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66-685: Zōjō-ji is notable for its relationship with the Tokugawa clan , the rulers of Japan during the Edo period , with six of the Tokugawa shōguns being buried in the Taitoku-in Mausoleum in the temple grounds. Also, the temple's Sangedatsumon (main gate) is the oldest wooden building in Tokyo, dating from 1622. The original buildings, temples, mausoleums and the cathedral were destroyed by fire, natural disasters or air raids during World War II. It

132-620: A shogun died without a living heir, both the heads of gosanke (except Mito-Tokugawa family ) and gosankyō had priority to succeed his position. Many daimyōs descended from cadet branches of the clan, however, retained the surname Matsudaira ; examples include the Matsudaira of Fukui and Aizu . Members of the Tokugawa clan intermarried with prominent daimyo and the Imperial family. On November 9, 1867, Tokugawa Yoshinobu ,

198-537: A " mon ", the "triple hollyhock " (although commonly, but mistakenly identified as "hollyhock", the "aoi" actually belongs to the birthwort family and translates as " wild ginger "— Asarum ), has been a readily recognized icon in Japan, symbolizing in equal parts the Tokugawa clan and the last shogunate. The symbol derives from a mythical clan, the Kamo clan, which legendarily descended from Yatagarasu . Matsudaira village

264-738: A 10-minute walk from Hamamatsucho Station on the JR Yamanote and Keihin-Tōhoku Lines , a 6-minute walk from Daimon Station on the Toei Asakusa and Toei Oedo Lines , a 3-minute walk from Onarimon and Shibakoen Stations on the Toei Mita Line , and about 500 meters from the Shibakoen exit of the Shuto Expressway . While not immediately obvious, the temple grounds are somewhat wheelchair-accessible if entering from

330-433: A baby born without signs of life . A stillbirth can often result in the feeling of guilt or grief in the mother. The term is in contrast to miscarriage , which is an early pregnancy loss, and sudden infant death syndrome , where the baby dies a short time after being born alive. Often the cause is unknown. Causes may include pregnancy complications such as pre-eclampsia and birth complications , problems with

396-403: A cause of death in about 40% of autopsied cases. About 10% of cases are believed to be due to obesity , high blood pressure , or diabetes . Other risk factors include: A pregnant woman sleeping on her back after 28 weeks of pregnancy may be a risk factor for stillbirth. After a stillbirth there is a 2.5% risk of another stillbirth in the next pregnancy (an increase from 0.4%). In

462-566: A disciple of Kūkai , founded a temple named Kōmyō-ji (光明寺) at Kaizuka (貝塚, present-day Kōjimachi in Chiyoda, Tokyo ); it is said to have been the forerunner of Zōjō-ji. In 1393, during the Muromachi period , the temple, under its abbot Yūyo Shōsō, converted from Shingon to the Jōdo school. Shōsō is thus regarded as the founder of Zōjō-ji. Together with Kan'ei-ji , during the Edo period Zōjō-ji

528-432: A healthy fetus to exhibit such changes, particularly near the end of a pregnancy when there is considerably less space in the uterus than earlier in pregnancy for the fetus to move about. Still, medical examination , including a nonstress test , is recommended in the event of any type of any change in the strength or frequency of fetal movement, especially a complete cease; most midwives and obstetricians recommend

594-538: A stillbirth was revised to conform, in substance, to the definition of fetal death recommended by the World Health Organization ". The definition of "fetal death" promulgated by the World Health Organization in 1950 is as follows: In Germany, a stillbirth is defined as the birth of a child of at least 500g weight without blood circulation or breath. Details for burial vary amongst the federal states. Since 1 January 1995, stillbirths occurring in

660-438: A stillbirth. The term is often used in distinction to live birth (the baby was born alive, even if they died shortly thereafter) or miscarriage (early pregnancy loss ). The word miscarriage is often used incorrectly to describe stillbirths. The term is mostly used in a human context; however, the same phenomenon can occur in all species of placental mammals . When the umbilical cord is constricted (q.v. "accidents" above),

726-639: A stillbirth. There are a number of definitions for stillbirth. To allow comparison, the World Health Organization uses the ICD-10 definitions and recommends that any baby born without signs of life at greater than or equal to 28 completed weeks' gestation be classified as a stillbirth. The WHO uses the ICD-10 definitions of "late fetal deaths" as their definition of stillbirth. Other organisations recommend that any combination of greater than 16, 20, 22, 24 or 28 weeks gestational age or 350 g, 400 g, 500 g or 1000 g birth weight may be considered

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792-531: Is a Japanese dynasty which produced the Tokugawa shoguns who ruled Japan from 1603 to 1868 during the Edo period . It was formerly a powerful daimyō family. They nominally descended from Emperor Seiwa (850–880) and were a branch of the Minamoto clan ( Seiwa Genji ) through the Matsudaira clan . The early history of the clan remains a mystery. Nominally, the Matsudaira clan is said to be descended from

858-584: Is also a patrilineal descendant of Tokugawa Yorifusa , the youngest son of Tokugawa Ieyasu. In 2007, Tsunenari published a book entitled Edo no idenshi (江戸の遺伝子), released in English in 2009 as The Edo Inheritance, which seeks to counter the common belief among Japanese that the Edo period was like a Dark Age , when Japan, cut off from the world , fell behind. On the contrary, he argues, the roughly 250 years of peace and relative prosperity saw great economic reforms,

924-501: Is being reported; many do not use the term "stillbirth" at all. The federal guidelines suggest (at page 1) that fetal death and stillbirth can be interchangeable terms. The CDC definition of "fetal death" is based on the definition promulgated by the World Health Organization in 1950 (see section above on Canada ). Researchers are learning more about the long term psychiatric sequelae of traumatic birth and believe

990-633: Is located in the Shiba neighborhood of Minato . The Shiba Park is built around the temple, with the Tokyo Tower standing beside it. In 2015 a Treasure Gallery was opened on the underground level of the Daiden (great hall), and it currently houses paintings of Kanō Kazunobu and a model of the Taitoku-in Mausoleum . The temple remains active "as the main temple of Jodo shu and the central nembutsu seminary for priests and novices." Shūei (宗叡, 809-884),

1056-421: Is no international classification system for stillbirth causes. The causes of a large percentage of stillbirths is unknown, even in cases where extensive testing and an autopsy have been performed. A rarely used term to describe these is "sudden antenatal death syndrome", or SADS, a phrase coined in 2000. Many stillbirths occur at full term to apparently healthy pregnant women, and a postmortem evaluation reveals

1122-478: Is not recommended unless complications develop during vaginal birth . How the diagnosis of stillbirth is communicated by healthcare workers may have a long-lasting and deep impact on parents. People need to heal physically after a stillbirth just as they do emotionally. In Ireland, for example, people are offered a 'cuddle cot', a cooled cot which allows them to spend a number of days with their child before burial or cremation. In single stillbirths, common practice

1188-422: Is over 12.5 oz (350 g), or those more than 20 weeks gestation. Forty-one areas use a definition very similar to the federal definition, thirteen areas use a shortened definition of fetal death, and three areas have no formal definition of fetal death. Only 11 areas specifically use the term 'stillbirth', often synonymously with late fetal death; however, they are split between whether stillbirths are "irrespective of

1254-820: Is possible with improved health systems. Around half of stillbirths occur during childbirth , with this being more common in the developing than developed world . Otherwise, depending on how far along the pregnancy is, medications may be used to start labor or a type of surgery known as dilation and evacuation may be carried out. Following a stillbirth, women are at higher risk of another one; however, most subsequent pregnancies do not have similar problems. Depression , financial loss , and family breakdown are known complications. Worldwide in 2021, there were an estimated 1.9 million stillbirths that occurred after 28 weeks of pregnancy (about 1 for every 72 births). More than three-quarters of estimated stillbirths in 2021 occurred in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, with 47% of

1320-514: Is to induce labor for the health of the mother due to possible complications such as exsanguination. Induction and labor can take 48 hours. In the case of various complications such as preclampsia, infections, multiples (twins), emergency Cesarean may occur. The average stillbirth rate in the United States is approximately 1 in 160 births, which is roughly 26,000 stillbirths each year. In Australia, England, Wales, and Northern Ireland,

1386-465: The Births and Deaths Registration Act 1953 (as amended), contained in s.41. The above definitions apply within those Acts thus other legislation will not necessarily be in identical terms. s.2 of the 1953 Act requires that registration of a birth takes place within 42 days of the birth except where an inquest takes place or the child has been "found exposed" in which latter case the time limit runs from

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1452-507: The Matsudaira clan , after he pacified Mikawa . This decision was made after he counseled by his senior vassal Sakai Tadatsugu to abandon their allegiance with the Imagawa clan. He also strengthened his powerbase by creating a military government system of Tokugawa clan in Mikawa which based from his hereditary vassals Fudai daimyō . The system which called " Sanbi no gunsei " (三備の軍制) with

1518-607: The Nitta clan , a branch of the Minamoto clan, but the likelihood of this claim is considered quite low or untrue. Minamoto no Yoshishige (1135–1202), grandson of Minamoto no Yoshiie (1041–1108), was the first to take the name of Nitta. He sided with his cousin Minamoto no Yoritomo against the Taira clan (1180) and accompanied him to Kamakura . Nitta Yoshisue, 4th son of Yoshishige, settled at Tokugawa (Kozuke province) and took

1584-550: The Second World War , it has been designated an Important Cultural Property . "San" (三) means "three", and "Gedatsu" (解脱) means " Moksha ". If someone passes through the gate, he can free himself from three passions (貪 Ton ; "greed", 瞋 Shin ; "hatred", 癡 Chi ; "foolishness"). On the upper floor are enshrined an image of Gautama Buddha flanked by two attendants, and statues of the Sixteen Arhats . Six of

1650-399: The placenta or umbilical cord , birth defects , infections such as malaria and syphilis , and poor health in the mother. Risk factors include a mother's age over 35, smoking, drug use, use of assisted reproductive technology , and first pregnancy. Stillbirth may be suspected when no fetal movement is felt. Confirmation is by ultrasound . Worldwide prevention of most stillbirths

1716-466: The third trimester . Stillbirths were previously not included in the Global Burden of Disease Study which records worldwide deaths from various causes until 2015. The way people view stillbirths has changed dramatically over time; however, its economic and psychosocial impact is often underestimated. In the early 20th century, when a stillbirth occurred, the baby was taken and discarded and

1782-524: The 15 Tokugawa shōguns are buried at Zōjō-ji. The Taitoku-in Mausoleum of Hidetada (and the monument to his wife Sūgen'in ), Ienobu , and Ietsugu had been designated National Treasures of Japan , but were burned in World War II. At present, parts of two of their graves have the distinction of being Important Cultural Properties of Japan . Additional graves are located in the cemetery behind

1848-467: The 15th and the last shogun of Tokugawa, tendered his resignation to Emperor Meiji . He formally stepped down ten days later, returning governing power to the Emperor, marking the end of the ruling power of the Tokugawa shogunate . In 1868, Tokugawa Iesato (1863–1940, from Tayasu family) was chosen as the heir to Yoshinobu as the head of Tokugawa clan. On July 7, 1884, Iesato became a prince, just like

1914-730: The Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS) and the Dutch Perinatal Registry (Stichting PRN ). The birth and mortality numbers from the CBS include all livebirths, regardless of gestational duration, and all stillbirths from 24 weeks of gestation and onwards. In the Perinatal Registry, gestational duration of both liveborn and stillborn children is available. They register all liveborn and stillborn children from 22, 24 or 28 weeks of gestation and onwards (dependent on

1980-563: The Great Hall. Parts of the former grounds of the temple are now occupied by a park and two hotels. Tokugawa Iemochi also Iemochi's wife, Kazu-no-Miya Chikako also buried in Zozo-ji. In one particular garden at the cemetery, rows of stone statues of children represent unborn children, including miscarried , aborted , and stillborn children. Parents can choose a statue in the garden and decorate it with small clothing and toys. Usually

2046-571: The Matsudaira clan, including Nobumitsu, took the surname Kamo no Ason (Kamo) , and the Matsudaira clan's hollyhock crest also suggests a connection to the Kamo clan, so some have pointed out that they were actually vassals of the Kamo clan. Tokugawa Ieyasu himself signed the letter of assurance to the Suganuma clan in 1561, shortly after independence from the Imagawa clan, as "Minamoto no Motoyasu" ("Suganuma Family Genealogy" and "Documents Possessed by Kunozan Toshogu Shrine") The clan rose to power at

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2112-417: The Mikawa province. Nobumitsu's great-great-grandson Matsudaira Kiyoyasu made his clan strong, but was assassinated. In 1567, Matsudaira Motonobu—then known as Tokugawa Ieyasu (1542–1616)—grandson of Kiyoyasu, was recognized by Emperor Ōgimachi as a descendant of Seiwa Genji ; he also started the family name Tokugawa. According to historical documents from the same period, some of the three generations of

2178-540: The Registration District where the still-birth occurred or for the District in which the mother is resident. A stillbirth certificate will be issued to the registrant with further copies only available to those obtaining official consent for their issue. Registration may be made within three months of the still-birth. In the United States, there is no standard definition of the term 'stillbirth'. In

2244-623: The Republic of Ireland must be registered; stillbirths that occurred before that date can also be registered but evidence is required. For the purposes of civil registration, s.1 of the Stillbirths Registration Act 1994 refers to "...a child weighing at least 500 grammes, or having reached a gestational age of at least 24 weeks who shows no signs of life." In the Netherlands, stillbirth is defined differently by

2310-565: The U.S., the Born-Alive Infants Protection Act of 2002 specifies that any breathing, heartbeat, pulsating umbilical cord or confirmed voluntary muscle movement indicate live birth rather than stillbirth. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention collects statistical information on "live births, fetal deaths, and induced termination of pregnancy" from 57 reporting areas in the United States. Each reporting area has different guidelines and definitions for what

2376-402: The United States, highest rates of stillbirths happen in pregnant women who: It is unknown how much time is needed for a fetus to die. Fetal behavior is consistent and a change in the fetus' movements or sleep-wake cycles can indicate fetal distress. A decrease or cessation in sensations of fetal activity may be an indication of fetal distress or death, though it is not entirely uncommon for

2442-481: The birth or of the child being found. Unlike the registers for births, marriages, civil partnerships and deaths, the register of still-births is not open to public access and issue of extracts requires the permission of the Registrar General for Scotland . In Northern Ireland, the Births and Deaths Registration (Northern Ireland) Order 1976 , as amended contains the definition: "still-birth" means

2508-605: The clan are partly administered by the Tokugawa Memorial Foundation . After the death of Ieyasu, in 1636, the heads of the gosanke (the three branches with fiefs in Owari , Kishū , and Mito ) also bore the Tokugawa surname, so did the three additional branches, known as the gosankyō : the Tayasu (1731), Hitotsubashi (1735), and Shimizu (1758) family, after the ascension of Tokugawa Yoshimune . Once

2574-491: The complete expulsion or extraction from its mother after the twenty-fourth week of pregnancy of a child which did not at any time after being completely expelled or extracted breathe or show any other evidence of life. Registration of stillbirths can be made by a relative or certain other persons involved with the stillbirth but it is not compulsory to do so. Registration takes place with the District Registrar for

2640-591: The decline of Buddhism during the Meiji period (1868-1912), most of them burned during the Bombing of Tokyo in World War II . Reconstruction began after the war, with the Daiden (great hall) being rebuilt in 1974. The 21 meter (69 foot) two-storied main gate, Sangedatsumon ( 三解脱門 ) was constructed in 1622, and it is therefore the oldest wooden building in Tokyo. The temple's only original structure to survive

2706-438: The duration of pregnancy", or whether some age or weight constraint is applied. A movement in the U.S. has changed the way that stillbirths are documented through vital records. Previously, only the deaths were reported. However, 27 states have enacted legislation that offers some variation of a birth certificate as an option for parents who choose to pay for one. Parents may not claim a tax exemption for stillborn infants, even if

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2772-633: The effects may be intergenerational The CDC states that, in the US, a stillbirth is typically defined as the loss of a fetus during or after the 20th week of pregnancy. Stillbirths can further be classified as early (occurring between week 20 and week 27 of pregnancy), late (occurring between week 28 and week 36 of pregnancy), and term (occurring during or after week 37 of pregnancy). In the US, approximately 21,000 babies are stillborn annually, and stillbirth affects around 1 in 175 births. The federal guidelines recommend reporting those fetal deaths whose birth weight

2838-494: The end of the Sengoku period . as their political influences and territories they controlled expanded during this period, they developed many new offices such as many magistrate official such as Kōriki Kiyonaga , Amano Yasukage , Honda Shigetsugu , and many others, to control their new territories and vassals. In 1566, as Ieyasu declared his independence from the Imagawa clan, he reformed the order of Mikawa province starting with

2904-482: The expression "still-birth" shall be construed accordingly s.21(1) of the same Act requires that: Except so far as otherwise provided by this section or as may be prescribed, the provisions of this Part of this Act shall, so far as applicable, apply to still-births in like manner as they apply to births of children born alive. In the general case, s.14 of the Act requires that a birth has to be registered within 21 days of

2970-528: The fetus experiences periods of hypoxia , and may respond by unusually high periods of kicking or struggling, to free the umbilical cord. These are sporadic if constriction is due to a change in the fetus' or mother's position, and may become worse or more frequent as the fetus grows. Extra attention should be given if mothers experience large increases in kicking from previous childbirths, especially when increases correspond to position changes. Regulating high blood pressure , diabetes and drug use may reduce

3036-438: The focus on supporting their partner. In Australia, stillbirth is defined as a baby born with no signs of life that weighs more than 400 grams, or more than 20 weeks in gestation. They legally must have their birth registered. In Austria , a stillbirth is defined as a birth of a child of at least 500g weight without vital signs , e.g. blood circulation, breath or muscle movements. Beginning in 1959, "the definition of

3102-464: The global total in sub-Saharan Africa and 32% in South Asia. Stillbirth rates have declined, though more slowly since the 2000s. According to UNICEF, the total number of stillbirths declined by 35%, from 2.9 million in 2000 to 1.9 million in 2021. It is estimated that if the stillbirth rate for each country stays at the 2021 level, 17,5 million babies will be stillborn by 2030. As of 2016, there

3168-544: The growth of a sophisticated urban culture, and the development of the most urbanized society on the planet. Tsunenari formed the Tokugawa Memorial Foundation in 2003 to preserve and administer the historical objects, art, armor and documents that have been passed down in the Tokugawa family over the generations, display them for the general public and provide assistance to academic research on topics concerning historical Japan. The Tokugawa's clan symbol, known in Japanese as

3234-446: The heads of some of other notable Japanese noble families, known as Kazoku . The 1946 Constitution of Japan abolished the kazoku and the noble titles, making Iesato's son, Iemasa Tokugawa , no longer a prince. Iemasa had a son Iehide, who died young, so he was succeeded by one of his grandsons, Tsunenari . Tsunenari is the second son of Toyoko (eldest daughter of Iemasa) and Ichirō Matsudaira (son of Tsuneo Matsudaira ), and he

3300-523: The name of that place. Their provincial history book did not mention Minamoto clan or Nitta clan. The nominal originator of the Matsudaira clan was reportedly Matsudaira Chikauji , who was originally a poor Buddhist monk. He reportedly descended from Nitta Yoshisue in the 8th generation and witnessed the ruin of the Nitta in their war against the Ashikaga . He settled at Matsudaira (Mikawa province) and

3366-408: The parents were expected to immediately let go of the attachment and try for another baby. In many countries, parents are expected by friends and family members to recover from the loss of an unborn baby very soon after it happens. Societally-mediated complications such as financial hardship and depression are among the more common results. A stillbirth can have significant psychological effects on

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3432-443: The parents, notably causing feelings of guilt in the mother. Further psycho-social effects on parents include apprehension, anger, feelings of worthlessness and not wanting to interact with other people, with these reactions sometimes carried over into pregnancies that occur after the stillbirth. Men also suffer psychologically after stillbirth, although they are more likely to hide their grief and feelings and try to act strong, with

3498-456: The pregnant woman, and labour will usually begin spontaneously after two weeks, so the pregnant woman may choose to wait and bear the fetal remains vaginally . After two weeks, the pregnant woman is at risk of developing blood clotting problems, and labor induction is recommended at this point. In many cases, the pregnant woman will find the idea of carrying the dead fetus traumatizing and will elect to have labor induced. Caesarean birth

3564-410: The purposes of the Births and Deaths Registration Act 1926 (as amended), section 12 contains the definition: "still-born" and "still-birth" shall apply to any child which has issued forth from its mother after the twenty fourth week of pregnancy and which did not at any time after being completely expelled from its mother, breathe or show any other signs of life. A similar definition is applied within

3630-473: The rate is approximately 1 in every 200 births; in Scotland, 1 in 167. Rates of stillbirth in the United States have decreased by about two-thirds since the 1950s. The vast majority of stillbirths worldwide (98%) occur in low- and middle-income countries , where medical care can be of low quality or unavailable. Reliable estimates calculate that, yearly, about 2.6 million stillbirths occur worldwide during

3696-607: The report: fetal, neonatal or perinatal mortality). Therefore, data from these institutions on (still)births cannot be compared simply one-on-one. The registration of stillbirths has been required in England and Wales from 1927 and in Scotland from 1939 but is not required in Northern Ireland. Sometimes a pregnancy is terminated deliberately during a late phase, for example due to congenital anomaly. UK law requires these procedures to be registered as "stillbirths". For

3762-438: The risk of a stillbirth. Umbilical cord constriction may be identified and observed by ultrasound , if requested. Some maternal factors are associated with stillbirth, including being age 35 or older, having diabetes, having a history of addiction to illegal drugs, being overweight or obese, and smoking cigarettes in the three months before getting pregnant. Fetal death in utero does not present an immediate health risk to

3828-578: The royalists, whose cause is symbolized by the Imperial throne's chrysanthemum symbol. Compare with the red and white rose iconography of English Wars of the Roses , as imagined by Walter Scott earlier in the 19th century, in Anne of Geierstein (1829). Stillborn Stillbirth is typically defined as fetal death at or after 20 or 28 weeks of pregnancy , depending on the source. It results in

3894-625: The side street instead of the main gate. Monthly events Zōjō-ji was depicted multiple times in the art work of the Shin hanga artist Kawase Hasui during the 1920s and 30s. It was also shown in several ukiyo-e prints by Hiroshige , in particular twice in his famous One Hundred Famous Views of Edo series from 1856–1858. 35°39′27″N 139°44′54″E  /  35.657479°N 139.748376°E  / 35.657479; 139.748376 Tokugawa clan The Tokugawa clan ( Shinjitai : 徳川氏, Kyūjitai : 德川氏, Tokugawa-shi or Tokugawa-uji )

3960-466: The statues are accompanied by a small gift for Jizō, the guardian of unborn children, to ensure that they are brought to the afterlife. Occasionally stones are piled by the statue; this is meant to ease the journey to the afterlife. There is no admission fee for visitors to enter the temple complex. For the Treasure Gallery museum the access fee is (as of 2024, 700 yen ). The entrance is at

4026-608: The structure divide the governance into three sections: To the end of the Edo period they ruled Japan as shoguns . During the Edo period There were fifteen Tokugawa shoguns . Their dominance was so strong that some history books use the term "Tokugawa era" instead of "Edo period". Their principal family shrine is the Tōshō-gū in Nikkō , and their principal temples ( bodaiji ) are Kan'ei-ji and Zōjō-ji , both in Tokyo . Heirlooms of

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4092-597: The time of finding. Extracts from the register of stillbirths are restricted to those who have obtained consent from the Registrar General for England and Wales . Section 56(1) of the Registration of Births, Deaths and Marriages (Scotland) Act 1965 (as amended) contains the definition: "still-born child" means a child which has issued forth from its mother after the twenty-fourth week of pregnancy and which did not at any time after being completely expelled from its mother breathe or show any other signs of life, and

4158-525: The use of a kick chart to assist in detecting any changes. Fetal distress or death can be confirmed or ruled out via fetoscopy / doptone , ultrasound , and/or electronic fetal monitoring . If the fetus is alive but inactive, extra attention will be given to the placenta and umbilical cord during ultrasound examination to ensure that there is no compromise of oxygen and nutrient delivery. Some researchers have tried to develop models to identify, early on, pregnant women who may be at high risk of having

4224-402: Was adopted by his wife's family. Their provincial history book claimed that this original clan was Ariwara clan. Because this place is said to have been reclaimed by Ariwara Nobumori, one theory holds that Matsudaira clan was related to Ariwara no Narihira . Matsudaira Nobumitsu (15th century), son of Chikauji, was in charge of Okazaki Castle , and strengthened the authority of his family in

4290-549: Was located in Higashikamo District , Aichi Prefecture . Although Emperor Go-Yōzei offered a new symbol, Ieyasu continued to use the symbol, which was not related to Minamoto clan . In jidaigeki , the symbol is often shown to locate the story in the Edo period. In works set in during the Meiji Restoration movement, the symbol is used to show the bearer's allegiance to the shogunate—as opposed to

4356-443: Was the Tokugawa 's family temple . Tokugawa Ieyasu had the temple moved, first to Hibiya , then in 1590, at the time of expansion of Edo Castle , to its present location. With the fall of the Tokugawa shogunate , the grounds took on the character of a public park. The temple was badly damaged in World War II , but still retains the air of a major temple. At its peak the temple grounds had more than 120 buildings, but following

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