take away the gold and silver vessels of the shrine. There is no single unified Arakanese account to corroborate the event. Surviving Arakanese chronicles (from the 18th and 19th centuries) mention at least two separate raids from the east, as well as "visits" by Anawrahta and Kyansittha. According to
3174-400: The court. Min Saw and his mother attended Kunhsaw, and lived nearby the monastery. In 1038, Kyiso died, and was succeeded by Sokkate. Min Saw was loyal to the new king. He took wives, and had at least two sons ( Saw Lu and Kyansittha ) by the early 1040s. In 1044 however, Min Saw raised a rebellion at nearby Mount Popa , and challenged Sokkate to single combat. According to the chronicles,
3243-435: The cultural transformation of Upper Burma are a post-Pagan legend without contemporary evidence, that Lower Burma in fact lacked a substantial independent polity prior to Pagan's expansion, and that Mon influence on the interior is greatly exaggerated. Possibly in this period, the delta sedimentation—which now extends the coastline by three miles a century—remained insufficient, and the sea still reached too far inland, to support
3312-459: The following centuries. He bequeathed a strong administrative system that all later Pagan kings followed until the dynasty's fall in 1287. The success and longevity of Pagan's dominance over the Irrawaddy valley laid the foundation for the ascent of Burmese language and culture, the spread of Burman ethnicity in Upper Burma. Anawrahta's legacy went far beyond the borders of modern Burma. His embrace of Theravada Buddhism and his success in stopping
3381-422: The levy it could raise. He made great efforts to turn the arid parched lands of central Burma into a rice granary. He constructed the irrigation system, which is still used in Upper Burma today. He repaired the Meiktila Lake , and successfully built four weirs and canals (Kinda, Nga Laingzin, Pyaungbya, Kume) on the Panlaung river, and three weirs (Nwadet, Kunhse, Nga Pyaung) on the Zawgyi. (He also tried to control
3450-449: The most accurate for the Pagan period. Scholarship's dates for Anawrahta's birth, death and reign dates are closest to Zata's dates. In 1021, when Min Saw was about six years old, his father was deposed by his step-brothers Kyiso and Sokkate . His father had been a usurper of the Pagan throne, who overthrew King Nyaung-u Sawrahan two decades earlier. Kunhsaw then married three of Nyaung-u's chief queens, two of whom were pregnant at
3519-429: The name Pyu for his kingdom although it was under the leadership of the Burmans. He showed regard for the Mons, and encouraged his people to learn from the Mons. Anawrahta replaced the kings of Lower Burma (Pegu and Thaton) with governors. At Pegu, he allowed the king of Pegu to remain as a vassal king in appreciation of the latter's help in Anawrahta's conquest of Thaton. But after the vassal king's death, he appointed
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#17327730621883588-441: The next ten years, he founded the Pagan Empire, the Irrawaddy valley at the core, surrounded by tributary kingdoms. Estimates of the extent of his empire vary greatly. The Burmese and Thai chronicles report an empire which covered present-day Myanmar and northern Thailand. The Thai chronicles assert that Anawrahta conquered the entire Menam valley, and received tribute from the Khmer king. One states that Anawrahta's armies invaded
3657-495: The pantheon of Burmese nat spirits ). But people admired and feared him, and he was able to implement many of his ambitious multifaceted reforms. Anawrahta died on 11 April 1077 in the outskirts of Pagan. The chronicles hint that his enemies ambushed and killed him and then disposed of the body in such a way that it was never found. The chronicles state that a nat (spirit) appeared in the guise of wild buffalo and gored him to death, and then demons took away his body. Anawrahta
3726-447: The people, and considered the monks, who ate evening meals, drank liquor, presided over animal sacrifices, and enjoyed a form of ius primae noctis , depraved. In Theravada Buddhism he found a substitute to break the power of the clergy. From 1056 onwards, Anawrahta implemented a series of religious reforms throughout his kingdom. His reforms gained steam after his conquest of Thaton, which brought much needed scriptures and clergy from
3795-466: The present districts of Mandalay , Meiktila , Myingyan , Kyaukse , Yamethin , Magwe , Sagaing and Katha east of the Irrawaddy, and the riverine portions of Minbu and Pakkoku . To the north lay Nanzhao Kingdom , and to the east still largely uninhibited Shan Hills , to the south and the west the Pyus , and farther south still, the Mons . Anawrahta's first acts as king were to organize his kingdom. He graded every town and village according to
3864-454: The reason for his uprising was that Sokkate had just raised Min Saw's mother as queen. Sokkate is said to have addressed Min Saw as brother-son, which the latter took great offense. Sokkate accepted the challenge to single combat on horseback. On 11 August 1044, Min Saw slew Sokkate at Myinkaba , near Pagan. The king and his horse both fell into the river nearby. Min Saw first offered the throne to his father. The former king, who had long been
3933-412: The relative immaturity of early Burmese literacy culture and its indiscriminate receptivity to non-Burman traditions. Indeed, even today's Burmese Buddhism contains many animist, Mahayana Buddhist and Hindu elements. He was the first of the "Temple Builders" of Pagan. His chief monument was the Shwezigon Pagoda. The work began in 1059 but was still unfinished at his death 18 years later. He also built
4002-488: The route presented Anawrahta with tributes. Still, their allegiance was nominal and he had to establish 43 forts along the eastern foothills of which the following 33 still exist as villages. The 43 forts were established per the royal order issued 7 February 1061 (12th waxing of Tabaung 422 ME). After his first Shan campaign, Anawrahta turned to the Mon -speaking kingdoms in the south, which like Pagan were merely large city-states in reality. He first received submission of
4071-429: The ruler of Pegu (Bago). But the Thaton Kingdom refused to submit. Anawrahta's armies, led by the "Four Paladins", invaded the southern kingdom in early 1057. After a 3-months' siege of the city of Thaton, on 17 May 1057, (11th waxing of Nayon, 419 ME ), the Pagan forces conquered the city. According to Burmese and Mon traditions, Anawrahta's main reason for the invasion was Thaton king Manuha 's refusal to give him
4140-501: The scriptures from Thaton, it was really a demand for tribute. The ruler of Dali shut the gates, and would not give up the relic. After a long pause, two kings exchanged presents and conversed amicably. The Dali ruler gave Anawrahta a jade image which had come into contact with the tooth. In 1069, Vijayabahu I of Ceylon asked Anawrahta for aid against the Chola invaders from Tamil country . Anawrahta sent ships of supplies in aid of Buddhist Ceylon. In 1071, Vijayabahu who had defeated
4209-527: The south, Katha in the north, Thazi in the east and Minbu in the west. His first efforts were in then lightly inhabited Shan Hills in the east and the north. He acquired allegiance of Shan Hills in two waves. In the early to mid-1050s, Anawrahta first visited the nearer Shan Hills in the east, and received tribute. He founded the Bawrithat Pagoda in Nyaungshwe . The second wave came in the late 1050s and early 1060s after his march to Nanzhao Kingdom . After his return from Nanzhao expedition, Shan chiefs along
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#17327730621884278-404: The southeastern limit of the Pagan Empire. After the Khmer advance was checked, Anawrahta turned his attention toward Dali. Anawrahta led a campaign against the kingdom in the northeast. (According to a mid-17th century source, he began the march on 16 December 1057.) He advanced to Dali , the capital of Dali Kingdom , ostensibly to seek a Buddha's tooth relic. As in the case of the request for
4347-443: The sport of orienteering . Because most woods have many fallen trees, generally only very large rootstocks are mapped. In the modern sense, landmarks are usually referred to as monuments or prominent distinctive buildings, used as the symbol of a certain area, city, or nation . Some examples are Tokyo Tower in Tokyo , the White House in Washington, D.C. , the Statue of Liberty and Empire State Building in New York City ,
4416-454: The time, and subsequently gave birth to Kyiso and Sokkate. Kunhsaw had raised Sokkate and Kyiso as his own sons. After the putsch, Kyiso became king and Sokkate became heir-apparent. They forced their step-father to a local monastery, where Kunhsaw would live as a monk for the remainder of his life. Min Saw grew up in the shadow of his two step-brothers, who viewed Min Saw as their youngest brother and allowed him to retain his princely status at
4485-426: The two dead heroes were now gods who could be worshipped. His forcing of Kyansittha to become fugitive increased his popularity although this action at least was justified for the great paladin, like the Lancelot of the Round Table , was in love with one of his queens. (The queen in love with Kyansittha was Manisanda Khin U. The two young heroes executed were Shwe Hpyin Gyi and Shwe Hpyin Nge , who later entered
4554-456: The vanquished kingdom. He broke the power of the Ari monks first by declaring that his court would no longer heed if people ceased to yield their children to the priests. Those who were in bondage of the priests gained freedom. Some of the monks simply disrobed or followed the new way. However, the majority of the monks who had wielded power for so long would not go away easily. Anawrahta banished them in numbers; many of them fled to Popa Hill and
4623-4925: Was assassinated in 1947. Built in 1905. Printing & Publishing Enterprise 228 Theinbyu Road St. Mary's Cathedral Church 372 Bo Aung Kyaw Road Largest cathedral in Myanmar Dagon [ edit ] [REDACTED] BEHS 1 Dagon [REDACTED] Shwedagon Pagoda Structure Type Address Notes BEHS 1 Dagon School 57 Alanpyapaya Road Former Methodist English High School BEHS 2 Dagon School 353 Myoma Kyaung Lane Former Myoma National High School, Built in 1922. Department of Public Health Laboratory Health clinic 35 Mawgundaik Lane Diplomatic Residence Compound Housing 82 Pyidaungzu Yeiktha Avenue (Corner of Pyay Road) Eindawya Pagoda Pagoda Myoma Kyaung Lane India House Office 35 Diplomat Avenue Kyargu Monastery Monastery 49 Shwedagon Pagoda Road Maha Wizaya Pagoda Pagoda Shwedagon Pagoda Road Methodist English Church Church 65 Alanpyapaya Road Ministry of Foreign Affairs Office 37 Diplomat Avenue National Archives Department Office 114 Pyidaungzu Yeiktha Avenue St. Gabriel's Church Church 64 Shwedagon Pagoda Road St. John's Catholic Church Church 25 Mawgundaik Lane (Corner of Shwedagon Pagoda Road) Sein Yaungchi Pagoda Pagoda Shwedagon Pagoda Road Shwedagon Pagoda Pagoda Shwedagon Pagoda Road Yahanda Ordination Hall Temple Shwedagon Pagoda Road Zafar Shah Darga 6 Ziwaka Lane Hlaing [ edit ] Structure Type Address Notes Sri Mary Yeoman Hindu Temple Temple 49 Yangon-Insein Road Insein [ edit ] Structure Type Address Notes Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science Institute Headquarters Office BEHS 1 Insein School Mingyi Road Criminal Investigation Department (CID) Office Lower Mingaladon Road Government Technical Institute, Insein College Lower Mingaladon Road Insein General Hospital Hospital Mingyi Road Su Paung Yon Office Complex Office Mingyi Road Kamayut [ edit ] [REDACTED] Convocation Hall Structure Type Address Notes Judson Chapel Church Yangon University Estate Universities Buddhist Center (Dhammayon) University Avenue Universities Sanatorium University Avenue Yangon University Arts Hall University Yangon University Estate Yangon University Ava Hall University dormitory Yangon University Estate Yangon University Bago Hall University dormitory Yangon University Estate Yangon University Convocation Hall University Yangon University Estate Yangon University Dagon Hall University dormitory Yangon University Estate Yangon University Inya Hall University dormitory Yangon University Estate Yangon University Nawaday Hall University dormitory Thaton Lane Yangon University Pinya Hall University dormitory Yangon University Estate Yangon University Pyay Hall University dormitory Pyay Road Yangon University Sagaing Hall University dormitory Yangon University Estate Yangon University Sciences Hall University Yangon University Estate Yangon University Sciences Hall University Yangon University Estate Yangon University Shwebo Hall University dormitory Yangon University Estate Yangon University Tagaung Hall University dormitory Pyay Road Yangon University Thaton Hall University dormitory Yangon University Estate Yangon University Thiri Hall University dormitory Yangon University Estate Kyauktada [ edit ] [REDACTED] Yangon City Hall [REDACTED] Custom House [REDACTED] Rander House, Department of Internal Revenue [REDACTED] Burmese High Court [REDACTED] Central Telegraph Office [REDACTED] Inland Water Transport Building [REDACTED] High Court [REDACTED] City Hall [REDACTED] Strand Hotel [REDACTED] Yangon Divisional Court (Civil) Structure Type Address Notes Yangon Stock Exchange Government office 24-26 Sule Pagoda Road Former Reserve Bank of India building, built in 1936. Central Fire Station Government office 137-139 Sule Pagoda Road Formerly
4692-400: Was in a state of decay, and increasingly influenced by Hinduism. (The Mon chronicles hint that Manuha was reprehensible for making a compromise with Hinduism. Shin Arahan left Thaton because he was unhappy with the decaying of Buddhism there.) He made Pagan a center of Theravada learning by inviting scholars from the Mon lands, Ceylon as well as from India where a dying Buddhism was being given
4761-512: Was more likely nearer to the eastern Chin Hills. The Tripura State was described as "Patikara" in Maharajoang, an ancient historical book of Bramhadesh. As his kingdom expanded, Anawrahta came into contact with the Dali Kingdom (the erstwhile home of the Burmans ) in the northeast, and in the southeast, the Khmer Empire , the main power of mainland Southeast Asia at the time. He assisted fellow Theravada Buddhist Ceylon in its war against Hindu Chola invaders. Pagan's conquest of Thaton shook
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