Agʿazi is the name of a region of the Aksumite Empire in what consists today of Eastern Tigray and central-south Eritrea .
41-412: The earliest attestation of this name can be found in the determined nisba -form yg'ḏyn in three pre-Aksumite Royal inscriptions: [rb]h/mlkn/sr'n/yg'ḏyn/mkrb/d'mt/web ' 'RBH, the victorious king, he of (the tribe?) YG'Ḏ, mukarrib of D'MT and SB' (RIE 8:1-2); lmn/mlkn/sr'n/yg/ḏyn/mkrb/d'mt/wsb'/bn/rbb 'LMN, the victorious king he of (the tribe?) YG'Ḏ, mukarrib of D'MT and SB', son of RBH' (RIE 5 A:1-2,
82-486: A one party national Assembly governed by People's Front for Democracy and Justice (PFDJ) (originally Eritrean Liberation Front ), an authoritarian government. From the time of independence since 30 May 1991, the country has been continuing with a transitional government elected during the elections in April 1993. The scheduled elections in 2001 has been postponed indefinitely. The regional and local elections are conducted on
123-791: A region of Punt. During the early medieval centuries, it was ruled by the Raesis of the Hazega and Tseazega Raesi Woldemichael Solomon Gomida and the Bahri negasi making their center of administration in Debarwa . According to Francisco Álvares , writing in the early 16th century, the Raesi of the Tseazegas (Habtesulus) had been able to collect tax by extending their authority almost as far as Suakin in modern Sudan . Hamsien appears on indigenous maps of
164-473: A result the book was lost/burnt at that time. The people of Serae were administered without the book verbally until the arrival of the Italians in the end of the 19th century. In 1938 again the book of native law code was written of elderly and knowledgeable people from seven villages (Adi Mongonti, Mayduma, Kudo Felasi, Bet Gabriel, Qine Hayela, Adi Hyis, and May Leham) representing the whole awraja Serae except
205-465: A vague notion of historical tradition in Northeast Africa . Akele Guzai The provinces of Eritrea existed since pre-Axumite times and became administrative provinces from Eritrea 's incorporation as a colony of Italy until the conversion of the provinces into administrative regions. Many of the provinces had their own local laws since the 13th century. In Italian Eritrea ,
246-570: Is an administrative region of Eritrea . It lies along the northern three quarters of the Red Sea , and includes the Dahlak Archipelago and the coastal city of Massawa . As of 2005, the region had a population of 653,300 compared to a population of 576,200 in 2001. The net growth rate was 11.80 per cent. The total area of the province was 27800.00 km and the density was 23.50 persons per km . The Northern Red Sea Region borders
287-673: Is an ancient entity which was a region of the Kingdom of D'mt , which would evolve in the Kingdom of Aksum . During the Zagwe and Solomonic dynasties , the Bahr Negash would be centered in Debarwa in the province of Seraye. Historically Serae includes Tigray proper ( Adwa / Shire / Axum ) and was home of the Aksumite capital of Axum town and it was bounded by lands of Akele Guzay in
328-636: Is now mostly part of the Northern Red Sea Region and the Southern Region . Akele Guzai is one of the most ancient regions of Eritrea. It has an inscriptional record going back to at least the 9th century BC, the earliest example of the Ge'ez script . The province was part of Dʿmt , which would evolve into the Kingdom of Aksum . Akele Guzai's name has been connected to the Gaze of
369-584: The Anseba , Maekel (Central) and Debub (Southern) regions to the west, and the Southern Red Sea Region to the east. It has an area of around 27,800 km . The lowest point in Eritrea, Lake Kulul , is in this region. The topography of the region has coastal plains, which are hotter than the regions around the highland plateau. There are two rainy seasons, the heavier one during summer and
410-607: The Debub Region, though some western districts have become part of the Gash-Barka region. It is believed that the name of the province is from the "dark forests" which once thrived on its fertile ground. Today the region is home to twelve monasteries of the Eritrean Orthodox Church as well as a number of new factories in the town of Mendefera . Serae/Seraye which in old books called as Sarawi (ሰራዊ)
451-634: The Monumentum Adulitanum (which later medieval Greek notes in the margins associate with the Aksumite people ). If the note regarding the Gaze is accurate, it would connect the name of Akele Guzai to the Agʿazyān or Agʿazi (Ge'ez speakers) of the Kingdom of Dʿmt in Eritrea and northern Ethiopia . This connection has been rejected by linguists in modern times, however, due to the lack of
SECTION 10
#1732790838808492-437: The 15th century. The Bahr Negash existed until the 1600s. The province had its own written native administration codes that was used from the beginning of the 1400AD, which was named as the law of Adkeme-Miligae . The book existed until the come of the anti Christian jihadist Ahmad Gragn in the 1600s, burning churches and killing the believers and progressing northwards from present-day eastern Ethiopia and Somaliland, as
533-629: The Aksumites. Until now they are called Agaze". The reconstruction [ag]āzә[yān] in RIE 264 from Zafār (Yemen) (late 5th-early 6th century AD) has been proposed by Müller, but the fragment is too badly damaged to provide any help as to who could be meant by this name. Another attestation is found in Abraha 's Sabaean dam-inscription CIH 541 from Mārib (dated 543/548 AD), where he calls himself mlkn gzyn ("The Ag'azyan King"). A connection between agāzī and
574-706: The Eritrean highlands, in Eritrea and the whole region. The former province Hamassien was the political and economic center of Eritrea; judging from excavations in the Sembel area outside Asmara, it has been so since at least the 9th century BC. The earliest surviving appearance of the name "Hamasien" is believed to have been the region ḤMS²M, i.e. ḤMŠ, mentioned in a Sabaic inscription of the Axumite king Ezana . The region may have been mentioned as early as Puntite times by Ancient Egyptian records as 'MSW (i.e. "Amasu"),
615-699: The Federated Eritrean Government from 1952 to 1962 and as districts ( awrajja ) in Eritrea when it was annexed by Ethiopia from 1962 to 1991. After independence , the Provisional Government of Eritrea converted the original eight provinces of Eritrea (from the Italian colonial period) to nine provinces by splitting the Barka province in two (the north known as Barka Province and the south as Gash-Setit Province), while at
656-707: The International League for the Rights and Liberation of Peoples declares that "There was no administration that connected Serae and Hamassien to the centre of the Ethiopian Kingdom. Most of Serae and Akeleguzay are together now inside the Southern region of Eritrea. Northern Red Sea Region The Northern Red Sea Region ( Tigrinya : ዞባ ሰሜናዊ ቀይሕ ባሕሪ , romanized: Zoba Semienawi Keyih Bahri , Arabic : إقليم شمال البحر الأحمر ),
697-473: The Italian colonial administration had divided the colony into eight provinces (administrative regions) called Akele Guzay (its capital, Adikeyh), Barka (Agordat), Denkalia (Assab), Hamasien (Asmara), Sahel (Nakfa), Semhar (Massawa), Senhit (Keren) and Serae (Mendefera). These administrative regions relied heavily upon the historical political boundaries in the region, including, but not exclusively, that of local nobility. These provinces of Eritrea were also used by
738-606: The Logo Tchiwa which had its own codes in addition to the Adkeme-Miligae . This Law had more liberal customs and low restrictions on women's rights for land ownership than any other laws in the country. Despite the emperor of Ethiopia 's allegations and grants of control of the country of the Bahri negesitat the Zagwe and Solomonic dynasties , the 1984 Proceedings of the Permanent Peoples' Tribunal of
779-418: The capital of the sovereign country of Eritrea. Sahel was a former province of Eritrea until 1996, when it was absorbed into the present-day Northern Red Sea region. Its capital was Nakfa . Semhar is the name of a former province of Eritrea, which has now become almost incorporated into the Northern Red Sea Region when the number and names of provinces were unilaterally changed in 1996. The province
820-557: The east, Hamassien in the North, it borders Temben, Endrta and Wolkayt to the south and Gash-Setit in the west During this Axumite period, the region became a successful trading region as it lay between the Red Sea port of Adulis , Asmara, and Axum . In his tablet, Ezana mentions several peoples he had subjugated and refers to himself as the ruler of Aksum , Himyar , Sheba (Saba') and Rydan in Yemen . He also mentions 'Sarawi' as one of
861-587: The fall of Aksum as a united kingdom after the Hamiti Beja tribes overran the Eritrean highlands in the 8th century A.D., the province serae formed an independent state under the administration of its ruler who was called 'Cantibai'. Some scholars wrote that the name Serae origin comes from the Sarat or Sarawat Mountains in South Arabia. Serae appears on indigenous maps of the northern Horn of Africa in
SECTION 20
#1732790838808902-549: The larger province of Bur , which also included Agame , some northeastern Afar lowlands , and the Buri Peninsula ; southern Akele Guzai and Agame were part of "Upper" (La'ilay) Bur, while the lowlands were further distinguished as "Lower" (Tahtay). Barka was a province of Eritrea until 1996, when it was divided between the present-day Gash-Barka and Anseba regions. Its capital was Agordat . It had an area of 12,819 mi (20630.180736000002 km ). Denkalia
943-448: The lighter one during spring. The climate and geography of the region along with other regions of Eritrea is similar to the one of Ethiopia . The hottest month is May recording temperatures up to 30 °C (86 °F), while the coldest month is December to February when it reaches freezing temperature. The region received around 508 mm (20.0 in) of rainfall and the soil is salty and not conducive for agriculture. As of 2005,
984-551: The middle voiced pharyngeal fricative in the triliteral roots , which is usually preserved in Tigrinya . Along with Agame , it was a main center of Aksumite culture (second only to Seraye , where the capital was located), with a distinct sub-culture that separate the central Axumite land of Seraye and Hamassien with the costal Land of Adulis . In the Middle Ages , parts of southern Akele Guzai were briefly part of
1025-556: The northern Horn of Africa in the 15th century. It was governed by a chief called Zarsanāy in the sixteenth century during the Adal Sultanate occupation. Hamassien would be ruled by a governor known as the Bahr Negash during the Zagwe and Solomonic dynasties . With the decline of the importance of the Midri Bahri in the 17th century, the province enjoyed a period of communal rule under councils of village elders,
1066-489: The number of births per 1,000 population, was 33.0. The percentage of women pregnant as of 2002 out of the total population was 8.9 per cent. The mean number of children ever born stood at 5.8. The Infant Mortality Rate (IMR), defined as the number of deaths of children for every 1,000 born was 77.0 while the Child Mortality Rate (CMR), defined as the number of child deaths for every 1,000 children 5 years of age
1107-522: The people Agēzāt, mentioned in two of Ezana's inscriptions seems questionable. An Ethiopian regnal list from 1922 claimed that an "Ag'azyan" dynasty had reigned from 1985 to 982 BC. The dynasty was allegedly founded by Sheba , son of the Biblical figure Joktan , and the last ruler of this line was Makeda, the Biblical queen of Sheba . This regnal list, however, is not considered historically accurate and has been treated by historians as little more than
1148-432: The people he subjugated. Furthermore, he mention that he subjugated the king of 'Sarati', (this name crops up in different forms of one of which is Sarawi. It stands for the Eritrean province of 'Serae'), and says that he came to an understanding with him concerning the passage of trade caravans to ' Adulis ' peacefully across his country. However, the names of these kingdoms disappeared after the fourth century A.D. Following
1189-561: The province was divided and distributed amongst the modern Maekel , Debub , Northern Red Sea , Gash-Barka , and Anseba regions. Hamasien's population predominantly follow Oriental Orthodox Christianity and are members of the Eritrean Orthodox Tewahdo Church, with a considerable minority from the Sunni Muslim, Roman Catholic , and Lutheran communities. Hamasien was politically influential within
1230-528: The region had a population of 653,300 compared to a population of 576,200 in 2001. The net growth rate was 11.80 per cent. The total area of the province was 27800.00 km and the density was 23.50 persons per km . As of 2002, the Total Fertility Rate (TFR), defined as the children per woman was 4.5. The General Fertility Rate (GFR), defined as the births per 1,000 women between the ages of 15 and 45 remained at 156.0. The Crude Birth Rate (CBR),
1271-407: The region was 1,893 while it was 2,216 females. The percentage of literate males was 48.10 and the percentage of literate females was 28.00. A fraction of 52.70 males had no education, while the corresponding number for females was 69.20. The fraction of males completing secondary school stood at 1.40 and the fraction of males completing more than secondary was 001. The corresponding numbers for females
Agʿazi - Misplaced Pages Continue
1312-594: The same formula in RIE 10:1-5). YG'Ḏ seems to be the name of the leading tribe or royal family settled in the region of Akele Guzai . In the Greek Monumentum Adulitanum (RIE 277), the author (an Aksumite king of the 2nd-3rd century AD) states: Γάζη έθνος έπολέμηα ("I fought the Gaze-people"). This people's name has been connected with the term Ge'ez . The Sinaiticus and Laurentianus manuscripts (both 11th century) explain in margin: "Gaze means
1353-489: The same time separating Asmara from the rest of Hamasien. On April 15, 1996, the Government of Eritrea converted the then-nine provinces of Eritrea into six administrative regions. Akele Guzai (ምድረ ቡር ) was a historical province of Eritrea until 1996 when the newly Eritrean government consolidated all provinces into six regions . It extends from Dekemhare to the town of Senafe . The province's estimated population
1394-454: The so-called shimagile who enforced traditional laws which had prevailed uniquely in the region alongside feudal authority since ancient times. Following the death of Emperor Yohannes at the Battle of Gallabat , Hamasien was occupied by the Italians, who incorporated it into their colony of Eritrea and making one of its villages, Asmara, the capital of the colony, a status it retains today as
1435-511: Was 1,458. The number of men who were paid their total earnings in cash was 67.70 per cent, in kind was 6.10 and in both was 15.90. The number of women who were paid their total earnings in cash was 84.40 per cent, in kind was 4.50 per cent and in both was 1.30 per cent. The region also includes the following districts : Afabet District , Dahlak District , Ghelalo District , Foro District , Ghinda District , Karura District , Massawa District , Nakfa District and She'eb District . Eritrea has
1476-522: Was 1.10 and 000 respectively. As of 2002, the number of people engaged in Professional/technical/managerial activities was 7.80 per cent, Clerical was 4.80 per cent, Sales and services was 20.70 per cent, Skilled Manual was 12.90 per cent, Unskilled Manual was 2.00 per cent, Domestic Service was 33.40 per cent and Agriculture was 18.40 per cent. The total number of employed men was 1,327 and the total number of employed women
1517-544: Was 460,000 in 1990 and had an area of 8400 km2 km , is mostly consisted of Tigrinya and Saho ethnic groups. Akele Guzai is home to more than three-fourths of the total Saho-speaking population in Eritrea. The Tigrinya people of Akele Guzai are mostly followers of the Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church while the Saho are predominantly majority from Sunni Muslim . The province of Akele Guzai
1558-424: Was 83.0. The under-5 mortality rate stood at 154.0. The number of children with the prevalence of Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) was 778, fever was 778, and Diarrhea was 778. The number of women with the knowledge of AIDS was 1,148 and the number of people with no knowledge of the disease or its prevention was 0.0 per cent. As of 2002, the number of males completing or attending highest level of schooling in
1599-401: Was a province of Eritrea until 1996, when it was divided between present-day Northern Red Sea and Southern Red Sea regions of Eritrea. Its capital was Assab . Hamasien ( Ge’ez : ሐማሴን; Tigrinya : ሓማሴን) is a historical province including and surrounding the Eritrean capital named Asmara . Hamassien province had a population of 623,000 people in 1987 and an area of 4,400 km . In 1996
1640-441: Was absorbed into the present-day Anseba region. Its capital was Keren . Serae or Seraye ( Tigrigna / Tigre / Ge’ez : ሰራየ) is a former province of Eritrea which had an estimated population of 515,000 in 1990 (the most populous province) and an area of 8,608 km (3,324 sq mi). The province is home to two of the Eritrean ethnic groups namely the Tigrinya and Tigre . It has since been incorporated primarily into
1681-400: Was thinly settled with Massawa as the provincial capital. The population is mainly Tigre , Afar, Saho and Tigrinya. The Tigre and Tigrinya language are mainly spoken. The population is mainly pastoralist and agro-pastroalist. It is a common name for Eritrean females and at times males as well. Semhar is also a city in Eritrea. Senhit was a former province of Eritrea until 1996, when it