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39-597: Vladimir Zworykin was born in Murom , Russia, in 1888 or 1889, to the family of a prosperous merchants . He had a relatively calm upbringing, and he rarely saw his father except on religious holidays. He studied at the St. Petersburg Institute of Technology , under Boris Rosing . He helped Rosing with experimental work on television in the basement of Rosing's private lab at the School of Artillery of Saint Petersburg . They worked on

78-469: A PhD from the University of Pittsburgh , his experiments were directed at improving the output of photoelectric cells. There were, however, limits to how far one could go along these lines, and so, in 1929, Zworykin returned to vibrating mirrors and facsimile transmission, filing patents describing these. At this time, however, he was also experimenting with an improved cathode ray receiving tube, filing

117-612: A Zworykin Award , the prize being travelling funds to the award's presentation at a World Congress. Zworykin died on July 29, 1982, in Princeton, New Jersey . His wife Katherine died on February 18, 1985. Throughout his steady rise in rank, Zworykin remained involved in the many important developments of RCA and received several outstanding honours, including, in 1934, the Morris Liebmann Memorial Prize from

156-670: A Russian-born professor of bacteriology at the University of Pennsylvania . It was the second marriage for both. The ceremony was in Burlington, New Jersey . A photographic record of his marriage and worldwide tour can be viewed online. He retired in 1954. New frontiers in medical engineering and biological engineering appealed to him, and he became a founder and first president of the International Federation for Medical and Biological Engineering . The Federation continues to honor outstanding research engineering with

195-606: A bell-tower (1652), a wooden church of St. Sergius, and stone walls. It is rivaled by the Annunciation Monastery, founded in the reign of Ivan the Terrible to house the relics of local princes and containing a cathedral from 1664. Two last-mentioned cathedrals, being probably the works of the same masters, have much in common with the Resurrection Church (1658) in the downtown. Quite different

234-440: A functioning transmitter tube before 1931. Farnsworth had lost two interference claims to Zworykin in 1928, but this time he prevailed and the U.S. Patent Office rendered a decision in 1934 awarding priority of the invention of the image dissector to Farnsworth. RCA lost a subsequent appeal, but litigation over a variety of issues continued for several years with Sarnoff finally agreeing to pay Farnsworth royalties. Zworykin received

273-711: A patent application for this in November 1929, and introducing the new receiver that he named the "kinescope", reading a paper two days later at a convention of the Institute of Radio Engineers . Having developed the prototype of the receiver by December, Zworykin met David Sarnoff , who eventually hired him and put him in charge of television development for the Radio Corporation of America (RCA) at its factories and laboratories in Camden, New Jersey . The move to

312-532: A patent in 1928 for a color transmission version of his 1923 patent application; he also divided his original application in 1931, receiving a patent in 1935, while a second one was eventually issued in 1938 by the Court of Appeals on a non-Farnsworth-related interference case, and over the objection of the Patent Office. Zworykin married for a second time in 1951. His wife was Katherine Polevitzky (1888–1985),

351-518: A program of professional recognition, through the membership grade of IRE Fellow. The first Fellow was Jonathan Zenneck (1871–1959), a pioneer of wireless telegraphy . Until the early 1940s IRE was a relatively small engineering organization, but the growing importance of electronic communications and the emergence of the discipline of electronics in the 1940s have increased its appeal to practitioners. Students of electrical engineering and young electrical engineers favored IRE over its older rival,

390-435: A statue which shows Ilya holding the hilt of his sword in the left hand and a cross in the right. On June 30, 1961, Murom was the site of a spontaneous protest and riot against the police and Soviet authorities, following the death in police custody of a senior factory foreman named Kostikov. Within the framework of administrative divisions , Murom serves as the administrative center of Muromsky District , even though it

429-489: A very early cathode-ray tube as a receiver, and a mechanical device as a transmitter. Its demonstration in 1911, based on an improved design, was the world's first demonstration of TV of any kind. Zworykin married Tatiana Vasilieva in 1916, they had two daughters (the couple separated in the early 1930s). Zworykin graduated in 1912. He then studied X-rays under professor Paul Langevin in Paris. During World War I , Zworykin

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468-616: Is listed in the Russian-American Chamber of Fame of Congress of Russian Americans , which is dedicated to Russian immigrants who made outstanding contributions to American science or culture. Murom Murom ( Russian : Муром , IPA: [ˈmurəm] ) is a historical city in Vladimir Oblast , Russia , which sprawls along the west bank of the Oka River . It borders Nizhny Novgorod Oblast and

507-642: Is not a part of it. As an administrative division, it is incorporated separately as the Cit] of Murom — an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts . As a municipal division , the territory of the City of Murom together with nine rural localities in Muromsky District are incorporated as Murom Urban Okrug . Murom has since 1941 and the Great Patriotic War against

546-624: Is situated 137 kilometres (85 mi) from the administrative center Vladimir . Its population as of the 2021 Census was 107,497. In the 9th century AD, the city marked the easternmost settlement of the East Slavs in the land of the Finnic Muromians . The Primary Chronicle mentions it as early as AD 862. It is, thus, one of the oldest cities in Russia. Circa 900 AD, it was an important trading post from Volga Bulgaria to

585-607: Is the tent-like church of Sts. Cosmas and Damian, built in 1565 on the bank of the Oka to commemorate the Russian conquest of Kazan . Murom is twinned with: Among notable natives are the father of color photography , Sergey Prokudin-Gorsky (1863), the painter Ivan Kulikov (1875) and the father of television , Vladimir Zworykin (1888) and Russian physicist Igor Irodov . Saints Peter and Fevronia. Institute of Radio Engineers The Institute of Radio Engineers ( IRE )

624-582: The Baltic Sea . Between AD 1010 and AD 1393, it was the capital of a separate principality, whose rulers included Saint Gleb , assassinated in AD 1015 and canonized in AD 1071, Saint Prince Konstantin the Blessed , and Saints Peter and Fevronia of Murom , subjects of an opera by Rimsky-Korsakov . It was believed to be the home town of the most celebrated East Slavic epic hero, Ilya Muromets . The town has

663-842: The Faraday Medal from Great Britain (1965), and a member of the U.S. National Hall of Fame from 1977. He received the first Eduard Rhein Ring of Honor from the German Eduard Rhein Foundation in 1980. From 1952 to 1986, the IEEE made awards to worthy engineers in the name of Vladimir K. Zworykin. More recently the Zworykin Award has been bestowed by the International Federation for Medical and Biological Engineering . The most complete list of Zworykin's awards can be found online at historyTV.net . Zworykin

702-724: The Institute of Radio Engineers . In 1941, he was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences . He was awarded the Howard N. Potts Medal from The Franklin Institute in 1947. He was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1948. He was named honorary vice president of RCA in 1954. In 1966, the National Academy of Sciences , of which he was a member, awarded him

741-612: The National Medal of Science for his contributions to the instruments of science, engineering, and television and for his stimulation of the application of engineering to medicine. In 1967, Zworykin received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement . He was founder-president of the International Federation for Medical Electronics and Biological Engineering, a recipient of

780-589: The Nazis played host to the JSC Murom instrument making plant (MIMP) which produces the means of initiation and ignition of ammunition, as well as various pyrotechnic devices . It is a subsidiary of Rostec State Corporation . The MIMP was sanctioned on 23.06.2023 in the EU's 11th package of sanctions in response to Russia's invasion of Ukraine . Murom still retains many marks of antiquity. The Savior monastery , one of

819-555: The Westinghouse laboratories in Pittsburgh where he eventually had an opportunity to engage in television experiments. Zworykin applied for a television patent in the U.S. in 1923. He summarized the resulting invention in two patent applications. The first, entitled "Television Systems", was filed on December 29, 1923, and was followed by a second application in 1925 of essentially the same content, but with minor changes and

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858-538: The AIEE, and in 1957 IRE (with 57,000 members) was the larger organization. Negotiations about merging the two organizations started that year and continued until a new joint organization, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) was established in 1963. Several new professional organizations (such as the Society of Broadcast Engineers ), were founded shortly thereafter by IRE and AIEE members who opposed

897-670: The French and British patents of 1928 priority by the Hungarian inventor Kálmán Tihanyi whom the company had approached in July 1930, after the publication of his patents in England and France. This was a curious design, one where the scanning electron beam would strike the photoelectric cell from the same side where the optical image was cast. Even more importantly, it was a system characterized by an operation based on an entirely new principle,

936-570: The IRE established professional journals (most notably the Proceedings of the IRE , established 1913 and edited for 41 years by Alfred N. Goldsmith ); participated actively in all aspects of standardization and regulations of the frequency spectrum, modulation techniques, testing methods, and radio equipment ; and organized regional and professional groups (starting in 1914 and 1948, respectively) for cooperation and exchange between members. The IRE

975-526: The RCA's Camden laboratories occurred in the spring of 1930, and the difficult task of developing a transmitter could begin. There was an in-house evaluation in mid-1930, where the kinescope performed well (but with only 60 lines definition), and the transmitter was still of a mechanical type. A "breakthrough" would come when the Zworykin team decided to develop a new type of cathode ray transmitter, one described in

1014-603: The Society of Wireless Telegraph Engineers (SWTE) and the Wireless Institute (TWI). At the time, the dominant organization of electrical engineers was the American Institute of Electrical Engineers (AIEE). Many of the founding members of IRE considered AIEE too conservative and too focused on electric power . Moreover, the founders of the IRE sought to establish an international organization (unlike

1053-631: The U.S. at the end of 1918. He returned to Omsk , then capital of Admiral Kolchak 's government in 1919, via Vladivostok , then to the United States again on official duties from the Omsk government . These duties ended with the collapse of the White movement in Siberia at the death of Kolchak. Zworykin then decided to remain permanently in the United States. Once in the U.S., Zworykin found work at

1092-407: The addition of a Paget-type RGB  raster screen for color transmission and reception. He was awarded a patent for the 1925 application in 1928, and two patents for the 1923 application that was divided in 1931, although the equipment described was never successfully demonstrated. Zworykin described cathode-ray tubes as both transmitter and receiver. The operation, whose basic thrust was to prevent

1131-723: The emission of electrons between scansion cycles, was reminiscent of A. A. Campbell Swinton 's proposal published in Nature in June 1908. The demonstration given (sometime in late 1925 or early 1926) by Zworykin was far from a success with the Westinghouse management, even though it showed the possibilities inherent in a system based on the cathode-ray tube. He was told by management to "devote his time to more practical endeavours," yet continued his efforts to perfect his system. As attested by his doctoral dissertation of 1926, earning him

1170-530: The merger. The first president of IRE was Robert H. Marriott , chief engineer of the Wireless Company of America. Other notable presidents of the IRE included Irving Langmuir (1923), John H. Morecroft (1924), Lee deForest (1930), Louis A. Hazeltine (1936), Frederick E. Terman (1941), Arthur F. Van Dyck (1942), William R. Hewlett (1954), Ernst Weber (1959; also first president of IEEE, 1963) and Patrick E. Haggerty (1962). The IRE issued

1209-441: The most ancient in Russia, was first chronicled in 1096, when Oleg of Chernigov besieged it and killed Vladimir Monomakh 's son Izyaslav, who is buried there. In 1552, the monastery was visited by Ivan the Terrible who commissioned a stone cathedral, which was followed by other churches. The Trinity convent, where the relics of Sts. Peter and Fevronia are displayed, features a fine cathedral (1642–1643), Kazan church (1652),

Vladimir K. Zworykin - Misplaced Pages Continue

1248-555: The principle of the accumulation and storage of charges during the entire time between two scansions by the cathode-ray beam. According to Albert Abramson, Zworykin's experiments started in April 1931, and after the achievement of the first promising experimental transmitters, on October 23, 1931, it was decided that the new camera tube would be named the iconoscope . Zworykin first presented his iconoscope to RCA in 1932. He continued work on it, and "[t]he image iconoscope, presented in 1934,

1287-434: The problem of "electrical telescopy," something Zworykin had never heard of before. At this time, electrical telescopy (or television as it was later called) was just a dream. Zworykin did not know that others had been studying the idea since the 1880s, or that Professor Rosing had been working on it in secret since 1902 and had made excellent progress. Rosing had filed his first patent on a television system in 1907, featuring

1326-439: The “American” AIEE), and adopted a tradition of electing some of the IRE's officers from outside the United States. In the first half of the 20th century, radio communications had experienced great expansion, and the growing professional community of developers and operators of radio systems required standardization, research, and authoritative dissemination of new results among practitioners and researchers. To meet these needs,

1365-911: Was a major participant in planning of the Federal Radio Commission (established 1927; later the Federal Communications Commission ), and worked in close cooperation with the National Electrical Manufacturers Association , the Radio Manufacturers Association , the Radio and Television Manufacturers Association, and the National Television System Committee on Standards . The IRE also started (in 1914)

1404-542: Was a professional organization which existed from 1912 until December 31, 1962. On January 1, 1963, it merged with the American Institute of Electrical Engineers (AIEE) to form the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). Following several attempts to form a technical organization of wireless practitioners in 1908–1912, the Institute of Radio Engineers (IRE) was finally established in 1912 in New York City . Among its founding organizations were

1443-493: Was a result of a collaboration between Zworykin and RCA's licensee Telefunken . ... In 1935 the Reichspost started the public broadcastings using this tube and applying a 180 lines system." RCA filed an interference suit against rival television scientist Philo Farnsworth , claiming Zworykin's 1923 patent had priority over Farnsworth's design, despite the fact it could present no evidence that Zworykin had actually produced

1482-783: Was enlisted and served in the Russian Signal Corps. He then worked testing radio equipment that was being produced for the Russian Army. Zworykin left Russia for the United States in 1918 during the Russian Civil War . He left through Siberia , travelling north on the River Ob to the Arctic Ocean as part of an expedition led by Russian scientist Innokenty P. Tolmachev , eventually arriving in

1521-609: Was inducted into the New Jersey Inventor's Hall of Fame and the National Inventors Hall of Fame . Additionally, Tektronix in Beaverton, Oregon has named a street on its campus after Zworykin. In 1995 University of Illinois Press published Zworykin, Pioneer of Television by Albert Abramson. In 2010 Leonid Parfyonov produced a documentary film "Zvorykin-Muromets" about Zworykin. Zworykin

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