51-522: The Zeppelin Foundation is an institution founded by Ferdinand von Zeppelin . Originally founded to support development of zeppelins and other airships , it now owns a number of large businesses in full or in part and uses its income for philanthropic efforts. The Zeppelin Foundation, headquartered in Friedrichshafen , is a legally dependent municipality. Since 1947, the city has managed
102-680: A 1,020-square-mile (2,600 km ) area, the St. Louis River is the second largest U.S.-based AOC. As the largest tributary to Lake Superior, the St. Louis River is vital to the regional economy and encompasses the Port of Duluth-Superior, an essential port for Great Lakes shipping. Historical industrial use of the river, before the onset of modern environmental laws, has resulted in the degradation of habitat and sediments contaminated with: mercury, dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and other toxins. Pollutants in
153-453: A freshwater estuary . According to Warren Upham , the Ojibwe name of the river is Gichigami-ziibi (Great-lake River). He notes: "The river was probably so named by Pierre Gaultier de Varennes, sieur de La Vérendrye (1685–1749), who was a very active explorer, in the years 1731 and onward. Shortly before his death the king of France in 1749 conferred on him the cross of Saint Louis as
204-404: A ground-handling mishap caused the bows to be pulled into the water, damaging the forward control surfaces. Repairs were completed by 17 January 1906, when LZ 2 made its only flight. Too much ballast was jettisoned on takeoff, causing the airship to rise to an altitude of 427 m (1,401 ft). Here a stiff breeze was encountered, and although the airship was at first able to overcome this,
255-519: A payment to Schwartz's widow as compensation for dissolving this arrangement. Claims that Zeppelin had been influenced by Schwartz were denied by Eckener in 1938 and also rejected by later historians. Zeppelin's design was "radically different" in both its scale and its framework from that of Schwarz. On 2 July 1900, Zeppelin made the first flight with the LZ ;1 over Lake Constance near Friedrichshafen in southern Germany. The airship rose from
306-537: A recognition of the importance of his discoveries, and thence the name of the Saint Louis River appears to have come. On Jean-Baptiste-Louis Franquelin 's map (1688) and Philippe Buache 's map (1754), it is called the Rivière du Fond du Lac, and the map by Gilles Robert de Vaugondy (1755) and Jonathan Carver 's map (1778) is the earliest to give the present name." The river was a vital link connecting
357-684: A scheme to capitalise on the public enthusiasm for Zeppelin's airships by establishing a passenger-carrying business. Up until 1914 the German Aviation Association ( Deutsche Luftschiffahrtsgesellschaft or DELAG ) transported 37,250 people on over 1,600 flights without an incident. Within a few years the zeppelin revolution began creating the age of air transportation. During the First World War , Imperial Germany decided to deploy Zeppelins as long-distance bombers, launching numerous attacks upon Belgium, France, and
408-463: A skit in which Count Zeppelin ( Graham Chapman ) has taken various members of the government up in his ship for a promotional flight, only to get angry and throw each guest out of the ship's gondola (while still in the air) over the perceived insult of everyone referring to the craft as a balloon instead of his preferred airship or Zeppelin . Saint Louis River (Lake Superior tributary) The Saint Louis River (abbreviated St. Louis River )
459-456: A storm, was repaired: at the same time it was lengthened by 8 m. It was re-inflated on 21 October 1908 and after a series of short test flights a flight lasting 5 hours 55 minutes took place on 27 October with the Kaiser's brother, Admiral Prince Heinrich , on board. On 7 November, with Crown Prince William as a passenger, it flew 80 km (50 mi) to Donaueschingen , where
510-594: A storm. The airship's earlier flights had excited public interest in the development of the airships, and a subsequent collection campaign raised over 6 million German marks. The money was used to create the ' Luftschiffbau-Zeppelin GmbH ' and the Zeppelin foundation ( Zeppelin Stiftung ). Following the destruction of LZ 4, LZ 3, which had been damaged when the floating hangar broke free of its mooring during
561-530: A third airship, LZ 3 . This was the same size and configuration as LZ 2, but had a greater gas capacity. Finished by the end of the year, it made two successful flights at a speed of 30 miles per hour (48 km/h), and in 1907 attained a speed of 36 miles per hour (58 km/h). The success of LZ 3 produced a change in the official attitude to his work, and the Reichstag voted that he should be awarded 500,000 marks to continue his work. However
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#1732773075842612-463: Is a river in the U.S. states of Minnesota and Wisconsin that flows into Lake Superior . The largest U.S. river to flow into the lake, it is 192 miles (309 km) in length and starts 13 miles (21 km) east of Hoyt Lakes, Minnesota . The river's watershed covers 3,634 square miles (9,410 km ). Near the Twin Ports of Duluth, Minnesota and Superior, Wisconsin , the river becomes
663-688: Is frequented by those traveling the Minnesota DNR Saint Louis River Water Trail, which has campsites and angling. Attempts to introduce sturgeon are underway by restoring habitat, stocking the fish, and monitoring their movements. While native to the river at one time, overfishing and pollution nearly wiped them out many years ago. In 1983 the DNR, the Fond du Lac Band of Lake Superior Chippewa, and others began rebuilding spawning habitat and introducing baby sturgeon into
714-407: Is located near the mouth of the river and is the site of a canoe portage used by Native Americans, European explorers, fur traders, Voyageurs , coureurs des bois , and missionaries of the 18th and 19th centuries. It was a rough trail of steep hills and swamps that began at the foot of the rapids above the neighborhood of Fond du Lac ("bottom of the lake") and climbed some 450 feet (140 m) to
765-437: Is said to have been the inspiration of his later interest in aeronautics. Zeppelin's ideas for large airships were first expressed in a diary entry dated 25 March 1874. Inspired by a recent lecture given by Heinrich von Stephan on the subject of "World Postal Services and Air Travel", he outlined the basic principle of his later craft: a large rigidly-framed outer envelope containing a number of separate gasbags. In 1887,
816-592: The Association of German Engineers (VDI) so impressed them that the VDI launched a public appeal for financial support for him. This led to a first contact with Carl Berg who supplied aluminium alloys which Zeppelin had tested, and by May 1898 they, together with Philipp Holzmann , Daimler, Max von Eyth , Carl von Linde , and Friedrich Voith , had formed the joint stock company Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Luftschiffahrt . Zeppelin invested 441,000 Marks, over half
867-881: The Austro-Sardinian War interrupted this study in 1859 when he was called up to the Ingenieurkorps (Würtemberg engineering corps ) at Ulm . In 1863, Zeppelin took leave to act as an observer for the Union's Army of the Potomac in the American Civil War in Virginia. Later, he travelled to the Upper Midwest with a party that probably included two Russians. Led by Native American (probably Ojibwe ) guides, they canoed and portaged from
918-454: The LZ 5 was built and accepted into Army service as L II, Zeppelin's relationship with the military authorities continued to be poor, and deteriorated considerably due to his criticism of the Army following the loss of L II, which was carried away from its moorings and wrecked on 25 April 1910. However, the business director of Luftschiffbau-Zeppelin, Alfred Colsman , came up with
969-600: The Mississippi River waterways to the west with the Great Lakes to the east. In the late 1800s and early 1900s, the St. Louis River competed with the St. Croix River as a candidate for a canal linking the Mississippi River with the Great Lakes. The US Army Corps of Engineers ultimately concluded in 1913 that such a canal would be "inadvisable, infeasible, and impractical". Jay Cooke State Park
1020-490: The AOC are also due to: historical discharges, Superfund sites, discharges from wastewater and from landfills, and other point-source discharges within the AOC. An impairment of beneficial uses means a change in the chemical, physical or biological integrity of the Great Lakes system sufficient to cause significant environmental degradation . A 1992 Remedial Action Plan determined that nine "beneficial use impairments" existed in
1071-538: The AOC including: As shown above, some of these impairments have already been removed. Once all nine Beneficial Use Impairments have been removed, application can be made for delisting, which means the ecological benefits of the St. Louis River have been restored to an acceptable level. The river is fished for walleye , northern pike , smallmouth bass , largemouth bass , bluegill , black crappie , and channel catfish populations. Other species of rough fish include Shorthead Redhorse and White Sucker . The river
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#17327730758421122-469: The French. Duttenhofer wrote to Gross threatening to withdraw support, and Zeppelin shortly afterwards sacked Gross, citing Gross's lack of support and writing that he was "an obstacle in my path". Despite these setbacks, Zeppelin's organization had refined his idea: a rigid aluminium framework covered in a fabric envelope; separate multiple internal gas cells, each free to expand and contract thus obviating
1173-666: The Great Lakes designated under the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement ;in 1987. It is a bi-state (Minnesota and Wisconsin) AOC. The AOC boundary includes the lower 39 miles (63 km) of the St. Louis River, from upstream of Cloquet , Minnesota, to its mouth at the Duluth/Superior Harbor and Lake Superior, and the Nemadji River watershed. Draining 3,634 square miles (9,410 km ) of watershed and encompassing
1224-582: The Kaiser was then staying. In spite of poor weather conditions, the flight succeeded: two days later LZ 3 was officially accepted by the Government and on 10 November Zeppelin was rewarded with an official visit to Friedrichshafen by the Kaiser, during which a short demonstration flight over Lake Constance was made and Zeppelin awarded the Order of the Black Eagle . Although a replacement for LZ 4,
1275-537: The King of Württemberg, who authorised a state lottery which raised 124,000 marks. A contribution of 50,000 marks was received from Prussia, and Zeppelin raised the remainder of the necessary money by mortgaging his wife's estates. Still supported by Daimler and Carl Berg, construction of his second airship, the LZ 2 , was started in April 1905. It was completed by 30 November, when it was first taken out of its hangar, but
1326-593: The Union Army during the American Civil War . During the Peninsular Campaign , he visited the balloon camp of Thaddeus S. C. Lowe shortly after Lowe's services were terminated by the Army. Von Zeppelin then travelled to St. Paul, MN where the German-born former Army balloonist John Steiner offered tethered flights. His first ascent in a balloon, made at Saint Paul, Minnesota during this visit,
1377-580: The United Kingdom . Count Everhard von Zeppelin, Second Lieutenant in the German Lancers, married November 1895, Mary "Mamie" McGarvey, daughter of Canadian magnate William Henry McGarvey , owner of the oil wells of Galicia and his wife, Helena J. Weslowska. A former Count von Zeppelin married a granddaughter of the 1st Earl of Ranfurly . Count Zeppelin died early in 1917, before the end of World War I . He did not live to witness either
1428-859: The beginning of his thinking about dirigible lighter-than-air craft to this experience. In 1865, Zeppelin was appointed adjutant of the King of Württemberg and as general staff officer participated in the Austro-Prussian War of 1866. He was awarded the Ritterkreuz (Knight's Cross) of the Military Merit Order of Württemberg . In the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–1871 a reconnaissance mission behind enemy lines, during which he narrowly avoided capture, made him famous among many Germans. From 1882 until 1885, Zeppelin
1479-436: The crew and engines, was 117.35 m (385.0 ft) long with a gas capacity of 9514 cu m (336,000 cu ft): the middle section was 16 m (52 ft 6 in) long with an intended useful load of 599 kg (1,321 lb) and the rear section 39.93 m (131.0 ft) long with an intended load of 1,996 kg (4,400 lb) In early 1896, Zeppelin's lecture on steerable airship designs given to
1530-539: The design in July. One month later, in August 1895, Zeppelin received a patent for Kober's design, described as an "airship-train" ( Lenkbarer Luftfahrzug mit mehreren hintereinanderen angeordneten Tragkörpern [Steerable airship-train with several carrier structures arranged one behind another].) The patent describes an airship consisting of three rigid sections flexibly connected. The front section, intended to contain
1581-480: The failure of the forward engine due to cooling problems followed by the failure of the other due to a broken clutch-spring left the airship at the mercy of the wind. It was brought down near Kisslegg in the Allgäu mountains, with some damage caused by the stern's striking some trees during mooring, but was more severely damaged by high winds the following night, and had to be dismantled. In May 1906, work started on
Zeppelin Foundation - Misplaced Pages Continue
1632-832: The funds and ensures that they are used for their intended purpose. The foundation holds 93.8% of the shares of ZF Friedrichshafen and is the owner of Luftschiffbau Zeppelin and Zeppelin GmbH. The foundation finances various charitable purposes, including Zeppelin University and the Zeppelin Museum . This article about an organisation based in Germany is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Ferdinand von Zeppelin Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin ( German : Ferdinand Adolf Heinrich August Graf von Zeppelin ; 8 July 1838 – 8 March 1917)
1683-468: The ground and remained in the air for 20 minutes, but was damaged on landing. After repairs and some modifications two further flights were made by LZ 1 in October 1900, However the airship was not considered successful enough to justify investment by the government, and since the experiments had exhausted Count Zeppelin's funds, he was forced to suspend his work. Zeppelin still enjoyed the support of
1734-495: The house of Alt-Schwanenburg (located in the present-day town of Gulbene in Latvia, then part of Livonia ). They had a daughter, Helene (Hella) von Zeppelin (1879–1967) who in 1909 married Graf Alexander von Brandenstein-Zeppelin (1881–1949). Ferdinand had a nephew Baron Max von Gemmingen [ de ] , who volunteered at the start of World War I, after he was past military age, to become general staff officer assigned to
1785-470: The lower Saint Louis River Basin. WLSSD's regional wastewater treatment plant began operating in 1978. Within two years, fish populations rebounded and anglers began returning to the river. In 2013 the State of Minnesota ended a project intended to research the mercury problem in the river. The cooperating agencies, including Wisconsin DNR and the Fond du Lac Band of Lake Superior Chippewa, did not agree to end
1836-434: The military airship LZ 12 Sachsen . In 1853, Count Zeppelin left to attend the polytechnic at Stuttgart, and in 1855 he became a cadet of the military school at Ludwigsburg and then started his career as an army officer in the army of Württemberg . By 1858, Zeppelin had been promoted to lieutenant , and that year he was given leave to study science, engineering and chemistry at Tübingen . Würtemberg's mobilising for
1887-623: The need for ballonets ; modular frame allowing addition of sections and gas cells; controls, engines and gondola rigidly attached. After publishing the idea in March 1892 he hired the engineer Theodor Kober who started work testing and further refining the design. Zeppelin submitted Kober's 1893 detailed designs to the Prussian Airship Service , whose committee reviewed it in 1894. In June 1895 this committee recommended minimum funds be granted, but withdrew this offer and rejected
1938-557: The present-day city of Carlton . Above Carlton, travelers proceeded upstream and continued on to Lake Vermillion and the Rainy River. Or they may have traveled southwest up the East Savanna River, portaged the grueling 6-mile long Savanna Portage (now a state park), and then paddled on to the Mississippi River. By the mid 20th century, the lower Saint Louis River became one of the most heavily polluted waterways in
1989-629: The provisional shutdown of the Zeppelin project due to the Treaty of Versailles or the second resurgence of the Zeppelins under his successor Hugo Eckener . The unfinished World War II German aircraft carrier Graf Zeppelin , and two rigid airships, the world-circling LZ 127 Graf Zeppelin , and LZ 130 Graf Zeppelin II , twin to the Hindenburg , were named after him. In 1975, Zeppelin
2040-491: The purchase by the Government of an airship was made conditional on the successful completion of a 24‑hour trial flight. Knowing that this was beyond the capabilities of LZ 3, work was started on a larger airship, the LZ 4 . This first flew on 20 June 1908. The final financial breakthrough only came after the Zeppelin LZ ;4 was destroyed by fire at Echterdingen after breaking free of its moorings during
2091-414: The river. In 2016 MPR reported, "Slowly, steadily, numbers increased as the stocked fish took hold in the river. Five years ago, tribal biologists found their first fry from naturally reproducing sturgeon, a sign that a healthy fish population could grow on its own. Minnesota even began allowing catch-and-release fishing last year." The Saint Louis River Trail Association is planning the construction of
Zeppelin Foundation - Misplaced Pages Continue
2142-536: The state. Holling Clancy Holling , in his 1941 book Paddle-to-the-Sea , illustrated the polluted state of the Saint Louis River. In 1987, the river became a designated Area of Concern, administered by the Environmental Protection Agency as a result of significant sediment contamination and habitat loss (see next section). The Western Lake Superior Sanitary District (WLSSD) was established in 1971 to address serious pollution problems in
2193-568: The study. In 2024, the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency began the process to develop a St. Louis River Watershed Mercury Total Maximum Daily Load, with a goal of obtaining EPA approval in 2027. High levels of mercury in fish tissue have resulted in the issuance of fish consumption guidance by the Minnesota Department of Health. The St. Louis River Area of Concern (AOC) is one of 43 AOCs across
2244-606: The success of Charles Renard and Arthur Krebs ' 1884 airship La France prompted him to send a letter to the King of Württemberg about the military necessity for dirigibles and the lack of German development in this field. After his resignation from the army in 1891 at age 52, Zeppelin devoted his full attention to airships. He hired the engineer Theodor Gross to make tests of possible materials and to assess available engines for both fuel efficiency and power-to-weight ratio. He also had air propellers tested and strove to obtain higher purity hydrogen gas from suppliers. Zeppelin
2295-486: The total capital. Actual construction then started of what was to be the first successful rigid airship, the Zeppelin LZ1 . Berg's involvement with the project later led to allegations that Zeppelin had used the patent and designs of David Schwarz 's airship of 1897. Berg had signed a contract with Schwartz under the terms of which he undertook not to supply aluminium to any other airship manufacturer. He later made
2346-596: The western end of Lake Superior up the St. Louis River and across to Crow Wing, Minnesota , on the Upper Mississippi River. On reaching St. Paul (via stagecoach and hired carriage), Zeppelin encountered German-born itinerant balloonist John Steiner and made his first aerial ascent with him from a site near the International Hotel in downtown St. Paul on 19 August. Many years later he attributed
2397-524: Was a German general and later inventor of the Zeppelin rigid airships. His name became synonymous with airships and dominated long-distance flight until the 1930s. He founded the company Luftschiffbau Zeppelin . Ferdinand was the scion of a noble family [ de ] . Zepelin , the family's eponymous hometown, is a small community outside the town of Bützow in Mecklenburg . Ferdinand
2448-545: Was commander of the 19th Uhlans in Ulm, and was then appointed to be the envoy of Württemberg in Berlin. In 1890, he gave up this post to return to army service, being given command of a Prussian cavalry brigade. His handling of this at the 1890 autumn manoeuvres was severely criticised and he was forced to retire from the Army, albeit with the rank of generalleutnant . Ferdinand von Zeppelin served as an official observer with
2499-598: Was inducted into the International Air & Space Hall of Fame . The name of the British rock group Led Zeppelin derives from his airships. His granddaughter Countess Eva von Zeppelin once threatened to sue them for illegal use of their family name while they were performing in Copenhagen . A 1974 episode of Monty Python's Flying Circus ( Series 4, Episode 1, The Golden Age Of Ballooning ) features
2550-718: Was so confident of his concept that in June 1891 he wrote to the King of Württemberg's secretary, announcing he was to start building, and shortly after requested a review from the Prussian Army's Chief of General Staff. The next day Zeppelin almost gave up as he realized he had underestimated air resistance, but resumed work on hearing that Hans Bartsch von Sigsfeld made light but powerful engines, information soon shown to be overoptimistic. Whereupon Zeppelin urged his supporter Max von Duttenhofer to press Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft for more efficient engines so as not to fall behind
2601-401: Was the son of Württemberg Minister and Hofmarschall Friedrich Jerôme Wilhelm Karl Graf von Zeppelin (1807–1886) and his wife Amélie Françoise Pauline (born Macaire d'Hogguer) (1816–1852). Ferdinand spent his childhood with his sister and brother at their Girsberg manor near Konstanz , where he was educated by private tutors. Ferdinand married Isabella Freiin von Wolff in Berlin. She was from
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